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Antioxidant, Anti-microbial Properties and Chemical Composition of Cumin Essential Oils Extracted by Three Methods

  • Lianying Fang , Xiangxing Wang , Limin Guo and Qiang Liu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 10, 2018
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activity of cumin essential oils (CEOs) extracted by different techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), subcritical butane extraction (SBE) and traditional solvent extraction (SE). Our results indicated that CEOs are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, including cumin aldehyde, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. The most abundant components found in CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were similar, while the abundant components in SE, β-Cumic aldehyde (19.31%) and α-phellandrene (9.49%), were distinctive. CEOs obtained by SCE exhibited higher antioxidant activity, followed by those extracted by SE and SBE. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were higher than that of CEOs collected by SE. In conclusion, CEOs exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, which suggests a potential role of CEOs in preventing diseases associated with aging and oxidative stress, and our results highlight the potential usage of CEOs in the food industry.

Keywords: Cumin essential oils; Antioxidant; Antimicrobial; Chemical composition

1 Introduction

Cumin, an important commercial seed spice belonging to the umbelliferae family, is native to south and southwest Asia [1], and it is particularly abundant in the Xinjiang region of China. Cumin is widely consumed throughout the world due to its pleasant aroma [2,3]. The seeds of the cumin plant are used extensively as a spice for flavoring and preserving food, especially in bakery products and cheese [4]. Due to its bioactive constituents, cumin possesses multiple biological functions that are important in the use of traditional Chinese herbs for preventing chronic diseases, such as blood hyperviscosity, hypertension, high cholesterol and arteriosclerosis [5,6,7]. Moreover, cumin essential oils (CEOs) have been shown to have anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiseptic and antioxidant properties, and the oils can inhibit blood platelet aggregation [8,9,10].

CEOs are an aromatic oily liquad obtained from cumin seeds via various extraction techniques [11]. The most commonly used techniques to extract and purify essential oils include solvent extraction (SE), supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE), and subcritical butane extraction (SBE). Previous research has investigated the chemical compositions and bioactive functions of CEOs [10]. However, few studies have focused on the identification of bioactive compounds and the potential anti-microbial and antioxidant effects of extracts from Xinjiang cumin. A complete understanding of CEOs function requires further analyses of antioxidant and anti-microbial activities and the bioactive compound content of CEOs obtained by different extraction methods. Our results provide insight into the potential impact of extraction techniques on the chemical composition and biological function of CEOs, and they suggest that the choice of extraction method is critical in order to obtain the desired composition in a CEOs product.

2 Experimental

2.1 Chemicals and strains

Chemicals of analytical grade, such as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin C (Vc), crystal violet, ferrous sulfate and 2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), were obtained from Solarbio Chemical (Beijing, China). The bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were preserved at the College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4741) was purchased on Euroscarf. The bacterial strains were stored as glycerol stocks at -80°C.

2.2 Preparation of CEOs

Samples of cumin were obtained from Xinjiang China. Extracts were prepared from the seeds of cumin. In brief, ground cumin seeds were clarified through a 40 mesh filter, followed by supercritical CO2 extraction, subcritical butane extraction or solvent extraction. For SCE, a laboratory scale extractor was employed under the following conditions: temperature of 50°C, pressure of 35 MPa, CO2 flow rate of 25 L/h and extraction time of 4 hours. When 30g of cumin sample was loaded into the extraction vessel, the average yield from SCE was 13.51%. For SBE, 30 g of sample was added into the extractor with 300mL butane on a laboratory scale. The extraction was performed under a pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa at 50°C for 1.5 hours, and it resulted in a yield of 17.01%. For SE, the extraction process was performed with n-hexane as the extracting solvent and using a pressure of 0.05-0.08 MPa and a temperature of 65°C. In brief, 30 g of the cumin sample was soaked in 150 mL solvent, and the extraction was performed for 3 hours with regular stirring. The yield of SE was 10.12%. The yield of cumin oil was expressed as g of oil per 100 g of cumin seed. The distillate oil was collected and stored in dark sealed vials at 4°C prior to characterization of their chemical composition.

2.3 Chemical content analysis of CEOs

The total chemical content of the extracts was quantified using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as described by Anastasia et al [13]. GC/MS was carried out in a GC/MS-QP2010 (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) with a DB-5MS capillary column (30.0 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm). The carrier gas helium was delivered at a constant flow of 1.04 mL/min, and the interface temperature was 265°C, the split ratio was 1:10, and the injection volume was 8 μL. The column oven temperature program was set to start at 60°C, then gradually increase from 60°C to 240°C with a final hold of 13 min at 240°C. The scanning range of mass spectrometer ionization was 35-500 m/z. The identification of the components was carried out using Xcalibur® software, NIST Mass Spectral Library, and MS literature data. Retention indices (RIs) of the compounds were determined relative to the retention times of a standard solution of n-alkanes for GC (C8–C20). The relative percent of individual components was calculated based on the GC peak areas without the use of correction factors.

2.4 Determination of antioxidant activity

2.4.1 DPPH scavenging assay

The ability of CEOs to scavenge DPPH was assessed using the method described by Yen et al. with some modifications [14]. The CEOs were diluted with ethyl alcohol to the tested concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/ mL. Vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as reference compounds. CEOs (2.0mL) were treated with 2.0 mL of DPPH solution for 30 min in the dark. The blank sample consisted of 2.0 mL ethyl alcohol and 2.0 mL DPPH solution at a concentration of 1.0×10–4 mol/L. The absorbance of the reaction mixture was evaluated at 517 nm. Radical scavenging activity was expressed as an inhibition percentage and was calculated using the following formula: Scavenging activity (%) ={1-(A-A0)/ A1×100%, where A0 was the absorbance of blank, A was the absorbance in the presence of CEOs of different concentrations, and A1 was the absorbance of CEOs in ethyl alcohol.

