Home Research on attenuation motion test at oblique incidence based on double-N six-light-screen system
Article Open Access

Research on attenuation motion test at oblique incidence based on double-N six-light-screen system

  • Xiaodong Yang EMAIL logo , Hai Li , Qunfeng Dong and Shenhe Ren
Published/Copyright: December 31, 2022
Download Article (PDF)
Open Physics
From the journal Open Physics Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

To improve the photoelectric test accuracy of moving objects, in this study, the speed attenuation caused by air resistance was introduced into the double-N six-light-screen test system, and the test system was theoretically analyzed through oblique incidence with field experiment for verification. It was found in the study that the optimal test values for yaw angle, pitch angle, axial speed, and distance could be obtained by selecting the pulse time origin at the center of two light screen groups. In addition, mud pellets were used for field experiments to effectively verify the simulation results. In a new model, the test accuracy of yaw angle and pitch angle was greatly improved when compared with traditional processing methods, but the laws of error distribution remained almost unchanged. The error of axial speed showed monotonicity as affected by the pitch angle. At the same time, the error of test distance remained symmetric with the improved accuracy, thereby meeting the statistical test requirements for small-volume moving objects.

Keywords: speed attenuation; oblique incidence; pulse time axis; photoelectric test system; Yaw angle; pitch angle

1 Introduction

Air resistance is an important factor affecting the motion speed attenuation of objects [1,2], and the attenuation coefficient directly reflects the degree of speed attenuation. Therefore, the laws of speed change in moving objects can be analyzed by the real-time changes in attenuation coefficient. An in-depth analysis of the laws of speed attenuation can help improve the theoretical accuracy of the photoelectric test system.

The double-N six-light-screen system [3,4] is a typical passive photoelectric test device for accuracy testing on motion speed and motion trajectory of objects with natural background light as a light source. When an object passes through the system’s light screens, a time pulse signal will be generated as the flux of light into the diaphragm is changed to calibrate the passing time. Plane parametric equations were used to find out the trajectory and speed of the object’s motion, while the yaw angle and pitch angle reflected the object’s spatial angles of motion. Traditional processing methods of the test system do not take into account the speed attenuation caused by air resistance and approximate the motion to be uniform rectilinear, in order to establish photoelectric test models for different screen structures [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. In recent years, light-screen test systems have slowly developed and few of them have been improved and optimized through theoretical errors of the test. The speed attenuation of moving objects is one of the important factors that cause theoretical errors, so it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis on this subject.

Using oblique incidence as an example, in this study, the attenuation coefficient was introduced into the double-N six-light-screen system. It was found from the test results that the differences in the origin selection for the coordinate axis of pulse time would directly affect the test accuracy of the system. Mass data were organized and sorted to find the optimal position of origin selection for the coordinate axis, which was verified by theoretical simulations and field experiments. This study is of great practical significance for the optimization of photoelectric test systems for moving objects.

2 Methodology

The double-N six-light-screen system is composed of two three-light-screen groups. For the convenience of calculation, the two light-screen groups [12] are usually adjusted at the same height, as shown in Figure 1. When a moving object passed through this test system, six pulse signals were generated through each light screen to calibrate the passing time of the corresponding screen. Plane parametric equations were built to find this out by testing several physical quantities such as angle of motion, speed, and distance.

Figure 1 Screen side view of double-N six-light-screen.
Figure 1

Screen side view of double-N six-light-screen.

When testing the system, it is generally considered that the vertical displacement deviation caused by gravity can be neglected in a limited test interval, while the trajectory of motion is regarded as rectilinear. In traditional methods, speed attenuation caused by air resistance is neglected, and the objects are regarded to be moving uniformly. With respect to objects moving at a high speed, especially those with a large windward area, it is considered that they have uniform speed, and will therefore result in significant theoretical errors. When an object with m as the mass and S as the windward area moves in the air, air resistance will cause the moving object to accelerate in an opposite direction, and the accelerated speed will be affected by the resistance coefficient C [13].

(1) a = C ρ S v 2 2 m ,

where ρ refers to the air density and v refers to the instantaneous speed of the moving object, while B = C ρ S 2 m is the speed attenuation coefficient. It was found in this study that when the initial speed of object motion v 0 was less than the speed of sound, the resistance coefficient was almost unchanged and could be regarded as a constant under normal conditions. The time integral was calculated by both sides of the above equation as follows:

(2) v = 1 C ρ St 2 m + 1 v 0 .

If the test distance is S 0 , the attenuation coefficient can be expressed as follows:

(3) B = 1 S 0 × ln v 0 v ' ,

where v ' refers to the end speed. The attenuation coefficient directly reflects the initial conditions of the flying test on objects and is critical for determining the real-time speed and time of the target fall.

In the traditional processing of the double-N six-light-screen system, the origin is generally selected on the first screen, and the pulse time axis perpendicular to the first screen is used to indicate the pulse time of passage through each light screen. In order to fit the measurement position of the initial velocity v 0, sometimes the coordinate origin is set in the determined position in front of the first scene, with the common distance of 2 and 4 m. Then, through the calculation of the plan parametric equations, the parameters of moving objects to be tested are finally obtained. When the speed attenuation was taken into account and, referring to numerous theoretical studies and data tests, the time origin was selected at the distance center of two light screen groups and the azimuth of the pulse time axis remained unchanged, the analysis results would be more accurate, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of azimuth selection for the pulse time origin of double-N six-light-screen system.
Figure 2

Schematic diagram of azimuth selection for the pulse time origin of double-N six-light-screen system.

