Startseite Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
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Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system

  • Peng-Zhi Xiang , Qiong Liu , Chao Deng und Guo-hua Ye EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 3. April 2023
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Green Processing and Synthesis
Aus der Zeitschrift Green Processing and Synthesis Band 12 Heft 1

Abstract

Thiosulfate gold leaching is a green gold extraction technology. Here, the effects of thiosulfate, copper ion, ethylenediamine, and polarization voltage on the dissolution of gold in this system were investigated by an electrochemical method. The results showed that the addition of thiosulfate promoted the dissolution of gold, but increasing the thiosulfate concentration had a little additional effect. The addition of ethylenediamine also increased the dissolution of gold, but the dissolution resistance of gold increased after adding ethylenediamine. The dissolution of gold increased, the diffusion resistance increased, and the dispersion effect increased upon increasing the copper ion concentration. The copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system did not display passivation (or only weak passivation) upon increasing the polarization voltage, which indicates that the system was relatively stable. The influence of three factors on the dissolution of gold followed the order thiosulfate > copper ion > ethylenediamine.

Keywords: thiosulfate; gold leaching; ethylenediamine; copper ion

1 Introduction

Thiosulfate gold extraction has the greatest industrial application prospects of any gold extraction technology, but it has not yet been industrialized [1]. One of the reasons for this is the consumption of reagents. The copper–ammonia–thiosulfate gold-dissolution system exploits the strongly oxidizing nature of the copper–ammonia complex, but it requires the use of excessive amounts of thiosulfate [2]. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the redox potential of the system without affecting the dissolution effect of gold. Aylmore and Muir considered that as long as the electrode potential of the oxidant was greater than ‒0.47 V, this requirement could be met [3]. When ethylenediamine is used instead of ammonia and copper, Cu ( en ) 2 2+ is formed, which reacts with S 2 O 3 2 − , as shown in the following equation. The standard electrode potential of Cu ( en ) 2 2+ / Cu ( S 2 O 3 ) 3 5 − is −0.20 V, which meets the requirements for gold dissolution.

Cu ( en ) 2 2+ + S 2 O 3 2 − → Cu ( S 2 O 3 ) 3 5 − + 2en

Ethylenediamine is abbreviated as en, which is a bidentate ligand, and two ethylenediamine molecules can form a chelate Cu ( en ) 2 2+ containing two five-membered rings with a copper ion. Cu ( en ) 2 2+ is very stable due to its five-membered ring. The copper ion concentration in the solution decreased, and less thiosulfate was oxidized. In addition, Cu ( en ) 2 2+ has a large steric hindrance due to the existence of a five-membered ring, which makes it difficult for thiosulfate to approach copper ions. This also inhibits the oxidation of thiosulfate [4]. Therefore, ethylenediamine may be used instead of ammonia to form a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system. Because the thiosulfate gold leaching system is complex, many factors affect gold dissolution, which makes it difficult to optimize actual leaching processes [5]. Therefore, it is necessary to predict and analyze the factors affecting gold dissolution before leaching. The dissolution of gold is essentially an electrochemical process, so using electrochemical methods to examine various factors of gold dissolution is reasonable [6].

In this article, the effects of thiosulfate, copper ion, ethylenediamine, and polarization voltage on the dissolution of gold in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system were investigated by electrochemical methods to provide guidance to adapt this to the actual leaching of gold.

2 Experimental

2.1 Instruments

The following instruments were used for this study: CHI650E Electrochemistry (Shanghai Chenhua), AS-990 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Beijing General Analysis), and PHS-3C Acidity Meter (Shanghai INESA Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd).

2.2 Reagents

Sodium thiosulfate, copper sulfate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia water, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid used in the experiments were all analytically pure (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd). Double-distilled water was used in all experiments.

