Home Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
Article Open Access

Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles

  • Kumaravel Kaliaperumal , Kumaran Subramanian , Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu , Ramesh Kumar Varadharajan , Reem Binsuwaidan , Nadiyah M. Alabdallah , Nawaf Alshammari , Mohd Saeed , Krishnan Anbarasu and Rohini Karunakaran EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 15, 2023
Download Article (PDF)
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Green Processing and Synthesis
From the journal Green Processing and Synthesis Volume 12 Issue 1

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the synthesis of hydrogel incorporated with chitosan blend with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from red cabbage Brassica oleracea and its application in wound healing and antibacterial activity. The chitosan/PVA hydrogel was synthesized by the combination of chitosan and PVA treated with acetic acid. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the B. oleracea extract and its antibacterial efficacy was examined. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The synthesized NPs were purified and combined with the hydrogel. This combined hydrogel and AgNP mixture was then subjected to Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the results were observed to conclude the effectiveness of the hydrogel. This hydrogel would differ in the part of dressing the wound, that is it can last on the wound for a longer period, thus reducing the pain and frequency of dressing and in turn naturally healing the wound in less time.

Keywords: nanomaterials; silver nanoparticle; PVA; red cabbage; Brassica oleracea

1 Introduction

The first line of defense for the human body is the skin, which can be easily damaged by trauma, surgery, and burns [1]. The skin acts as a protective barrier which is vital in preventing wounds [2]. An ideal clinical wound covering should have mechanical strength, flexibility, and the ability for wound exudate absorbance, and should not stick onto the surface of wounds [3]. Traditional wound dressings are still the best sellers in the market because the use of novel wound coverings, including foams, nanofibers, and hydrogels, is in high demand as they provide anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and pro-wound healing properties [4]. Hydrogels have been used successfully in numerous biomedical applications and act as a substitute extracellular matrix in creating a moist environment to promote the wound-healing process [5,6,7,8]. Several methods have been used to fabricate hydrogels, such as using gamma and UV rays and the freeze–thaw process [9]. Different biopolymers have been used in the synthesis of the hydrogel wound dressing. For instance, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are mostly used in hydrogels because of their biocompatibility, low price, and non-toxicity [10].

Recently, the nanocomposites have been prepared by the incorporation of some NPs such as Ag and ZnO into biopolymers, and the resultant materials are used as a wound dressing [1]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been chosen as the transporter for drug conveyance, particularly macromolecules because of their physical and chemical properties. From the specialized perspective, the positive charge and dissolvability of the silver in water are vital. An AgNP is a successful nanoparticle (NP) utilized to date. Chitins are polysaccharides obtained from exoskeletons of ocean creepy crawlies like crabs, shrimp, and so forth; chitosan is for the most part deacetylated polymer from N-acetyl glucosamine that can be obtained through the antacid deacetylation of the chitins. The primary units are β-(1,4)-connected d-glucosamine, and they build up with the amine bunches that are haphazardly acetylated. The amine and –OH moieties render the chitosan with numerous exceptional properties, making it very much applicable in many areas, and are also easily available for chemical reactions. These factors can cause interactions between the chitosan and the negatively charged surfaces in an aqueous environment or with the charged membrane of the microorganisms; moreover, the interactions are gaining more attention in the nanotechnology field. Chitosans are non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable compounds that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In today’s world, pharmaceutical research has mostly focused on the development of nanotechnological systems applicable in many different fields of medicine, especially in the field of drug delivery [9,11].

Currently, the application of biopolymers as NPs represents the other systems with a larger potential for the targeted transportation of drugs or the biological macromolecules inside the human body. Biopolymer NPs are effectively used to provide bioactive molecules for in vivo and in vitro functions. Nano biopolymers also show great use in enzyme replacement therapy. Naturally, the certainty of using the NPs synthesized by bio-compatible and bio-degradable polymers to distribute the enzymes in those tissues where they are missing or in complete absence represents a huge advantage in overcoming a series of ERT complications. More typically, nanotechnologies are an extended research stream, which is characterized by the use of materials with their sizes ranging from 1 to 1,000 nm. The application of these bio-polymers in medicine has coined the definition of “polymers therapeutics” to report different classes of nano compounds, at present, in the application as polymeric drugs, polymer–drug conjugates, polymer–protein conjugates, polymeric micelles, and polyplexes [12].