In the new model with the origin at the distance center of two light-screen groups, when an object is obliquely incident on the first screen at ±5° in both yaw direction and pitch direction, the test error in axial speed of the moving object with the changes in the distance between the two light-screen groups is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Influence of pulse time axis coordinates and distance between light-screen groups on the test error of axial speed.
Figure 3

Influence of pulse time axis coordinates and distance between light-screen groups on the test error of axial speed.

It was seen that when it was closer to the origin of the pulse axis, the test error of axial speed was smaller, and the minimum error was at the origin. In contrast, the changes in distance between the light-screen groups had almost no effect on the axial speed. When the distance between the light-screen groups was set to 4 m, a commonly set distance in field experiments, the influences of yaw angle and pitch angle on the test error in axial speed of the moving object are shown in Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 4 Influence of yaw angle on the test error of axial speed.
Figure 4

Influence of yaw angle on the test error of axial speed.

Figure 5 Influence of pitch angle on the test error of axial speed.
Figure 5

Influence of pitch angle on the test error of axial speed.

The simulation results show that the yaw angle and pitch angle of a moving object had almost no influence on the axial speed in the smaller angle range, and the minimum error was still at the origin of the pulse axis. The establishment of the pulse axis and the selection of the origin would cause differences in the plane parametric equations corresponding to the system and lead to different test results eventually obtained. In the new model, the error distribution of axial speed showed good regularity, so multiple sets of data could be obtained by adjusting the axial distance of light-screen groups in the process of field building for the system in order to conduct a comprehensive analysis. Moreover, due to the multiple instabilities of the emitter, inevitably, there will be some random angle errors in the yaw direction and pitch direction. An in-depth study of test parameter errors is conducive to the comprehensive performance analysis of the system.

3 Experimental procedures

To facilitate the observation of the laws of error distribution, the initial condition was set as B = 0.002 m − 1 , and the initial speed was set as v 0 = 100 m s − 1 , while the distance between the two light-screen groups was set as 4 m . When the adjustment range of the pitch angle was ±5° and that of the yaw angle was ±20°, the errors of traditional processing methods in the test angle are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

Figure 6 Error of yaw angle in a traditional model.
Figure 6

Error of yaw angle in a traditional model.

Figure 7 Error of pitch angle in a traditional model.
Figure 7

Error of pitch angle in a traditional model.

The error of yaw angle was almost unaffected by the pitch angle and increased with an increasing yaw angle. The error of pitch angle was very weakly affected by the yaw angle. The error of pitch angle within the range of yaw angle ±20° and pitch angle ±5° only showed a weakening fluctuation of 0.01°, which was not symmetrical in the pitch direction. In the process of oblique incidence at a small angle during the field experiment, the error of pitch angle caused by the yaw angle was generally ignored to simplify the processing. As the pitch angle increases, the error of pitch angle increases. Furthermore, the laws of angle error distribution were nearly the same as in the event of normal incidence of an object. The distributions of test angle errors when a new model was adopted and the initial conditions remained unchanged are shown in Figures 8 and 9.

Figure 8 Error of yaw angle in a new model.
Figure 8

Error of yaw angle in a new model.

Figure 9 Error of pitch angle in a new model.
Figure 9

Error of pitch angle in a new model.

The curved surface distribution patterns of these two processing methods with respect to angle fluctuations were extremely similar. Although the angular errors in these two directions in a new model showed no obvious statistical rules, the errors could be controlled at the degree of 10 − 7 within the same range of incidence angle, and the test accuracy was significantly improved.

While an object was approximated to be moving uniformly in a straight line in the screen test range, which meant that the speed attenuation caused by air resistance was neglected, the error of axial speed at oblique incidence with traditional processing methods reached the magnitude of 10 − 2 m s − 1 , and the error of test distance reached the magnitude of a few tenths of a meter. When the initial conditions remained the same as above, traditional methods of processing were still adopted after the introduction of the attenuation coefficient. In addition, the errors of speed and distance were observed, as shown in Figures 10 and 11.

Figure 10 Error of axial speed in a traditional model.
Figure 10

Error of axial speed in a traditional model.

Figure 11 Error of test distance in a traditional model.
Figure 11

Error of test distance in a traditional model.

It could be seen from the figures above that the errors of axial speed and distance could be improved by 1–2 orders of magnitude within the set angle range, and the influence of pitch angle on these two types of errors was relatively weak. At a yaw angle of 0°, the minimum values of errors in axial speed and distance could be obtained, and the two types of errors gradually increased with the increase in the yaw angle. With a test distance of 8 m , the relative error of axial speed was not higher than 0.01, while that of test distance was not higher than 0.008 . When the range selection for the angle of incidence and the initial conditions remained unchanged, the new model was adopted for processing, and the errors of axial speed and distance are shown in Figures 12 and 13.

Figure 12 Error of axial speed in a new model.
Figure 12

Error of axial speed in a new model.

Figure 13 Error of test distance in a new model.
Figure 13

Error of test distance in a new model.

