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Differences in complications between hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and alcohol-related cirrhosis

  • Yu-Pei Zhuang ORCID logo , Si-Qi Wang ORCID logo , Zhao-Yu Pan ORCID logo , Hao-Jie Zhong ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Xing-Xiang He ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 6, 2021
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the differences in complications between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses.

Methods

Medical records of patients with HBV-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses treated from January 2014 to January 2021 were, retrospectively, reviewed. The unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of cirrhotic complications between the two groups were assessed.

Results

The rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hypersplenism were higher in HBV-related cirrhosis (both P < 0.05), whereas the rates of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) were higher in alcohol-related cirrhosis (both P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, HBV-related cirrhotic patients had higher risks of HCC (odds ratio [OR] = 34.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.61–251.77, P = 0.001) and hypersplenism (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18–4.42, P = 0.014), whereas alcohol-related cirrhotic patients had higher risks of HE (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.73, P = 0.013) and ACLF (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.73, P = 0.020).

Conclusion

Cirrhotic patients with different etiologies had different types of complications: HBV-related cirrhotic patients exhibited increased risks of HCC and hypersplenism and alcohol-related cirrhotic patients more readily developing HE and ACLF.

Keywords: alcoholism; hepatitis B virus; liver cirrhosis; patients

1 Introduction

Cirrhosis, as an advanced stage of chronic liver disease, and its complications are associated with high morbidity and cause more than 1 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcoholism are the main etiologies [1]. In 2015, nearly 240 million people globally had HBV infection, and there were approximately 0.45 million deaths due to HBV-related cirrhosis and its complications [2]. Additionally, the rate of alcohol-related cirrhosis is growing with the rapid increase in alcohol consumption [3]. In 2010, nearly 0.5 million deaths worldwide were caused by alcohol-related cirrhosis, which accounted for approximately 50% of all cirrhosis-related deaths [4].

Cirrhotic patients frequently develop complications, and those with complications had worse outcomes (including higher mortality) than those without complications [5,6]. For example, cirrhotic patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy (HE) had a first-year mortality rate of more than 50% [7,8]. Additionally, cirrhotic patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) had a high 28 day mortality rate caused by acute decompensation, organ failure, and/or serious systemic inflammation [9]. Furthermore, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a major cause of cancer-associated death, has a very poor prognosis and a 5 year survival rate of less than 15% [10].

Cirrhosis cases with different etiologies present with different clinical characteristics [11,12]. It is very important to identify the differences in cirrhosis-related complications between different etiologies, which may affect prognosis, to guide treatment planning and thereby improve prognosis. Thus, this study aimed to distinguish the cirrhotic complications between patients with HBV-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses.

2 Methods

2.1 Study design

The electronic medical data of hospitalized patients with alcohol-related and HBV-related cirrhoses, from January 2014 to January 2021, were reviewed, retrospectively. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) other underlying liver diseases (such as autoimmune liver disease), other viral-related cirrhosis, Wilson’s disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, concomitant alcohol abuse, and HBV infection; (2) carcinoma (excluding HCC); and (3) severe cardiac or pulmonary diseases. The sample size of patients was estimated using an online software (Power and Sample Size Calculators; HyLown Consulting LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA).

The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the ethics review committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (ethics review number: 202110). The need for the patient informed consent was waived as retrospective anonymized data were used in this study.

2.2 Data collection

Patient medical data were extracted from the hospital information system as follows: demographics, alcoholism, smoking status, medical history (including cirrhosis etiology, diabetes, and hypertension), clinical presentation, imaging results, and laboratory results including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, serum albumin, lipid profile, international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), routine examination of blood, and serum ammonia.

