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Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience

  • Goran Mohammed Raouf Abdulqader EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 2, 2024
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 19 Issue 1

Abstract

Background

Most gastrointestinal polyps are asymptomatic; therefore, assessing symptoms associated with cancer and precancerous polyps is essential.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to study the histopathology, number, distribution, and degree of polyps’ dysplasia in terms of age, gender, and clinical presentation.

Methods

This study was performed on patients who underwent endoscopy from July 2015 to August 2021 in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Surgical pathology records of patients were analyzed for age, sex, nature of the polyps, number, site, histopathology, degree of dysplasia, resection margins and patients’ presented clinical data.

Results

The mean patients’ age was 51.4 ± 17.1 years, and most were males (51.9%). The most common indications for endoscopy were screening (28.62%), and the least common was weight loss (4.46%). Neoplastic polyps were common among patients with hematemesis (75%), while non-neoplastic were common among those with dyspepsia (60%). Most polyps were solitary in upper (80.8%) and lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Most polyps in the upper GIT were non-neoplastic (87.3%), while most lower proximal/distal GIT polyps were neoplastic. Most neoplastic polyps showed low-grade dysplasia (94.4%), and most high-grade dysplasia was a villous type (24.1%).

Conclusions

Initiation of the screening program is highly recommended as a facilitating method for the early detection of multiple and high-grade gastrointestinal polyps. Thus, screening programs can reduce the rate of mortality of carcinoma in this locality.

Keywords: adenoma; colorectal carcinoma; colonoscopy; polyps; retrospective study

1 Introduction

Polyp originated from the Greek word polypous, which means morbid lump [1], and esophagus-gastrointestinal (GI) polyps are one of the most common pathologies affecting gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Most gastric polyps do not have a counterpart in the large bowel. Gastric polyps include hyperplastic, adenoma, pyloric gland adenoma, oxyntic gland adenoma, fundic gland polyps, and inflammatory fibroid polyp [2].

Duodenal polyps’ prevalence is estimated to be about 1% in patients referred for esophagus-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD), including inflammatory polyps, Brunner’s gland hyperplasia, and those with ectopic gastric mucosa [3]. Polyps of the small bowel are rare compared to those of the colo-rectum, with adenomas being most common and having more preference for the distal duodenum, ampullary, and periampullary region [4].

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers that annually affects over 1.23 million people worldwide, which accounts for 10% of all malignancies [5]. Most CRCs are believed to arise from adenomas, benign precursor lesions that can develop malignant transformation through genetic and epigenetic mutations, the adenoma-carcinoma sequence [6]. The progression from detectable adenomas to cancer requires at least 10–15 years, leaving a reasonable period for endoscopic resection at the premalignant stage [7]. The time from initial invasive cancer to clinically overt disease may take several years. Thus, the long premalignant and preclinical course makes CRC a candidate for screening [8].

Histologically, intestinal polyps can be classified into neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps, with the most common neoplastic types being colonic adenomas. In contrast, the non-neoplastic polyps can be hamartomatous, hyperplastic, or inflammatory polyps or subtypes [9]. Among GIT malignancies, CRC has the most excellent chance of curability as far as it is discovered at an early stage, either as a premalignant lesion or before lymph node metastasis [6]. In European national screening programs, around 17% of cancers were pT1 CRCs, and the risk of having advanced neoplasia following polypectomy was found to be 0.6% [10].

Approximately 30% of Western people have colon polyps, while 10–15% is reported for Asians and Africans, with more frequency in males and aged people [11]. Evaluating the site and histological types in colorectal polyps and cancer is essential since these are associated with the efficacy of colorectal screening strategies [12]. The colorectal polyp management is guided by histological features of the polyp (presence/absence of dysplasia) in a way that adenomatous polyp requires follow-up assessment. In contrast, non-adenomatous polyps usually do not [2]. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard screening tool for early detection of colon cancer by facilitating the removal of precancerous adenomas [13]. The incidence and mortality of CRC are decreasing due to effective screening programs [7].