In the new model, the error of axial speed was mainly affected by the pitch angle and showed monotonicity, while the yaw angle had almost no effect on the error of axial speed. Within the angle range, the error of axial speed was three orders of magnitude higher than that in traditional processing methods, and the error of distance was about six orders of magnitude higher than that in traditional processing methods with extremely similar laws of error distribution to those in traditional methods. The minimum error was still at a yaw angle of 0°. Taking the test distance of 8 m as an example, the relative error of the test distance was not higher than 0.2 × 10 − 7 , which could ensure the test accuracy of small-volume moving objects.

To effectively verify the simulation results, many field experiments were carried out on sunny and windless days. Spherical mud pellets were selected as the test objects for such experiments, and the mass and windward area were changed to analyze the errors of screen coordinates and speed, intuitively reflecting the advantages of the new model compared with traditional processing methods. In the event that the selected distance between light-screen groups remained unchanged, the initial conditions were used to find the real-time attenuation coefficient based on Formula (3). With 3,966 mm as the distance between light-screen groups, 78.5 mm2 as the windward area of mud pellets, and 5° as both the incident yaw angle and pitch angle, the average values of the pulse time calibration and B obtained through traditional processing methods for six screens are shown in Table 1. The test coordinates were compared with the reference standard values obtained through vertical plane coordinates to find out the horizontal and vertical positional deviations. Meanwhile, the test speed of the mud pellets was compared to the reference standard value of speed obtained by theoretical derivation to find the relative speed deviation, as shown in Table 2.

Table 1

Average values of pulse time calibration and B in a traditional model

S No t 1 (s) t 2 (s) t 3 (s) t 4 (s) t 5 (s) t 6 (s) B (m −1)
1 0 1.659 3.102 33.441 37.105 39.593 0.011
2 0 2.871 5.978 37.182 42.118 45.866 0.009
3 0 2.656 4.543 33.674 38.826 41.574 0.010
4 0 3.022 5.525 32.974 35.974 38.221 0.009
5 0 2.996 4.916 34.182 39.014 43.003 0.009
6 0 2.737 5.881 35.733 39.855 32.957 0.010
7 0 2.953 5.638 32.359 36.638 39.843 0.011
8 0 3.468 5.912 35.988 39.736 42.088 0.012
Table 2

Statistics of test data corresponding to Table 1

S No x m (mm) y m (mm) x 0 (mm) y 0 (mm) δx (mm) δy (mm) v m (m s−1) v 0 (m s−1) δv (m s−1)
1 −110.0 −170.8 −297.5 −318.5 −7.30 2.90 99.91 99.90 −0.01
2 172.3 −298.7 −25.0 −437.0 2.50 −6.50 135.95 135.97 0.02
3 348.2 −144.0 143.0 −294.0 10.40 5.20 125.61 125.62 0.01
4 373.3 −56.2 171.5 −203.5 7.00 2.50 130.07 130.11 0.04
5 −71.7 119.3 −273.5 −33.0 7.00 7.50 132.85 132.88 0.03
6 237.8 128.4 39.0 −26.0 4.00 9.60 124.94 124.92 −0.02
7 −204.9 18.9 −394.0 −132.0 −5.70 6.10 123.84 123.81 −0.03
8 206.7 −118.5 15.0 −264.0 −3.10 0.70 125.18 125.19 0.01

In Table 2, δx and δy refer to the horizontal positional deviation and vertical positional deviation, respectively, obtained by subtracting the statistical average from the difference between the test value and the reference standard value. Δv refers to the difference between the test speed and the reference standard speed. Under the same setting conditions, the new model was adopted for recalibration of the pulse time, and the average value of B was calculated, as shown in Table 3. The test coordinates and speed were compared with the corresponding standard values to find the relative deviations, as shown in Table 4.

Table 3

Values of pulse time calibration and B in the new model

S No t 1 ' ( s ) t 2 ' ( s ) ( s ) t c ( s ) t 4 ' ( s ) t 5 ' ( s ) ( s ) B (m−1)
1 −21.325 −19.012 −16.929 0 15.371 18.123 20.602 0.010
2 −24.063 −19.345 −17.583 0 15.988 18.662 21.113 0.011
3 −24.445 −21.037 −18.681 0 17.723 20.506 23.486 0.013
4 −25.817 −22.164 −17.334 0 15.962 19.054 21.502 0.010
5 −26.008 −22.869 −19.812 0 18.775 20.979 23.476 0.009
6 −27.986 −24.641 −20.044 0 18.847 21.351 23.817 0.009
7 −30.162 −27.513 −23.979 0 22.152 25.657 28.003 0.009
8 −24.579 −21.991 −18.653 0 16.867 19.206 21.819 0.011
Table 4

Statistics of test data corresponding to Table 3

S No ( mm ) y m ' ( mm ) x 0 ' ( mm ) y 0 ' ( mm ) δ x ' (mm) δ y ' (mm) v m ' ( m s − 1 ) v 0 ' ( m s − 1 ) δ v ' ( m s − 1 )
1 −106.361 −209.468 −297.5 −318.5 −1.76 5.73 99.911 99.912 0.001
2 166.623 −334.385 −25.0 −437.0 −1.28 −0.68 135.965 135.965 0
3 334.081 −186.931 143.0 −294.0 −1.82 3.77 125.617 125.616 −0.001
4 362.271 −105.136 171.5 −203.5 −2.13 −4.94 130.076 130.077 0.001
5 −71.384 71.681 −273.5 −33.0 9.22 1.38 132.846 132.846 0
6 228.523 73.652 39.0 −26.0 −3.38 −3.65 124.932 124.932 0
7 −195.774 −27.941 −394.0 −132.0 5.33 0.76 123.837 123.839 0.002
8 204.341 −161.065 15.0 −264.0 −3.56 −0.37 125.184 125.183 −0.001

