Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
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Peng-Zhi Xiang
Abstract
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA) can form stable complexes with many metals. To improve the leaching rate of gold and the consumption rate of thiosulfate, EDTA and ammonia were combined with copper ions to form a copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system. Electrochemical methods were used to study the effect of thiosulfate, copper ion, EDTA, and polarization voltage. The results showed that increasing the concentrations of thiosulfate, copper ions, and EDTA promoted the dissolution of gold, which changed from electrochemical control to diffusion control after adding EDTA. The order of influence was thiosulfate > EDTA > copper ion. The pure gold leaching experiment showed that the dissolution rate of gold in the EDTA-ammonium-copper thiosulfate system was higher than that in the EDTA-copper-thiosulfuric acid system, thus achieving synergistic gold leaching.
1 Introduction
Thiosulfate gold extraction is the most promising non-cyanide gold extraction method for industrial applications. The copper ammonia-thiosulfate gold dissolution system is the most studied system and can achieve ideal gold dissolution at room temperature [1,2,3]. However, due to the strong oxidation ability of the copper-ammonia complex, the system consumes too much thiosulfate and produces a passivation layer on the gold surface [4].
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA) exists in aqueous solution in seven forms: H6Y2+, H5Y+, H4Y, H3Y−, H2Y2−, HY3−, and Y4−. At pH 10, EDTA mainly exists as HY3−, allowing Y4− and Y4− to coordinate directly with metal ions. HY3− also has a strong coordination ability. Cu2+ and EDTA form a 1:1 [CuY]2− complex. During leaching, the complex oxidizes gold to Au+, which reacts with
Thiosulfate is consumed during industrial gold leaching methods. To reduce sulfate consumption, it is necessary to reduce the electrode potential of the copper complex,
The electrode potential of the copper ion can be conditioned by adjusting the ligand. The need for gold immersion can be satisfied while the consumption of thiosulfate can be reduced. The cupric-ammonia system is one of the most studied systems, whose mixed potential can be regulated by complexing copper ions with two ligands. The synergistic complexation of copper with ammonia by EDTA has rarely been reported.
The leaching of gold is essentially an electrochemical process, so electrochemical methods can be used to study the leaching process of gold [7,8]. In this article, EDTA was used as a ligand, and ammonia or sodium hydroxide was used to adjust the pH of the solution to form two systems: copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system and copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system. The influence of various factors on the dissolution of gold in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was investigated, including the concentration of thiosulfate, copper ions, and EDTA. The effects of various factors of the two systems on the dissolution of gold were investigated by electrochemical analysis to provide a theoretical basis to improve the thiosulfate gold extraction method [9].
2 Experimental instruments and reagents
2.1 Experimental instruments
The following instruments were used: CHI650E Electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua); TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Beijing Puxi); and PHS-3C acidity meter (Shanghai Yidian Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.).
2.2 Experimental reagents
Sodium thiosulfate, copper sulfate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, and EDTA were analytically pure (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), and double-distilled water was used in all experiments.
3 Experimental methods
3.1 Electrochemical analysis
A three-electrode system was used during electrochemical tests. A gold electrode (CHI101, Chenhua, Shanghai) was used as the working electrode, platinum foil wire was used as the counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference electrode. All electrochemical measurements were carried out on an electrochemical workstation (CHI650E, Chenhua, Shanghai).
3.2 Analysis of gold in the leaching solution
A pure gold sheet (an area of 1 cm2, a thickness of 0.1 mm, and a purity of 99.9%) was leached. After leaching, 5 mL of the leaching solution was measured, and a small amount of distilled water was added for dilution. Then, 3 mL of hydrogen peroxide was slowly added for oxidation, so that the thiosulfate in the system was completely oxidized. After 15 min, 2 mL of 1:1 hydrochloric acid was added for acidification. The solution was placed on an electric heating plate, which was heated until clear. Then, three drops of 10% KCl solution were added, and the solution was heated until dry. The volume was adjusted to 250 mL with 5% aqua regia, and the concentration of gold was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (TAS-990, Puxitongyong).