Recently, many countries, in addition to adopting national CRC screening programs, have been pursuing strategies to increase the participation of suitable individuals in these programs. A one-time colonoscopy screening at the age of 55 could achieve a 30–50% reduction in mortality from CRC [14]. The costs of performing colonoscopies clinically and financially are high; it is therefore essential to assess which symptoms are associated with cancer and precancerous polyps. Bowel symptoms, including alteration in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and weight loss, are often considered an indication to perform a colonoscopy to identify or rule out CRC or precancerous polyps [15].

Thus, to lower the incidence and mortality of CRC in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the current study was conducted to determine the age- and sex-related frequency of gastrointestinal polyps, the most common clinical presentation, and its relation to the histological types. Further, the degree of dysplasia and the excisional margins of the polyps were evaluated.

2 Patients and methods

2.1 Study design and setting

The current study was performed retrospectively, and the clinical data (reason for visiting or referral) to Kurdistan Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) of only 1,055 out of the 1,764 patients were available in the patient’s records. Thus, we used the records of 1,764 patients who underwent endoscopy procedures, including EGD and colonoscopy in KCGH, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from 1st July 2015 to 31st August 2021 (over 6 years).

2.2 Study population

The study population was patients who visited or were referred to the KCGH with upper GIT symptoms like epigastric pain, dyspepsia, or lower GIT symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, and those who complained of unexplained anemia, weight loss, or those who referred for surveillance/screening colonoscopy.

2.3 Data collection

Official permission was taken from the authorities to collect the patients’ data from the hospital database, such as age, sex, presented clinical data, nature of the polyps (neoplastic vs non-neoplastic), number (solitary or multiple), site, histopathological type, degree of dysplasia, and resection margins was saved and sorted in an access file.

2.4 Anatomical distribution of polyps

The anatomical location of the polyp was divided into upper GIT (esophagus, stomach, duodenum till ileum), proximal colon (cecum, ascending, hepatic flexure, and transverse colon), and distal colon (splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid colon, and rectum).

2.5 Histopathological analysis

The endoscopically resected polyps were received in 10% buffered neutral formalin, processed by Leica auto processor TP1020 for 24 h, cut into 5.0 µm sections using Accu-Cut SRM 200 rotary microtome and stained manually with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Lastly, the histopathological findings were reported by a GIT pathologist. World Health Organization criteria were applied to classify the polyps into non-adenomatous (hyperplastic and inflammatory) and adenomatous (tubular, tubulovillous, villous, and sessile serrated lesion) according to their architecture [16].

2.6 Inclusion criteria

Patients with a history of upper/lower GIT malignancy, including familial adenomatous polyposis, previous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, positive fecal occult blood, history of upper GIT bleeding, other malignancies outside the GIT, and history of chronic liver disease.

2.7 Exclusion criteria

Concerning patients presented with multiple polyps, the dysplastic polyps with the highest grade were considered in the analysis while lower grades or non-neoplastic ones were not considered since it was impossible statistically to consider every single polyp.

2.8 Statistical analysis

Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, USA, version 25) was used for data interpretation. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the data using frequency, proportion, mean, and standard deviation. The chi-square test was applied to detect the difference between categorical data, while the Fisher exact test was used when >20% of cells have expected frequencies of <5.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

  1. Ethical approval: The Scientific and Ethical Committees approved the proposal for the present study at the College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Also, official permission was taken from the KCHG authorities.

3 Results

The patients’ ages ranged from 1.0 to 97 years old, with a mean range of 51.4 ± 17.1 years and a median (interquartile range) of 52 (23). Most patients (76.4%) were in the age group of 31–70 (Table 1) and were males (51.9%). The types of polyps involved in this study were listed in the supplementary file. The most common indications for performing EGD and colonoscopy in the patients were screening (28.62%), bleeding per rectum (25.97%), chronic abdominal pain (12.6%), constipation (10.14%), chronic non-bloody diarrhea (3.22%), and weight loss (4.46%). However, none of these symptoms was significant compared to the age groups (Table 2).