From experimental data, it was clear that the test results obtained by the new model were more accurate than those obtained by the traditional method. As the field experiments were affected by more complicated external factors, it was inevitable that there would be some deviations between the data obtained and the theoretical values, but the new model could still show significant advantages. The horizontal and vertical average positional deviations in the traditional model were 6.51 and 4.96 mm, and the difference between the test speed and the reference standard speed was 0.00625 on average, while the horizontal and vertical average positional deviations in the new model were 4.63 and 3.53 mm, effectively improving the error of the test distance, and the difference between the test speed and the reference standard speed was 0.00025 on average, one order of magnitude higher than the traditional method. To conveniently, quickly, and intuitively verify the test accuracy of yaw angle and pitch angle, the photovoltaic conversion data acquisition and analysis system could be used to visualize the test results, and the system test interface is shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14 Interface of photovoltaic conversion data acquisition and analysis system.
Figure 14

Interface of photovoltaic conversion data acquisition and analysis system.

In Figure 14, t0–t 6 correspond to seven pulse times, respectively; B is the attenuation coefficient; L is the distance between two light-screen groups; S is the distance from the receiving light screen to the second screen; h is the height difference between two light-screen groups; x and y are the abscissa and ordinate of the receiving light screen, respectively; v is the velocity of the object.

To sum up, the experimental data remained highly consistent with the theoretical simulation results, which could verify the advantages of the new model when processing test data. To ensure method optimization, in addition to the calibration of the pulse time origin in the traditional and new models, positions were selected randomly on the pulse axis, and the obtained test results could not meet the requirements of the new model, with a large difference in accuracy.

4 Conclusion

With the oblique incidence of the double-N six-light-screen test system taking into account the speed attenuation, there will be relatively significant differences between the parameters to be tested with the differences in position selection for the pulse time origin. It was eventually found that the minimum error for test parameters can be obtained through the new processing method with the pulse time origin at the center of two light screens. Through theoretical simulation and comparison, it is concluded in this study that the errors of yaw angle and pitch angle obtained by the new model were 7–8 orders of magnitude higher than those obtained by the traditional method, but the laws of error fluctuation remain unchanged in general. Furthermore, the error of axial speed was improved by 2–3 orders of magnitude, showing monotonicity with the changes in pitch angle. The error of distance was increased by 5–6 orders of magnitude, showing apparent symmetry centered on zero value of yaw angle. To verify the theoretical values, mud pellets of different masses and windward areas were used for field experiments at an oblique incidence of 5° in yaw and pitch directions, and the obtained laws were consistent with the theoretical analysis. It can be seen that the establishment and solution of plane parametric equations for the photoelectric test system of moving objects are highly dependent on the calibration of pulse time.

With the in-depth study on the test of moving objects by light-screen systems, in addition to considering the speed attenuation caused by air resistance, other factors such as object rotation, gas pressure difference, and temperature will be introduced into the analysis of the test system in the future, making the photoelectric test system more accurate.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by the Key Cultivation Project of Scientific Research Program of Xianyang Normal University (Grant No. XSYK21040).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

References

[1] Huang C, Liu Z, Liu ZX, Hao CL, Li DJ, Luo K. Motion characteristics of high-speed supercavitating projectiles including structural deformation. Energies. 2022;15(1):1–7.10.3390/en15051933Search in Google Scholar

[2] Astakhov SA, Biriukov VI. Problems of ensuring the acceleration dynamics of aircraft during track tests at a speed of 1600 m/s. Incas Bull. 2020;12(S):33–42.10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.S.3Search in Google Scholar

[3] Li H, Ni JP, Yang XD, Dong QF. Test influence of screen thickness on Double-N Six-light-screen sky screen target. Open Phys. 2022;19(1):1–8.10.1515/phys-2022-0010Search in Google Scholar

[4] Chen R, Ni JP, Liu JL. Uncertainty analysis of coordinate measurement of Six-light-screen array sky screen vertical target based on engineering model. Acta Armamentarii. 2019;40(3):612–20.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Li H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Lu L. Detection sensitivity correction calculation model and application of photoelectric detection target in Four-screen intersection testing system. Measurement. 2021;177(3):109281.10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109281Search in Google Scholar

[6] Liu YW, Jiang M, Zhang ZY, Li Y. Study on aerodynamic characteristics of projectile in plateau based on shooting test. J Ordnance Equip Eng. 2019;40(6):1–4.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Wu Z, Zhang X. On-sate calibration method of target distance of the sky screen target velocity measuring system. Optik. 2019;178:483–7.10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.09.150Search in Google Scholar

[8] Dong T, Ni JP. Measurement principle of six-light-screen vertical target based on sky screen. J Appl Opt. 2011;32(5):913–6.10.5768/JAO202142.0507001Search in Google Scholar

