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Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications

  • Radjarejesri Shesayar , Amit Agarwal , Syed Noeman Taqui , Yuvaraj Natarajan EMAIL logo , Sarvesh Rustagi , Sweety Bharti , Anchal Trehan , Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian , Moorthy Muruganandham , Palanivel Velmurugan , Natarajan Arumugam , Abdulrahman I. Almansour , Raju Suresh Kumar and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 11, 2023
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Green Processing and Synthesis
From the journal Green Processing and Synthesis Volume 12 Issue 1

Abstract

Everything around us is made up of atoms and molecules. The properties of quantum atoms are sought to understand the behavior of a particular object. But with the advent of research, it was discovered that there is a quantity smaller than the molecular size. The nanoscale measures a fraction of a billionth of a meter. The atom of an object measures 0.1 nm. Since atoms are the building blocks of matter, at the nanoscale one can combine these atoms to create new materials. The proposed model displays the properties of these nano-scale elements in modern medical applications. The nano-scale research of matter is fascinating because it is the basic phase in which atoms are held together. Therefore, by manipulating material at this level, one can create many different types of objects. This proposed model calculates the operation requirements and expects the results. Based on the operational requirements, the proposed model provides the suggestions. This will be helpful for the medical researchers to identify the proper medical treatments based on the microbiological requirements.

Keywords: atom; molecular size; nanoscale; quantum atoms

1 Introduction

The utterance nano expresses to a fraction as a billionth of a gauge. It is smaller than the wavelength of light. Nanotechnology refers to all research related to manipulation at the nano-scale level. It has been found that the quantum properties of a nano-scale object differ from those of the atomic scale [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Beyth et al. [1] discussed that nano-scale materials are used for bulk applications. Nano-fillers are formed, which are used in solar cells to reduce their production cost. Nanotechnology has completed an important part to the area of bio-medical medication. In their study, Brahim et al. [2] examined the significance of nanotechnology in various areas, including tissue manufacturing, controlled drug release, and biosensor development. Nanoscale structures may be constructed with remarkable accuracy using methods like DNA nanotechnology and DNA origami, enabling the development of sophisticated DNA architectures and functioning nano-devices. Nanotechnology has aided the construction of synthetic DNA and the study of other nucleic acids. Brede and Labhasetwar [3] expressed the assembly of materials; this technology helped to shape well-formed molecules. New fabrication techniques such as nanolithography and atomic deposition were developed [4].

In the Casals et al. [5] emphasized the focus of nanotechnology studies on nano-scale materials. The science of manipulating material to create high performance is called nanotechnology and microprocessors are called nanoparticles. Chapman et al. [6] expressed that nanotechnology is used to produce pharmaceutical products it is referred to as nanomedicine. Nanotechnology is widely used to make electronic devices called nanoelectronics. The nanotechnology has two types of approaches – down-increase draw near and top-bottom draw near. Inside the downstream draw near, products are formed from small components that move toward larger components. Cheng et al. [7] discussed the top-down approach, nanomaterials are formed from large companies. DNA nanorobots, or DNA-based nanomachines, have been made possible thanks to advancements in nanotechnology. Targeted medication delivery, molecular sensing, and gene control are among a few of the biological functions that these nanoscale devices are intended to accomplish. DNA nanorobots provide unparalleled opportunities for progress in health and biotechnology due to their ability to exert fine-tuned control over molecular interactions. For many years, nanotechnology has provided the basic scientific foundation for nanotechnology, nanophotonics, and nanonomics, as well [8]. Nanophotonics is the study and application of nanoscale light-matter interactions. Using nanostructures and nanoscale materials to manipulate and control light is involved. Nanonomics examines nanotechnology’s economic effects. Nanotechnology impacts industry, healthcare, energy, and the environment. Therefore, research related to nanotechnology is very extensive, including organic chemistry, molecular biology, surface science, energy storage, molecular engineering, semiconductor physics, and micro-fabrication. The nanoscale is up to 1–100 nm. It is smaller than the micro-scale and larger than the atomic size [9,10,11]. It is important to have a strong background in many sciences as the research surrounding this technology encompasses various characteristics of the subject. It shows the different pace and growth that is occurring in the medical world [12]. Nanotechnology has played a crucial role in the development of nucleic acid sensors, which are essential for a variety of applications, such as disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Nanoscale materials, including nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanotubes, can be engineered to detect specific nucleic acid sequences with high sensitivity and selectivity, resulting in rapid and precise detection methods. Technology has taken it to the next level by diagnosing and treating a variety of more complex diseases. Thus, the development of the medical field is greatly beneficial to the people [13]. Nanotechnology has made significant contributions to the medical field, revolutionizing disease diagnostics, treatment strategies, and drug delivery systems. Nano-bots are the next generation of nano-machines [14]. They can sense and adapt to changes in their environment, make complex calculations, communicate, move actively, gather at the molecular level, repair, or procreate. Such advanced nanotechnologies have great potential for use in medicine [16]. These are machines that make it possible to control nanorobots. The craving to create nano-computers, the longing to make quantum-based computing, unlocks up never-ending potential for the use of nanotechnology in medication. Nanorobots, also known as nanobots or nanoscale robots, have a tremendous amount of potential to revolutionize medicine and healthcare. Some of the areas in which nanorobots could make a difference in these fields include targeted drug delivery, site-specific diagnostics, minimally invasive surgeries, microsurgery, and tissue engineering, biosensing and monitoring, cleaning, detoxification, and navigating the circulatory system [17].

