Home Medicine Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
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Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery

  • Mengmeng Bao and Anshi Wu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 13, 2024
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 19 Issue 1

Abstract

Background

This study leverages the GSE4386 dataset, obtained from atrial tissue samples post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, to investigate the impact of anesthetic agents (sevoflurane and propofol) on gene expression and immune cell infiltration.

Methods

Hierarchical clustering and box plots were employed for dataset preprocessing, highlighting a significant outlier (sample GSM99282), subsequently removed to ensure data integrity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using volcano plots based on specific log-fold-change and P-value thresholds. Additional analyses included the Friends approach, Spearman’s correlation, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), exploring functional annotations and pathways.

Results

Heatmaps and bubble plots depicted DEGs, revealing distinct expression patterns between the sevoflurane and propofol groups. Friends analysis identified top genes based on log fold changes, further correlated using Spearman’s method. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses illustrated functional annotations of DEGs, while GSEA highlighted enriched biological categories. Immune cell infiltration analysis showcased varied cellular presence post-CABG. ESTIMATE algorithm scores demonstrated differences in immune, stroma, and estimate scores. Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCPcounter) revealed an increased abundance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the sevoflurane group, confirmed by a single sample GSEA. CIBERSORT algorithm identified distinct immune cell compositions, highlighting differences in macrophage M0 prevalence between sevoflurane and propofol groups.

Conclusions

This comprehensive analysis provides insights into anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-CABG surgery. The identified DEGs and immune cell compositions offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for refining anesthetic strategies in cardiac surgeries.

Keywords: anesthetic modulation; gene expression profiling; immune cell infiltration; coronary artery bypass graft; atrial tissue analysis

1 Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating intricate surgical interventions such as CABG surgeries [1]. The success of these procedures relies not only on surgical precision but also on the management of perioperative factors, including anesthesia [2,3]. Anesthesia, particularly the use of agents like sevoflurane and propofol [4,5,6], plays a pivotal role in ensuring patient comfort and procedural efficacy. However, the molecular and immunological consequences of these anesthetic agents on atrial tissues post-CABG surgery are not fully understood. This study delves into the intricate interplay between anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics within atrial tissue, employing a comprehensive analysis of the GSE4386 dataset derived from post-CABG surgery samples.

The significance of investigating anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics lies in the potential implications for patient recovery and long-term cardiovascular health [7,8]. The molecular responses within atrial tissues post-CABG can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying anesthesia-associated effects, paving the way for personalized and optimized anesthetic strategies [9]. Furthermore, identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune cell compositions can unearth potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thus enhancing the precision and efficacy of anesthetic management in cardiac surgeries.

While anesthesia’s impact on immediate perioperative outcomes is well-documented, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular and immunological effects at the genetic level in atrial tissues is lacking. Previous studies may have explored broader aspects of perioperative care, but the specific focus on anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics post-CABG surgery, as undertaken in this research, remains a research gap. By leveraging the GSE4386 dataset [10] and employing advanced analytical techniques, this study aims to bridge this gap and contribute novel insights to the existing body of knowledge.

The primary objectives of this research are to unravel the specific impact of sevoflurane and propofol on gene expression within atrial tissues post-CABG surgery and to delineate the associated changes in immune cell dynamics. The identification of DEGs, exploration of functional annotations and pathways through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and the characterization of immune cell compositions will collectively contribute to a nuanced understanding of the molecular and immunological responses to anesthetic agents in the context of cardiac surgeries. Ultimately, these findings aim to provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, fostering advancements in anesthetic strategies for improved outcomes in CABG procedures.

2 Methods

2.1 Data acquisition and preprocessing

The expression profiling of GSE4386 produced by Lucchinetti et al., including 40 atrial samples, was downloaded from the National Center of Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), which was based on the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array platform. The 40 atrial samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the off-pump CABG surgery and included 20 atrial samples from 10 patients receiving the anesthetic gas sevoflurane and 20 atrial samples from 10 patients receiving the intravenous anesthetic propofol. The sevoflurane and propofol were adjusted to maintain the blood pressure and heart rate within 20% of the baseline values [11]. In addition, patients with hemodynamic instability were excluded (sample GSM99282) [12]. Hierarchical clustering was employed to examine correlations and discrepancies among samples.

2.2 Gene expression analysis

To elucidate the distribution profiles of gene expression, box plots were generated post-outlier removal. These plots provided a visual representation of the variability in gene expression across all atrial tissue samples collected at the surgical termination point of CABG procedures.