3.3 AC impedance analysis
AC impedance, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), was measured with a 5 mV AC disturbance signal, using a frequency range from 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz. The impedance data were simulated and analyzed by ZSIMPWIN software. In the formula, R s represents the solution resistance, R p represents the electrode polarization resistance, R ct represents the dissolved electron transfer impedance of the gold electrode, Q 1 represents the electrode/solution bilayer, Q 2 represents the electrode/solute bilayer, and W represents the Warburg impedance. The equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Figure 1.
The equivalent circuit diagram: (a) R s(Q1(R ct W)), (b) R s(Q 1(R ct W))(Q 2 R 2), (c) R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct))), and (d) R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2(R ct W)))).
4 Results and discussion
4.1 Effect of thiosulfate
In the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system, the EDTA concentration was 0.005 M, and the copper ion concentration was 0.005 M. By adjusting the pH of the solution with ammonia, the effect of thiosulfate concentration on the dissolution of gold is analyzed by AC impedance spectroscopy (Figure 2a). The whole process system can be represented by R s(Q 1(R ct W)). The fitting parameters of the circuit diagram are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that Warburg impedance appears in this process, indicating that the gold dissolution reaction was diffusion controlled. R s decreased upon increasing the thiosulfate concentration, indicating an enhanced ionic strength of the solution. Upon increasing the thiosulfate concentration, R ct continually decreased (Figure 2b). In this system, the thiosulfate concentration decreased sharply from 0 to 0.02 M, indicating the need for thiosulfate in the thiosulfate gold dissolution system. When the concentration of thiosulfate increased to 0.1 M, R ct only slightly changed, indicating that it had little effect on the dissolution of gold beyond this concentration. This is consistent with the thiosulfate concentration used during gold leaching in the literature [10]. In addition, upon increasing the thiosulfate concentration, n gradually decreased, indicating that the dispersion degree increased and the gold surface became coarser due to the dissolution of gold [11]. Therefore, increasing the thiosulfate concentration promoted the dissolution of gold in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system.
AC impedance analysis of different thiosulfate concentrations: (a) Nyquist plots and (b) effects on R ct and W.
The fitting data of thiosulfate concentration in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system
| Thiosulfate concentration (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q (×10−6 S∙s n ∙cm−2) | n | R ct (×105 Ω∙cm2) | W (×10−6 S∙s0.5∙cm−2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1,315 | 3.002 | 0.7851 | 14.71 | 2.324 |
| 0.02 | 698.9 | 9.657 | 0.6545 | 3.293 | 10.25 |
| 0.04 | 360 | 1.994 | 0.5677 | 2.932 | 16.53 |
| 0.06 | 254.1 | 1.975 | 0.5790 | 1.149 | 12.23 |
| 0.08 | 211.8 | 1.902 | 0.5991 | 1.861 | 7.980 |
| 0.10 | 182.6 | 12.65 | 0.6598 | 0.4745 | 13.73 |
| 0.12 | 153 | 9.882 | 0.6921 | 0.4749 | 12.21 |
4.2 Influence of copper ion
The copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system contained 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M EDTA, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 10 using aqueous ammonia. The effect of copper ion concentration on gold dissolution was investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. The results are shown in Figure 3a. The equivalent circuit diagram of R s(Q 1(R ct W)) was fitted with the same symbols as in the previous section. The circuit diagram shows that the reaction was diffusion controlled. The fitting parameters were obtained according to the equivalent circuit diagram, and the results are shown in Table 2. Upon increasing the copper ion concentration, R s remained basically unchanged, indicating that increasing the copper ion concentration did not significantly change the ionic strength of the solution. Figure 3b shows that R ct always decreased upon increasing the copper ion concentration, which promoted the dissolution of gold [12]. Warburg impedance also appeared upon increasing the copper ion concentration, indicating that the reaction was diffusion-controlled.
AC impedance analysis of different copper ions concentrations: (a) Nyquist plots and (b) effects on R ct and W.