At the nanoscale, the laws of quantum mechanics of matter are very different from its atomic level. For example, a substance that acts as an insulator in molecular form can act as a semiconductor during nano-scale fracture. At this level, the melting point of the material may in addition transform payable to the increase in shell region [18]. All the research surrounding nanotechnology today involves exploring these properties at the nanoscale and learning how to apply them to new applications [19,20,21,22]. The nanotechnology today refers to the science of creating products from the bottom up using the tools and technology available today to create high-performance products.

2 Proposed method

The proposed nanoscale molecular identifier (NSMI) makes it possible to create absolutely any substance by manipulating the individual atoms of matter shown in Figure 1. It will not only transform other technologies and defeat aging and disease but will also provide wonderful material wealth to mankind. In practice, nanotechnology solves the following important tasks in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and related fields:

  1. Creating solid bodies and surfaces with modified molecular structure. In practice, it can act as metals, mineral and organic compounds, nano-tubes, biologically compatible polymers (plastics), and other materials that mimic the tissues of organisms, drug delivery vehicles, or implants.

  2. Development of nano-container technologies for vector drug distribution.

  3. Synthesis of new chemical compounds by the formation of molecules without chemical reactions. Over the next 10–20 years, this will lead to the expansion of new medicine for the synthetics, pharmacists, and physicians “designing” based on a specific disease and a particular patient.

  4. Bio-similar: development of autoimmune (self-propagating) systems based on bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

  5. Developing precision medical nano-manipulators and diagnostic devices.

Figure 1 NSMI-focused modules.
Figure 1

NSMI-focused modules.

Considering an atom as a detail, nanotechnologists develop methods to create objects with specific properties from these details. Many companies already know how to combine atoms and molecules into certain structures. Figure 2 shows modern observation for human body.

Figure 2 Modern observation of human body.
Figure 2

Modern observation of human body.

In the future, any molecules will be collected like a child designer because they can create any chemically. Figure 3 structures that can be described by an appropriate formula.

Figure 3 Proposed blocks of MMA.
Figure 3

Proposed blocks of MMA.

2.1 Modern medical application (MMA) data set details

MMA refers to the utilization of advanced technologies, techniques, and innovations in the field of medicine. It encompasses the integration of cutting-edge tools and methodologies to enhance patient care, improve diagnostic capabilities, and refine treatment approaches. MMA encompasses a wide range of disciplines and technologies, including nanotechnology, robotics, artificial intelligence, genomics, and more.

2.1.1 MMA 1 restoration at the cellular level

In the human body, cell death and the formation of replacement cells continue. By regulating these, the various tissues of the human body can receive large quantities of new cells. Nanobots and other devices can be used for manipulations at the molecular level to recover cells [7].

2.1.2 MMA 2 cardio-vascular scheme

Cardiology is one of the key components of nanotechnology. In particular, nano-robots can perform a number of functions, such as repairing damaged heart tissue. Another option for using nanotechnology in medicine is to clean the arteries from atherosclerosis and other types of complications [15].

2.1.3 MMA 3 cancer treatment

The first steps in using nanotechnology in oncology have already had great success. The functions of some nano-devices allow us to target cancer cells very precisely and destroy them without harming the healthy cells around them [8].

2.1.4 MMA 4 old age

Nanotechnology cannot be used in medicine to eliminate some of the signs of aging. Nanotechnology treatments for the elderly offer immense benefits. Thus, they can solve various problems in the body.