2.3 Definitions

The cirrhosis diagnosis was based on pathological findings or a combination of clinical presentation and imaging and laboratory results [13]. Chronic HBV infection was defined based on serum hepatitis B surface antigen positivity for >6 months. Alcohol-related cirrhosis was defined as cirrhosis together with alcoholism (alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day in women and ≥40 g/day in men for >5 years) in the absence of other liver diseases [14]. ACLF was defined as INR ≥1.5 and serum bilirubin ≥5 mg/dL, complicated by encephalopathy and/or ascites within 4 weeks, in cirrhotic patients [15]. HE was defined as abnormal neuropsychiatric manifestations and an abnormal ammonia level [16]. Hypersplenism was defined as imaging results suggesting splenomegaly and platelet count <120 × 109/L [17] or a history of splenectomy owing to hypersplenism. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and erythropenia were diagnosed based on white blood cell count <4.0 × 109/L, platelet count <100 × 109/L, and red blood cell count <3.5 × 1012/L for women or <4.0 × 1012/L for men, respectively. Smoking was defined as a history of smoking for more than 1 year. Moreover, the duration of liver disease was estimated using the age at alcoholism or HBV infection onset.

2.4 Statistical analyses

Categorical variables were described as frequency (percentage) and were analyzed with chi-square tests. Normally distributed continuous variables are described as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed with unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests, whereas other continuous variables are described as median (interquartile range) and were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U tests. Logistic regression with backward stepwise selection was used to determine the risks of complications by cirrhosis etiology, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, disease duration, smoking, bilirubin, and albumin. The results are described as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P values less than 0.05 (two-tailed) indicated statistical significance. SPSS statistical software (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for all statistical analyses.

3 Results

3.1 Patient characteristics

We, retrospectively, enrolled a total of 514 cirrhotic patients, comprising 445 with HBV-related cirrhosis and 69 with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Table 1 lists their demographic and clinical characteristics. Among the patients with HBV-related cirrhosis, 401 (90.11%) were taking antiviral therapy and 156 (60.94%) had a low HBV DNA level (defined as <2,000 IU/mL).

Table 1

Patient characteristics

HBV-related cirrhosis (n = 445) Alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 69) P-value
Age (years) 58.86 ± 13.53 58.65 ± 12.1 0.905
Sex (male) 368 (82.92) 69 (100) <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 22.45 (20.55–24.98) (n = 381) 21.55 (19.47–25.01) (n = 51) 0.126
Disease duration (years) n = 298 n = 59 0.455
 <10 89 (29.87) 20 (33.90)
 10–19 92 (30.87) 21 (35.59)
 ≥20 117 (39.26) 18 (30.51)
Diabetes 90 (20.22) 20 (28.99) 0.114
Hypertension 135 (30.34) 25 (36.23) 0.331
Smoking 130 (29.21) 52 (75.36) <0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index and HBV, hepatitis B virus.

3.2 Differences in hepatic function indexes by cirrhosis etiology

HBV-related cirrhotic patients had a higher rate of Child–Pugh grades B and C (81.50 vs 18.50%, P = 0.008), and alcohol-related cirrhotic patients had a lower serum albumin level (32.28 ± 7.02 vs 34.41 ± 6.38 mmol/L, P = 0.017). However, no differences were found in the levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, PT, INR, or blood lipids between the two groups (Table 2).

Table 2

Differences in hepatic function indexes by cirrhosis etiology

HBV-related cirrhosis (n = 445) Alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 69) P-value
AST (U/L) 30.00 (18.00–52.00) (n = 441) 25.00 (15.85–40.00) (n = 69) 0.152
ALT (U/L) 38.25 (26.00–82.75) (n = 441) 50.00 (29.00–100.00) (n = 69) 0.190
Bilirubin (g/L) 18.20 (12.00–33.55) (n = 441) 23.20 (12.80–55.60) (n = 69) 0.057
ALB (mmol/L) 34.41 ± 6.38 (n = 441) 32.28 ± 7.02 (n = 69) 0.017
TC (mmol/L) 3.83 (3.03–4.56) (n = 249) 3.84 (2.92–4.51) (n = 49) 0.980
TG (mmol/L) 0.97 (0.66–1.39) (n = 249) 1.02 (0.81–1.49) (n = 49) 0.131
HDL-C (mmol/L) 2.27 (1.69–2.80) (n = 249) 2.07 (1.48–3.09) (n = 49) 0.819
LDL-C (mmol/L) 1.02 (0.82–1.29) (n = 249) 1.02 (0.77–1.20) (n = 49) 0.362
PT (s) 14.70 (13.60–16.50) (n = 424) 14.75 (13.70–17.08) (n = 68) 0.755
INR 1.15 (1.05–1.34) (n = 424) 1.16 (1.05–1.40) (n = 68) 0.803
Child–Pugh classification (n = 421) (n = 68) 0.008
 A 236 (56.06) 26 (38.24)
 B/C 185 (81.50) 42 (18.50)

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range). ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; INR, international normalized ratio; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PT, prothrombin time; TC, total cholesterol; and TG, triacylglycerol.