2 Methods

2.1 Chemicals

All the chemicals and reagents used in the present study were procured from Sigma Aldrich (USA). The chemicals used were of analytical grade (AR). The microbial strains were procured from Himedia, India which are of American-type cell culture (ATCC).

2.2 Extraction of pigments from red cabbage

The red cabbage (purple-leaved varieties of Brassica oleracea, Capitata group) is a kind of cabbage that is also known as Blaukraut after its preparation. Its leaves are colored dark in red/purple. However, the plant changes its color according to the pH value of the soil due to a pigment belonging to anthocyanins. In acidic soils, the leaves grow more reddish; in neutral soils, they grow purple; while an alkaline soil will produce greenish-yellow colored cabbages. The red cabbages were purchased from a market in Chennai, keeping in mind the freshness and quality of the cabbage. The cabbage was thoroughly washed with tap water and distilled water. With the help of a knife, the cabbages were cut into tiny pieces and these pieces were then ground into a paste texture with the solvent. The ground paste was then kept in a container for about 1 h for the pigments to get extracted thoroughly into the solute. After 1 h, the paste was filtered out into another clean and sterile container with the help of a clean cotton cloth. The extract was double-filtered using Whatman filter paper. The extract was kept for evaporation for concentrating. It was then poured into a Rotatory evaporator for the complete removal of the solvent from the extracted pigment [13].

2.3 Preparation of AgNPs

Due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, AgNPs have become one of the most appealing nanomaterials in recent years. AgNPs are synthesized through physical, chemical, and biological processes. AgNPs are mostly employed in the treatment of bacteria and cancer, in the promotion of bone and wound healing, as well as in vaccine adjuvants, anti-diabetic medications, and biosensors. The size and shape of the AgNPs affect these special features. Physical properties like achieving uniform particle size distribution, identical shape, morphology, coating or stabilizing agents for NPs, chemical composition or type, and crystal structure are some of the main issues that must be controlled during the synthesis of AgNPs [14].

AgNO3 was employed as the silver ion complex for the production of AgNPs. AgNO3 was prepared in the dark and stored in a dark-brown bottle because the particles are light sensitive. The AgNO3 solution was mixed with the red cabbage extract, and the mixture was left in the dark for a day. The AgNO3 solution was prepared by adding 1.69 mg AgNO3 in, 100 mL distilled water. AgNPs were synthesized by combining 90 mL of AgNO3 and 10 mL of the red cabbage extract. The following day, it was kept in a water bath to provide heat and aid in the creation of AgNPs. The AgNO3 crystals were dissolved in distilled water to prepare the AgNO3 solution. The AgNO3 solution was stored in a brown bottle and kept in a dark environment because it is sensitive to sunlight. The AgNO3 solution contained the red cabbage extract, which was then left undisturbed for a day [15].

2.4 Synthesis of the polymer/hydrogel

PVA and chitosan were combined to synthesize the polymer. As shown in Figure 3, the chitosan solution was prepared by combining 1 g of chitosan powder with 50 mL of distilled water while stirring continuously over a magnetic stirrer to ensure that all of the particles completely dissolved in the water. Then, 50 mL of distilled water and 1 g of PVA were combined and swirled once more using a magnetic stirrer. After that, these two solutions were combined to obtain a single solution. A few drops of acetic acid were added to this solution. It was then kept over the magnetic stirrer for about 4 h for the complete mixing of the solution. The synthesized AgNPs were dissolved and mixed with the hydrogel thoroughly [16].

2.5 Hydrogel loaded with AgNPs

The synthesized AgNPs were then added to the chitosan and PVA hydrogel; distilled water was used to dilute the AgNP pellets for this. Next, this solution was added to the prepared hydrogel. The AgNP solution was added to 50 g of hydrogel, which is equal to 50 mL. The AgNPs and the hydrogel were completely blended on the magnetic stirrer for around 2 h [17].