[9] Cheng-Gang LU, Wang YJ, Yao ZJ, Zhang L, Fan B. Attack angle measurement of projectile with multi-linear array photoelectric vertical target. Transducer Microsyst Technol. 2016;35(5):32–5.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Shi L. Research on the Technology of Integrated Receiving-Transmitting Laser Screens. Xi’an: Xi’an Technological University; 2010.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Zhang YW, Zhang S, Zhang MY, Zhang HZ. Intelligent light screen target coordinate measurement system, CN210570247U; 2020.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ni JP. Technol application Meas Light Screen Array. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press; 2014. p. 176–85.Search in Google Scholar

[13] Liu PQ. Aerodynamics. Beijing, China: Science Press; 2022. p. 35–61.10.1007/978-981-19-4586-1Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2022-08-26
Revised: 2022-12-14
Accepted: 2022-12-15
Published Online: 2022-12-31

© 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Test influence of screen thickness on double-N six-light-screen sky screen target
  3. Analysis on the speed properties of the shock wave in light curtain
  4. Abundant accurate analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the positive Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
  5. Measured distribution of cloud chamber tracks from radioactive decay: A new empirical approach to investigating the quantum measurement problem
  6. Nuclear radiation detection based on the convolutional neural network under public surveillance scenarios
  7. Effect of process parameters on density and mechanical behaviour of a selective laser melted 17-4PH stainless steel alloy
  8. Performance evaluation of self-mixing interferometer with the ceramic type piezoelectric accelerometers
  9. Effect of geometry error on the non-Newtonian flow in the ceramic microchannel molded by SLA
  10. Numerical investigation of ozone decomposition by self-excited oscillation cavitation jet
  11. Modeling electrostatic potential in FDSOI MOSFETS: An approach based on homotopy perturbations
  12. Modeling analysis of microenvironment of 3D cell mechanics based on machine vision
  13. Numerical solution for two-dimensional partial differential equations using SM’s method
  14. Multiple velocity composition in the standard synchronization
  15. Electroosmotic flow for Eyring fluid with Navier slip boundary condition under high zeta potential in a parallel microchannel
  16. Soliton solutions of Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas dynamical equation via modified mathematical methods
  17. Performance evaluation of a high-performance offshore cementing wastes accelerating agent
  18. Sapphire irradiation by phosphorus as an approach to improve its optical properties
  19. A physical model for calculating cementing quality based on the XGboost algorithm
  20. Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of stress concentration distribution at the typical slots for stiffeners
  21. An analytical model for solute transport from blood to tissue
  22. Finite-size effects in one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensation of photons
  23. Drying kinetics of Pleurotus eryngii slices during hot air drying
  24. Computer-aided measurement technology for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell characteristics
  25. QCD phase diagram in a finite volume in the PNJL model
  26. Study on abundant analytical solutions of the new coupled Konno–Oono equation in the magnetic field
  27. Experimental analysis of a laser beam propagating in angular turbulence
  28. Numerical investigation of heat transfer in the nanofluids under the impact of length and radius of carbon nanotubes
  29. Multiple rogue wave solutions of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation
  30. Optical properties and thermal stability of the H+-implanted Dy3+/Tm3+-codoped GeS2–Ga2S3–PbI2 chalcohalide glass waveguide
  31. Nonlinear dynamics for different nonautonomous wave structure solutions
  32. Numerical analysis of bioconvection-MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes and thermal radiation: New iterative method
  33. Modeling extreme value data with an upside down bathtub-shaped failure rate model
  34. Abundant optical soliton structures to the Fokas system arising in monomode optical fibers
  35. Analysis of the partially ionized kerosene oil-based ternary nanofluid flow over a convectively heated rotating surface
  36. Multiple-scale analysis of the parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts
  37. Magnetofluid unsteady electroosmotic flow of Jeffrey fluid at high zeta potential in parallel microchannels
  38. Effect of plasma-activated water on microbial quality and physicochemical properties of fresh beef
  39. The finite element modeling of the impacting process of hard particles on pump components
  40. Analysis of respiratory mechanics models with different kernels
  41. Extended warranty decision model of failure dependence wind turbine system based on cost-effectiveness analysis
  42. Breather wave and double-periodic soliton solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
  43. First-principle calculation of electronic structure and optical properties of (P, Ga, P–Ga) doped graphene
  44. Numerical simulation of nanofluid flow between two parallel disks using 3-stage Lobatto III-A formula
  45. Optimization method for detection a flying bullet
  46. Angle error control model of laser profilometer contact measurement
  47. Numerical study on flue gas–liquid flow with side-entering mixing
  48. Travelling waves solutions of the KP equation in weakly dispersive media
  49. Characterization of damage morphology of structural SiO2 film induced by nanosecond pulsed laser
  50. A study of generalized hypergeometric Matrix functions via two-parameter Mittag–Leffler matrix function
  51. Study of the length and influencing factors of air plasma ignition time
  52. Analysis of parametric effects in the wave profile of the variant Boussinesq equation through two analytical approaches
  53. The nonlinear vibration and dispersive wave systems with extended homoclinic breather wave solutions
  54. Generalized notion of integral inequalities of variables
  55. The seasonal variation in the polarization (Ex/Ey) of the characteristic wave in ionosphere plasma
  56. Impact of COVID 19 on the demand for an inventory model under preservation technology and advance payment facility