3.3 Differences in complications by cirrhosis etiology

The rates of HE and ACLF were higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients than HBV-related cirrhotic patients (HE: 15.94 vs 4.49%, P = 0.001; ALCF: 7.25 vs 2.28%, P = 0.040). The serum ammonia level was also higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients with HE than HBV-related cirrhotic patients with HE (134.00 ± 62.99 vs 82.16 ± 17.82 µmol/L, P = 0.029). In contrast, the rates of HCC and hypersplenism were higher in HBV-related cirrhotic patients than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (HCC: 39.55 vs 1.45%, P < 0.001; hypersplenism: 45.84 vs 28.99%, P = 0.009). No significant differences in the rates of jaundice, ascites, esophageal and gastric varices, or spontaneous peritonitis were observed between the two groups (Table 3).

Table 3

Differences in complications by cirrhosis etiology

HBV-related cirrhosis (n = 445) Alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 69) P-value
Jaundice 32 (7.26) (n = 441) 9 (13.04) 0.148
Esophageal and gastric varices 213 (47.87) 35 (50.74) 0.699
Ascites 180 (40.45) 34 (49.28) 0.190
Hypersplenism 204 (45.84) 20 (28.99) 0.009
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 16 (3.60) 1 (1.45) 0.714
ACLF 10 (2.28) (n = 439) 5 (7.25) 0.040
HE 20 (4.49) 11 (15.94) 0.001
HCC 176 (39.55) 1 (1.45) <0.001

Data are presented as n (%). ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; and HE, hepatic encephalopathy.

3.4 Adjusted risk of complications by cirrhosis etiology

Adjusted logistic regression indicated that the risks of HE (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.73, P = 0.013) and ACLF (OR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.14–0.73, P = 0.020) were higher in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis than those with HBV-related cirrhosis (Table 4). In contrast, the risks of HCC (OR = 34.06, 95% CI: 4.61–251.77, P = 0.001) and hypersplenism (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18–4.42, P = 0.014) were higher in HBV-related cirrhotic patients than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients.

Table 4

Adjusted risks of complications by cirrhosis etiology

OR 95% CI P-value
Jaundice — — —
Esophageal and gastric varices — — —
Ascites — — —
Hypersplenism 2.29 1.18–4.42 0.014
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis — — —
ACLF 0.30 0.14–0.73 0.020
HE 0.22 0.06–0.73 0.013
HCC 34.06 4.61–251.77 0.001

Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, disease duration, smoking, bilirubin, and albumin. ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CI, confidence interval; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; and OR, odds ratio.

3.5 Differences in cytopenia by cirrhosis etiology

The rate of leukopenia was notably higher, and the rate of erythropenia was lower in HBV-related cirrhotic patients than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (leukopenia: 18.33 vs 7.26%, P = 0.034; erythropenia: 48.14 vs 64.18%, P = 0.018). No significant difference was observed in the rate of thrombocytopenia between the two groups (Table 5). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of erythropenia (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02–0.85, P = 0.033) was higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients, whereas the risk of leukopenia (OR = 13.39, 95% CI: 1.80–99.76, P = 0.011) was higher in HBV-related cirrhotic patients (Table 6).

Table 5

Differences in cytopenia by cirrhosis etiology

HBV-related cirrhosis (n = 445) Alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 69) P-value
Leukopenia 79 (18.33) (n = 431) 5 (7.46) (n = 67) 0.034
Erythropenia 207 (48.14) (n = 431) 43 (64.18) (n = 67) 0.018
Thrombocytopenia 158 (36.66) (n = 431) 31 (46.27) (n = 67) 0.138

Data are presented as n (%). HBV, hepatitis B virus.

Table 6

Adjusted risks of cytopenia by cirrhosis etiology

OR 95% CI P-value
Leukopenia 13.39 1.80–99.76 0.011
Erythropenia 0.13 0.02–0.85 0.033
Thrombocytopenia — — —

Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, disease duration, smoking, bilirubin, and albumin. CI, confidence interval; and OR, odds ratio.