2.6 Antibacterial activity

By using the well diffusion assay method in Petri plates containing the nutrient agar, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was examined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC BAA-1705) were used in the present study for the antibacterial screening assay. The plates containing 15 mL of nutrient agar were seeded with test bacterial cultures; the wells (6 mm diameter) were made with the help of a 6 mm diameter cork borer and the wells were loaded with control (distilled water) and AgNPs and were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Distilled water was used as a negative control. After 24 h of incubation, the efficacy of the NPs is determined in terms of the zone of inhibition of the organism. The higher the zone of inhibition, the more the test sample will be effective [18]. Experiments were carried out in triplicate to obtain the mean value.

2.7 UV spectroscopy

The prepared AgNPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy. According to this technique, many molecules absorb UV light. The percentage of transmittance of light radiation is determined when the light of a certain frequency is passed through the samples. The synthesis of NPs in the solution was assessed by UV-visible (UV-Vis) scanning in the range of 200–700 nm in a spectrophotometer (Implen GmBH) using a quartz cuvette with water as the reference [19].

2.8 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy

FTIR is a technique for obtaining an infrared spectrum of a solid, liquid, or gas’s absorption or emission. The high-resolution spectral data are simultaneously gathered from an FTIR spectrometer over a variety of wavelengths. This has a substantial benefit over a dispersive spectrometer, which only measures the intensity over a small range of wavelengths at a time. A portable attenuated total reflectance FTIR analyzer from A2 Technologies (L1280127, Perkin Elmer, USA) was used to analyze an AgNP sample (ATRS-FTIR). For ten scans at room temperature, sample spectra were captured in the absorbance mode with a resolution of 4 cm in the middle infrared band between 4,000 and 400 cm−1 [11].

2.9 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis

XRD is the versatile dissipation of X-ray photons by particles in an occasional grid by utilizing Bragg’s law:

(1) n λ = 2 d sin θ

XRD measurement was performed on an X’Pert Pro X-ray Diffractometer (Bruker, D8 Advance) operated at a voltage of 40 kV and a current of 30 mA with Cu Kα radiation. About 5 mg of AgNPs was placed on the glass side and placed over the space between the emission X-ray bar and reflecting beams. The X-rays emitted from the filament and passing through the powder sample reflecting emitted rays from the sample were collected. The sample was scanned at 2θ from 0 to 90°, and the X-ray peaks were evaluated with JCPDS database values [20].

3 Results

3.1 Ag NP characterization

UV spectra of AgNPs were recorded and are shown in Figure 1. The AgNP formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Every element has free electrons, which give rise to an absorption peak. This peak is dependent on the size and shape of the NPs formed. The formation of the AgNP was observed once every hour to confirm the exact time taken for the synthesis of AgNPs. The peak was found at 540 nm after 3 h.

Figure 1 UV-Vis spectroscopy screening of AgNPs from Brassica oleracea; visible peaks are at 480 and 520 nm.
Figure 1

UV-Vis spectroscopy screening of AgNPs from Brassica oleracea; visible peaks are at 480 and 520 nm.

The regular XRD pattern of the synthesized AgNPs is shown in Figure 2. The peak places of the pattern were affirmed by the VELS Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai. Further, no other polluting influence crest was seen in the XRD design, demonstrating the single-stage test arrangement. The diffracted intensities were recorded from 0 to 80°. Four strong Bragg reflections were seen at 32.29°, 46.26°, 67.51°, and 76.79° corresponding to the planes (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively. The interplanar spacing values are 2.7700, 1.9595, 1.3864, and 1.24014, respectively. The crystalline size is calculated by the Debye–Scherrer formula

(2) D = k λ β cos θ

Figure 2 XRD pattern of the synthesized AgNPs.
Figure 2

XRD pattern of the synthesized AgNPs.

The calculated average crystallite of AgNPs is ∼25 nm.