2.4.2 ABTS•+ scavenging assay

The ability of CEOs to scavenge ABTS was measured using the method described by Re et al. with some modifications [15]. In brief, ABTS•+ was produced by reacting 2 mmol/L ABTS in aqueous solution with 70 mmol/L potassium persulfatein (K2S2O8) in the dark for 12-16 h at room temperature. Prior to the assay, the solution was diluted in PBS to achieve an absorbance of 0.70±0.02 at 734 nm. Then, the CEOs were diluted in ethyl alcohol to concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 μg/mL. Subsequently, 0.1 mL of CEOs were treated with 1.9 mL ABTS•+ solution for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. The absorbance was measured at 734 nm. Radical scavenging activity was expressed as inhibition percentage and was calculated using the following formula: Scavenging activity (%) = (A0-A)/A0×100%. A0 was the absorbance of blank, A was the absorbance in the presence of CEOs of different concentrations.

2.4.3 Hydroxyl scavenging assay

The scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was measured according to the method described by Smirnoff with slight modifications [16]. In brief, CEOs were diluted with ethyl alcohol to final concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 μg/mL. Vitamin C and BHT were used as reference compounds. The reaction mixture contained 1.2 mL of 1.0 mmol/L FeSO4, 0.3 mL of 0.4 mmol/L crystal violet, 2.5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), 0.6 mL of 2.0 mmol/L H2O2 and 0.4 mL of a CEO solution. The reaction was initiated with the addition of H2O2. After incubation at room temperature for 5 min, the absorbance of the mixture was measured at 580 nm. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was expressed as a percentage, using the formula: (A1–A0)/A1)×100, where A0 is the absorbance of the control and A1 is the absorbance in the presence of the tested compound.

2.4.4 Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay

The reduction capacities of different CEOs were estimated according to the procedure described by Amarowicz with minor modifications [17]. In brief, CEOs was diluted with ethyl alcohol concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL. Vitamin C and BHT were used as reference compounds. The FRAP solution consisted of 1% K3Fe(CN)6, 0.2 mol/L PBS, and the tested sample solution at a ratio of 10:1:1 (v/v), respectively. The FRAP solution was incubated for 20 min at 50°C. Subsequently, 2.5 ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid was added to each FRAP solution. The supernatant was obtained after centrifugation at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The final tested solution consisted of the supernatant solution, distilled water and 0.1% FeCl3 at the ratio of 5:5:1 (v/v). The absorbance was measured at 700 nm after incubation at room temperature for 10 min.

2.5 Determination of antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial activity of CEOs was assayed using the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4741). Bacteria were cultured and maintained on beef extract peptone medium, and yeast were cultured on solid 2% YPD (1% yeast extract, 2% glucose, 2% peptone, and 2% agar).

Antimicrobial activity was measured using the filter paper dispersion method as described by Cosentino with slight modifications [18]. Briefly, CEOs were diluted with ethyl alcohol to concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/ mL. Gentamicin (40 μg/mL in saline solution) was used as a positive control. Ten millimeter filter paper discs were soaked with 10 μL of cumin extract stock solution of different doses and then air-dried at room temperature. The test microorganisms (105 bacteria or yeast cells/mL) were seeded onto the respective medium containing the filter paper discs. Measurement of the zone of inhibition was taken after 24 h at 37°C (bacterial) or 48 h at 28°C (yeast).

2.6 Statistical analysis

Each experiment was performed at least three times, and results are shown as means± SEM. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Comparative analysis of CEO components

The essential oil samples prepared by SCE, SBE and SE were analyzed using GC/MS. Chemical compositions were determined based on their retention index values and mass spectra. The chemical compositions of the essential oils are shown in Table1. GC/MS results indicated that CEOs represented more than 90% of the total oil. The main compounds identified were monoterpene hydrocarbon, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, oxygenated monoterpene, oxygenated sesquiterpenoid and aromatic compounds. Some variations in the compositions of CEOs from different extraction methods were observed.

Table 1

Chemical composition of essential oils extracted from cumin seeds by 3 methods as determined by GC/MS.

NOCompoundsRelativepercentcontent%
SCESBESE
1α-Pinene0.490.350.27
22,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo heptane--0.56
3β-Pinene10.768.210.04
4α-Phellandrene--9.49
5o-Isopropyltoluene3.522.460.01
6trans-Sabinene hydrate-0.323.67
7D-Limonene0.30.180.06
8β-Phellandrene1.20.520.4
9(+)-4-Carene--8.92
10γ-Terpinene11.519.093.04
112-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexanon0.34--
12Limonene epoxide0.34-3.41
13Phellandral1.71.621.02
141,3,4-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-carboxaldehyde--1.71
15Pterin-6-carboxylic acid2.180.04-
16β-Cumic aldehyde25.4922.1719.13
171-Phenyl-1-hexanol23.3821.961.32
182-(Methylsulfanyl)-5-pyrimidinol--0.49
19β-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol0.740.84-
20γ-Cadinene0.30.260.24
21Caryophyllene0.26-0.21
22β-(Z)-Farnesene0.490.470.44
23Cedr-8-ene0.70.59-
242,2,4,4,7,7-Hexamethyl-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene0.710.66
25Hexadecanoic acid-0.5-
26Carotol0.190.2-
27Acetic acid0.320.12-
262-Butenoic acid-0.210.91
29(E)-β-Ionone0.930.24-
30Dodecylcyclobutanone-0.440.25
31Octadeamethyl-cyclononasiloxane1.310.36-
321-Cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde0.630.690.23
33(Z)-11-Hexadecenal-2.519.71
34Sarverogenin-0.36-
35Lineoleoyl chloride0.30.160.3
36cis-13-Octadecenal2.232.511.13
37(2E)-3-2-propenoic acid0.590.170.15
38Tricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)] undecan-1-amine0.170.230.11
3913-Octadecenal0.171.34-
40N-(1-Cyclohexylethyl) acrylamide0.1--
412-Methyl-Z, Z-3,13-octadecadienol0.20.57-
42(Z)-9-Tetradecenal0.750.17-
43cis-9-Hexadecenal-3.9-
442-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetylox methyl]ethyly)0.11--
4514-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol-2.122.82
462,3-Bis[(9E)-9-octadecenoyloxy] propyl(9E)-9-octadecenoate-5.96-
479-Octadecenoic acid--7.1
489,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid-0.69-
49Tricyclo triacontane--1.08
50Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane1.311.63-
51Heptadecyl cyclohexanecarboxylate--1.73
529-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen 1-ol acetate0.9--