4 Discussion

In the present study, the rates of complications between HBV-related and alcohol-related cirrhoses differed, with HBV-related cirrhotic patients having higher adjusted risks of HCC and hypersplenism than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients. In contrast, the adjusted risks of HE and ACLF were notably greater in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients, indicating that cirrhotic patients with different etiologies had different types of complications.

A retrospective cohort study indicated that the rate of HCC in HBV-related cirrhotic patients was higher than that in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (32.6 vs 6.0%) [18]. Consistently, we observed that the rate of HCC was notably higher in HBV-related cirrhotic patients than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (39.55 vs 1.45%). Another study revealed that viral hepatitis promoted the development of HCC more than alcoholic hepatitis, which meant that patients with HCC due to viral hepatitis had worse outcomes [19]. Therefore, rigorous HCC surveillance is needed in HBV-related cirrhotic patients.

We also found that HBV-related cirrhotic patients had a higher rate of hypersplenism than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (45.84 vs 28.99%). As one of the most common cirrhotic complications, hypersplenism often causes rapid and premature destruction of blood cells, especially platelets and leukocytes, which can lead to infection and bleeding [20]. A study reported that leukopenia in cirrhotic patients led to a much higher risk of infection and poor prognosis [21]. We discovered that the rate of leukopenia was substantially higher in HBV-related cirrhotic patients than alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (18.33 vs 7.26%). Thus, more attention should be paid to preventing infection among patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. In contrast, erythropenia was more common in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients (64.18 vs 48.14%). This may be because alcohol suppresses erythropoiesis in the bone [22,23].

We found that the rate of HE was significantly higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients than HBV-related cirrhotic patients (15.94 vs 4.49%). Similarly, a retrospective cohort study of 598 cirrhotic patients by Vaz et al. [24] reported that alcohol-related cirrhotic patients had a higher rate of HE than hepatitis C virus-related cirrhotic patients (11.0 vs 5.0%). This may be because chronic alcohol abuse may cause more severe neocortical injury and cognition impairment than chronic hepatitis virus infection [25]. Furthermore, the severity of HE has been shown to be associated with the serum ammonia level [26], and we found that alcohol-related cirrhotic patients with HE had a higher serum ammonia level than HBV-related cirrhotic patients with HE (134.00 ± 62.99 vs 82.16 ± 17.82 µmol/L), indicating more severe HE in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients. Therefore, early detection and treatment of HE in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients should be considered.

Additionally, we found that the rate of ACLF was higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients than HBV-related cirrhotic patients (7.25 vs 2.28%). Our result was similar to that of research by Axley et al. [27], which demonstrated that the rate of ACLF was clearly higher in alcohol-related cirrhotic patients than hepatitis virus-related cirrhotic patients (7.2 vs 4.1%). Moreover, another study reported that alcohol-related cirrhotic patients exhibited more severe ACLF than patients with viral liver disease [28]. Thus, it is necessary to be aware of the high risk of ACLF when treating patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.

There were, admittedly, several limitations in our study, particularly the small sample size. Additionally, we only included hospitalized patients (who may have had greater disease severity), which may have caused selection bias. Furthermore, several potential confounders, such as diet (especially a high-protein diet), that may influence the occurrence of HE in cirrhotic patients, were not considered. Future studies with large sample sizes are warranted to confirm our findings.

5 Conclusions

Cirrhotic patients with different etiologies had different types of complications, with HBV-related cirrhotic patients exhibiting increased risks of HCC and hypersplenism and alcohol-related cirrhotic patients more readily developing HE and ACLF. These findings provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that cirrhosis is not a single disease. There is a need for further classification to make better informed decisions related to complication prevention and treatment.