2.1.5 MMA 5 fitting of devices

Implants used in traditional medicine today instead create the necessary structures by introducing nano-robots into the body [21].

2.1.6 MMA 6 nano-towers

This device is another great example of how nanotechnology can be used in medicine. It is designed for the operation of nanostructures. Nano-towers can be used to move or insert nano-devices into the body before inserting them. As a rule, nanotubes are used in the construction of nano-towers [4].

2.1.7 MMA 7 distribution of drugs and medicines

Automated devices that dispense drugs to the body increase the stability of their systems because they deliver drugs to the system as needed. In medicine, such nanotechnologies make it possible to program delivery systems so that they release certain drugs in a timely manner and without the possibility of human error [4].

2.1.8 MMA 8 virtual reality

Nanotechnology in medicine makes it easy for physicians to study the human body through nanopod injection. Created virtual reality allows medical personnel to perform certain complex functions more “realistically.”

2.1.9 MMA 9 bone regeneration

The use of nanotechnology helps to accelerate bone regeneration. Nanoparticles contain a variety of chemical compounds that can bind to bone tissue and even help with spinal cord injury.

2.1.10 MMA 10 gene therapy

In medicine, nanotechnologies are used to penetrate the human body and make changes in its genome. As a result, it can cure a variety of genetic diseases.

2.1.11 MMA 11 stem cells

In medicine, nanotechnology can help turn mature stem cells into the desired cell type. Studies in mice have shown that nanotubes can be used to convert adult stem cells into functional neurons.

2.1.12 MMA 12 visualization

Applications in medical nanotechnology have the potential to accomplish much work much easier and more visually. Thus, the quality of the particular work and its practical functions can be easily completed.

2.1.13 MMA 13 diabetics

With the use of nanotechnology in medicine, such as lenses, blood collection becomes unnecessary to detect the level of sugar. It is easy to calculate the amount of sugar in the human body and its deficiency in various quantities.

2.1.14 MMA 14 surgery

Today, you will not surprise anyone with the invention of the modern world like robotic surgeons. Although nano-surgery is a promising industry that uses some lasers, nano-devices are designed to perform surgical operations.

2.1.15 MMA 15 fits

This is another problem with the use of nanotechnology in medicine. Nano-chips are being developed to control seizures in epilepsy patients. They are designed to pick up signals given by the brain, analyze them, and adjust the brain, making it easier to control seizures [21].

2.1.16 MMA 16 touch feedback

The nano-chip is very important. The main function of the sensors is to transmit the signals generated when they touch. Thus, the various jobs that are given there are easily done.

2.1.17 MMA 17 prosthesis management

Nanotechnologies also have their place in artificial medicine. They help the brain cope with the control of artificial organs. There are already ample examples of nano-chips being used for this purpose.

2.1.18 MMA 18 medical control

Nanotechnology is used in various therapies in the medical field to control, calculate and analyze various tasks. Thus, the various parameters that exist in Hinduism can be easily calculated.

2.1.19 MMA 19 medical records

This nanotechnology plays a major role in the process of diagnosing and documenting various diseases in the body of patients.

2.1.20 MMA 20 preventing diseases

Nanotechnology in medicine can actually prevent a variety of diseases. Therefore, nano-devices, if properly programmed, can help prevent many diseases by detecting problems before they intensify. They also help prevent chronic diseases [22].

2.1.21 MMA 21 prenatal diagnosis

Nanotechnologies are used in medicine for prenatal diagnosis. Nano-devices can penetrate the uterus or even the fetus without any damage. Thus, they can help diagnose and eliminate fetal problems that may occur while still in the womb.

2.1.22 MMA 22 individual medicine

Nanotechnologies in medicine help to prescribe the most accurate treatment and determine its course, taking into account the individual needs of the body, as it has the potential to adapt to any person’s genes.

2.1.23 MMA 23 research

Nanotechnology in medicine makes it possible to advance medical research quickly, providing the tools needed to do so, through which a person learns new things about the function and structure of his body. Nanotechnologies in medicine can provide the building materials needed for the human body [15].

3 Results and discussion

The proposed NSMI was compared with the existing alternative antimicrobial approach, co-joined molecular recognition, nanoscale delivery systems, and nanoparticles for cancer imaging.

3.1 MMA drug transport

In this case, we see nanoparticles, which are transported as specific structures or combinations thereof; to provide intact treatments to specific areas of the body; in small doses to reduce side effects. Figure 4 shows the comparison of MMA drug transport.

