Home Medicine Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
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Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

  • Dong Yang EMAIL logo , Wei Li , Ping Xiang , Tingrui Ge , Huazhuan Li and Yonggang Zhang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 19, 2024
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 19 Issue 1

Abstract

Rhein is a natural anthraquinone substance extracted from Rheum palmatum L. This study aimed to evaluate Rhein’s protective effects against skin wound by in vivo and in vitro models and investigate whether its protective mechanism regulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The skin wound mice model was established and then treated with Rhein for 10 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were applied to assess histological changes and collagen maturity in the mice skin wound tissues. Human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) viability, migration, and invasion were detected by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch wound, and transwell assays respectively. Moreover, the protein expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT were determined by western blot assay. We found that local treatment with Rhein promoted skin wound healing and accelerated collagen maturation, compared with the Model group. In addition, Rhein promoted skin wound healing through accelerated HSF proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, Rhein remarkably enhanced p-PI3K and p-AKT expression, as well as p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio in skin wound mice and HSF cells, suggesting that Rhein promoted skin wound healing by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, Rhein is a promising agent for promoting wound healing of skin tissues.

Keywords: Rhein; skin wound healing; PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

1 Introduction

Wound healing is a complex process that refers to the repair process of tissue defects caused by external forces on the body [1,2]. The healing of skin wounds requires the coordination of multiple processes, including inflammatory response, cell migration and proliferation, collagen synthesis, and deposition [3,4]. There were different degrees of tissue necrosis and vascular rupture in the wound area during the inflammatory phase, followed by inflammatory reactions within a few hours [5]. In the proliferative phase, the basal cells at the wound edge began to proliferate and migrate to the center of the wound, forming a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of granulation tissue. When these cells meet, they stop migrating and proliferate and differentiate into squamous epithelium [6]. At present, increasing researches focus on finding methods for skin wound healing [5,7,8]. Although we have made significant progress in understanding how wounds heal in an orderly manner, the mechanisms controlling the behavior of repair cells remain incompletely understood.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rheum palmatum L. has a medicinal history of over a thousand years in China. At present, pharmacological studies of R. palmatum L. mainly focus on anthraquinones, including rhein, emodin, and chrysophanol [9,10]. The pharmacological effects of R. palmatum L. mainly include anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation effects. Liu et al. found that rhein regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the expression of STAT3 [11]. Chen et al. found that Rhein inhibits NF-kappaB signaling pathway to alleviate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of rats with chronic glomerulonephritis [12]. Xu et al. found that Rhein promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes by targeting estrogen receptors for skin ulcer treatment [13]. Therefore, Rhein has great potential for development and clinical application in the field of skin disease treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Rhein, the main active component of R. palmatum L., on skin wound healing and its therapeutic significance.

Thus, our research aimed to investigate whether Rhein promotes skin wound healing and analyze the potential regulatory mechanism, as to find a novel therapeutic agent for skin wound healing.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Animals and wound model of skin

The male C57 mice (6–8 weeks) were provided by the Hubei Beiente Biotechnology Co., Ltd, and housed in constant conditions of temperature, humidity, and light. The skin wound model was established by shaving the back hair of the mice after anesthesia with 1% pentobarbital. Two circular full-thickness skin excisions with a diameter of 5 mm were generated in the middle of the back or on each side of the spine under sterile conditions. All animal handling and experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Bestcell Model Biological Center (approval number: BSMS-2023-10-09D). Then, mice were injected with Rhein (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) around the wounds for 10 days to conduct Rhein models and untreated mice as normal controls. The wounds in each group were observed and imaged after 0, 4, 7, and 10 days. Wound areas were measured using ImageJ analysis software.