Fitted data for different copper concentrations [R s(Q(R ct W))]
| Copper ion concentration (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q (×10−7 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R ct (×105 Ω·cm2) | W (×10−6 S·s0.5·cm−2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 143.1 | 8.003 | 0.9283 | 2.911 | 2.554 |
| 0.001 | 144.7 | 7.518 | 0.9202 | 2.719 | 1.894 |
| 0.003 | 148.2 | 7.640 | 0.9085 | 2.596 | 2.006 |
| 0.005 | 151.1 | 8.029 | 0.9035 | 1.998 | 2.162 |
| 0.007 | 156.1 | 8.547 | 0.8956 | 1.829 | 2.307 |
The Q value also increased upon increasing the copper ion concentration, indicating that the charge storage capacity increased during the electrochemical reaction, i.e., the equivalent capacitor had a greater charge and discharge capacity during charge transfer. This made the charge transfer process of the entire system faster and accelerated the dissolution of gold. The value of n was close to 1, indicating that the dispersion effect was small, the surface of the gold electrode remained smooth, the surface of the gold electrode was less adsorbed, and there was no obvious passivation phenomenon. In general, the addition of copper ions and increasing the concentration did not greatly change R s and R ct, but this did not mean that the role of copper ions in the gold thiosulfate dissolution system was not very important. The reason for this may be that in the electrochemical system, the dissolution of gold mainly depended on the current, while the copper ions only showed good oxidation performance when they were actually leached. Therefore, R s changed little, while R ct decreased upon increasing the copper ion concentration, which also promoted the dissolution of gold. Warburg impedance appeared upon increasing the copper ion concentration.
4.3 Effect of EDTA
4.3.1 Influence of EDTA in the copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system
In the gold dissolution system containing 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M copper ions, the pH of the solution was adjusted by NaOH to 10, and the effect of EDTA concentration on the dissolution of gold was investigated. When no EDTA was added, R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct))) equivalent circuit diagram can be used for fitting, and the fitting data are shown in Table 3. After adding EDTA, the equivalent circuit diagram of R s(Q 1(R ct W)) can be used for fitting, and the fitting data are shown in Table 4. The electrical meaning of each symbol of the above circuits is the same as in the AC impedance analysis in Section 2.3.
Fitted data for 0 M EDTA [R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct)))]
| EDTA (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q 1 (×10−6 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R p (×105) | Q 2 (×10−6 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R ct (×105) | X 2 (×10−4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 76.13 | 1.116 | 0.8233 | 3.794 | 3.838 | 0.9257 | 4.021 | 7.36 |
Fitted data for different Cu2+ concentrations [R s(Q(R ct W))]
| EDTA (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q (×10−7 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R ct (×105) | W (×10−6 S·s0.5·cm−2) | X 2 (10−3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.002 | 76.78 | 1.101 | 0.8241 | 3.316 | 4.417 | 7.74 |
| 0.006 | 90.56 | 7.663 | 0.8611 | 5.288 | 3.979 | 7.18 |
| 0.010 | 82.54 | 7.598 | 0.8503 | 6.021 | 3.615 | 6.75 |
| 0.015 | 89.37 | 7.263 | 0.8510 | 6.118 | 2.893 | 6.43 |
R s increased slightly upon increasing the EDTA concentration because some copper ions complexed with EDTA, which reduced the ionic strength of the solution. The dissolution rate of EDTA increased first and then decreased upon increasing the EDTA concentration. After adding EDTA solution, Warburg impedance appeared, indicating that gold dissolution was diffusion controlled.
The above analysis shows that the addition of EDTA promoted the dissolution of gold in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system, but the concentration of EDTA should be controlled. It can be seen from Table 4 that the optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.002 M in the gold solution system at pH 10 containing 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M copper ions. When the EDTA concentration was 0.002 M and the copper ion concentration was 0.005 M, copper ions were not completely complexed. Therefore, some copper ions existed in the free state, which decreased the stability of thiosulfate. This shows that it is necessary to strictly control the ratio and concentration of each reagent to improve the leaching effect [13].