2.3 Methods

Electrochemical tests were conducted using a three-electrode system with a gold electrode as the working electrode, a platinum foil wire as the counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode. All electrochemical measurements were performed on a CHI650E electrochemical workstation.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Thiosulfate AC (alternating current) impedance

The copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system used a copper ion concentration of 0.005 M, an ethylenediamine concentration of 0.01 M, and a pH of 10. A gold electrode was used as the working electrode to investigate the effect of different thiosulfate concentrations on the dissolution of gold.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to record the Nyquist plots in Figure 1. The equivalent circuit diagram R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct))) was used to describe the process. The circuit symbol was the same as the previous one, and its fitting parameters are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that R s decreased upon increasing the thiosulfate concentration, indicating a greater ionic strength of the solution and greater electrical conductivity. R p and R ct decreased upon increasing the thiosulfate concentration, indicating that increasing the thiosulfate concentration improved the dissolution of gold. It was difficult to dissolve gold without adding thiosulfate. This conclusion is similar to that of the copper–ammonia–thiosulfate system and is also consistent with actual leaching [7,8].

Figure 1 Nyquist plots of thiosulfate using the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 1

Nyquist plots of thiosulfate using the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

Table 1

Fitted data for different thiosulfate concentrations using the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system [R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct)))]

Thiosulfate concentration (M) R s (Ω‧cm2) Q 1 (S‧s n ‧m−2) n R p (Ω‧cm2) Q 2 (S‧s n ‧cm−2) n R ct (Ω‧cm2)
0 3,113 2.032 × 10−7 0.9056 2.522 × 106 2.241 × 10−7 0.5255 2.007 × 107
0.04 2,535 2.013 × 10−7 0.9093 2.145 × 106 1.733 × 10−7 0.5373 2.305 × 105
0.06 317.3 2.658 × 10−7 0.9088 6.992 × 105 2.178 × 10−7 0.7203 3.245 × 105
0.10 155.6 3.265 × 10−7 0.8993 4.649 × 105 2.695 × 10−7 0.7381 1.476 × 106

It can also be seen from Table 1 and Figure 2 that R ct did not change greatly when the concentration of thiosulfate was within the range of 0.04–0.06 M. R p decreased when the concentration of thiosulfate exceeded 0.1 M, but R ct showed a larger increase. The reaction resistance also increased, i.e., the concentration of thiosulfate in the range of 0.04–0.06 M was most favorable for dissolving gold, and a higher thiosulfate concentration was unfavorable.

Figure 2 Change in R ct with thiosulfate concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 2

Change in R ct with thiosulfate concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

3.2 Influence of ethylenediamine

When the concentration of copper ions was 0.005 M and the concentration of thiosulfate was 0.1 M, the pH of the solution was adjusted to about 10 using sodium hydroxide. The gold electrode was used as the working electrode to examine the influence of ethylenediamine concentration on the dissolution of gold. Figure 3 shows the associated Nyquist plots. The equivalent circuit diagram R s(Q 1(R ct W)) was used to describe the process. The fitting parameters are shown in Table 2. The process had Warburg impedance, indicating diffusion control. The circuit symbols were the same as before. Table 2 shows that R s decreased slightly upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration. R ct first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased again upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration. R ct and the gold dissolution resistance were smallest when the ethylenediamine concentration was 0.01 M. R ct increased, but it not obvious when the ethylenediamine concentration exceeded 0.01 M because the larger ethylenediamine complexed with copper ions, which reduced the mixing potential of the solution. Then, R ct increased. W increased slightly and was larger when the ethylenediamine concentration was in the range of 0.005–0.015 M. The reason for the higher Warburg impedance may have been due to the mass transfer control caused by the faster reaction rate or weak passivation on the surface of the gold electrode.

Figure 3 Nyquist plots showing the effect of ethylenediamine concentration (en) in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 3

Nyquist plots showing the effect of ethylenediamine concentration (en) in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

Table 2

Fitted data for the effect of different en concentrations [R s(Q 1(R ct W))] (pH adjusted using NaOH)

Ethylenediamine (M) R s (Ω‧cm2) Q (S‧s n ‧cm−2) n R ct (Ω‧cm2) W (S‧s0.5‧cm−2)
0.005 536.8 4.108 × 10−7 0.9704 3.989 × 105 4.409 × 10−6
0.010 519.7 6.573 × 10−7 0.9043 2.092 × 105 6.017 × 10−6
0.015 528.6 5.213 × 10−7 0.9045 2.762 × 105 9.594 × 10−6
0.020 511.7 5.676 × 10−7 0.9023 2.619 × 105 1.242 × 10−6
0.025 507.5 6.118 × 10−7 0.8981 2.566 × 105 1.482 × 10−6