3.2 Particle size and zeta potential measurement

Particle size analysis was carried out to determine the size of produced AgNPs. It displays the dimensions of artificial AgNPs. Zeta potential analysis was used to assess the stability of AgNPs that had been produced. It primarily serves to stabilize NP dispersion. The estimated average zeta potential value of +50 mV indicates that the produced NPs are stable. This indicates a positive value, indicating that the positively charged AgNPs are coated with components that repel one another, preventing aggregation and maintaining the stability of the NPs. The particle size distribution curve yielded an average diameter of 724 nm (Figure 3). The zeta potential for the comparable value was found to be 11.1 mV. With 10 kV‧m−1, the AgNPs’ polarity was found to be positive.

Figure 3 Particle size distribution of AgNPs. The average diameter determined by the particle size distribution curve is ∼724 nm. The corresponding zeta potential value was found to be 11.1 mV. The polarity of the AgNPs is found to be positive with 10 kV‧m−1.
Figure 3

Particle size distribution of AgNPs. The average diameter determined by the particle size distribution curve is ∼724 nm. The corresponding zeta potential value was found to be 11.1 mV. The polarity of the AgNPs is found to be positive with 10 kV‧m−1.

3.3 Characterization of hydrogels with AgNPs.

The potential functional groups present in the synthesized AgNPs were identified using the FTIR analysis. Major peaks in the FTIR spectrum were observed at 3,853, 2,090, 433, 422, 416, and 410 cm−1. They were compared to the bond angles extending C–S linkage–H stretching–O–C group–H bond, alkyl ketone, alkane group, and aromatics group. The FTIR spectra of AgNPs were recorded. The main IR band of pure Ag is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 FTIR analysis peaks of hydrogel with AgNPs.
Figure 4

FTIR analysis peaks of hydrogel with AgNPs.

3.4 Antibacterial activity

The antibacterial test for AgNPs was conducted against two bacterial strains, namely P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia. The well diffusion method was used for the detection of the antibacterial activity. Two agar plates were prepared. The bacterial solution was swabbed over the agar by a sterile cotton swab; this method of spreading the bacteria evenly over the agar plate is known as the method of swabbing. Wells were made, and the AgNP solution was added to the well to check its antibacterial activity. The entire assay was done in triplicate, and the standard error values obtained were tabulated (Table 1).

Table 1

Effects of AgNPs against the bacteria were observed and a positive result was obtained for both bacterial strains

S. no. Microbes Zone of inhibition (mm)
1. Pseudomonas sp. 5 ± 0.025
2. Klebsiella sp. 8 ± 0.0417

4 Discussion

The physicochemical properties of NPs are important for their behavior, bio-distribution, safety, and efficacy. Therefore, the characterization of AgNPs is important to evaluate the functional aspects of the synthesized particles [21]. The absorption of AgNPs depends on the particle size, dielectric medium, and chemical surroundings [22,23]. The observed peak was assigned for various metal NPs with sizes ranging from 2 to 100 nm [24]. The color change was observed by comparing it with the extract. In this study, Brassica oleracea has shown a similar peak range in the preliminary screening with UV spectroscopy. To achieve the optimal form and the size of NPs, various amounts of extract from different plants have been employed. The peak absorbance in the UV-Vis spectrum increased in the current study as the plant density increased. Furthermore, the particle size was decreased when more extract was used.

Two solutions were combined to obtain one solution to prepare the hydrogel: the first solution contained chitosan and distilled water, and the other contained PVA and distilled water. The solution was centrifuged and the AgNPs were collected. A previous report showed that an increase in the ZnO NPs increased the gel content, which varied between 60% and 87% [1]. The size of Ag NPs at the selected concentration was 1,010 nm and the zeta potential was 50 mV. All the analyses confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the hydrogel enriched with the AgNPs.