4.3.2 Influence of EDTA in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system
In the solution containing 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M copper ions, the effect of EDTA concentration on the dissolution of gold was investigated. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 10 with ammonia. Figure 4a shows the EIS spectra represented by a Nyquist plot. Similar to the previous use of sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution, when EDTA was not added, the equivalent circuit diagram of R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct))) was used for fitting, and the fitting data are shown in Table 5. After adding EDTA, R s(Q 1(R ct W)) equivalent circuit diagram was used for fitting, and the fitting data are shown in Table 6. The meanings of the above circuit symbols are consistent with the AC impedance analysis in Section 2.3.
AC impedance analysis of different EDTA concentrations: (a) Nyquist plot and (b) effects on R ct.
Fitted data for different EDTA concentrations [R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct)))]
| EDTA (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q 1 (×10−8 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R p (×105) | Q 2 (×10−5 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R ct (×105) | X 2 (×10−4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 14.96 | 3.9430 | 1 | 120.6 | 2.513 | 0.5248 | 6.696 | 4.881 |
Fitted data for different EDTA concentrations [R s(Q 1(R ct W))]
| EDTA (M) | R s (Ω·cm2) | Q (×10−6 S∙s n ∙cm−2) | n | R ct (×104) | W (×10−5 S∙s0.5∙cm−2) | X 2 (×10−3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.002 | 124 | 6.682 | 0.677 | 4.937 | 12.54 | 1.20 |
| 0.006 | 160.4 | 9.32 | 0.8141 | 1.288 | 6.842 | 1.57 |
| 0.010 | 157.9 | 8.71 | 0.8055 | 1.383 | 6.712 | 1.60 |
| 0.015 | 156 | 8.33 | 0.8025 | 1.534 | 6.307 | 1.61 |
Figure 4b shows increasing the EDTA concentration, R
s increased, indicating that the ionic strength of the solution decreased, and the conductivity of the solution decreased. The reason may be that
Compared with the above two systems, the equivalent circuit diagram of R s(Q 1(R p(Q 2 R ct))) was used before the addition of EDTA, and R s(Q 1(R ct W)) was used after the addition of EDTA. This indicates that regardless of whether sodium hydroxide or ammonia was used to adjust the pH of the solution, the influence mechanism by which the EDTA concentration changed the dissolution of gold was the same. This shows that the addition of EDTA changed the dissolution of gold from electrochemical control to diffusion control [14]. This means that the migration rate of EDTA became the decisive factor during gold dissolution.
EDTA alone as a ligand is disadvantageous to gold leaching. Figure 4b shows that upon increasing the EDTA concentration, the leaching of gold decreased. First, EDTA complexed with copper ions, reducing the mixed potential of the solution. Second, EDTA has a larger volume and a slower migration rate to the gold surface. Figure 4b shows that in the presence of ammonia, the R ct of the system was much lower than in the presence of sodium hydroxide, indicating that the gold dissolution rate of ammonia and EDTA as the ligand system was faster than when EDTA alone was used as the ligand. It can also be seen from Figure 4b that in the presence of ammonia, adding EDTA more effectively reduced R ct and was more conducive to the dissolution of gold. When the concentration of EDTA is 0.006 M, R ct was stable.
Changing the thiosulfate and EDTA concentrations and adjusting the pH of the solution using ammonia increased the stability of the system. AC impedance analysis also showed that the addition of EDTA and increasing the concentration promoted the dissolution of gold in the presence of ammonia. Therefore, during actual leaching, EDTA and ammonia ligands can be used to form a complex with copper ions to realize the co-leaching of gold. Previous literature has also shown [4] that EDTA can reduce the corrosion potential of gold from −0.253 to −0.302 V. The dissolution rate of gold will be accelerated accordingly.
It can be seen from the above analysis that the optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.006 M, and the molar ratio of EDTA to copper ion was about 1 in the gold solution system containing 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M copper ion solution at pH 10 adjusted by ammonia. The optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.002 M, and the molar ratio of EDTA to copper ion was 2:5 in the gold solution containing 0.1 M thiosulfate and 0.005 M copper ion solution.