  57. Approximate solution of linear integral equations by Taylor ordering method: Applied mathematical approach
  58. Exploring the new optical solitons to the time-fractional integrable generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger system via three different methods
  59. Irreversibility analysis in time-dependent Darcy–Forchheimer flow of viscous fluid with diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects
  60. Double diffusion in a combined cavity occupied by a nanofluid and heterogeneous porous media
  61. NTIM solution of the fractional order parabolic partial differential equations
  62. Jointly Rayleigh lifetime products in the presence of competing risks model
  63. Abundant exact solutions of higher-order dispersion variable coefficient KdV equation
  64. Laser cutting tobacco slice experiment: Effects of cutting power and cutting speed
  65. Performance evaluation of common-aperture visible and long-wave infrared imaging system based on a comprehensive resolution
  66. Diesel engine small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm based on STFT time–frequency image and hyperparameter autonomous optimization deep convolutional network improved by PSO–GWO–BPNN surrogate model
  67. Analyses of electrokinetic energy conversion for periodic electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) nanofluid through the rectangular microchannel under the Hall effects
  68. Propagation properties of cosh-Airy beams in an inhomogeneous medium with Gaussian PT-symmetric potentials
  69. Dynamics investigation on a Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with variable coefficients
  70. Study on fine characterization and reconstruction modeling of porous media based on spatially-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance technology
  71. Optimal block replacement policy for two-dimensional products considering imperfect maintenance with improved Salp swarm algorithm
  72. A hybrid forecasting model based on the group method of data handling and wavelet decomposition for monthly rivers streamflow data sets
  73. Hybrid pencil beam model based on photon characteristic line algorithm for lung radiotherapy in small fields
  74. Surface waves on a coated incompressible elastic half-space
  75. Radiation dose measurement on bone scintigraphy and planning clinical management
  76. Lie symmetry analysis for generalized short pulse equation
  77. Spectroscopic characteristics and dissociation of nitrogen trifluoride under external electric fields: Theoretical study
  78. Cross electromagnetic nanofluid flow examination with infinite shear rate viscosity and melting heat through Skan-Falkner wedge
  79. Convection heat–mass transfer of generalized Maxwell fluid with radiation effect, exponential heating, and chemical reaction using fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives
  80. Weak nonlinear analysis of nanofluid convection with g-jitter using the Ginzburg--Landau model
  81. Strip waveguides in Yb3+-doped silicate glass formed by combination of He+ ion implantation and precise ultrashort pulse laser ablation
  82. Best selected forecasting models for COVID-19 pandemic
  83. Research on attenuation motion test at oblique incidence based on double-N six-light-screen system
  84. Review Articles
  85. Progress in epitaxial growth of stanene
  86. Review and validation of photovoltaic solar simulation tools/software based on case study
  87. Brief Report
  88. The Debye–Scherrer technique – rapid detection for applications
  89. Rapid Communication
  90. Radial oscillations of an electron in a Coulomb attracting field
  91. Special Issue on Novel Numerical and Analytical Techniques for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Type - Part II
  92. The exact solutions of the stochastic fractional-space Allen–Cahn equation
  93. Propagation of some new traveling wave patterns of the double dispersive equation
  94. A new modified technique to study the dynamics of fractional hyperbolic-telegraph equations
  95. An orthotropic thermo-viscoelastic infinite medium with a cylindrical cavity of temperature dependent properties via MGT thermoelasticity
  96. Modeling of hepatitis B epidemic model with fractional operator
  97. Special Issue on Transport phenomena and thermal analysis in micro/nano-scale structure surfaces - Part III
  98. Investigation of effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics with various pore densities
  99. Nonlocal magneto-thermoelastic infinite half-space due to a periodically varying heat flow under Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative heat equation
  100. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of DPF porous media with different structures based on LBM
  101. Homotopy analysis method with application to thin-film flow of couple stress fluid through a vertical cylinder
  102. Special Issue on Advanced Topics on the Modelling and Assessment of Complicated Physical Phenomena - Part II
  103. Asymptotic analysis of hepatitis B epidemic model using Caputo Fabrizio fractional operator
  104. Influence of chemical reaction on MHD Newtonian fluid flow on vertical plate in porous medium in conjunction with thermal radiation
  105. Structure of analytical ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions for the dynamical system of nonlinear wave propagation
  106. Evaluation of ESBL resistance dynamics in Escherichia coli isolates by mathematical modeling
  107. On theoretical analysis of nonlinear fractional order partial Benney equations under nonsingular kernel
  108. The solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations by using a novel technique
  109. Modelling and graphing the Wi-Fi wave field using the shape function
  110. Generalized invexity and duality in multiobjective variational problems involving non-singular fractional derivative
  111. Impact of the convergent geometric profile on boundary layer separation in the supersonic over-expanded nozzle
  112. Variable stepsize construction of a two-step optimized hybrid block method with relative stability
  113. Thermal transport with nanoparticles of fractional Oldroyd-B fluid under the effects of magnetic field, radiations, and viscous dissipation: Entropy generation; via finite difference method
  114. Special Issue on Advanced Energy Materials - Part I
  115. Voltage regulation and power-saving method of asynchronous motor based on fuzzy control theory
  116. The structure design of mobile charging piles
  117. Analysis and modeling of pitaya slices in a heat pump drying system