DEGs between two groups, one exposed to the anesthetic gas sevoflurane and the other to intravenous anesthetic propofol, were identified using volcano plots. The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure [13] was used to adjust the raw P-values into false discovery rate. DEG selection criteria included an absolute value of log-fold change (|logFC|) of at least 0.58 and an associated P-value of less than 0.05.

2.3 Functional annotation and pathway analysis

The DEGs were further subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Bubble plots illustrated the cellular component- (CC) and molecular function (MF)-related functional enrichments, while corresponding heatmaps displayed the distribution of DEGs across enriched categories. This step aimed to provide insights into the biological functions and pathways associated with the identified DEGs.

2.4 Friends analysis and correlation study

The Friends analysis approach assesses the functional correlation between different genes in a pathway, suggesting that a gene is more likely to be expressed if it interacts with other genes in the same pathway, and it is widely used to identify critical genes. To understand the relationships between genes, the top 20 DEGs based on |logFC| were analyzed using the Friends approach. A semantic similarity measure was employed, and visualized on a graph. Additionally, pairwise correlation analysis, specifically Spearman’s correlation, was executed on genes identified through Friends analysis.

2.5 Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)

GSEA was performed to investigate the enrichment of identified genes across different biological categories. Bubble plots were generated to illustrate gene enrichment in terms of CCs, MFs, and KEGG pathways.

2.6 Immune cell infiltration analysis

The cellular composition of atrial tissue samples was determined using various algorithms. The ESTIMATE algorithm calculated immune, stroma, and estimate scores, indicating cellular presence. MCPcounter and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms provided insights into the abundance of specific immune cell types [14,15,16]. CIBERSORT algorithm [17] further characterized the composition and abundance of 22 distinct immune cell types within the atrial tissue samples.

3 Results

3.1 Preprocessing of the GSE4386 dataset

Hierarchical clustering was employed to reveal the correlations as well as discrepancies among the dataset’s samples (Figure 1a). Each sample is represented as a separate branch within the hierarchy. A distinct row-labeled “outlierC” has red bars indicating the outliers detected within the dataset. One notable outlier, specifically sample GSM99282, was marked as statistically significant and, thus, was removed from subsequent analyses to prevent data skewing. Following outlier removal, box plots were employed to visually represent the distribution profiles of gene expression across atrial tissue samples obtained during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (Figure 1b). These samples were obtained at the surgical termination point of a procedure known as CABG. These box plots allow efficient visualization and comparison of data dispersion and symmetry for different categories of gene expression data. A volcano plot was constructed to comprehensively portray DEGs between two groups exposed to different anesthetic agents, sevoflurane and propofol (Figure 1c). One received the anesthetic gas sevoflurane and the other was subjected to an intravenous anesthetic propofol. The selection criteria for DEGs was based on the threshold of the absolute value of |logFC| being at least 0.58 and an associated P-value of less than 0.05. This critical threshold helps ascertain the genes with a significant degree of difference in their expression levels between the two aforementioned anesthetic groups. This analytical approach unveils molecular distinctions induced by distinct anesthetic interventions.

Figure 1 Preprocessing of the GSE4386 dataset. (a) Hierarchical clustering was applied to the GSE4386 dataset to elucidate correlations and discrepancies among samples. (b) Box plots were introduced to illustrate the varying distribution profiles of gene expression. (c) A volcano plot provides a comprehensive overview of the DEGs between two groups.
Figure 1

Preprocessing of the GSE4386 dataset. (a) Hierarchical clustering was applied to the GSE4386 dataset to elucidate correlations and discrepancies among samples. (b) Box plots were introduced to illustrate the varying distribution profiles of gene expression. (c) A volcano plot provides a comprehensive overview of the DEGs between two groups.

3.2 DEG representation through heatmap

Figure 2 presents a heatmap representation elucidating the patterns of DEGs within the GSE4386 dataset. To facilitate comparison, row normalization has been applied, ensuring equitable representation of each gene’s expression levels across the samples. Furthermore, a meticulous clustering approach has been employed to organize the genes based on Euclidean distance. This visual depiction aids in recognizing gene expression patterns and facilitates a nuanced understanding of the molecular landscape between the compared groups. The sevoflurane group has a strong correlation with Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4), Alpha-1-antiproteinase (SERPIN A1), CD300A, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 8 (TNF SF8), and V-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog B (RELB); the propofol group has a strong correlation with SLIT and NTRK-like protein 6 (SLITRK6), leucine-rich repeat containing 7 (LRRC7), and abhydrolase domain containing 13 (ABHD13).