2.2 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining

In brief, the collected skin wound tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution (China National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Company, 80096618), dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, and embedded in paraffin to prepare 4 μm sections. Next, the slices were stained with hematoxylin for 3–10 min (Sigma, H9627-25G), differentiated with hydrochloric acid, and stained with eosin staining solution for 1–3 min (Siya reagent, D12621). After that, skin tissue sections were imaged using optical microscopy (OLYMPUS, CX21)

2.3 Masson trichrome staining

Collected skin wound tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution (China Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Company, 80096618), dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, and embedded in paraffin to prepare 4 μm sections. The sections were then preheated and stained with the mixture according to the instruction manual (Servicebio, G1006), followed by 1% glacial acetic acid differentiation for several seconds. After dehydration, the tissue sections were sealed and evaluated for collagen maturation using Masson trichrome staining.

2.4 Cell culture and treatment

Human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) were purchased from American type culture collection and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Procell) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Procell) in an incubator containing 5% CO2 at 37°C. Then, cells were treated with different concentrations of Rhein (12.5, 50, 100 μM). After that, the cells were acquired to conduct the following experiment.

2.5 Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay

After treatment, HSFs were inoculated into 96-well plates and cultured for 24 h. Then, each well was added with 10 μl CCK-8 solution and the cells were incubated for 1.5 h. The micro-plate reader (Diatek) was performed to measure the optical density (OD) at 450 nm following the direction to calculate the cell viability.

2.6 Wound-healing assay

After treatment, the HSFs were seeded in 96-well plates. Then lines were drawn evenly behind the 96-well plate with a marker. When the cells grow to nearly 90% confluence. The pipette tip was perpendicular to the drawn line to make a linear scratch. Then cells were washed with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) three times to remove the scratched cells. Then, the serum-free medium was added. Cells were cultured in an incubator containing 5% CO2 at 37°C and photographed at 0 and 24 h. The size of the wound gap was measured.

2.7 Transwell assay

After treatment, HSFs were incubated in a serum-free medium for starvation and seeded into the upper chamber of transwell chambers with Matrigel. After cultivating for 48 h, the remaining HSFs on the upper chamber were removed with a cotton swab. Then, cells adhering to the under surface of the membrane were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for 10 min. Cells were observed and counted in five fields under a microscope (Nikon, Japan).

2.8 Western blot assay

After treatment, HSFs were washed with ice-cold PBS, treated with RIPA buffer, and centrifuged. Proteins were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. After that, the membranes were incubated with 5% fat-free milk for 2 h and then immunoblotted with primary antibodies against p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, or GAPDH at 4°C overnight. Then, the membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with secondary antibodies for 2 h. The interest proteins were observed using enhanced chemiluminescence. The OD of the protein bands was quantified by ImageJ software.

2.9 Statistical analysis

All data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The differences were analyzed using Student’s t-test (two-tailed), and one-way analysis of variance. p < 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.

  1. Ethical approval: All animal handling and experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Bestcell Model Biological Center (approval number: BSMS-2023-10-09D).

3 Results

3.1 Rhein accelerated skin wound healing in mice

To investigate the influence of Rhein on skin wound healing, we analyzed wound healing in four groups of mice that were infused with PBS, 25, 50, or 100 μg/ml Rhein around the wound sites. As presented in Figure 1a, Rhein remarkably enhanced wound healing rate in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the model group. Moreover, mice treated with 100 μg/ml Rhein revealed greater wound healing than that in the other three groups at days 4, 7, and 10 post-wounding (Figure 1b; p < 0.05). Our data revealed that Rhein promoted skin wound healing in mice.

Figure 1 Rhein accelerated cutaneous wound healing in mice. (a) Representative diagram of skin wounds in Rhein-treated mice. (b) Gross view of wound closure in Rhein-treated mice on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 after wounding. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Figure 1

Rhein accelerated cutaneous wound healing in mice. (a) Representative diagram of skin wounds in Rhein-treated mice. (b) Gross view of wound closure in Rhein-treated mice on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 after wounding. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

3.2 Rhein promoted epithelialization in mice

Moreover, the results of H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining showed that Rhein sensibly promoted re-epithelialization at day 14 post-wounding, as confirmed by the highest wound healing rate, most follicles and largest collagen precipitation areas, as opposed to the Model groups (Figure 2). These results suggested that Rhein has the effect of promoting skin wound healing.