  1. SCE = CEOs sample obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, SBE= CEOs sample obtained by subcritical butane extraction, SE= CEOs sample obtained by solvent extraction, -= not detected.

In this study, CEOs from SCE and SBE contained similar major components, while the most abundant components in SE were β-Cumic aldehyde (19.13%) and α-Phellandrene (9.49%). The main contents of CEOs extracted by SCE were β-Cumic aldehyde (25.49%), γ-Terpinene (11.51%), and β-Pinene (10.76%). Similarly, the main components of CEOs obtained by SBE were β-Cumic aldehyde (22.17%), γ-Terpinene (9.09%) and β-Pinene (8.21%). Overall, the levels of β-Cumic aldehyde were highest, with an average of 22.26%, across CEOs from all three extraction methods. The levels of β-Pinene extracted were different among the methods, with SCE extracts containing the highest level of β-Pinene (10.76%), followed by extracts from SBE (8.21%) and SE (0.04%). In addition, SE extract contained the highest concentration of 4-Carene (8.92%). These findings indicated that SCE and SBE are the preferred methods for extracting β-Pinene and γ-Terpinene, while SE is more appropriate for the extraction of α-Phellandrene, 4-Carene and (Z)-11-Hexadecenal. Taken together, we conclud that different extraction methods lead to variations in the compositions of extracted essential oils.

3.2 Antioxidant capacity of CEOs

Next, we evaluated whether the antioxidant capacity of CEOs could be affected by the extraction technique utilized. The antioxidant activities of CEOs were determined by DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activity assays and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay.

DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activity assays and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The DPPH scavenging activities of the tested CEOs were observed at concentrations of 1-8μg/mL. All of the CEOs, regardless of extraction method, showed DPPH scavenging capacity that increased in a concentration dependent manner. As shown in Figure 1-B, all of the CEOs, including the reference antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Vitamin C (Vc), exhibited intense DPPH radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 2 μg/mL. Vc was the most effective scavenger, followed by BHT. The SCE and SBE extracts had roughly equivalent activities, while the SE sample was the least potent in terms of scavenging activity.

Figure 1 DPPH radical scavenging activities of (A) CEOs and (B) compared with Vc and BHT at the concentration of 2μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 1

DPPH radical scavenging activities of (A) CEOs and (B) compared with Vc and BHT at the concentration of 2μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.

As shown in Figure 2, the CEOs exhibited significant ABTS•+ scavenging capacity, with CEOs from SBE demonstrating higher scavenging activity than those extracted by SCE and SE. At 2 μg/mL, the reference antioxidants BHT and Vc demonstrated the highest ABTS•+ scavenging activities. The SCE sample demonstrated the highest activity among CEOs, followed by the SBE sample and then the SE sample.

Figure 2 ABTS•+ radical scavenging activities of (A) CEOs and (B) compared with Vc and BHT at the concentration of 2μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 2

ABTS•+ radical scavenging activities of (A) CEOs and (B) compared with Vc and BHT at the concentration of 2μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.

As shown in Figure 3, the OH scavenging activity of the CEOs increased in a concentration dependent manner, especially in CEOs extracted by SCE, which showed the strongest antioxidant capability compared to the other extracts. At 0.5 μg/ml, Vc was the most potent OH scavenger, but the SCE sample was more potent than the reference antioxidant BHT. The SBE sample was more potent than the SE sample under these conditions. The scavenging abilities of the SCE, SBE, and SE CEOs were 98.6%, 44.5%, and 33%, respectively.

Figure 3 OH radical scavenging activities of CEOs, Vc and BHT at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 3

OH radical scavenging activities of CEOs, Vc and BHT at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.

As shown in Figure 4, all the CEOs exhibited reducing power compared to the reference antioxidants Vc and BHT. Based on absorbance at 700 nm, the CEOs obtained by SCE showed higher reducing power than those of the SE and SBE extracts. At the treatment concentration of 40 μg/mL, the descending order of reducing power was as follows: Vc>SCE>BHT>SBE>SE.

Figure 4 Reducing power of CEOs, Vc and BHT at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 4

Reducing power of CEOs, Vc and BHT at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL. Each value is expressed as mean ± SEM.

Among the tested examples, the SCE extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by the SBE and SE extracts. CEOs extracted by SCE, SBE and SE all exhibited antioxidant capacity, but the quantitative evaluation of this activity showed that variations exist in the antioxidant potencies among the extracted CEOs, which could be attributed to the differences in the main chemical compositions of the CEOs.