According to the above analysis, ethylenediamine was most conducive to the dissolution of gold in the copper–ethylenediamine–sodium thiosulfate system when the copper ion concentration was 0.005 M and the ethylenediamine concentration is 0.01 M, i.e., the dissolution rate of gold was higher when the mole ratio of ethylenediamine to copper ion was 2:1. Table 2 also shows that the n values were close to 1, indicating that the dispersion effect was small, and the gold surface was relatively smooth. It can be seen from Figure 3 that W decreased greatly upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration. This indicates that passivation may have occurred at lower ethylenediamine concentrations, and the addition of a higher ethylenediamine concentration helped eliminate or reduce passivation.

Next, the effect of ethylenediamine and ammonia on the dissolution of gold in the presence of both ethylenediamine and ammonia was examined. The copper ion concentration was 0.005 M, the thiosulfate concentration was 0.1 M, and the pH was adjusted to about 10 using ammonia water. This constituted the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system. In this system, a gold electrode was used as the working electrode to examine the AC impedance at different ethylenediamine concentrations. This process could be described by the equivalent circuit diagram R s(Q 1(R ct W)), and its fitting parameters are shown in Table 3. Warburg impedance existed in this process, indicating the existence of diffusion control [9]. The symbols of this circuit were the same as those above.

Table 3

Fitted data for different en concentrations in the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system [R s(Q 1(R ct W))]

Ethylenediamine (M) R s (Ω‧cm2) Q (S‧s n ‧cm−2) n R ct (Ω‧cm2) W (S‧s0.5‧cm−2)
0.005 8.078 4.076 × 10−6 0.7529 1.129 × 104 3.155 × 10−5
0.010 11.08 2.143 × 10−6 0.8077 9.894 × 104 5.202 × 10−5
0.015 11.30 2.237 × 10−6 0.7972 1.095 × 105 5.340 × 10−5
0.020 11.73 2.238 × 10−6 0.7943 1.111 × 105 37.46 × 10−5
0.025 14.51 2.286 × 10−6 0.7661 1.902 × 105 44.64 × 10−5

It can be seen from Table 3 that R s decreased slightly upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration. This was because copper ions were complexed by ethylenediamine, and some Cu(NH3)4 2+ was converted into Cu ( en ) 2 2+ ; thus, the ionic strength of the solution decreased. R ct increased upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration, indicating that the reaction resistance increased upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration in the presence of ammonia water. The reason may be that Cu ( en ) 2 2+ was more stable than Cu(NH3)4 2, and when the concentration of ethylenediamine increased, some Cu(NH3)4 2 was converted into Cu(en)2 2; thus, the oxidizing strength of copper complex ions decreased, the mixed potential of the solution decreased, and the resistance to gold dissolution increased.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that R ct increased as the concentration of ethylenediamine increased in the presence of ammonia, which indicates that the dissolution rate of gold was worse than that of the system with ammonia alone as a ligand. This indicates that the rate of gold dissolution in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system was worse than that of the copper–ammonia–thiosulfate under the same conditions. When the ethylenediamine concentration was in the range of 0.01–0.02 M, R ct changed only slightly, and the reaction was relatively stable. When the ethylenediamine concentration was 0.005–0.015 M, W changed little, and the overall system was relatively stable. When the concentration of ethylenediamine exceeded 0.015 M, W increased sharply, the Warburg impedance increased to a greater extent, and the mass transfer resistance increased. This shows that the concentration of ethylenediamine further increased in the presence of ammonia, and the system was controlled by diffusion. The reason is that Cu(NH3)4 2+ was further converted into Cu ( en ) 2 2+ , and the volume ratio of Cu ( en ) 2 2+ to Cu(NH3)4 2+ was larger. Thus, the rate of transfer to the gold surface was slower.