Figure 2 Rhein promoted epithelialization in mice. (a) H&E staining of wound sections. (b) Collagen maturity was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.
Figure 2

Rhein promoted epithelialization in mice. (a) H&E staining of wound sections. (b) Collagen maturity was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.

3.3 Rhein-activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway in mice skin tissues

To further explain the potential mechanisms of Rhein in promoting skin wound healing, a Western blot assay was conducted to detect p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT expression in skin wound healing mice after Rhein treatment for 10 days. As displayed in Figure 3a–c, Rhein enhanced p-PI3K and p-AKT expression (Figure 3a), as well as promoted p-PI3K/PI3K (Figure 3b; p < 0.05) and p-AKT/AKT ratio (Figure 3c; p < 0.01), suggesting that Rhein promoted skin wound healing by activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Figure 3 Effects of Rhein on PI3K/AKT signal pathway in cutaneous wound mice. (a) Western blot analysis of p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. (b and c) Quantification of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Model.
Figure 3

Effects of Rhein on PI3K/AKT signal pathway in cutaneous wound mice. (a) Western blot analysis of p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. (b and c) Quantification of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Model.

3.4 Rhein promoted HSF proliferation in a dose-dependent manner

To determine the roles of Rhein in skin wound healing in vitro, we cultivated HSFs in vitro with Rhein at a concentration of 12.5, 50, and 100 μM. Subsequently, HSF cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. As displayed in Figure 4, compared with the control, Rhein promoted HSF cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Collectively, Rhein regulated HSF cell proliferation.

Figure 4 Effects of Rhein on HSF proliferation. HSF cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.
Figure 4

Effects of Rhein on HSF proliferation. HSF cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.

3.5 Rhein promoted HSF migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner

In addition, we determined the effects of Rhein on HSF migration and invasion. We cultivated HSFs in vitro with Rhein at a concentration of 12.5, 50, and 100 μM, scratch wound and transwell assay were applied to detect HSF migration and invasion. Our data demonstrated that compared with the control, Rhein promoted HSF cell migration and invasion (Figure 5a–d; all p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Our results above demonstrated that Rhein promoted HSF proliferation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner.

Figure 5 Effects of Rhein on HSF migration and invasion. (a) Scratch assay was conducted to detect HSF cell migration. (b) Quantitative analysis of the migration rate of HSFs. (c) Transwell assay was carried out to determine HSF cell invasion. (d) Number of invasive HSF cells was displayed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.
Figure 5

Effects of Rhein on HSF migration and invasion. (a) Scratch assay was conducted to detect HSF cell migration. (b) Quantitative analysis of the migration rate of HSFs. (c) Transwell assay was carried out to determine HSF cell invasion. (d) Number of invasive HSF cells was displayed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.

3.6 Rhein promoted HSF proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT signal pathway

The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was reported to play a vital role in cell viability, migration, and invasion [14]. We also determined the protein expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in Rhein-treated HSFs. Results from Western blot assay suggested that Rhein had remarkably increased p-PI3K and p-AKT expression (Figure 6a), as well as p-PI3K/PI3K (Figure 6b; p < 0.01) and p-AKT/AKT ratio (Figure 6c; p < 0.01) in HSF cells, in comparison of the control group (Figure 6a–c), indicating that Rhein regulated HSF cells bio-activity by activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Figure 6 Effects of Rhein on PI3K/AKT signal pathway in HSF cells. (a) Detection of p-PI3K and p-AKT expression using Western blot analysis. (b and c) Quantification of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.
Figure 6

Effects of Rhein on PI3K/AKT signal pathway in HSF cells. (a) Detection of p-PI3K and p-AKT expression using Western blot analysis. (b and c) Quantification of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs control.