3.3 Antimicrobial activities of CEOs

The antimicrobial activities of CEOs were measured based on the diameter of the inhibition zone in the disc-diffusion test. As shown in table 2, all extracts exhibited different levels of antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria and fungi. In general, the CEOs extracted by SCE and SBE showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of SE, except in the case of Bacillus subtilis, for which the diameter of inhibition zone was largest when treated with SE extract (26.9±2.3 mm at the concentration of 40 μg/mL). Among the tested bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive to CEOs. Treatment of this organism with 40 μg/mL CEOs for 24 h resulted in inhibition zone diameters of 23.6±2.7 mm (SCE), 22.7±1.6 mm (SBE) and 26.9±2.3 mm (SE), respectively. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant strain, with inhibition zones of 12–15 mm in diameter after treatment with CEOs for 24 h. Gentamicin (40 μg/mL in saline solution) was used as a positive control. Treatment with 40 μg/mL CEOs for 24h resulted in inhibition zone diameters that were lower than that of the standard antibiotic gentamycin. Moreover, the CEOs extracted by SE exhibited the best inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis; the SE zone was close in size to that of gentamycin. Our results demonstrated the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CEOs, which could be attributed to the volatile oil substances present in the extracts. The inhibitory effects of volatile compounds include adsorption to cell membranes, interaction with enzymes and substrates, and deprivation of metal ions [12].

Table 2

Antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted by 3 methods from cumin.

Strains20 μg/mL SCESBESE40 μg/mL SCESBESE40 μg/mL Gentamicin
Staphylococcus aureus14.9±0.915.4±2.512.7±0.317.3±0.317.3±1.314.6±2.922.49±5.9
Escherichia coli17.6±0.717.4±0.614.4±1.519.0±1.1916.3±0.915.4±3.523.67±2.3
Bacillus subtilis16.2±1.517.6±1.720.4±0.823.6±2.722.7±1.626.9±2.325.32±4.7
Pseudo monas15.6±1.315.5±2.714.1±1.021.2±0.918.3±3.117.6±2.521.28±3.3
aeruginosa
Saccharomyces cerevisiae17.6±0.619.6±3.7418.4±0.722.4±0.623.3±4.820.8±2.824.21±6.6

4 Conclusions

Collectively, the results presented in our study confirmed that chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of CEOs are affected by extraction methods. Our findings also indicated that SCE and SBE were the ideal methods for extraction of β-Pinene and γ-Terpinene, and n-hexane was the appropriate solvent for the extraction of α-Phellandrene, 4-Carene and (Z)-11-Hexadecenal. Knowledge of these conditions are important for future studies of the extraction and isolation of different chemical compounds from CEOs. In addition, our results suggested that the extraction technology significantly affects biological activities of CEOs. Among the tested CEOs, SCE was the most effective extraction for generating extracts with greater antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The efficacy of these extracts against bacteria could in part be attributed to their volatile oil content.

CEOs demonstrate great economic, medicinal, and nutritional values due to their wide-spectrum biological activities. For examples, CEOs could be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, or as a therapeutic and preventive agent against a variety of diseases. However, the complexity of the chemical compositions of CEOs might have contributed to the variations in biological activities we observed. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to explore the biological activities of CEOs in vivo and to identify the molecular mechanisms behind these biological activities.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670859), Fundamental Research Funds for CAMS&PUMC (2016ZX310198), PUMC Youth Fund and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332016100, 10023201601602), Research Funds for the Innovation Team of IRM-CAMS (1650), Pre-research Special Grant in key Projects of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No.xjzdy-2017-005).

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2017-12-13
Accepted: 2018-02-09
Published Online: 2018-04-10