  118. Design of pulse laser high-precision ranging algorithm under low signal-to-noise ratio
  119. Special Issue on Geological Modeling and Geospatial Data Analysis
  120. Determination of luminescent characteristics of organometallic complex in land and coal mining
  121. InSAR terrain mapping error sources based on satellite interferometry
https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0222
Keywords for this article
speed attenuation; oblique incidence; pulse time axis; photoelectric test system; Yaw angle; pitch angle
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Test influence of screen thickness on double-N six-light-screen sky screen target
  3. Analysis on the speed properties of the shock wave in light curtain
  4. Abundant accurate analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the positive Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
  5. Measured distribution of cloud chamber tracks from radioactive decay: A new empirical approach to investigating the quantum measurement problem
  6. Nuclear radiation detection based on the convolutional neural network under public surveillance scenarios
  7. Effect of process parameters on density and mechanical behaviour of a selective laser melted 17-4PH stainless steel alloy
  8. Performance evaluation of self-mixing interferometer with the ceramic type piezoelectric accelerometers
  9. Effect of geometry error on the non-Newtonian flow in the ceramic microchannel molded by SLA
  10. Numerical investigation of ozone decomposition by self-excited oscillation cavitation jet
  11. Modeling electrostatic potential in FDSOI MOSFETS: An approach based on homotopy perturbations
  12. Modeling analysis of microenvironment of 3D cell mechanics based on machine vision
  13. Numerical solution for two-dimensional partial differential equations using SM’s method
  14. Multiple velocity composition in the standard synchronization
  15. Electroosmotic flow for Eyring fluid with Navier slip boundary condition under high zeta potential in a parallel microchannel
  16. Soliton solutions of Calogero–Degasperis–Fokas dynamical equation via modified mathematical methods
  17. Performance evaluation of a high-performance offshore cementing wastes accelerating agent
  18. Sapphire irradiation by phosphorus as an approach to improve its optical properties
  19. A physical model for calculating cementing quality based on the XGboost algorithm
  20. Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of stress concentration distribution at the typical slots for stiffeners
  21. An analytical model for solute transport from blood to tissue
  22. Finite-size effects in one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensation of photons
  23. Drying kinetics of Pleurotus eryngii slices during hot air drying
  24. Computer-aided measurement technology for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell characteristics
  25. QCD phase diagram in a finite volume in the PNJL model
  26. Study on abundant analytical solutions of the new coupled Konno–Oono equation in the magnetic field
  27. Experimental analysis of a laser beam propagating in angular turbulence
  28. Numerical investigation of heat transfer in the nanofluids under the impact of length and radius of carbon nanotubes
  29. Multiple rogue wave solutions of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation
  30. Optical properties and thermal stability of the H+-implanted Dy3+/Tm3+-codoped GeS2–Ga2S3–PbI2 chalcohalide glass waveguide
  31. Nonlinear dynamics for different nonautonomous wave structure solutions
  32. Numerical analysis of bioconvection-MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes and thermal radiation: New iterative method
  33. Modeling extreme value data with an upside down bathtub-shaped failure rate model
  34. Abundant optical soliton structures to the Fokas system arising in monomode optical fibers
  35. Analysis of the partially ionized kerosene oil-based ternary nanofluid flow over a convectively heated rotating surface
  36. Multiple-scale analysis of the parametric-driven sine-Gordon equation with phase shifts
  37. Magnetofluid unsteady electroosmotic flow of Jeffrey fluid at high zeta potential in parallel microchannels
  38. Effect of plasma-activated water on microbial quality and physicochemical properties of fresh beef
  39. The finite element modeling of the impacting process of hard particles on pump components
  40. Analysis of respiratory mechanics models with different kernels
  41. Extended warranty decision model of failure dependence wind turbine system based on cost-effectiveness analysis
  42. Breather wave and double-periodic soliton solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
  43. First-principle calculation of electronic structure and optical properties of (P, Ga, P–Ga) doped graphene
  44. Numerical simulation of nanofluid flow between two parallel disks using 3-stage Lobatto III-A formula
  45. Optimization method for detection a flying bullet
  46. Angle error control model of laser profilometer contact measurement
  47. Numerical study on flue gas–liquid flow with side-entering mixing
  48. Travelling waves solutions of the KP equation in weakly dispersive media
  49. Characterization of damage morphology of structural SiO2 film induced by nanosecond pulsed laser
  50. A study of generalized hypergeometric Matrix functions via two-parameter Mittag–Leffler matrix function
  51. Study of the length and influencing factors of air plasma ignition time
  52. Analysis of parametric effects in the wave profile of the variant Boussinesq equation through two analytical approaches
  53. The nonlinear vibration and dispersive wave systems with extended homoclinic breather wave solutions
  54. Generalized notion of integral inequalities of variables
  55. The seasonal variation in the polarization (Ex/Ey) of the characteristic wave in ionosphere plasma
  56. Impact of COVID 19 on the demand for an inventory model under preservation technology and advance payment facility
  57. Approximate solution of linear integral equations by Taylor ordering method: Applied mathematical approach
  58. Exploring the new optical solitons to the time-fractional integrable generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger system via three different methods
  59. Irreversibility analysis in time-dependent Darcy–Forchheimer flow of viscous fluid with diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects
  60. Double diffusion in a combined cavity occupied by a nanofluid and heterogeneous porous media