Figure 2 A heatmap representation of the DEGs between two comparison groups within the GSE4386 dataset. The heatmap is organized to visually depict the variance in gene expression levels, with each row representing a unique gene and each column symbolizing one sample. The color intensity within the heatmap correlates directly with the expression level of each gene: warmer tones (e.g., red) indicate higher expression, while cooler tones (e.g., blue) signify lower expression levels.
Figure 2

A heatmap representation of the DEGs between two comparison groups within the GSE4386 dataset. The heatmap is organized to visually depict the variance in gene expression levels, with each row representing a unique gene and each column symbolizing one sample. The color intensity within the heatmap correlates directly with the expression level of each gene: warmer tones (e.g., red) indicate higher expression, while cooler tones (e.g., blue) signify lower expression levels.

3.3 Friends approach and correlation study

The top 20 DEGs, identified through Friends analysis, were scrutinized to reveal their semantic similarity to other genes. This exploration, as depicted in Figure 3a, provides insights into the interconnectedness and functional relationships among genes.

Figure 3 Analysis using the Friends approach and correlation study. (a) We investigated the top 20 genes selected based on the absolute value of |logFC| through Friends analysis. For visual interest, the x-axis displays the semantic similarity of a particular gene to all other genes, while the y-axis represents the corresponding genes themselves. (b) We executed a pairwise correlation analysis, specifically Spearman’s correlation, on the genes identified from the Friends analysis. The measure of statistical significance is denoted by asterisks, where *P < 0.05 shows a statistically significant correlation, **P < 0.01 indicates a highly significant correlation, and ***P < 0.001 represents a very highly significant correlation between pairwise genes.
Figure 3

Analysis using the Friends approach and correlation study. (a) We investigated the top 20 genes selected based on the absolute value of |logFC| through Friends analysis. For visual interest, the x-axis displays the semantic similarity of a particular gene to all other genes, while the y-axis represents the corresponding genes themselves. (b) We executed a pairwise correlation analysis, specifically Spearman’s correlation, on the genes identified from the Friends analysis. The measure of statistical significance is denoted by asterisks, where *P < 0.05 shows a statistically significant correlation, **P < 0.01 indicates a highly significant correlation, and ***P < 0.001 represents a very highly significant correlation between pairwise genes.

3.4 Pairwise correlation analysis

Spearman’s correlation was executed on genes identified through Friends analysis, as presented in Figure 3b. This rigorous correlation study sheds light on potential co-regulated genes, enhancing our understanding of molecular interactions within the dataset.

3.5 GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs

Figure 4a illustrates a bubble plot highlighting the CC-related functional enrichments of DEGs. This analysis provides a detailed overview of cellular locations associated with the identified DEGs. Corresponding to Figure 4a, Figure 4b presents a heatmap showcasing the distribution of DEGs across enriched CC categories. This presentation enhances the clarity of DEG distribution within CCs. A bubble plot in Figure 4c delineates the enrichment of DEGs in terms of MF. This analysis delves into the functional roles of the identified DEGs. Figure 4d presents a heatmap corresponding to Figure 4c, depicting the distribution of DEGs across enriched MF categories. This comprehensive visualization aids in understanding the functional attributes of DEGs.

Figure 4 GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs. (a) Bubble plot illustrating CC-related functional enrichments of the DEGs. Each bubble in the plot corresponds to a specific CC and its size represents the count of DEGs related to that component. (b) Corresponding heatmap for the enrichments is depicted in (a), displaying the distribution of DEGs across the enriched categories. The x-axis represents genes in the selected items. (c) Bubble plot representing the enrichment of DEGs in terms of MF. Bubbles represent the specific molecular functional categories and their size correlates to the number of DEGs within that category. (d) The heatmap corresponding to Figure 4c, showing the distribution of DEGs in the enriched items or categories. The x-axis indicates genes in the chosen items.
Figure 4

GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs. (a) Bubble plot illustrating CC-related functional enrichments of the DEGs. Each bubble in the plot corresponds to a specific CC and its size represents the count of DEGs related to that component. (b) Corresponding heatmap for the enrichments is depicted in (a), displaying the distribution of DEGs across the enriched categories. The x-axis represents genes in the selected items. (c) Bubble plot representing the enrichment of DEGs in terms of MF. Bubbles represent the specific molecular functional categories and their size correlates to the number of DEGs within that category. (d) The heatmap corresponding to Figure 4c, showing the distribution of DEGs in the enriched items or categories. The x-axis indicates genes in the chosen items.