© 2018 Lianying Fang et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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  13. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Zilla spinosa and Hammada elegans Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
  14. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. fabricated ZnO nano falcates and its photocatalytic and dose dependent in vitro bio-activity
  15. Organic biocides hosted in layered double hydroxides: enhancing antimicrobial activity
  16. Experimental study on the regulation of the cholinergic pathway in renal macrophages by microRNA-132 to alleviate inflammatory response
  17. Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro antimicrobial properties, molecular docking and DFT studies of 3-{(E)-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)imino]methyl} naphthalen-2-ol and Heteroleptic Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes
  18. M-Polynomials and Topological Indices of Dominating David Derived Networks
  19. Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water Due to Leachate from the Municipal Dumpsite by Pollution Index: A Case Study from Ndawuse River, Abuja, Nigeria
  20. Analysis of Bowel Diseases from Blood Serum by Autofluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques
  21. Hydrographic parameters and distribution of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients near Jeddah desalination plant
  22. Relationships between diatoms and environmental variables in industrial water biotopes of Trzuskawica S.A. (Poland)
  23. Optimum Conversion of Major Ginsenoside Rb1 to Minor Ginsenoside Rg3(S) by Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis Treatment
  24. Antioxidant, Anti-microbial Properties and Chemical Composition of Cumin Essential Oils Extracted by Three Methods
  25. Regulatory mechanism of ulinastatin on autophagy of macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells
  26. Investigation of the sustained-release mechanism of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose skeleton type Acipimox tablets
  27. Bio-accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) along Arabian Gulf, Saudi Coast
  28. Dynamic Change of Secondary Metabolites and spectrum-effect relationship of Malus halliana Koehne flowers during blooming
  29. Lipids constituents from Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch
  30. Effect of using microwaves for catalysts preparation on the catalytic acetalization of glycerol with furfural to obtain fuel additives
  31. Effect of Humic Acid on the Degradation of Methylene Blue by Peroxymonosulfate
  32. Serum containing drugs of Gua Lou Xie Bai decoction (GLXB-D) can inhibit TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in A549 Cells
  33. Antiulcer Activity of Different Extracts of Anvillea garcinii and Isolation of Two New Secondary Metabolites
  34. Analysis of Metabolites in Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Dry Red Wines from Shanxi by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis
  35. Can water temperature impact litter decomposition under pollution of copper and zinc mixture
  36. Released from ZrO2/SiO2 coating resveratrol inhibits senescence and oxidative stress of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC)
  37. Validated thin-layer chromatographic method for alternative and simultaneous determination of two anti-gout agents in their fixed dose combinations
  38. Fast removal of pollutants from vehicle emissions during cold-start stage
  39. Review Article
  40. Catalytic activities of heterogeneous catalysts obtained by copolymerization of metal-containing 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate
  41. Antibiotic Residue in the Aquatic Environment: Status in Africa
  42. Regular Articles
  43. Mercury fractionation in gypsum using temperature desorption and mass spectrometric detection
  44. Phytosynthetic Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles: Semiconducting green remediators
  45. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induced by SMAD4 Activation in Invasive Growth Hormone-Secreting Adenomas
  46. Physicochemical properties of stabilized sewage sludge admixtures by modified steel slag
  47. In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Activity of Cydonia oblonga flower petals, leaf and fruit pellet ethanolic extracts. Docking simulation of the active flavonoids on anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2
  48. Synthesis and Characterization of Pd exchanged MMT Clay for Mizoroki-Heck Reaction
  49. A new selective, and sensitive method for the determination of lixivaptan, a vasopressin 2 (V2)-receptor antagonist, in mouse plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
  50. Anti-EGFL7 antibodies inhibit rat prolactinoma MMQ cells proliferation and PRL secretion
  51. Density functional theory calculations, vibration spectral analysis and molecular docking of the antimicrobial agent 6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-ethyl-2-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl] sulfanyl}pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
  52. Effect of Nano Zeolite on the Transformation of Cadmium Speciation and Its Uptake by Tobacco in Cadmium-contaminated Soil
  53. Effects and Mechanisms of Jinniu Capsule on Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats
  54. Calculating the Degree-based Topological Indices of Dendrimers
  55. Efficient optimization and mineralization of UV absorbers: A comparative investigation with Fenton and UV/H2O2
  56. Metabolites of Tryptophane and Phenylalanine as Markers of Small Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
  57. Adsorption and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water through the aggregation of graphene oxide
  58. The role of NR2C2 in the prolactinomas
  59. Chromium removal from industrial wastewater using Phyllostachys pubescens biomass loaded Cu-S nanospheres
  60. Hydrotalcite Anchored Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation Reaction
  61. Preparation of Calcium Fluoride using Phosphogypsum by Orthogonal Experiment
  62. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of corylifolinin against three clinical bacteria from Psoralen corylifolia L
  63. 2-formyl-3,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenyl benzoate in Electrochemical Dry Cell
  64. Electro-photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using calcium titanate
  65. Effect of Malus halliana Koehne Polysaccharides on Functional Constipation
  66. Structural Properties and Nonlinear Optical Responses of Halogenated Compounds: A DFT Investigation on Molecular Modelling
  67. DMFDMA catalyzed synthesis of 2-((Dimethylamino)methylene)-3,4-dihydro-9-arylacridin-1(2H)-ones and their derivatives: in-vitro antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant evaluations
  68. Production of Methanol as a Fuel Energy from CO2 Present in Polluted Seawater - A Photocatalytic Outlook
  69. Study of different extraction methods on finger print and fatty acid of raw beef fat using fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  70. Determination of trace fluoroquinolones in water solutions and in medicinal preparations by conventional and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
  71. Extraction and determination of flavonoids in Carthamus tinctorius
  72. Therapeutic Application of Zinc and Vanadium Complexes against Diabetes Mellitus a Coronary Disease: A review
  73. Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil
  74. Manganese oxalates - structure-based Insights
  75. Topological Indices of H-Naphtalenic Nanosheet
  76. Long-Term Dissolution of Glass Fibers in Water Described by Dissolving Cylinder Zero-Order Kinetic Model: Mass Loss and Radius Reduction
  77. Topological study of the para-line graphs of certain pentacene via topological indices
  78. A brief insight into the prediction of water vapor transmissibility in highly impermeable hybrid nanocomposites based on bromobutyl/epichlorohydrin rubber blends
  79. Comparative sulfite assay by voltammetry using Pt electrodes, photometry and titrimetry: Application to cider, vinegar and sugar analysis