Figure 4 Comparison of MMA drug transport.
Figure 4

Comparison of MMA drug transport.

3.2 Restricted output

Essentially, the idea of controlled release consists of nanostructures responsible for delivering drugs to the affected area; but they will only release it once they have recognized the area in question, in response to a particular stimulus. Figure 5 shows the comparison of restricted output [23].

Figure 5 Comparison of restricted output.
Figure 5

Comparison of restricted output.

3.3 Cell regeneration

In the field of cell regeneration, nanomedicine has had interesting implications, making it possible to diversify its function. Figure 6 shows the comparison of cell regeneration [24].

Figure 6 Comparison of cell regeneration.
Figure 6

Comparison of cell regeneration.

3.4 Nerve regeneration

Nanostructures work effectively to seal cells and tissues; but in addition, they can be used to guide and stimulate the growth of cells, which act as scaffolds for the growth of renewed nerve tissue. Figure 7 shows the comparison of nerve regeneration [25].

Figure 7 Comparison of nerve regeneration.
Figure 7

Comparison of nerve regeneration.

3.5 Brain regeneration

Various investigations have found that nanoparticles act as the basis for those free radicals that act as brain protectors against cell death, superoxides can be caused by nitric oxide or various free radicals associated with ischemia and stroke, as well as damage to the brain or spine. Figure 8 shows the comparison of brain regeneration [26].

Figure 8 Comparison of brain regeneration.
Figure 8

Comparison of brain regeneration.

3.6 Imaging

Nanoparticle systems are also used as imaging agents, which can detect a variety of diseases; among them, we find iron oxide, cerium oxide, and perfluorocarbon, as well as platinum nanoparticles or quantum dots. Figure 9 shows the comparison of MMA imaging. Using these systems, it is possible to detect various tumors called nuclear magnetic resonance. All the information we have collected about this is medical nanotechnology, which we believe was your choice; Likewise, to further expand this information, we are going to send you a video on nanomedicine and cancer treatment [27,28].

Figure 9 Comparison of MMA imaging.
Figure 9

Comparison of MMA imaging.

4 Conclusion

The development of the field of nanotechnology has contributed to the evolution of various new sciences. Using nanotechnology, we can manipulate the properties of materials to suit our needs. Materials can be made more durable, stable, stronger, lighter, more reactive, better conductors, and so on. The disadvantages related to nanotechnology usually occur with the development of new technology. The impact of nanotechnology on environmental conditions is greatly feared. The impact of this technology on the world economy is also worrying. Future research in the field of nanotechnology involves the development of nanorobotics and its applications in medicine. New nano-production devices are proposed for future commercial applications. Nanomines are proposed to facilitate the development of new nanomaterials and nano-systems. Its properties are made of things that can be easily modified and controlled externally. New terms such as biotechnology and femto technology have been incorporated into this technology use.

  1. Funding information: The project was funded by Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2023R231), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  2. Author contributions: Radjarejesri Shesayar: conceptualization, investigation, data collection, formal analysis, methodology, writing – original draft; Amit Agarwal: formal analysis, visualization; Syed Noeman Taqui: formal analysis, methodology; Yuvaraj Natarajan: formal analysis, methodology; Sarvesh Rustagi, Sweety Bharti: formal analysis, visualization; Anchal Trehan: formal analysis, visualization; Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian: writing – review and editing; Moorthy Muruganandham: formal analysis; Palanivel Velmurugan: formal analysis, writing – review and editing; Natarajan Arumugam: formal analysis, methodology; Abdulrahman I. Almansour: formal analysis, methodology; Raju Suresh Kumar: formal analysis, methodology; Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar: formal analysis, writing – review and editing.

  3. Conflict of interest: One of the authors (Palanivel Velmurugan) is a member of the Editorial Board of Green Processing and Synthesis.