3.6 GSEA of identified genes

Figure 5a and b, respectively, showcases bubble plots illustrating the enrichment of genes in CC, and MF. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis visualizes the top 9 pathways (Figure 5c), mainly involving Teukocyte Transendothelial Migration, Jak Stat Signaling Pathway Chemokine Signaling Pathway, Toll Like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Cell Adhesion Molecules Cams. These visualizations provide a detailed overview of the functional implications and pathways associated with the identified genes in the GSE4386 dataset.

Figure 5 GSEA of identified genes in the GSE4386 dataset across different biological categories. (a) Bubble plot demonstrating the enrichment of genes within the category of CC. Each bubble signifies a distinct CC, with the size of the bubble representing the set size (number of molecules defined in the gene set) and the color indicating the normalized enrichment score (NES) after correction. (b) Bubble plot showcasing the enrichment of genes in terms of MF. This plot follows a similar format to (a), where each bubble corresponds to a specific MF. (c) Ridge plot illustrating the enrichment of genes across various KEGG pathways. The ridge plot provides a continuous curve representation for each enriched pathway, where the width of the curve along the x-axis indicates the density of genes associated with that pathway, and the y-axis positions represent different pathways.
Figure 5

GSEA of identified genes in the GSE4386 dataset across different biological categories. (a) Bubble plot demonstrating the enrichment of genes within the category of CC. Each bubble signifies a distinct CC, with the size of the bubble representing the set size (number of molecules defined in the gene set) and the color indicating the normalized enrichment score (NES) after correction. (b) Bubble plot showcasing the enrichment of genes in terms of MF. This plot follows a similar format to (a), where each bubble corresponds to a specific MF. (c) Ridge plot illustrating the enrichment of genes across various KEGG pathways. The ridge plot provides a continuous curve representation for each enriched pathway, where the width of the curve along the x-axis indicates the density of genes associated with that pathway, and the y-axis positions represent different pathways.

3.7 Immune cell infiltration in atrial tissue samples

Figure 6a displays immune, stroma, and estimate scores calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Higher scores indicate increased cellular presence in atrial tissue samples post-CABG surgery. In Figure 6b, the composition of immune cells within atrial tissue samples is depicted using the MCPcounter algorithm. Notably, an increased abundance of cytotoxic lymphocytes is observed in the sevoflurane group compared to the propofol group. Figure 6c presents the landscape of immune cell composition within atrial tissue samples, determined through the ssGSEA algorithm. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells appear more abundant in the sevoflurane group compared to the propofol group. Figure 6d showcases the composition and abundance of 22 distinct types of immune cells in atrial tissue samples as inferred by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Among the findings, macrophage M0 and T cells CD4 naive are determined to be less prevalent in the sevoflurane group compared to the propofol group, providing valuable insights into immune cell dynamics in response to different anesthetic interventions.

Figure 6 Immune cell infiltration in atrial tissue samples collected post-CABG surgery. (a) Immune, stroma, and estimate scores for atrial tissue samples calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm, with higher scores indicating increased cellular presence. (b) Composition of immune cells within the atrial tissue samples as determined by MCPcounter algorithm. A noteworthy observation is the increased abundance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the sevoflurane group as compared to the propofol group. (c) Landscape of immune cell composition within atrial tissue samples determined through the ssGSEA algorithm. (d) Composition and abundance of 22 distinct types of immune cells in the atrial tissue samples as inferred by the CIBERSORT algorithm.
Figure 6

Immune cell infiltration in atrial tissue samples collected post-CABG surgery. (a) Immune, stroma, and estimate scores for atrial tissue samples calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm, with higher scores indicating increased cellular presence. (b) Composition of immune cells within the atrial tissue samples as determined by MCPcounter algorithm. A noteworthy observation is the increased abundance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the sevoflurane group as compared to the propofol group. (c) Landscape of immune cell composition within atrial tissue samples determined through the ssGSEA algorithm. (d) Composition and abundance of 22 distinct types of immune cells in the atrial tissue samples as inferred by the CIBERSORT algorithm.

4 Discussion

Compared with on-pump CABG, the levels of TNFα, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and creatine kinase-MB are significantly lower in off-pump CABG, suggesting a decreased systemic inflammatory response and reduced myocardial damage [18,19,20]. However, off-pump CABG surgery can also lead to ischemic injury. Several studies have identified that, to a certain extent, sevoflurane and propofol are effective cardioprotective anesthetic agents [21]. The exploration of anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post- CABG surgery, as elucidated by the analysis of the GSE4386 dataset, has yielded valuable insights into the intricate molecular and cellular responses to anesthetic agents, specifically sevoflurane and propofol [22,23]. This study contributes to the growing body of research aiming to understand the implications of anesthetics in the context of cardiac surgeries, shedding light on potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

The distinct expression patterns observed in the heatmaps and bubble plots between the sevoflurane and propofol groups underscore the influence of these anesthetic agents on the transcriptional landscape of atrial tissue post-CABG. The identification of DEGs through volcano plots, Friends approach, and Spearman’s correlation enhances our understanding of the specific genes that play crucial roles in mediating the effects of anesthetics. Correlation analyses provide a nuanced perspective, revealing not only individual gene changes but also how these changes interrelate, potentially uncovering key regulatory networks affected by sevoflurane and propofol.