Figure 4 Variation of R ct and W with en concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 4

Variation of R ct and W with en concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

From the point of view of the gold dissolution rate, Figure 5 shows that the ethylenediamine concentration should be controlled within the range of 0.005–0.01 M in the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system. R ct was smaller, which shows that it was easier to dissolve gold within this range, but when the concentration of ethylenediamine was between 0.005 and 0.01 M, the Warburg impedance increased greatly. When the copper ion concentration was 0.005 M in the presence of ammonia and the ethylenediamine concentration was controlled at about 0.005 M, the R ct and Warburg impedance were small. Gold dissolution was most when the molar ratio of ethylenediamine to copper ions was 1:1. From the above analysis, it can be seen that gold dissolution was most favorable when the molar ratio of ethylenediamine and copper ions was 2:1. This ratio has been proved in practice, in which a higher leaching rate was obtained, which was also beneficial to the subsequent recovery of gold [10]. Gold dissolution was the most favorable in the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system when the molar ratio of ethylenediamine and copper ions was 1:1. Sodium hydroxide and ammonia water were used to adjust the pH of the system. The reaction resistance increased upon increasing the ethylenediamine concentration in the presence of ammonia water. The reaction resistance of the system in which sodium hydroxide was used to adjust the pH of the system was smaller. Therefore, ethylenediamine and ammonia can be used to dissolve gold cooperatively.

Figure 5 Variations in R ct and W with en concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system.
Figure 5

Variations in R ct and W with en concentration in the copper–ethylenediamine–ammonia–thiosulfate system.

3.3 Influence of copper ions

In the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system with a thiosulfate concentration of 0.1 M, ethylenediamine concentration of 0.01 M, and pH of 10, the AC impedance of different concentrations of copper ions was investigated by using gold as the working electrode. Figure 6 shows the Nyquist plots, and the equivalent circuit diagram R s(Q 1(R ct W)) can be used to describe the process. The circuit symbol was the same as above, and its fitting parameters are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, R s remained basically unchanged upon increasing the copper ion concentration, indicating no significant increase in the ionic strength of the solution. The R ct decreased significantly upon increasing the copper ion concentration because increasing both the copper ion concentration and Cu ( en ) 2 2+ promoted the catalytic dissolution of gold. Therefore, R ct decreased significantly, indicating that increasing the copper ion concentration promoted the dissolution of gold.

Figure 6 Nyquist plots of Cu2+ in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 6

Nyquist plots of Cu2+ in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

Table 4

Fitted data for different Cu2+ concentrations in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system [R s(Q 1(R ct W))]

Copper concentration (M) R s (Ω‧cm2) Q (S‧s n ‧cm−2) n R ct (Ω‧cm2) W (S‧s0.5‧cm−2)
0.001 520.5 5.419 × 10−7 0.9038 4.980 × 105 8.750 × 10−6
0.002 515.9 5.696 × 10−7 0.9028 3.950 × 105 8.178 × 10−6
0.003 522.8 6.246 × 10−7 0.8999 3.145 × 105 7.791 × 10−6
0.004 523.0 6.691 × 10−7 0.8962 2.298 × 105 10.59 × 10−6
0.005 529.2 7.190 × 10−7 0.8829 2.097 × 105 10.57 × 10−6

It can also be seen from Table 4 and Figure 7 that R ct decreased linearly when the concentration of copper ion was in the range of 0.001–0.004 M. R ct decreased slowly when the copper ion concentration was in the range of 0.004–0.005 M. Generally, increasing the copper ion concentration promoted the dissolution of gold. When copper ion concentration was 0.005 M, R ct was the smallest, and the gold dissolution rate was the fastest.

Figure 7 Changes in the electrical symbol of the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system with copper ions: (a) R ct varies with copper ions, (b) W varies with copper ions.
Figure 7

Changes in the electrical symbol of the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system with copper ions: (a) R ct varies with copper ions, (b) W varies with copper ions.