The antibacterial test for AgNPs was conducted against two bacterial strains, namely P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia. The well diffusion method was used for the detection of the antibacterial activity. The FTIR analysis was used to determine the possible functional groups present in the synthesized AgNPs. The FTIR spectra showed major peaks at 3,853, 2,090, 433, 422, 416, and 410 cm−1. No polluting influence crest was seen in the XRD design, demonstrating the single-stage test arrangement. The XRD peaks were seen located at 2θ = 27.8°, 32.2°, 46.2°, 54.8°, 57.6°, 67.5°, 74.5°, and 76.7°. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the hydrodynamic diameter in the nm range. These results agree with those presented by researchers who have reported that Gram-positive bacteria are less susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of silver [25,26,27,28]. Grigor’eva et al. [29] investigated the cell responses to AgNPs for Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. According to this study, the S. typhimurium culture that was incubated with AgNPs for the same period sustained slightly less overall damage than the S. aureus culture. Goswami et al. [30] showed that Escherichia coli was found to have a broader zone of inhibition and lower minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values when compared to Bacillus subtilis. The lower MIC values for E. coli were evaluated against S. aureus as per the report of Martinez-Castanon et al. [31]. In addition, Kim et al. [27] demonstrated that AgNPs inhibit E. coli at low concentrations, although their effects on S. aureus development were minimal. According to Tian et al. [32], AgNPs can induce wound healing with lessened scar formation and reduce inflammation through cytokine regulation. Moreover, Frankova et al. [33] provided evidence that human dermal keratinocytes in the AgNP-treated group released fewer growth factors and inflammatory cytokines (which are released by immune cells). Our research demonstrated AI-AgNPs’ potential for bacterial cell disruption, which when combined with its capacity to scavenge free radicals, can be used to prepare wound dressings.

5 Conclusion

The main aim of the work is to prepare a wound-healing bandage formulated with chitosan and PVA with red cabbage extract loaded with AgNPs. The developed bandage impregnated with AgNPs was found to be effective in antibacterial properties showing significant antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia bacterial strains. These bacteria are the major secondary infection-causing agents for most human ailments like respiratory diseases. The physicochemical properties of the AgNPs synthesized were significant in terms of zeta potential and chemical nature. As a future development, this chitosan and PVA-loaded AgNP-impregnated wound bandage can be tested by an in vivo animal wound model and further clinical tests for future product development.

Acknowledgments

We thankful much to the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia for for research supporting project number (PNURSP2023R304) for this research work.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R304), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  2. Author contributions: Kumaravel Kaliaperumal, Kumaran Subramanian: writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, formal analysis; Ramesh Kumar Varadharajan, Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu: writing – original draft, formal analysis; Reem Binsuwaidan, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Nawaf Alshammari: visualization, project administration; Mohd Saeed, Krishnan Anbarasu: supervision, conceptualization, writing – reviewing and editing; Rohini Karunakaran: resources.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

[1] Khorasani MT, Joorabloo A, Moghaddam A, Shamsi H, Mansoori, Moghadam Z. Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into heparinized polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogels for wound dressing application. Intern J Biol Macromol. 2018;114:1203–15.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] Fan L, Yang H, Yang J, Peng M, Hu J. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/gelatin/PVA hydrogel for wound dressings. Carbohy Polymers. 2016;146:427–34.10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Kumar PS, Nair S, Tamura H. Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotech Adv. 2011;29(3):322–37.10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Rath G, Hussain T, Chauhan G, Garg T, Goyal AK. Development and characterization of cefazolin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles composite gelatin nanofiber mats for postoperative surgical wounds. MaterSciEng: C. 2016;58:242–53.10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.050Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Khorasani MT, Joorabloo A, Adeli H, Mansoori-Moghadam Z, Moghaddam A. Design and optimization of process parameters of polyvinyl (alcohol)/chitosan/nano zinc oxide hydrogels as wound healing materials. Carbohydr Polym. 2019;207:542–54. 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.021.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Supare V, Wadher K, Umekar M. Experimental design: Approaches and applications in development of pharmaceutical drug delivery system. JDDT. 2021;15:154–61.10.22270/jddt.v11i4-S.4908Search in Google Scholar