Table 1

The age distribution of the studied patients

Age (years) Number %
1–10 45 2.6
11–20 26 1.5
21–30 134 7.6
31–40 232 13.2
41–50 364 20.6
51–60 374 21.2
61–70 378 21.4
71–80 167 9.5
81–90 39 2.2
91–100 5.0 0.3
Total 1,764 100
Table 2

The clinical presentations among the studied patients about the age group

Variable Age (years) Total p-value
<50 ≥50 No. %
(A) Indication for colonoscopy
Chronic abdominal pain 49 84 133 12.6 0.06
Bleeding per rectum 118 156 274 25.97
Chronic diarrhea (non-bloody) 14 20 34 3.22
Bloating 9.0 8.0 17 1.61
Constipation 49 58 107 10.14
Melena 6.0 4.0 10 0.95
Alteration of bowel habit 13 11 24 2.27
Anemia 12 18 30 2.84
Weight loss 20 25 45 4.26
Surveillance/follow-up 125 177 302 28.62
(B) Indication for EGD
Dysphagia 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.28 0.72
Vomiting 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.47
Hematemesis 2.0 6.0 8.0 0.76
Dyspepsia 8.0 7.0 15 1.42
Epigastric pain 9.0 24 33 3.13
Anorexia 2.0 5.0 7.0 0.66
Anemia 1.0 4.0 5.0 0.47
Weight loss 0.0 3.0 3.0 0.28
Total 438 617 1055 100

EGD: esophagus-gastro-duodenoscopy.

Moreover, there was no significant correlation between patients’ clinical presentations about the types of polyps (p = 0.10). However, neoplastic polyps were common in patients with hematemesis (75%), bloating (75.5%), dysphagia (66.7%), routine screening (58.6%), weight loss (58.3%), and constipation (57.9%). While non-neoplastic polyps were common in patients with dyspepsia (60%), epigastric pain (57.6%), chronic diarrhea (61.8%), and altered bowel habits (70.8%), on the other hand, some categories that were expected to be significantly higher in neoplastic polyps were surprisingly having slightly higher percent compared to non-neoplastic polyps like bleeding per rectum (55.1% in neoplastic vs 44.9% in non-neoplastic) and anemia (51.4% in neoplastic vs 48.6% in non-neoplastic) (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Correlation of clinical presentations of the studied patients with their types of polyps (neoplastic vs non-neoplastic).
Figure 1

Correlation of clinical presentations of the studied patients with their types of polyps (neoplastic vs non-neoplastic).

Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the site and the number of the polyps, with the majority of them being solitary in upper (80.8%) and lower GIT (87.4% in lower proximal and 63.5% in lower distal) (p < 0.001) (Figure 2). The multiple polyps in the various age groups were 2.2–34.6%, with the highest numerous polyps being in the 11–20 years (34.6%) (Figure 3). There was no association between age and subtype distribution among adenomatous polyps (p = 0.94). Meanwhile, a significant association between non-adenomatous subtypes and different age groups was found (p = 0.001) (Figure 4).

Figure 2 Shows the polyp’s number about its location in the GIT (p < 0.001).
Figure 2

Shows the polyp’s number about its location in the GIT (p < 0.001).

Figure 3 Illustrates the percentage of solitary and multiple polyps in different age groups.
Figure 3

Illustrates the percentage of solitary and multiple polyps in different age groups.

Figure 4 The most frequent polyps in comparison to various age groups.
Figure 4

The most frequent polyps in comparison to various age groups.

Additionally, there was no significant finding between the degree of dysplasia and the polyp’s number. However, most polyps with low- (64%) and high-grade (64.58%) dysplasia were solitary (p = 0.97) (Table 3). Most polyps in the upper GIT were non-neoplastic (87.3%), while most of the lower proximal (65.6%) and distal GIT polyps were neoplastic (51%) (p < 0.001) with tubular adenoma been the frequent subtype (Table 4). Although most of the neoplastic polyps (tubular, tubulovillous, and villous) showed low-grade dysplasia (94.4%), most high-grade dysplasia was a villous type (24.1%) (p = 0.001) (Table 5 and Figure 5). Concerning the resection margin of the neoplastic polyps, the majority (67.5%) were wholly excised, 9.5% were incompletely excised, and 21.6% were fragmented polyp specimens (Table 6).