4 Discussion

Skin wounds are often caused by various factors, including surgery, disease, or exercise-related injuries. Wound healing is a complex and lengthy process involving cell proliferation and migration, collagen fibers, and epidermal tissue formation [15]. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that skin wound healing requires a well-orchestrated integration of cell migration and proliferation, collagen synthesis and deposition, angiogenesis, and wound remodeling. For instance, Qin et al. revealed that histone deacetylase 6 promotes skin wound healing by regulating fibroblast migration and differentiation in aged mice [16]. However, there is currently limited research on the exact molecular mechanism of skin wounds. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms related to the behavior of human skin fibroblasts is beneficial for discovering new therapeutic strategies for skin wounds.

R. palmatum L., a common traditional Chinese medicine, has multiple actions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities [17]. Rhein is a natural anthraquinone compound, which exists in a variety of medicinal plants and has a variety of pharmacological activities [18]. The pharmacological effects of Rhein and its derivatives have received extensive attention in the field of scientific research. Ma et al. suggested that Rhein inhibits malignant phenotypes of human renal cell carcinoma by impacting MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathways [19]. A report from Zhang et al. demonstrated that Rhein inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth by inhibiting the mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo [20]. Besides, Xu et al. revealed that Rhein promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes by targeting estrogen receptors for skin ulcer treatment [13]. However, whether Rhein was involved in the progression of the skin wound has not been fully validated. Thus, our research was carried out with the aim of illustrating the latent mechanism of Rhein in the proliferation and migration of HSFs, as well as skin wound mice.

To explore the functions of Rhein in wound healing, we conducted a skin wound model and injected Rhein into the wound skin tissues of mice for 10 days. Then, we assessed wound healing in four groups of mice that were exposed to different concentrations of Rhein. Results from histological assessment of the wound suggested that Rhein remarkably enhanced the wound healing rate in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control group. Gong et al. suggested that lentivirus-mediated subcutaneous JAM-A modification promotes skin wound healing in a mouse model by strengthening the secretory function and proliferation of fibroblasts [21]. Our results verified that Rhein would promote wound healing with a higher wound closure rate, less fibroblast formation, and more collagen deposition.

Currently, investigations on skin wound-associated signaling pathways mainly focus on the AKT/mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the NF-kappaB pathway [22,23]. Xiu et al. have suggested that MSC-derived miR-150-5p-expressing exosomes stimulate skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway [24]. Yu et al. also suggested that insulin promoted macrophage phenotype transition through PI3K/AKT signaling during diabetic wound healing [25]. Thus, we speculated whether Rhein promotes skin wound healing by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The results of the current study revealed that Rhein could activate the PI3K/AKT pathway in both the skin tissue of skin wound mice, demonstrating that Rhein stimulated skin wound healing through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Increasing research has found that cellular bio-activities play a key role in a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and skin wound healing. To further explain the mechanism by which Rhein regulates the skin wound, different concentrations of Rhein were cultured with HSF cells, and our data indicated that Rhein remarkably increased the HSF cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further functional assay revealed that Rhein remarkably activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in HSF cells.

These in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated for the first time that Rhein promoted skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to stimulate HSF cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, revealing that the application of Rhein may provide new views for therapy to promote skin wound healing.

Acknowledgments

Not applicable.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang 2021 Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Research Project (grant no. ZX02).

  2. Author contributions: Dong Yang contributed to the study design, data collection, statistical analysis, data interpretation, and manuscript preparation. Wei Li, Ping Xiang, Tingrui Ge, and Huazhuan Li contributed to data collection and statistical analysis. Yonggang Zhang contributed to statistical analysis and manuscript preparation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-10-07
Revised: 2024-11-08
Accepted: 2024-11-25
Published Online: 2024-12-19

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
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  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
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  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
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  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
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  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
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  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
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  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
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  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
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  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
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  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
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  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
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  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
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  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
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  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
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  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
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  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
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  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
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https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-1116
Keywords for this article
Rhein; skin wound healing; PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
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  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
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