[7] Winter RE, Kolodziej SA, Lewis WH. Wound-healing composition and method. US Pat., WO98/35695, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Jahani-Javanmardi A, Sirousazar M, Shaabani Y, Kheiri F. Egg white/poly (vinyl alcohol)/MMT nanocomposite hydrogels for wound dressing. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2016;27(12):1262–76. 10.1080/09205063.2016.1191825.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Aljebory AM, Alsalman TM, Aljebory A, Alsalman TM. Chitosan nanoparticles: review article. Imp J Interdiscip Res (IJIR). 2017;3(7):233–42.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Kalantari K, Afifi AM, Jahangirian H, Webster TJ. Biomedical applications of chitosan electrospun nanofibers as a green polymer- Review. Carbohydr Polym. 2019;1(207):588–600.10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Deepa B, Ganesan V. Bioinspired synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using flowers of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. and Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne–a comparison. Inter J Chem Tech. 2015;7:725–33.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Duncan R. Polymer therapeutics as nanomedicines: new perspectives. CurropinBiotech. 2011;22:492–501.10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.507Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Valencia-Arredondo JA, Hernández-Bolio GI, Cerón-Montes GI, Castro-Muñoz R, Yáñez-Fernández J. Enhanced process integration for the extraction, concentration, and purification of di-acylated cyanidin from red cabbage. Sep Purif Technol. 2020;238:116492.10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116492Search in Google Scholar

[14] Salleh A, Fauzi MB. The in vivo, in vitro and in-ovo evaluation of quantum dots in wound healing: A review. Polymers. 2021;13:191. 10.3390/polym13020191.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[15] Saravanan M, Barik SK, Mubarak Ali D, Prakash P, Pugazhendhi A. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bacillus brevis (NCIM 2533) and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2018;116:221–6.10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Kalantari K, Mostafavi E, Saleh B, Soltantaba P, Webster TJ. Chitosan/PVA hydrogels incorporated with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles for wound healing applications. Eur Polym J. 2020;134:109853.10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109853Search in Google Scholar

[17] Piras CC, Mahon CS, Smith DK. Self-assembled supramolecular hybrid hydrogel beads loaded with silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 2020;26(38):8452–7. 10.1002/chem.202001349.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Fardsadegh B, Vaghari H, Mohammad-Jafari R, Najian Y, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H. Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities assessment of fabricated selenium nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract. Green Process Synthe. 2019;8(1):191–8. 10.1515/gps-2018-0060.Search in Google Scholar

[19] Wadhwani SA, Gorain M, Banerjee P, Shedbalkar UU, Singh R, Kundu GC, et al. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Acinetobacter sp. SW30: optimization, characterization, and its anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomed. 2017;12:6841–55. 10.2147/IJN.S139212.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[20] Dorofeev GA, Streletskii AN, Povstugar IV, Protasov AV, Elsukov EP. Determination of nanoparticle sizes by X-ray diffraction. Colloid J. 2012;74:675–85.10.1134/S1061933X12060051Search in Google Scholar

[21] Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(9):1534. 10.3390/ijms17091534.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[22] Nath SS, Gope DG. Synthesis of CdS and ZnS quantum dots and their applications in Electronics. Nano Trends. 2007;2:20–8.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Noginov MA, Zhu G, Bahoura M, Adegoke J, Small C, Ritzo BA, et al. The effect of gain and absorption on surface plasmons in metal nanoparticles. Appl Phys B. 2007;86:455–60.10.1007/s00340-006-2401-0Search in Google Scholar

[24] Sastry M, Patil V, Sainkar SR. Electrostatically controlled diffusion of carboxylic acid derivatized silver colloidal particles in thermally evaporated fatty amine films. J Phys Chem B. 1998;102:1404–10. 10.1021/jp9719873.Search in Google Scholar

[25] Egger S, Lehmann RP, Height MJ, Loessner MJ, Schuppler M. Antimicrobial properties of a novel silver-silica nanocomposite material. Appl Env Microbiol. 2009;75(9):2973–6. 10.1128/AEM.01658-08.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[26] Kawahara K, Tsuruda K, Morishita M, Uchida M. Antibacterial effect of silver-zeolite on oral bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Dent Mater. 2000;16:452–5. 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00050-6.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee HJ, et al. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2007;3(1):95–101. 10.1016/j.nano.2006.12.001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative Bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Env Microbio 2007;73:1712–20.10.1128/AEM.02218-06Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[29] Grigor’eva A, Saranina I, Tikunova N, Safonov A, Timoshenko N, Rebrov A, et al. Fine Mechanisms of the interaction of silver nanoparticles with the cells of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Biometals. 2013;26:479–88.10.1007/s10534-013-9633-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] Goswami AM, Sarkar TS, Ghosh S. An ecofriendly synthesis of silver nano-bioconjugates by Penicillium citrinum (MTCC9999) and its antimicrobial effect. AMB Express. 2013;3:16.10.1186/2191-0855-3-16Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[31] Martinez-Castanon G, Nino-Martinez N, Martinez-Gutierrez F, Martinez-Mendoza J, Ruiz F. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle with different sizes. J Nano Res. 2008;10:1343–8.10.1007/s11051-008-9428-6Search in Google Scholar