Yu-Pei Zhuang, Si-Qi Wang, and Zhao-Yu Pan contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge all patients involved in this study.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: HJZ and XXH designed the study. YPZ, SQW, and ZYP collected and analyzed the data. YPZ wrote the manuscript. All of the authors have read the manuscript and approved the final version.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2021-08-17
Revised: 2021-10-22
Accepted: 2021-11-02
Published Online: 2021-12-06

© 2022 Yu-Pei Zhuang et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  28. Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome
  29. miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
  30. Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
  31. Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
  32. Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2
  33. circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury
  34. Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
  35. Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
  36. Decreased expression of miR-195 mediated by hypermethylation promotes osteosarcoma
  37. LMO3 promotes proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating LIMK1-mediated cofilin and the β-catenin pathway
  38. Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network
  39. Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey
  40. Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome?
  41. Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MT1-MMP, β1-integrin and YAP1 in glioma
  42. Optimal diagnosis of the skin cancer using a hybrid deep neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm
  43. miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells
  44. Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis
  45. circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
  46. miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
  47. hsa-miR-340-5p inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling
  48. circ_0085296 inhibits the biological functions of trophoblast cells to promote the progression of preeclampsia via the miR-942-5p/THBS2 network
  49. TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
  50. Development of a risk-stratification scoring system for predicting risk of breast cancer based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, and uric acid
  51. Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
  52. circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis
  53. Human amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells
  54. lncRNA NONRATT013819.2 promotes transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblastic transition of hepatic stellate cells by miR24-3p/lox
  55. NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
  56. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis telemedicine management during COVID-19 outbreak
  57. Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
  58. Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19
  59. The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
  60. LncRNA expression in idiopathic achalasia: New insight and preliminary exploration into pathogenesis
  61. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  62. Moscatilin suppresses the inflammation from macrophages and T cells
  63. Zoledronate promotes ECM degradation and apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin
  64. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease
  65. The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
  66. Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
  67. Low expression of miR-27b in serum exosomes of non-small cell lung cancer facilitates its progression by affecting EGFR
  68. Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis
  69. miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1
  70. The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
  71. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation in cholangiocarcinoma impairs tumor progression by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis
  72. Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
  73. A 16-gene signature associated with homologous recombination deficiency for prognosis prediction in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
  74. Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization
  75. MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model
  76. miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis
  77. Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2
  78. circRNF20 aggravates the malignancy of retinoblastoma depending on the regulation of miR-132-3p/PAX6 axis
  79. Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis
  80. Rack1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines by NF-κB in diabetic nephropathy
  81. Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients
  82. Smog and risk of maternal and fetal birth outcomes: A retrospective study in Baoding, China
  83. Let-7i-3p inhibits the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating CCND1
  84. β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis
  85. Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
  86. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
  87. Potential biomarkers for inflammatory response in acute lung injury
  88. A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia
  89. Antitumor activity of recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus with human IL2
  90. ALKBH5 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through Bcl-2 pathway
  91. Risk prediction of cardiovascular disease using machine learning classifiers
  92. Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
  93. Bioinformatics analysis reveals three key genes and four survival genes associated with youth-onset NSCLC
  94. Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
  95. Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
  96. Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8
  97. Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation
  98. Effectiveness and clinical benefits of new anti-diabetic drugs: A real life experience
  99. Identification of osteoporosis based on gene biomarkers using support vector machine
  100. Tanshinone IIA reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-30b-5p/AVEN axis
  101. miR-212-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting METTL3
  102. Association of ST-T changes with all-cause mortality among patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas
  103. LINC00665/miRNAs axis-mediated collagen type XI alpha 1 correlates with immune infiltration and malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
  105. Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study
  106. Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
  107. lncRNA HAGLR modulates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through regulating miR-133a-3p/MAPK1 axis
  108. Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
  109. In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
  110. Relationship between the height of fibular head and the incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis
  111. lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury during cerebral ischemic stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP axis
  112. Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
  113. LncRNA LINC01857 reduces metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells via regulating miR-2052/CENPQ axis
  114. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoted by transcription factor SPI1 acts as an oncogene to modulate the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer
  115. SELENBP1 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  116. Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
  117. Treatment and outcomes of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction during the Covid-19 era: A comparison with the pre-Covid-19 period. A systematic review and meta-analysis
  118. Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
  119. Oncogenic role of TWF2 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis
  120. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin predicts the length of hospital stay independent of severity classification in patients with acute pancreatitis