  80. MicroRNA delivery mediated by PEGylated polyethylenimine for prostate cancer therapy
  81. Reversible Fluorescent Turn-on Sensors for Fe3+ based on a Receptor Composed of Tri-oxygen Atoms of Amide Groups in Water
  82. Sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution using Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mechanical agitation
  83. Hydrotalcite Anchored Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation Reaction
  84. Production and Analysis of Recycled Ammonium Perrhenate from CMSX-4 superalloys
  85. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  86. New phosphorus biofertilizers from renewable raw materials in the aspect of cadmium and lead contents in soil and plants
  87. Survey of content of cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, sodium and zinc in chamomile and green tea leaves by electrothermal or flame atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry
  88. Biogas digestate – benefits and risks for soil fertility and crop quality – an evaluation of grain maize response
  89. A numerical analysis of heat transfer in a cross-current heat exchanger with controlled and newly designed air flows
  90. Freshwater green macroalgae as a biosorbent of Cr(III) ions
  91. The main influencing factors of soil mechanical characteristics of the gravity erosion environment in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha river
  92. Free amino acids in Viola tricolor in relation to different habitat conditions
  93. The influence of filler amount on selected properties of new experimental resin dental composite
  94. Effect of poultry wastewater irrigation on nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon contents in farmland soil
  95. Response of spring wheat to NPK and S fertilization. The content and uptake of macronutrients and the value of ionic ratios
  96. The Effect of Macroalgal Extracts and Near Infrared Radiation on Germination of Soybean Seedlings: Preliminary Research Results
  97. Content of Zn, Cd and Pb in purple moor-grass in soils heavily contaminated with heavy metals around a zinc and lead ore tailing landfill
  98. Topical Issue on Research for Natural Bioactive Products
  99. Synthesis of (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate as a novel internal standard for capsinoid determination by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(QTOF)
  100. Repellent activity of monoterpenoid esters with neurotransmitter amino acids against yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
  101. Effect of Flammulina velutipes (golden needle mushroom, eno-kitake) polysaccharides on constipation
  102. Bioassay-directed fractionation of a blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor, betulinic acid from Lycopus lucidus
  103. Antifungal and repellent activities of the essential oils from three aromatic herbs from western Himalaya
  104. Chemical composition and microbiological evaluation of essential oil from Hyssopus officinalis L. with white and pink flowers
  105. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of Aedes aegypti larvicidal and biting deterrent compounds from Veratrum lobelianum
  106. α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene: A review of its biological properties
  107. Utility of essential oils for development of host-based lures for Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vector of laurel wilt
  108. Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of different organs of Kazakh Crataegus almaatensis Pojark: A comparison with the European Crataegus oxyacantha L. flowers
  109. Isolation of eudesmane type sesquiterpene ketone from Prangos heyniae H.Duman & M.F.Watson essential oil and mosquitocidal activity of the essential oils
  110. Comparative analysis of the polyphenols profiles and the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of various blue honeysuckle varieties
  111. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  112. Modelling world energy security data from multinomial distribution by generalized linear model under different cumulative link functions
  113. Pine Cone and Boron Compounds Effect as Reinforcement on Mechanical and Flammability Properties of Polyester Composites
  114. Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Prediction of SNR Effected by Probe Properties on Ultrasonic Inspection of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments
  115. Calculation and 3D analyses of ERR in the band crack front contained in a rectangular plate made of multilayered material
  116. Improvement of fuel properties of biodiesel with bioadditive ethyl levulinate
  117. Properties of AlSi9Cu3 metal matrix micro and nano composites produced via stir casting
  118. Investigation of Antibacterial Properties of Ag Doped TiO2 Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning Process
  119. Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods
  120. Nickel doping effect on the structural and optical properties of indium sulfide thin films by SILAR
  121. The effect mechanism of Ginnalin A as a homeopathic agent on various cancer cell lines
  122. Excitation functions of proton induced reactions of some radioisotopes used in medicine
  123. Oxide ionic conductivity and microstructures of Pr and Sm co-doped CeO2-based systems
  124. Rapid Synthesis of Metallic Reinforced in Situ Intermetallic Composites in Ti-Al-Nb System via Resistive Sintering
  125. Oxidation Behavior of NiCr/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)
  126. Clustering Analysis of Normal Strength Concretes Produced with Different Aggregate Types
  127. Magnetic Nano-Sized Solid Acid Catalyst Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups for Biodiesel Synthesis
  128. The biological activities of Arabis alpina L. subsp. brevifolia (DC.) Cullen against food pathogens
  129. Humidity properties of Schiff base polymers
  130. Free Vibration Analysis of Fiber Metal Laminated Straight Beam
  131. Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) collected during different growth stages
  132. Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Gadolinium Zirconate (Gd2Zr2O7) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) produced by Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) technique
  133. Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Ultra-Fine Calcite Using a Box-Behnken Experimental Design
  134. The Microstructural Investigation of Vermiculite-Infiltrated Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition Thermal Barrier Coatings
  135. Modelling Porosity Permeability of Ceramic Tiles using Fuzzy Taguchi Method
  136. Experimental and theoretical study of a novel naphthoquinone Schiff base
  137. Physicochemical properties of heat treated sille stone for ceramic industry
  138. Sand Dune Characterization for Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
  139. Catalytic Applications of Large Pore Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica for Esterification
  140. One-photon Absorption Characterizations, Dipole Polarizabilities and Second Hyperpolarizabilities of Chlorophyll a and Crocin
  141. The Optical and Crystallite Characterization of Bilayer TiO2 Films Coated on Different ITO layers
  142. Topical Issue on Bond Activation
  143. Metal-mediated reactions towards the synthesis of a novel deaminolysed bisurea, dicarbamolyamine
  144. The structure of ortho-(trifluoromethyl)phenol in comparison to its homologues – A combined experimental and theoretical study
  145. Heterogeneous catalysis with encapsulated haem and other synthetic porphyrins: Harnessing the power of porphyrins for oxidation reactions
  146. Recent Advances on Mechanistic Studies on C–H Activation Catalyzed by Base Metals
  147. Reactions of the organoplatinum complex [Pt(cod) (neoSi)Cl] (neoSi = trimethylsilylmethyl) with the non-coordinating anions SbF6– and BPh4–
  148. Erratum
  149. Investigation on Two Compounds of O, O’-dithiophosphate Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Q235 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0034
Keywords for this article
Cumin essential oils; Antioxidant; Antimicrobial; Chemical composition
Creative Commons
BY-NC-ND 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