As can be seen from Figure 7, Warburg impedance alternately increased and decreased upon increasing the copper ion concentration, which presented an overall increase with little change in W. The diffusion resistance increased upon increasing the copper ion concentration. At the same time, n decreased upon increasing the copper ion concentration, indicating that the diffusion effect increased. This may have been due to passivation upon increasing the copper ion concentration; however, R ct decreased, indicating that the passivation effect was weak (if it even existed in this process).

3.4 Influence of polarization voltage

The effect of polarization voltage on gold dissolution was investigated in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system containing 0.1 M, 0.01 M ethylenediamine, 0.005 M copper ion, and a pH of 10. Figure 8 and Table 5 show the Nyquist plots with different polarization voltages. The process can be described by equivalent circuit R s(Q 1(R ct W))(Q 2 R 2). The electrical significance of each symbol is the same as above. A two-step reaction occurred on the surface of the gold electrode. The first step was the dissolution of gold, and the second step was the rapid oxidation of sulfide on the surface of the gold electrode to sulfate, indicating that gold could be quickly solubilized as sulfate, even if sulfides or other products exist. This reduced the passivation of the gold surface. Therefore, ethylenediamine weakened the passivation of the gold surface, which was similar to the findings of Nie [11].

Figure 8 Nyquist plots with the polarization voltage in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 8

Nyquist plots with the polarization voltage in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

Table 5

Fitted data with voltage [R s(Q 1(R ct W))(Q 2 R 2)] (copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system)

Polarization voltage (V) R s (Ω‧cm−2) Q 1 (S‧s n ‧cm−1) n 1 R ct (Ω‧cm2) W (S‧s0.5‧cm−2) Q 2 (S‧s n ‧cm−2) n 2 R 2 (Ω‧cm2)
−0.2 90.4 1.28 × 10−10 0.6513 314,300 2.087 × 10−6 1.14 × 10−10 0.985 1.00 × 104
0.2 91.89 2.15 × 10−10 0.8230 215,700 1.441 × 10−5 6.36 × 10−10 1.000 9.91 × 104
0.3 92.21 1.44 × 10−10 0.8503 207,870 3.092 × 10−5 7.16 × 10−10 1.000 9.23 × 106
0.6 95.31 1.018 × 10−8 0.9138 8,806 8.55 × 10−6 7.94 × 10−10 0.986 1.05 × 107
0.8 108.8 6.092 × 10−8 1.000 966.5 5.442 × 10−5 2.71 × 10−9 0.982 4.13 × 107

As can be seen from Figure 9 and Table 5, R ct decreased greatly when the polarization voltage increased. R ct did not increase upon increasing the polarization voltage in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system. That is, increasing the polarization voltage did not lead to passivation, or the passivation was weak. This indicated that the mixed potential in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system changed, and there was no, or weak, passivation. Thus, the system was relatively stable.

Figure 9 R ct change with the polarization voltage in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.
Figure 9

R ct change with the polarization voltage in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system.

When the polarization voltage was between 0.2 and 0.3 V, R ct remained basically unchanged, indicating that the passivation of the thiosulfate system with ethylenediamine as the ligand was weak. In an actual leaching system, the mixed potential of a thiosulfate system leaching solution was low and usually in the range of 0.2–0.3 V [12]. Therefore, the passivation was weak in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system during actual leaching, and the passivation degree was more serious. This will lead to the consumption of more thiosulfate in the copper–ammonia–thiosulfate system, which will lead to serious passivation of the gold surface. Second, the reduction of Cu(NH3)4 2+ decomposed Au(S2O3)2 3−, but the addition of ethylenediamine did not decompose Au(S2O3)2 3−, which weakened the formation of a passivation layer containing copper and sulfur on the gold surface and weakened the passivation. This article is consistent with previous literature [13].

3.5 Comparison of influencing factors on gold leaching

From the influence of the three factors on gold dissolution (thiosulfate > copper ion > ethylenediamine), copper ions had the same influence as ethylenediamine, and copper ion has a slightly greater influence. The biggest reason for thiosulfate’s influence was that thiosulfuric acid combined with gold reduced the electrode potential of gold. Therefore, weaker oxidants could also dissolve gold. Ethylenediamine and copper ions formed Cu ( en ) 2 2+ , which acted as an oxidant during gold dissolution. In fact, gold was dissolved, even without adding Cu ( en ) 2 2+ , but the leaching time was longer, and the gold leaching rate was low.