  121. Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
  122. TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts
  123. Antisense lncRNA PCNA-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the miR-2467-3p/PCNA axis
  124. NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
  125. The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
  126. miR-146-5p restrains calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing TRAF6
  127. Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
  128. lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2
  129. Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
  130. lncRNA FAM230B is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and suppresses the maturation of miR-1182 to increase cell proliferation
  131. circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
  132. LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
  133. Risk perception and affective state on work exhaustion in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic
  134. lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma
  135. SNRPB promotes cell cycle progression in thyroid carcinoma via inhibiting p53
  136. Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
  137. Serpin family A member 1 is an oncogene in glioma and its translation is enhanced by NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 through RNA-binding activity
  138. Silencing of CPSF7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  139. Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in children with hip dislocation: A double-blind, randomized trial
  140. Relationship of plasma MBP and 8-oxo-dG with brain damage in preterm
  141. Identification of a novel necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  142. Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
  143. The expression of ASAP3 and NOTCH3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of adult glioma patients
  144. Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
  145. HOXA10 enhances cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in esophageal cancer via activating p38/ERK signaling pathway
  146. Meta-analysis of early-life antibiotic use and allergic rhinitis
  147. Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas
  148. HPV16 E6E7 up-regulates KIF2A expression by activating JNK/c-Jun signal, is beneficial to migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells
  149. Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer
  150. Pain in critically ill COVID-19 patients: An Italian retrospective study
  151. Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
  152. Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
  153. Long non-coding RNAs LINC00689 inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-3127-5p/ATG7 axis-mediated autophagy
  154. The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality
  155. Monitoring hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women of advanced maternal age: Trial mimicking with retrospective data
  156. SETD1A promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
  157. The role of Shunaoxin pills in the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its main pharmacodynamic components
  158. TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
  159. Associations between morphokinetic parameters of temporary-arrest embryos and the clinical prognosis in FET cycles
  160. Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis
  161. The incidence of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  162. Integrated bioinformatics analysis shows integrin alpha 3 is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
  163. Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway
  164. Comparison of hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A (H7N9 and H1N1): A retrospective study from a designated hospital
  165. lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating AAK1
  166. Pathological characteristics of liver injury induced by N,N-dimethylformamide: From humans to animal models
  167. lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 enhances the progression of colon cancer by targeting miR-4270 to upregulate AURKB
  168. DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
  169. Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
  170. MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
  171. Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
  172. circRNA DENND1B inhibits tumorigenicity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via miR-122-5p/TIMP2 axis
  173. EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways
  174. Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block
  175. miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition
  176. Review Articles
  177. Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper
  178. Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
  179. The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
  180. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
  181. Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts
  182. Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
  183. Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
  184. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis
  185. Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
  186. Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
  187. Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function
  188. Case Reports
  189. Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
  190. A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
  191. Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report
  192. Atypical symptoms of malignant hyperthermia: A rare causative mutation in the RYR1 gene
  193. A case report of dermatomyositis with the missed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and concurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis
  194. A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
  195. Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
  196. Fungal infection mimicking COVID-19 infection – A case report
  197. Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
  198. Paraganglioma-induced inverted takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  199. Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
  200. Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
  201. Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
  202. Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
  203. Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
  204. Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
  205. Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
  206. Commentary
  207. Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
  208. Rapid Communication
  209. COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
  210. Erratum
  211. Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
  212. Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
  213. Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
  214. Retraction
  215. Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
  216. Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
  217. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
  218. Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2021-0401
Keywords for this article
alcoholism; hepatitis B virus; liver cirrhosis; patients
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. AMBRA1 attenuates the proliferation of uveal melanoma cells
  3. A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  4. Differences in complications between hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and alcohol-related cirrhosis
  5. Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  6. Long noncoding RNA NR2F1-AS1 stimulates the tumorigenic behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells by sponging miR-363-3p to increase SOX4
  7. Promising novel biomarkers and candidate small-molecule drugs for lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data
  8. Plasmapheresis: Is it a potential alternative treatment for chronic urticaria?
  9. The biomarkers of key miRNAs and gene targets associated with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
  10. Gene signature to predict prognostic survival of hepatocellular carcinoma
  11. Effects of miRNA-199a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma by targeting MED12