The presence of ammonia determined whether increasing the EDTA concentration promoted the dissolution of gold. When ammonia was not present, EDTA was unfavorable to the dissolution of gold. If ammonia was present, increasing the EDTA concentration promoted the dissolution of gold.
4.4 Influence of polarization voltage
The AC impedance of the system was analyzed by changing the polarization voltage, and the effect of polarization voltage on gold dissolution was examined in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system at pH 10 using ammonia, containing 0.1 M thiosulfate, 0.005 M copper ions, and 0.006 M EDTA. Figure 5a shows the EIS spectra represented by a Nyquist plot measured by different polarization voltages. The process can be described by equivalent circuit R s(Q 1(R ct W))(Q 2 R 2). The Bode plot indicates a two-step reaction on the surface of the gold electrode. The first step is the dissolution of gold, and the second step is the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate on the surface of the gold electrode. Equations 5–7 are as follows:
AC impedance analysis with the polarization voltage: (a) Nyquist plots and (b) effects on R ct.
The fitting parameters are shown in Table 7. It can be seen that R ct was the largest in Table 7 and Figure 5b when the polarization voltage was 0.4 V, indicating the most serious surface passivation of the gold electrode. When the polarization potential was greater than 0.4 V, R ct showed a greater decrease, and the passivation layer may have been broken down locally (Eqs. 6 and 7). From the change of R ct, the polarization voltage reached 0.6 V, indicating that the passivation layer was almost completely destroyed when the polarization voltage was −0.2 V [15].
Fitted data for polarization voltage [R s(Q 1(R ct W))(Q 2 R 2)]
| Voltage (V) | R s (Ω∙cm2) | Q 1 (×10−7 S·s n ·cm−2) | n | R ct (×106 Ω·cm2) | W (×10−6 S·s0.5·cm−2) | Q 2 (×10−9 S·s n ·cm−2) | R 2 (Ω·cm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −0.2 | 21.56 | 3.101 | 0.8488 | 3.506 | 1.201 | 1.476 | 1,012 |
| 0.2 | 53.54 | 2.282 | 0.8823 | 1.848 | 0.227 | 1.818 | 992.1 |
| 0.3 | 85.96 | 1.905 | 0.9031 | 4.793 | 0.248 | 1.993 | 979.8 |
| 0.4 | 42.31 | 2.867 | 0.8447 | 8.888 | 1.446 | 1.824 | 953.3 |
| 0.5 | 34.90 | 2.441 | 0.8640 | 5.885 | 4.880 | 1.823 | 965.0 |
| 0.6 | 75.79 | 2.198 | 0.8759 | 3.481 | 7.542 | 2.000 | 937.2 |
In an actual leaching system, the mixing potential of the leaching solution of the thiosulfate system is usually 0.2–0.3 V [8]. Under the same conditions, the mixing potential of the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was smaller than that of the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system, which indicates that the copper-EDTA-ammonia thiosulfate system was less likely to produce passivation during actual leaching than the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system. Therefore, it can be predicted that the potential for the passivation of the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate and copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate systems was in the range of 0.2–0.4 V. Thus, the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system was more likely to be passivated than the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system. This shows that the passivation potential of gold leaching with EDTA and ammonia was higher than that using ammonia as the ligand. The passivation of the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was more difficult to occur during leaching.
4.5 Validation test
To compare the dissolution rates of gold in the copper-EDTA-thiosulfate and copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate systems, pure gold tablets were dissolved. In the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system, the optimal EDTA concentration was 0.006 M. To compare the dissolution rate of gold in the two systems, the concentration of EDTA was set to 0.002 M in both systems. Therefore, the leaching conditions of the two systems were as follows: the concentration of thiosulfate was 0.1 M, the concentration of copper ion was 0.005 M, and the concentration of EDTA was 0.002 M. In the first system, ammonia was used to adjust the pH of the solution to 10 to form a copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system. The other system used sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 10 to form a copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system. The stirring speed was 300 rpm, and the dissolution rate of gold was examined over 6 h. The results are shown in Figure 6. The leaching rate of gold in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was higher than that in the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system. This result is consistent with that of the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system, in which R ct was much lower than that in the copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system. This also shows that the passivation of the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was relatively small during leaching [16].