Thiosulfate concentrations usually exceed 0.1 M during actual leaching because Cu ( en ) 2 2+ and ore components (pyrite, etc.) consume a portion of thiosulfate. Therefore, the actual thiosulfate concentration must be higher than the theoretical thiosulfate concentration. Based on the literature [14,15], the factors affecting the gold leaching rate followed the order thiosulfate > copper ion > ethylenediamine. The actual leaching results were consistent with those of electrochemical analysis, which indicates that electrochemical analysis can be used to predict the actual leaching of gold, which is beneficial for optimizing actual processes.

4 Conclusions

It is very difficult to dissolve gold without thiosulfate in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system. Increasing the thiosulfate concentration promoted the dissolution of gold, but a higher thiosulfate concentration had a little additional effect. Upon increasing the copper ion concentration, the ionic strength of the solution did not change much, R ct decreased, gold leaching increased, and the diffusion resistance increased. The diffusion effect increased upon increasing the copper-ion concentration. The addition of ethylenediamine promoted the leaching of gold in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system. Increasing the copper-ion concentration not only promoted the dissolution of gold but also increased the diffusion effect. There was no (or weak) passivation in the copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system upon increasing the polarization voltage. This system was relatively stable. The influence of the three factors on gold dissolution followed the order thiosulfate > copper ion > ethylenediamine.

  1. Funding information: The Scientific Research Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51964028); Yunnan Education Department (2021J1374, 2021J1378); Yunnan Open University Scientific Research Fund (21YNOU03).

  2. Author contributions: Peng-Zhi Xiang: methodology, formal analysis; Qiong Liu: project administration; Chao Deng: writing – original draft, writing – review and editing; Guo-hua Ye: resources, methodology.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state that there is no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The data used to support the findings of this study have not been made available because the original data is not convenient to open.

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Received: 2022-11-02
Revised: 2023-02-09
Accepted: 2023-02-24
Published Online: 2023-04-03

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  15. Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
  16. Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
  17. Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
  18. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
  19. Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
  20. Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
  21. Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
  22. Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
  23. Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
  24. Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
  25. Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
  26. Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
  27. Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
  28. Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
  29. Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
  30. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
  31. Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
  32. Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
  33. Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
  34. Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
  35. Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
  36. An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
  37. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  38. Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
  39. Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
  40. Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
  41. Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
  42. Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
  43. Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
  44. Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
  45. A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
  46. Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
  47. Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
  48. Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
  49. Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
  50. The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
  51. Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
  52. A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-8133
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
thiosulfate; gold leaching; ethylenediamine; copper ion
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Value-added utilization of coal fly ash and recycled polyvinyl chloride in door or window sub-frame composites
  3. High removal efficiency of volatile phenol from coking wastewater using coal gasification slag via optimized adsorption and multi-grade batch process
  4. Evolution of surface morphology and properties of diamond films by hydrogen plasma etching
  5. Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
  6. Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
  7. The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
  8. Biodegradation of synthetic PVP biofilms using natural materials and nanoparticles
  9. Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice
  10. Optimization of apigenin nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: In vitro and in vivo studies
  11. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites leaves: Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on Capan-1, L929, and Caco-2 cell lines
  12. Exergy analysis of a conceptual CO2 capture process with an amine-based DES
  13. Construction of fluorescence system of felodipine–tetracyanovinyl–2,2′-bipyridine complex
  14. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over Bi2O3 supported on Zn-MOF nanocomposites under visible light
  15. Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
  16. Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
  17. Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
  18. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
  19. Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
  20. Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
  21. Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
  22. Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
  23. Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
  24. Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
  25. Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
  26. Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
  27. Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
  28. Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
  29. Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
  30. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
  31. Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
  32. Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
  33. Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
  34. Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
  35. Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
  36. An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
  37. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  38. Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
  39. Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
  40. Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
  41. Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
  42. Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
  43. Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
  44. Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
  45. A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
  46. Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
  47. Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
  48. Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
  49. Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
  50. The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
  51. Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
  52. A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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