  12. Does diabetes affect paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in colorectal cancer?
  13. Is there any effect on imprinted genes H19, PEG3, and SNRPN during AOA?
  14. Leptin and PCSK9 concentrations are associated with vascular endothelial cytokines in patients with stable coronary heart disease
  15. Pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 and male fertility problems
  16. Staple line reinforcement with nebulized cyanoacrylate glue in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A propensity score-matched study
  17. Retrospective analysis of crescent score in clinical prognosis of IgA nephropathy
  18. Expression of DNM3 is associated with good outcome in colorectal cancer
  19. Activation of SphK2 contributes to adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation
  20. CRRT influences PICCO measurements in febrile critically ill patients
  21. SLCO4A1-AS1 mediates pancreatic cancer development via miR-4673/KIF21B axis
  22. lncRNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells
  23. circ_AKT3 knockdown suppresses cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer
  24. Prognostic value of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in human cancers: Evidence from a meta-analysis and database validation
  25. GPC2 deficiency inhibits cell growth and metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma
  26. A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of Holliday junction recognition protein in human tumors
  27. Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer
  28. Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome
  29. miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
  30. Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
  31. Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
  32. Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2
  33. circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury
  34. Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
  35. Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
  36. Decreased expression of miR-195 mediated by hypermethylation promotes osteosarcoma
  37. LMO3 promotes proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating LIMK1-mediated cofilin and the β-catenin pathway
  38. Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network
  39. Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey
  40. Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome?
  41. Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MT1-MMP, β1-integrin and YAP1 in glioma
  42. Optimal diagnosis of the skin cancer using a hybrid deep neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm
  43. miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells
  44. Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis
  45. circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
  46. miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
  47. hsa-miR-340-5p inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling
  48. circ_0085296 inhibits the biological functions of trophoblast cells to promote the progression of preeclampsia via the miR-942-5p/THBS2 network
  49. TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
  50. Development of a risk-stratification scoring system for predicting risk of breast cancer based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, and uric acid
  51. Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
  52. circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis
  53. Human amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells
  54. lncRNA NONRATT013819.2 promotes transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblastic transition of hepatic stellate cells by miR24-3p/lox
  55. NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
  56. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis telemedicine management during COVID-19 outbreak
  57. Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
  58. Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19
  59. The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
  60. LncRNA expression in idiopathic achalasia: New insight and preliminary exploration into pathogenesis
  61. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  62. Moscatilin suppresses the inflammation from macrophages and T cells
  63. Zoledronate promotes ECM degradation and apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin
  64. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease
  65. The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
  66. Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
  67. Low expression of miR-27b in serum exosomes of non-small cell lung cancer facilitates its progression by affecting EGFR
  68. Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis
  69. miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1
  70. The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
  71. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation in cholangiocarcinoma impairs tumor progression by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis
  72. Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
  73. A 16-gene signature associated with homologous recombination deficiency for prognosis prediction in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
  74. Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization
  75. MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model
  76. miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis
  77. Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2
  78. circRNF20 aggravates the malignancy of retinoblastoma depending on the regulation of miR-132-3p/PAX6 axis
  79. Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis
  80. Rack1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines by NF-κB in diabetic nephropathy
  81. Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients
  82. Smog and risk of maternal and fetal birth outcomes: A retrospective study in Baoding, China
  83. Let-7i-3p inhibits the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating CCND1
  84. β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis
  85. Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
  86. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
  87. Potential biomarkers for inflammatory response in acute lung injury
  88. A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia
  89. Antitumor activity of recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus with human IL2
  90. ALKBH5 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through Bcl-2 pathway
  91. Risk prediction of cardiovascular disease using machine learning classifiers
  92. Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
  93. Bioinformatics analysis reveals three key genes and four survival genes associated with youth-onset NSCLC
  94. Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
  95. Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
  96. Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8
  97. Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation
  98. Effectiveness and clinical benefits of new anti-diabetic drugs: A real life experience
  99. Identification of osteoporosis based on gene biomarkers using support vector machine
  100. Tanshinone IIA reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-30b-5p/AVEN axis
  101. miR-212-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting METTL3
  102. Association of ST-T changes with all-cause mortality among patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas
  103. LINC00665/miRNAs axis-mediated collagen type XI alpha 1 correlates with immune infiltration and malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
  105. Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study
  106. Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
  107. lncRNA HAGLR modulates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through regulating miR-133a-3p/MAPK1 axis
  108. Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
  109. In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
  110. Relationship between the height of fibular head and the incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis
  111. lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury during cerebral ischemic stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP axis