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  3. The preparation and antibacterial activity of cellulose/ZnO composite: a review
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  10. Dynamic Changes of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Ligustrum lucidum During Fruit Growth
  11. Studies on the flammability of polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate and montmorillonite by using the cone calorimeter test
  12. DSC, FT-IR, NIR, NIR-PCA and NIR-ANOVA for determination of chemical stability of diuretic drugs: impact of excipients
  13. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Zilla spinosa and Hammada elegans Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
  14. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. fabricated ZnO nano falcates and its photocatalytic and dose dependent in vitro bio-activity
  15. Organic biocides hosted in layered double hydroxides: enhancing antimicrobial activity
  16. Experimental study on the regulation of the cholinergic pathway in renal macrophages by microRNA-132 to alleviate inflammatory response
  17. Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro antimicrobial properties, molecular docking and DFT studies of 3-{(E)-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)imino]methyl} naphthalen-2-ol and Heteroleptic Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes
  18. M-Polynomials and Topological Indices of Dominating David Derived Networks
  19. Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water Due to Leachate from the Municipal Dumpsite by Pollution Index: A Case Study from Ndawuse River, Abuja, Nigeria
  20. Analysis of Bowel Diseases from Blood Serum by Autofluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques
  21. Hydrographic parameters and distribution of dissolved Cu, Ni, Zn and nutrients near Jeddah desalination plant
  22. Relationships between diatoms and environmental variables in industrial water biotopes of Trzuskawica S.A. (Poland)
  23. Optimum Conversion of Major Ginsenoside Rb1 to Minor Ginsenoside Rg3(S) by Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis Treatment
  24. Antioxidant, Anti-microbial Properties and Chemical Composition of Cumin Essential Oils Extracted by Three Methods
  25. Regulatory mechanism of ulinastatin on autophagy of macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells
  26. Investigation of the sustained-release mechanism of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose skeleton type Acipimox tablets
  27. Bio-accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) along Arabian Gulf, Saudi Coast
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  31. Effect of Humic Acid on the Degradation of Methylene Blue by Peroxymonosulfate
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  34. Analysis of Metabolites in Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Dry Red Wines from Shanxi by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis
  35. Can water temperature impact litter decomposition under pollution of copper and zinc mixture
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  37. Validated thin-layer chromatographic method for alternative and simultaneous determination of two anti-gout agents in their fixed dose combinations
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  44. Phytosynthetic Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles: Semiconducting green remediators
  45. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induced by SMAD4 Activation in Invasive Growth Hormone-Secreting Adenomas
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  49. A new selective, and sensitive method for the determination of lixivaptan, a vasopressin 2 (V2)-receptor antagonist, in mouse plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
  50. Anti-EGFL7 antibodies inhibit rat prolactinoma MMQ cells proliferation and PRL secretion
  51. Density functional theory calculations, vibration spectral analysis and molecular docking of the antimicrobial agent 6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-5-ethyl-2-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl] sulfanyl}pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
  52. Effect of Nano Zeolite on the Transformation of Cadmium Speciation and Its Uptake by Tobacco in Cadmium-contaminated Soil
  53. Effects and Mechanisms of Jinniu Capsule on Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Rats
  54. Calculating the Degree-based Topological Indices of Dendrimers
  55. Efficient optimization and mineralization of UV absorbers: A comparative investigation with Fenton and UV/H2O2
  56. Metabolites of Tryptophane and Phenylalanine as Markers of Small Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
  57. Adsorption and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water through the aggregation of graphene oxide
  58. The role of NR2C2 in the prolactinomas
  59. Chromium removal from industrial wastewater using Phyllostachys pubescens biomass loaded Cu-S nanospheres
  60. Hydrotalcite Anchored Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation Reaction
  61. Preparation of Calcium Fluoride using Phosphogypsum by Orthogonal Experiment
  62. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of corylifolinin against three clinical bacteria from Psoralen corylifolia L
  63. 2-formyl-3,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenyl benzoate in Electrochemical Dry Cell
  64. Electro-photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using calcium titanate
  65. Effect of Malus halliana Koehne Polysaccharides on Functional Constipation
  66. Structural Properties and Nonlinear Optical Responses of Halogenated Compounds: A DFT Investigation on Molecular Modelling
  67. DMFDMA catalyzed synthesis of 2-((Dimethylamino)methylene)-3,4-dihydro-9-arylacridin-1(2H)-ones and their derivatives: in-vitro antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant evaluations
  68. Production of Methanol as a Fuel Energy from CO2 Present in Polluted Seawater - A Photocatalytic Outlook
  69. Study of different extraction methods on finger print and fatty acid of raw beef fat using fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  70. Determination of trace fluoroquinolones in water solutions and in medicinal preparations by conventional and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
  71. Extraction and determination of flavonoids in Carthamus tinctorius
  72. Therapeutic Application of Zinc and Vanadium Complexes against Diabetes Mellitus a Coronary Disease: A review
  73. Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil
  74. Manganese oxalates - structure-based Insights
  75. Topological Indices of H-Naphtalenic Nanosheet
  76. Long-Term Dissolution of Glass Fibers in Water Described by Dissolving Cylinder Zero-Order Kinetic Model: Mass Loss and Radius Reduction
  77. Topological study of the para-line graphs of certain pentacene via topological indices
  78. A brief insight into the prediction of water vapor transmissibility in highly impermeable hybrid nanocomposites based on bromobutyl/epichlorohydrin rubber blends
  79. Comparative sulfite assay by voltammetry using Pt electrodes, photometry and titrimetry: Application to cider, vinegar and sugar analysis
  80. MicroRNA delivery mediated by PEGylated polyethylenimine for prostate cancer therapy
  81. Reversible Fluorescent Turn-on Sensors for Fe3+ based on a Receptor Composed of Tri-oxygen Atoms of Amide Groups in Water
  82. Sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution using Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mechanical agitation
  83. Hydrotalcite Anchored Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation Reaction