[32] Tian J, Wong K, Ho CM, Lok CN, Yu WY, Che CM. Topical delivery of silver nanoparticles promotes wound healing. Chem Med Chem. 2007;2:129–36.10.1002/cmdc.200600171Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[33] Frankova J, Pivodova V, Vágnerova H, Juranova J, Ulrichova J. Effects of silver nanoparticles on primary cell cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a wound-healing model. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2016;14:e137–42. 10.5301/jabfm.5000268.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2023-02-27
Revised: 2023-05-12
Accepted: 2023-04-20
Published Online: 2023-06-15

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Value-added utilization of coal fly ash and recycled polyvinyl chloride in door or window sub-frame composites
  3. High removal efficiency of volatile phenol from coking wastewater using coal gasification slag via optimized adsorption and multi-grade batch process
  4. Evolution of surface morphology and properties of diamond films by hydrogen plasma etching
  5. Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
  6. Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
  7. The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
  8. Biodegradation of synthetic PVP biofilms using natural materials and nanoparticles
  9. Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice
  10. Optimization of apigenin nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: In vitro and in vivo studies
  11. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites leaves: Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on Capan-1, L929, and Caco-2 cell lines
  12. Exergy analysis of a conceptual CO2 capture process with an amine-based DES
  13. Construction of fluorescence system of felodipine–tetracyanovinyl–2,2′-bipyridine complex
  14. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over Bi2O3 supported on Zn-MOF nanocomposites under visible light
  15. Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
  16. Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
  17. Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
  18. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
  19. Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
  20. Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
  21. Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
  22. Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
  23. Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
  24. Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
  25. Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
  26. Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
  27. Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
  28. Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
  29. Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
  30. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
  31. Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
  32. Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
  33. Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
  34. Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
  35. Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
  36. An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
  37. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  38. Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
  39. Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
  40. Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
  41. Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
  42. Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
  43. Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
  44. Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
  45. A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
  46. Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
  47. Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
  48. Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
  49. Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
  50. The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
  51. Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
  52. A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0035
Keywords for this article
nanomaterials; silver nanoparticle; PVA; red cabbage; Brassica oleracea
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Value-added utilization of coal fly ash and recycled polyvinyl chloride in door or window sub-frame composites
  3. High removal efficiency of volatile phenol from coking wastewater using coal gasification slag via optimized adsorption and multi-grade batch process
  4. Evolution of surface morphology and properties of diamond films by hydrogen plasma etching
  5. Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
  6. Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
  7. The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
  8. Biodegradation of synthetic PVP biofilms using natural materials and nanoparticles
  9. Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice
  10. Optimization of apigenin nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: In vitro and in vivo studies
  11. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites leaves: Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on Capan-1, L929, and Caco-2 cell lines
  12. Exergy analysis of a conceptual CO2 capture process with an amine-based DES
  13. Construction of fluorescence system of felodipine–tetracyanovinyl–2,2′-bipyridine complex
  14. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over Bi2O3 supported on Zn-MOF nanocomposites under visible light
  15. Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
  16. Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
  17. Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
  18. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
  19. Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
  20. Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
  21. Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
  22. Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
  23. Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
  24. Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
  25. Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
  26. Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
  27. Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
  28. Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
  29. Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
  30. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
  31. Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
  32. Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
  33. Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
  34. Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
  35. Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
  36. An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
  37. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  38. Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
  39. Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
  40. Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
  41. Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
  42. Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
  43. Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
  44. Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
  45. A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
  46. Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
  47. Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
  48. Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
  49. Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
  50. The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
  51. Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
  52. A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 14.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/gps-2023-0035/html
Scroll to top button