Table 3

The relation between the degree of dysplasia among the neoplastic polyps and the number of polyps

Degrees of dysplasia Polyp number (%) p-value
Solitary Multiple Total
Low grade 522 (64%) 293 (36%) 815 (100%) 0.97
High grade 31 (64.58%) 17 (35.42%) 48 (100%)
Total 553 (64.08%) 310 (35.92%) 863 (100%)
Table 4

The number of neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps in different GIT sites

Site Neoplastic Non-neoplastic Total p-value
Number (%)
Upper GIT 33 (12.7) 227 (87.3) 260 (100) <0.001**
Lower proximal 358 (65.6) 188 (34.4) 546 (100)
Lower distal 489 (51.0) 469 (49.0) 958 (100)
Total 880 (49.9) 884 (50.1) 1,764 (100)

**Highly significant difference.

Table 5

The degree of dysplasia in different types of neoplastic polyps

Types of polyps Low grade High grade Total p-value
Frequency % Frequency %
Tubular adenoma 627 98.6 9.0 1.4 636 <0.001**
Tubulovilous adenoma 144 85.2 25 14.8 169 <0.001**
Villous 44 75.9 14 24.1 58 <0.001**
Total 815 94.4 48 5.6 863

**Highly significant difference.

Figure 5 Colonic hyperplastic polyp, goblet cell-rich type (a), colonic tubular adenoma, low-grade dysplasia (b), and colonic villous adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (c). H&E-100 HPF.
Figure 5

Colonic hyperplastic polyp, goblet cell-rich type (a), colonic tubular adenoma, low-grade dysplasia (b), and colonic villous adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (c). H&E-100 HPF.

Table 6

Excisional margins of the neoplastic polyps

Excisional margin Frequency %
Completely excised 594 67.5
Incompletely excised 84 9.5
Very close 12 1.4
Fragmented (cannot be assessed) 190 21.6
Total 880 100

A significant gender difference was observed among patients with non-adenomatous polyps, such that the non-adenomatous polyps were more frequent among females (p = 0.01). In contrast, no significant difference was observed among patients with adenomatous polyps (p = 0.92) (Figure 6). There was no correlation between the degree of dysplasia and different age groups (p = 0.23) (Figure 7). Moreover, most of the adenomatous polyps were in the age group of 45–65 years, with a significantly lower trend in the two extremes (<45 and >65 years) (p = 0.001); however, in the non-adenomatous polyps, the number of patients in age group >65 years was significantly lower compared to other two groups (Figure 8).

Figure 6 The distribution of the type of polyps about the gender in the studied cases.
Figure 6

The distribution of the type of polyps about the gender in the studied cases.

Figure 7 The degree of dysplasia in different age groups.
Figure 7

The degree of dysplasia in different age groups.

Figure 8 Distribution of types of polyps in different age groups.
Figure 8

Distribution of types of polyps in different age groups.

4 Discussion

CRC is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of CRCs arise from preexisting adenomas [17]. Colorectal polyps have had an increasing detection rate in recent years owing to the fact that they are a recognized premalignant lesion of CRC [18]. Colonoscopy is universally used for both the diagnosis and treatment of colon pathologies, and it is considered safe, accurate, and well-tolerated if properly performed [19].

In the present study, the mean age of patients was 51.4 ± 17.1 years, slightly younger than a study reported by Sohrabi et al. (56.45 ± 9.59 years) [20]. Our reported mean age was potentially lower than that stated by Nam et al. (64.1 ± 12.5 years) [11] but close to that found by Almadi et al. (50.5 ± 15.9 years) [21]. The Westernization of our community’s lifestyle can explain this. The incidence of polyps increased with age; the three age groups from 41 to 70 years had approximately similar percentages (20.6, 21.2, and 21.4%, respectively). These data are lower than the age groups presented for polypectomy by Sohrabi et al. (26.8, 29.7, and 31.4%, respectively) [20].

Additionally, there was no gender difference among patients with adenomatous polyps, although most were males (472 patients, 54.6%), similar to earlier studies [20,22]. Also, men had more adenomatous polyps than women, which agrees with that of McCashland et al. [23], who found that men had a greater risk of polyps and tumors.