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Received: 2023-03-31
Revised: 2023-05-23
Accepted: 2023-05-31
Published Online: 2023-07-11

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0055
Keywords for this article
atom; molecular size; nanoscale; quantum atoms
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Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Value-added utilization of coal fly ash and recycled polyvinyl chloride in door or window sub-frame composites
  3. High removal efficiency of volatile phenol from coking wastewater using coal gasification slag via optimized adsorption and multi-grade batch process
  4. Evolution of surface morphology and properties of diamond films by hydrogen plasma etching
  5. Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
  6. Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
  7. The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
  8. Biodegradation of synthetic PVP biofilms using natural materials and nanoparticles
  9. Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice
  10. Optimization of apigenin nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling: In vitro and in vivo studies
  11. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites leaves: Cytotoxic, apoptotic, and necrotic effects on Capan-1, L929, and Caco-2 cell lines
  12. Exergy analysis of a conceptual CO2 capture process with an amine-based DES
  13. Construction of fluorescence system of felodipine–tetracyanovinyl–2,2′-bipyridine complex
  14. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B over Bi2O3 supported on Zn-MOF nanocomposites under visible light
  15. Optimization-based control strategy for a large-scale polyhydroxyalkanoates production in a fed-batch bioreactor using a coupled PDE–ODE system
  16. Effectiveness of pH and amount of Artemia urumiana extract on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of UV-fabricated biogold nanoparticles
  17. Geranium leaf-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their transcriptomic effects on Candida albicans
  18. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiadiazine-2-thiones
  19. Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
  20. Putative anti-proliferative effect of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seed and its nano-formulation
  21. Enrichment of low-grade phosphorites by the selective leaching method
  22. Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
  23. Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites
  24. Evaluation of nano-selenium biofortification characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
  25. Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
  26. Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
  27. Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
  28. Photocatalytic properties of ZnFe-mixed oxides synthesized via a simple route for water remediation
  29. Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
  30. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
  31. Microfluidic steam-based synthesis of luminescent carbon quantum dots as sensing probes for nitrite detection
  32. Transformation of eggshell waste to egg white protein solution, calcium chloride dihydrate, and eggshell membrane powder
  33. Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
  34. Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
  35. Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
  36. An efficient and green synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones via t-BuONa-mediated oxidative condensation of 2-aminobenzamides and benzyl alcohols under solvent- and transition metal-free conditions
  37. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl to manage weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  38. Synergism between lignite and high-sulfur petroleum coke in CO2 gasification
  39. Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
  40. Rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria leaves: An eco-friendly management of disease-causing vectors and bacterial pathogens
  41. Study on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of reduced TiO2 nanotube films for removal of methyl orange
  42. Development of a fuzzy logic model for the prediction of spark-ignition engine performance and emission for gasoline–ethanol blends
  43. Micro-impact-induced mechano-chemical synthesis of organic precursors from FeC/FeN and carbonates/nitrates in water and its extension to nucleobases
  44. Green synthesis of strontium-doped tin dioxide (SrSnO2) nanoparticles using the Mahonia bealei leaf extract and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
  45. A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Cladostepus spongiosus macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors
  46. Catalysts based on nickel salt heteropolytungstates for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide
  47. Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
  48. Removal behavior of Zn and alkalis from blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sinter process
  49. Environmentally friendly synthesis and computational studies of novel class of acridinedione integrated spirothiopyrrolizidines/indolizidines
  50. The mechanisms of inhibition and lubrication of clean fracturing flowback fluids in water-based drilling fluids
  51. Adsorption/desorption performance of cellulose membrane for Pb(ii)
  52. A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3-c]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction
  53. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
  54. Electrochemical analysis of copper-EDTA-ammonia-gold thiosulfate dissolution system
  55. Characterization of bio-oil production by microwave pyrolysis from cashew nut shells and Cassia fistula pods
  56. Green synthesis methods and characterization of bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites
  57. Photocatalytic research performance of zinc oxide/graphite phase carbon nitride catalyst and its application in environment
  58. Effect of phytogenic iron nanoparticles on the bio-fortification of wheat varieties
  59. In vitro anti-cancer and antimicrobial effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the Glycyrrhiza uralensis leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines
  60. Preparation of Pd/Ce(F)-MCM-48 catalysts and their catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization
  61. Green “one-pot” fluorescent bis-indolizine synthesis with whole-cell plant biocatalysis
  62. Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2
  63. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from molted feathers of Pavo cristatus and their antibiofilm and anticancer activities
  64. Clean preparation of rutile from Ti-containing mixed molten slag by CO2 oxidation
  65. Synthesis and characterization of Pluronic F-127-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala leaf for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties
  66. Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
  67. Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles
  68. Microwave-accelerated pretreatment technique in green extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from camelina seeds: Effectiveness and characterization