  84. Production and Analysis of Recycled Ammonium Perrhenate from CMSX-4 superalloys
  85. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  86. New phosphorus biofertilizers from renewable raw materials in the aspect of cadmium and lead contents in soil and plants
  87. Survey of content of cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, sodium and zinc in chamomile and green tea leaves by electrothermal or flame atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry
  88. Biogas digestate – benefits and risks for soil fertility and crop quality – an evaluation of grain maize response
  89. A numerical analysis of heat transfer in a cross-current heat exchanger with controlled and newly designed air flows
  90. Freshwater green macroalgae as a biosorbent of Cr(III) ions
  91. The main influencing factors of soil mechanical characteristics of the gravity erosion environment in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha river
  92. Free amino acids in Viola tricolor in relation to different habitat conditions
  93. The influence of filler amount on selected properties of new experimental resin dental composite
  94. Effect of poultry wastewater irrigation on nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon contents in farmland soil
  95. Response of spring wheat to NPK and S fertilization. The content and uptake of macronutrients and the value of ionic ratios
  96. The Effect of Macroalgal Extracts and Near Infrared Radiation on Germination of Soybean Seedlings: Preliminary Research Results
  97. Content of Zn, Cd and Pb in purple moor-grass in soils heavily contaminated with heavy metals around a zinc and lead ore tailing landfill
  98. Topical Issue on Research for Natural Bioactive Products
  99. Synthesis of (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate as a novel internal standard for capsinoid determination by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(QTOF)
  100. Repellent activity of monoterpenoid esters with neurotransmitter amino acids against yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
  101. Effect of Flammulina velutipes (golden needle mushroom, eno-kitake) polysaccharides on constipation
  102. Bioassay-directed fractionation of a blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor, betulinic acid from Lycopus lucidus
  103. Antifungal and repellent activities of the essential oils from three aromatic herbs from western Himalaya
  104. Chemical composition and microbiological evaluation of essential oil from Hyssopus officinalis L. with white and pink flowers
  105. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of Aedes aegypti larvicidal and biting deterrent compounds from Veratrum lobelianum
  106. α-Terpineol, a natural monoterpene: A review of its biological properties
  107. Utility of essential oils for development of host-based lures for Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vector of laurel wilt
  108. Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of different organs of Kazakh Crataegus almaatensis Pojark: A comparison with the European Crataegus oxyacantha L. flowers
  109. Isolation of eudesmane type sesquiterpene ketone from Prangos heyniae H.Duman & M.F.Watson essential oil and mosquitocidal activity of the essential oils
  110. Comparative analysis of the polyphenols profiles and the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of various blue honeysuckle varieties
  111. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  112. Modelling world energy security data from multinomial distribution by generalized linear model under different cumulative link functions
  113. Pine Cone and Boron Compounds Effect as Reinforcement on Mechanical and Flammability Properties of Polyester Composites
  114. Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Prediction of SNR Effected by Probe Properties on Ultrasonic Inspection of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments
  115. Calculation and 3D analyses of ERR in the band crack front contained in a rectangular plate made of multilayered material
  116. Improvement of fuel properties of biodiesel with bioadditive ethyl levulinate
  117. Properties of AlSi9Cu3 metal matrix micro and nano composites produced via stir casting
  118. Investigation of Antibacterial Properties of Ag Doped TiO2 Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning Process
  119. Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods
  120. Nickel doping effect on the structural and optical properties of indium sulfide thin films by SILAR
  121. The effect mechanism of Ginnalin A as a homeopathic agent on various cancer cell lines
  122. Excitation functions of proton induced reactions of some radioisotopes used in medicine
  123. Oxide ionic conductivity and microstructures of Pr and Sm co-doped CeO2-based systems
  124. Rapid Synthesis of Metallic Reinforced in Situ Intermetallic Composites in Ti-Al-Nb System via Resistive Sintering
  125. Oxidation Behavior of NiCr/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)
  126. Clustering Analysis of Normal Strength Concretes Produced with Different Aggregate Types
  127. Magnetic Nano-Sized Solid Acid Catalyst Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups for Biodiesel Synthesis
  128. The biological activities of Arabis alpina L. subsp. brevifolia (DC.) Cullen against food pathogens
  129. Humidity properties of Schiff base polymers
  130. Free Vibration Analysis of Fiber Metal Laminated Straight Beam
  131. Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) collected during different growth stages
  132. Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Gadolinium Zirconate (Gd2Zr2O7) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) produced by Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) technique
  133. Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Ultra-Fine Calcite Using a Box-Behnken Experimental Design
  134. The Microstructural Investigation of Vermiculite-Infiltrated Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition Thermal Barrier Coatings
  135. Modelling Porosity Permeability of Ceramic Tiles using Fuzzy Taguchi Method
  136. Experimental and theoretical study of a novel naphthoquinone Schiff base
  137. Physicochemical properties of heat treated sille stone for ceramic industry
  138. Sand Dune Characterization for Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
  139. Catalytic Applications of Large Pore Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica for Esterification
  140. One-photon Absorption Characterizations, Dipole Polarizabilities and Second Hyperpolarizabilities of Chlorophyll a and Crocin
  141. The Optical and Crystallite Characterization of Bilayer TiO2 Films Coated on Different ITO layers
  142. Topical Issue on Bond Activation
  143. Metal-mediated reactions towards the synthesis of a novel deaminolysed bisurea, dicarbamolyamine
  144. The structure of ortho-(trifluoromethyl)phenol in comparison to its homologues – A combined experimental and theoretical study
  145. Heterogeneous catalysis with encapsulated haem and other synthetic porphyrins: Harnessing the power of porphyrins for oxidation reactions
  146. Recent Advances on Mechanistic Studies on C–H Activation Catalyzed by Base Metals
  147. Reactions of the organoplatinum complex [Pt(cod) (neoSi)Cl] (neoSi = trimethylsilylmethyl) with the non-coordinating anions SbF6– and BPh4–
  148. Erratum
  149. Investigation on Two Compounds of O, O’-dithiophosphate Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Q235 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
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