  61. NTIM solution of the fractional order parabolic partial differential equations
  62. Jointly Rayleigh lifetime products in the presence of competing risks model
  63. Abundant exact solutions of higher-order dispersion variable coefficient KdV equation
  64. Laser cutting tobacco slice experiment: Effects of cutting power and cutting speed
  65. Performance evaluation of common-aperture visible and long-wave infrared imaging system based on a comprehensive resolution
  66. Diesel engine small-sample transfer learning fault diagnosis algorithm based on STFT time–frequency image and hyperparameter autonomous optimization deep convolutional network improved by PSO–GWO–BPNN surrogate model
  67. Analyses of electrokinetic energy conversion for periodic electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) nanofluid through the rectangular microchannel under the Hall effects
  68. Propagation properties of cosh-Airy beams in an inhomogeneous medium with Gaussian PT-symmetric potentials
  69. Dynamics investigation on a Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with variable coefficients
  70. Study on fine characterization and reconstruction modeling of porous media based on spatially-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance technology
  71. Optimal block replacement policy for two-dimensional products considering imperfect maintenance with improved Salp swarm algorithm
  72. A hybrid forecasting model based on the group method of data handling and wavelet decomposition for monthly rivers streamflow data sets
  73. Hybrid pencil beam model based on photon characteristic line algorithm for lung radiotherapy in small fields
  74. Surface waves on a coated incompressible elastic half-space
  75. Radiation dose measurement on bone scintigraphy and planning clinical management
  76. Lie symmetry analysis for generalized short pulse equation
  77. Spectroscopic characteristics and dissociation of nitrogen trifluoride under external electric fields: Theoretical study
  78. Cross electromagnetic nanofluid flow examination with infinite shear rate viscosity and melting heat through Skan-Falkner wedge
  79. Convection heat–mass transfer of generalized Maxwell fluid with radiation effect, exponential heating, and chemical reaction using fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives
  80. Weak nonlinear analysis of nanofluid convection with g-jitter using the Ginzburg--Landau model
  81. Strip waveguides in Yb3+-doped silicate glass formed by combination of He+ ion implantation and precise ultrashort pulse laser ablation
  82. Best selected forecasting models for COVID-19 pandemic
  83. Research on attenuation motion test at oblique incidence based on double-N six-light-screen system
  84. Review Articles
  85. Progress in epitaxial growth of stanene
  86. Review and validation of photovoltaic solar simulation tools/software based on case study
  87. Brief Report
  88. The Debye–Scherrer technique – rapid detection for applications
  89. Rapid Communication
  90. Radial oscillations of an electron in a Coulomb attracting field
  91. Special Issue on Novel Numerical and Analytical Techniques for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Type - Part II
  92. The exact solutions of the stochastic fractional-space Allen–Cahn equation
  93. Propagation of some new traveling wave patterns of the double dispersive equation
  94. A new modified technique to study the dynamics of fractional hyperbolic-telegraph equations
  95. An orthotropic thermo-viscoelastic infinite medium with a cylindrical cavity of temperature dependent properties via MGT thermoelasticity
  96. Modeling of hepatitis B epidemic model with fractional operator
  97. Special Issue on Transport phenomena and thermal analysis in micro/nano-scale structure surfaces - Part III
  98. Investigation of effective thermal conductivity of SiC foam ceramics with various pore densities
  99. Nonlocal magneto-thermoelastic infinite half-space due to a periodically varying heat flow under Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative heat equation
  100. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of DPF porous media with different structures based on LBM
  101. Homotopy analysis method with application to thin-film flow of couple stress fluid through a vertical cylinder
  102. Special Issue on Advanced Topics on the Modelling and Assessment of Complicated Physical Phenomena - Part II
  103. Asymptotic analysis of hepatitis B epidemic model using Caputo Fabrizio fractional operator
  104. Influence of chemical reaction on MHD Newtonian fluid flow on vertical plate in porous medium in conjunction with thermal radiation
  105. Structure of analytical ion-acoustic solitary wave solutions for the dynamical system of nonlinear wave propagation
  106. Evaluation of ESBL resistance dynamics in Escherichia coli isolates by mathematical modeling
  107. On theoretical analysis of nonlinear fractional order partial Benney equations under nonsingular kernel
  108. The solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations by using a novel technique
  109. Modelling and graphing the Wi-Fi wave field using the shape function
  110. Generalized invexity and duality in multiobjective variational problems involving non-singular fractional derivative
  111. Impact of the convergent geometric profile on boundary layer separation in the supersonic over-expanded nozzle
  112. Variable stepsize construction of a two-step optimized hybrid block method with relative stability
  113. Thermal transport with nanoparticles of fractional Oldroyd-B fluid under the effects of magnetic field, radiations, and viscous dissipation: Entropy generation; via finite difference method
  114. Special Issue on Advanced Energy Materials - Part I
  115. Voltage regulation and power-saving method of asynchronous motor based on fuzzy control theory
  116. The structure design of mobile charging piles
  117. Analysis and modeling of pitaya slices in a heat pump drying system
  118. Design of pulse laser high-precision ranging algorithm under low signal-to-noise ratio
  119. Special Issue on Geological Modeling and Geospatial Data Analysis
  120. Determination of luminescent characteristics of organometallic complex in land and coal mining
  121. InSAR terrain mapping error sources based on satellite interferometry
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 12.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2022-0222/html
Scroll to top button