  69. Studies on the extraction performance of phorate by aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in plasma samples
  70. Investigation of structural properties and antibacterial activity of AgO nanoparticle extract from Solanum nigrum/Mentha leaf extracts by green synthesis method
  71. Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
  72. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  73. The enhanced adsorption properties of phosphorus from aqueous solutions using lanthanum modified synthetic zeolites
  74. Separation of graphene oxides of different sizes by multi-layer dialysis and anti-friction and lubrication performance
  75. Visible-light-assisted base-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized cinnolines
  76. The experimental study on the air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with Co–Mn–Br system
  77. Highly efficient removal of tetracycline and methyl violet 2B from aqueous solution using the bimetallic FeZn-ZIFs catalyst
  78. A thermo-tolerant cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M7, an insight into synthesis, optimization, characterization, and bio-polishing activity
  79. Exploration of ketone derivatives of succinimide for their antidiabetic potential: In vitro and in vivo approaches
  80. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis and in silico study of 6-(4-(butylamino)-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)oxypyridazine derivatives
  81. A study of the anticancer potential of Pluronic F-127 encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from Berberis vulgaris extract
  82. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Consolida orientalis flowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
  83. Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
  84. Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
  85. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum-mediated synthesized novel silver nanoparticles
  86. Synthesis of a silica matrix with ZnO nanoparticles for the fabrication of a recyclable photodegradation system to eliminate methylene blue dye
  87. Natural polymer fillers instead of dye and pigments: Pumice and scoria in PDMS fluid and elastomer composites
  88. Study on the preparation of glycerylphosphorylcholine by transesterification under supported sodium methoxide
  89. Wireless network handheld terminal-based green ecological sustainable design evaluation system: Improved data communication and reduced packet loss rate
  90. The optimization of hydrogel strength from cassava starch using oxidized sucrose as a crosslinking agent
  91. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharum officinarum leaf extract for antiviral paint
  92. Study on the reliability of nano-silver-coated tin solder joints for flip chips
  93. Environmentally sustainable analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of brilliant blue in commercial food samples employing a green-ultrasound-assisted extraction technique
  94. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of zinc/sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol/d-pinitol nanocomposites against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
  95. Nanoporous carbon@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a green absorbent for the adsorptive removal of Hg(ii) from aqueous solutions
  96. Characterization of silver sulfide nanoparticles from actinobacterial strain (M10A62) and its toxicity against lepidopteran and dipterans insect species
  97. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera: Investigating antioxidant potential
  98. Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites
  99. Magnesium nanohydroxide (2D brucite) as a host matrix for thymol and carvacrol: Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition of foodborne pathogens
  100. Synergistic inhibitive effect of a hybrid zinc oxide-benzalkonium chloride composite on the corrosion of carbon steel in a sulfuric acidic solution
  101. Review Articles
  102. Role and the importance of green approach in biosynthesis of nanopropolis and effectiveness of propolis in the treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
  103. Gum tragacanth-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, characterization, and their applications as a bactericide, catalyst, antioxidant, and peroxidase mimic
  104. Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
  105. Reaction mechanisms in microwave-assisted lignin depolymerisation in hydrogen-donating solvents
  106. Recent progress on non-noble metal catalysts for the deoxydehydration of biomass-derived oxygenates
  107. Rapid Communication
  108. Phosphorus removal by iron–carbon microelectrolysis: A new way to achieve phosphorus recovery
  109. Special Issue: Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications (Guest Editors: Arpita Roy and Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli)
  110. Biomolecules-derived synthesis of nanomaterials for environmental and biological applications
  111. Nano-encapsulated tanshinone IIA in PLGA-PEG-COOH inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
  112. Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Melia azedarach ripened fruit extract, their characterization, and biological properties
  113. Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
  114. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Cassia alata leaf aqueous extract
  115. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callisia fragrans leaf extract and its anticancer activity against MCF-7, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MKN-7 cell lines
  116. Algae-based green AgNPs, AuNPs, and FeNPs as potential nanoremediators
  117. Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  118. Phytocrystallization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia alata flower extract for effective control of fungal skin pathogens
  119. Antibacterial wound dressing with hydrogel from chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol from the red cabbage extract loaded with silver nanoparticles
  120. Leveraging of mycogenic copper oxide nanostructures for disease management of Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea
  121. Nanoscale molecular reactions in microbiological medicines in modern medical applications
  122. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO/β-cyclodextrin/nicotinic acid nanocomposite and its biological and environmental application
  123. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Taxus wallichiana Zucc. plant-derived Taxol: Novel utilization as anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiurolithic potential
  124. Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application
  125. Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications
  126. Erratum
  127. Erratum to “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nanoparticles of clodinofop propargyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl on weed control, growth, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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