Concerning indication for colonoscopy, 28.6% presented with bleeding per rectum, 13.9% with chronic abdominal pain, and 11.2% with constipation, which is near to that reported by Almadi et al. (25.1, 20.3, and 10.8%, respectively) [21]. Also, 31.5% of the patients had undergone screening colonoscopy, contrary to 7.7% reported by Almadi et al. [21]. Our study’s high percentage of screening was because we included many presentations in the screening group. Also, we found that most non-adenomatous polyps were hyperplastic and found in patients aged >45 years (p = 0.001). At the same time, there was no significant difference regarding adenomatous polyps with age distribution (p = 0.94). This contradicts Cekodhima et al., in which tubular adenoma drops and villous adenoma increases with advanced age [24].

In the current study, most patients had multiple polyps in the distal colon (36.5%), similar to a survey by Mehdi, 2021 (32.2%) [25]. All age groups had numerous multiple polyps, except age group 1.0–10 years, and only 2.2% of them had multiple polyps. These are significantly higher compared to Mehdi’s study in 2021 [25]. This can be explained by the fact that we used a large sample size (1,764 cases). The average of multiple polyps in the proximal and distal colon was 24.5%, which is in agreement with Al-jameel et al., who reported that 25.9% of colonic polyps were multiple [26].

Both groups of patients with solitary and multiple polyps showed almost a similar degree of dysplasia. Hence, there was no significant difference between solitary and various polyps concerning the increased risk of high-grade dysplasia development. Furthermore, 2/3 of the cases had solitary polyps, similar to Lowenfels et al. [27] but higher than Silva et al., who reported that almost 50% of cases had solitary polyps [28].

In the current study, 63.6% of patients had polyps at the distal colon, which is slightly lower than Long et al., who reported 66.4% [18] and Bafandeh et al., who reported 72% [29] and even lower than Al-jameel et al. who reported 70% [26]. On the other hand, our finding was higher than Almadi et al.‘s, who reported 55.5% [21], and higher than Nam et al.‘s (53.4%) [11]. These discrepancies between our findings may be explained by factors like diet and lifestyle habits, genetic differences, and improved colonoscopy techniques [30].

Regarding the fragmented polyp specimen (21.6%), these findings indicate a poor endoscopic resection technique, which can be explained by the fact that a significant proportion of endoscopic procedures were performed by trainee endoscopists who had a low level of experience.

In this study, the tubular adenoma subtype accounts for 72.2% of all neoplastic polyps (636/880), which is lower than that reported by Cekodhima et al. (89.2%) [24]. This may be due to the small sample size in the mentioned study (346 polyps) compared to this study (880 polyps). Around 67.5% of the neoplastic polyps were excised entirely, 9.5% were incompletely resected, and fragmented polyps account for 21.6%. This was mainly due to differences in endoscopic techniques applied for polyp resection, endoscopist experience, and inappropriate handling of specimens during polyp resection [22]. Lastly, the significance of the current study is the large sample size regarding the number of different variables measured and compared to each other, which were not done previously in our locality.

5 Conclusions

The most common indication for polypectomy was routine screening. Most polyps were solitary, and multiple polyps were mainly in the distal colon. The upper GI polyps were almost non-neoplastic, while the lower GI polyps were mostly neoplastic. Therefore, routine colonoscopy is highly recommended as a preventive and effective measure to reduce the chance of CRC in our locality. The strength of this study stays in its large sample size; however, including symptomatic patients in a single center is a less representative sample. Future directions for further research in the field include involving more centers and even the private sector in such studies.

Acknowledgments

The author appreciates the help and support from the KCGH in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

  1. Funding information: The author did not receive local or international grants or funds to conduct this study.

  2. Author contributions: GMRA: conceptualization, data collection, data analysis, resources, study registration, and writing the original manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The data related to this study are presented within the manuscript.

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Received: 2024-03-06
Revised: 2024-07-21
Accepted: 2024-07-31
Published Online: 2024-09-02

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
  16. Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-1022
Keywords for this article
adenoma; colorectal carcinoma; colonoscopy; polyps; retrospective study
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
  16. Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
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