  112. Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
  113. LncRNA LINC01857 reduces metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells via regulating miR-2052/CENPQ axis
  114. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoted by transcription factor SPI1 acts as an oncogene to modulate the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer
  115. SELENBP1 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  116. Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
  117. Treatment and outcomes of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction during the Covid-19 era: A comparison with the pre-Covid-19 period. A systematic review and meta-analysis
  118. Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
  119. Oncogenic role of TWF2 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis
  120. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin predicts the length of hospital stay independent of severity classification in patients with acute pancreatitis
  121. Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
  122. TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts
  123. Antisense lncRNA PCNA-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the miR-2467-3p/PCNA axis
  124. NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
  125. The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
  126. miR-146-5p restrains calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing TRAF6
  127. Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
  128. lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2
  129. Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
  130. lncRNA FAM230B is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and suppresses the maturation of miR-1182 to increase cell proliferation
  131. circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
  132. LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
  133. Risk perception and affective state on work exhaustion in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic
  134. lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma
  135. SNRPB promotes cell cycle progression in thyroid carcinoma via inhibiting p53
  136. Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
  137. Serpin family A member 1 is an oncogene in glioma and its translation is enhanced by NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 through RNA-binding activity
  138. Silencing of CPSF7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  139. Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in children with hip dislocation: A double-blind, randomized trial
  140. Relationship of plasma MBP and 8-oxo-dG with brain damage in preterm
  141. Identification of a novel necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  142. Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
  143. The expression of ASAP3 and NOTCH3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of adult glioma patients
  144. Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
  145. HOXA10 enhances cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in esophageal cancer via activating p38/ERK signaling pathway
  146. Meta-analysis of early-life antibiotic use and allergic rhinitis
  147. Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas
  148. HPV16 E6E7 up-regulates KIF2A expression by activating JNK/c-Jun signal, is beneficial to migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells
  149. Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer
  150. Pain in critically ill COVID-19 patients: An Italian retrospective study
  151. Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
  152. Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
  153. Long non-coding RNAs LINC00689 inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-3127-5p/ATG7 axis-mediated autophagy
  154. The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality
  155. Monitoring hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women of advanced maternal age: Trial mimicking with retrospective data
  156. SETD1A promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
  157. The role of Shunaoxin pills in the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its main pharmacodynamic components
  158. TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
  159. Associations between morphokinetic parameters of temporary-arrest embryos and the clinical prognosis in FET cycles
  160. Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis
  161. The incidence of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  162. Integrated bioinformatics analysis shows integrin alpha 3 is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
  163. Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway
  164. Comparison of hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A (H7N9 and H1N1): A retrospective study from a designated hospital
  165. lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating AAK1
  166. Pathological characteristics of liver injury induced by N,N-dimethylformamide: From humans to animal models
  167. lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 enhances the progression of colon cancer by targeting miR-4270 to upregulate AURKB
  168. DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
  169. Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
  170. MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
  171. Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
  172. circRNA DENND1B inhibits tumorigenicity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via miR-122-5p/TIMP2 axis
  173. EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways
  174. Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block
  175. miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition
  176. Review Articles
  177. Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper
  178. Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
  179. The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
  180. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
  181. Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts
  182. Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
  183. Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
  184. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis
  185. Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
  186. Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
  187. Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function
  188. Case Reports
  189. Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
  190. A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
  191. Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report
  192. Atypical symptoms of malignant hyperthermia: A rare causative mutation in the RYR1 gene
  193. A case report of dermatomyositis with the missed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and concurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis
  194. A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
  195. Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
  196. Fungal infection mimicking COVID-19 infection – A case report
  197. Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
  198. Paraganglioma-induced inverted takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  199. Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
  200. Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
  201. Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
  202. Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
  203. Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
  204. Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
  205. Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
  206. Commentary
  207. Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
  208. Rapid Communication
  209. COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
  210. Erratum
  211. Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
  212. Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
  213. Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
  214. Retraction
  215. Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
  216. Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
  217. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
  218. Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
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