The dissolution rate of gold and the consumption of thiosulfate over time.
5 Conclusion
In this article, the effects of various factors on the leaching of gold in copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system with EDTA have been investigated. The results showed that EDTA had certain advantages for coordinating with ammonia and complexing copper ions to catalyze the thiosulfate leaching of gold. The following conclusions were drawn:
The presence of ammonia determined whether increasing the EDTA concentration promoted the dissolution of gold.
The dissolution of gold changed from electrochemical control to diffusion control after adding EDTA. Charge-transfer resistance in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system was much lower than that in the copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system.
The addition of EDTA reduced the charge-transfer resistance and was more conducive to the dissolution of gold in the presence of ammonia.
Electrochemistry results showed that the factors affecting the dissolution of gold in the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system followed the order thiosulfate > EDTA > copper ion.
The verification experiments of pure gold leaching showed that the copper-EDTA-ammonia-thiosulfate system had a higher gold leaching rate than the copper-EDTA-thiosulfate system.
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Funding information: This work was supported by the Yunnan Education Department (2021J1374, 2021J1378) and the Yunnan Open University Scientific Research Fund (21YNOU03).
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Author contributions: Xiang Peng Zhi: writing of the original draft and formal analysis; Ye Guo Hua: methodology and funding acquisition.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Data availability statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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- Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
- Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
- Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
- Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
- Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
- Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
- Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
- Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
- Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
- Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
- Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
- Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
- Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
- Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
- Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
- Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
- Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
- Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
- Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
- An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
- Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
- Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
- Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
- Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
- Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
- Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
- Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
- A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
- Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
- Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
- Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
- Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
- The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
- Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
- A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
- Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
- Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
- Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
- Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
- Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
- In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
- Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
- Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
- Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
- Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
- Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
- Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
- Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
- Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
- Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
- Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
- Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
- Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
- Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
- The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
- Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
- Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
- The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
- Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
- A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
- Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
- Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
- A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
- Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
- Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
- Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
- Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
- Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
- Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
- Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
- Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
- The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
- Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
- Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
- Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
- Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
- Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
- Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
- Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
- Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
- Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
- Review Articles
- Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
- Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
- Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
- Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
- Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
- Rapid Communication
- Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
- Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
- Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
- Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
- Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
- Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
- Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
- Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
- Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
- Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
- Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
- Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
- Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
- Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
- Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
- Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Articles
- Value-added utilization of coal fly ash and recycled polyvinyl chloride in door or window sub-frame composites
- High removal efficiency of volatile phenol from coking wastewater using coal gasification slag via optimized adsorption and multi-grade batch process
- Evolution of surface morphology and properties of diamond films by hydrogen plasma etching
- Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
- Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
- The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
- Biodegradation of synthetic PVP biofilms using natural materials and nanoparticles
- Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice
- Optimization of apigenin nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: In vitro and in vivo studies
- Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites leaves: Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on Capan-1, L929, and Caco-2 cell lines
- Exergy analysis of a conceptual CO2 capture process with an amine-based DES
- Construction of fluorescence system of felodipine–tetracyanovinyl–2,2′-bipyridine complex
- Excellent photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over Bi2O3 supported on Zn-MOF nanocomposites under visible light
- Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
- Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
- Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
- Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
- Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
- Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
- Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
- Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
- Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
- Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
- Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
- Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
- Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
- Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
- Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
- Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
- Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
- Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
- Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
- Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
- Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
- An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
- Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
- Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
- Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
- Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
- Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
- Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
- Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
- Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
- A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
- Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
- Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
- Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
- Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
- The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
- Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
- A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
- Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
- Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
- Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
- Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
- Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
- In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
- Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
- Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
- Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
- Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
- Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
- Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
- Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
- Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
- Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
- Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
- Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
- Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
- Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
- The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
- Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
- Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
- The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
- Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
- A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
- Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
- Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
- A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
- Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
- Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
- Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
- Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
- Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
- Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
- Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
- Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
- The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
- Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
- Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
- Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
- Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
- Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
- Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
- Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
- Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
- Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
- Review Articles
- Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
- Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
- Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
- Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
- Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
- Rapid Communication
- Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
- Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
- Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
- Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
- Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
- Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
- Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
- Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
- Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
- Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
- Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
- Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
- Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
- Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
- Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
- Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