The functional annotations and pathways revealed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses further elucidate the biological processes influenced by anesthetic exposure. Reduce myocardial injury and inflammation after reperfusion injury through the JAK/STAT pathway. Chemokine-mediated monocyte infiltration into the damaged heart represents an initial step in inflammation during cardiac remodeling [24]. Toll-like receptors have been established to play an essential role in the activation of innate immunity by recognizing specific patterns of microbial components [25]. GSEA, by highlighting enriched biological categories, adds another layer of depth to our understanding of the broader functional implications of the observed gene expression changes. This knowledge is pivotal for deciphering the intricate mechanisms underlying anesthetic responses in cardiac tissues, potentially guiding future research and clinical interventions.

The immune cell infiltration analysis is a noteworthy component of this study, showcasing the complex dynamics of immune cells post-CABG. The differences in immune, stroma, and estimate scores, as demonstrated by the ESTIMATE algorithm, signify a potential role of anesthetics in shaping the microenvironment of the atrial tissue. The increased abundance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the sevoflurane group, confirmed by ssGSEA and distinct immune cell compositions highlighted by the CIBERSORT algorithm, offers a comprehensive view of the immune landscape influenced by anesthetic exposure. CABG surgery can lead to ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-18, is a strong inflammatory mediator, that is released from cardiomyocytes and can be found in the systemic circulation of patients during and immediately after CABG surgery. The existing damage of endothelial glycocalyx in patients with ischemic heart disease is further impaired concurrently during the surgery due to the anesthesia-surgical technique used and intravascular fluid loading. This results in an increased incidence of adverse events, including myocardial infarction. IL-18 leads to the activation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity via cytotoxic mediators [26]. Notably, the prevalence of macrophage M0 is identified as significantly different between the sevoflurane and propofol groups, emphasizing the specific impact of each anesthetic agent on immune cell subpopulations. Sevoflurane group DEG CD300A is an inhibitory receptor that is expressed on various white blood cells, including mast cells and macrophages (MΦ). They are important cells in allergic inflammation [27].

Similar to studies, our findings align with prior research investigating the transcriptomic and immune responses to anesthetics in various contexts. For instance, studies exploring the impact of anesthetics on gene expression in other surgical scenarios have reported similar patterns of DEGs, emphasizing the need for personalized anesthetic strategies tailored to specific surgical procedures. Additionally, the observed alterations in immune cell compositions resonate with studies investigating immune responses in cardiac surgeries, highlighting the potential modulatory role of anesthetics in shaping these responses.

In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis significantly contributes to the understanding of anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-CABG surgery. The identified DEGs and immune cell compositions not only enhance our knowledge of the molecular and cellular responses to sevoflurane and propofol but also offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Suggestions for future research directions can be based on the results of this study. These insights pave the way for further research aimed at refining anesthetic strategies in cardiac surgeries, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing personalized medicine in the field of anesthesia.

5 Limitations

However, the identified DEGs and pathways in this study were not investigated in animal models. Further study of this subject in animal models may be required in the future, simultaneously utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing technology for immune cell analysis.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and editors who helped improve the article.

  1. Funding information: This study did not receive any funding in any form.

  2. Author contributions: Anshi Wu designed the study. Mengmeng Bao wrote the original draft. Mengmeng Bao collected raw data. Mengmeng Bao performed statistical and bioinformatics analyses. Anshi Wu supervised the study.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: Data for this article can be accessed online at https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/sra/ PRJNA1064412.

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Received: 2024-04-14
Revised: 2024-07-22
Accepted: 2024-07-23
Published Online: 2024-08-13

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
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  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
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  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
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  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
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  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
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  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
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  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
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  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
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  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
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  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
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  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
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  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
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  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
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  205. Letter to the Editor
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  207. Erratum
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  209. Retraction
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  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
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  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
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  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
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https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-1014
Keywords for this article
anesthetic modulation; gene expression profiling; immune cell infiltration; coronary artery bypass graft; atrial tissue analysis
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
  16. Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
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