Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
-
Ettore Mearini
,
Matteo Mearini
Abstract
Fistulas arising between ureters and iliac arteries (UAF) are rare pathological events and frequently require emergency treatment, as they are associated with massive haematuria and haemorrhagic shock. The medical history plays a key role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, as it allows to include UAF among the differential diagnoses of gross haematuria. The emergency treatments of fistulas arising between the urinary system and the vascular system include the open repairing surgery or the endovascular grafting, the latter generally better tolerated by patients suffering from multiple comorbidities or not eligible for traditional surgery. Nephrostomy or ureteral stent can be used to drain the affected upper urinary tract temporarily or permanently. Herein, we reported two cases of oncological patients affected by UAF and treated successfully by endovascular procedures. Furthermore, we performed a narrative review of the literature concerning UAF and its diagnostic and therapeutic management. Although our study did not allow us to state definitive conclusion about the diagnostic and therapeutic management of UAF due to small sample size, our findings support previous experiences in favour of the treatment of fistulas with an endovascular approach.
1 Introduction
Fistulas arising between ureters and iliac arteries (UAF) are rare pathological events [1] and frequently require emergency treatment, as they are associated with massive haematuria and haemorrhagic shock, with an overall mortality ranging between 7 and 23% [2]. Over the years, many pathogenetic factors of fistulization have been detected, such as arterial atherosclerosis, pelvic and retroperitoneal surgery (oncological and vascular), radiation therapies, and indwelling ureteral stenting [1,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The emergency treatments of fistulas arising between the urinary system and the vascular system include the open repairing surgery or the endovascular grafting, the latter generally better tolerated by patients suffering from multiple comorbidities or not eligible for traditional surgery [3,4]. Nephrostomy or ureteral stent can be used to drain the affected upper urinary tract temporarily or permanently.
Herein, we reported two cases of oncological patients treated for UAF, one of them affected by bilateral fistula. Secondary aim was to perform a narrative review of the literature concerning UAF and its diagnostic and therapeutic management (Figure 1).
Site of UAF. Yellow dart: case 1 (proximal external iliac artery). Orange darts: case 2 (distal left common iliac artery and proximal left hypogastric artery).
Table 1 shows the main demographic and clinical data.
Clinical history of our patients
| Case 1 | Case 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st episode | 1st episode | 2nd episode | |
| Gender | Male | Female | |
| Age at UAF onset | 72 | 56 | 64 |
| Smoking | Yes | No | No |
| Comorbidities and history | Aorto-iliac atherosclerosis | Comorbidities: AH, CKD, chronic anaemia. History: vasculitis, left iliac-femoral DVT. | |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 9 | 4 | 5 |
| Previous surgery (abdominal, retroperitoneal) | None | Left nephrectomy (February 2014) for chronic erosive pyelitis | |
| Previous Surgery (oncological) | RARC with lymphadenectomy | Hystero-adnexectomy + lymphadenectomy | |
| Urinary diversion | Ileal orthotopic neobladder | none | |
| Chemotherapy (CHT) – immunotherapy (IO) | Adjuvant CHT + IO | Adjuvant CHT | |
| Radiotherapy | No | Yes (pelvic) | |
| Periodical stent substitution | Yes (right) | Yes, bilateral (after RN, only right ureteral substitutions) | Yes (right ureter) |
| Stenting placement: indication | Hydronephrosis (right ureter-neobladder anastomosis stenosis) and right pyelonephritis | Hydronephrosis (ureteral stenosis) | |
| Side/level fistula | Right proximal EIA | Left CIA (residual ureter) | Right proximal IIA |
| Indwelling stent at UAF diagnosis | Yes | No | Yes |
| First CT scan | Positive | Negative | Not performed |
| Open surgery | No | No | No |
| Endovascular approach | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Angiography/aortography | Positive | Positive | 1st negative → 2nd positive |
| Pyelography | Positive | Positive | Not performed |
| Ureteropyeloscopy | Not performed | Performed – not diagnostic for massive bleeding | Performed – not diagnostic for massive bleeding |
| UAF onset after first stenting | 16 months (February 2020) | 7 years (May 2014) | 13 years (July 2019) |
| Arterial embolization | Right hypogastric artery | Left hypogastric artery | Right hypogastric artery |
| Materials and type of arterial by-pass | Viabahn® 5 mm × 100 mm between right common iliac artery and External iliac artery | Viabahn® 9 mm × 100 mm in left Common iliac artery | Viabahn® 16 mm × 12 mm × 100 mm between right proximal common iliac artery and External iliac artery |
| Ureteral embolization | No | Yes | No |
| UAF onset after RT (months) | / | Unknown | Unknown |
| Stent material and Ch | Polyurethane hydrophilic-coated double J 8 Ch | nd | Allium®, Silicone hydrophilic-coated (Vortek®) double J 7 Ch |
| Rebleeding | No | No | Yes |
| Indwelling ureteral stent/nephrostomy post UAF | Nephrostomy | Right ureteral stent | Right ureteral stent |
| Therapy at discharge | Acetilsalicilic acid 100 mg | LMWH and antibiotics | LMWH and antibiotics |
| Follow-up (complications) | No | No | Rebleeding; right uretero-colic fistula |
| Follow-up (further surgery/endovascular surgery) | No | No | Endovascular prothesis placement; haemicolectomy and colostomy |
| Death | 3 months earlier for BC metastatic progression | No | No |
AH: arterial hypertension; CDK: chronic kidney failure; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; RARC: robot-assisted radical cystectomy; EIA: external iliac artery; CIA: common iliac artery; IIA: internal iliac artery; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; BC: bladder cancer.
2 Case 1
Caucasian 72-year-old male, smoker, suffering from moderate and diffuse atherosclerosis along the aortic-bis-iliac and iliac bifurcations, underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction for muscle invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cT2N2M0 on October 2018. After the onset of pulmonary metastases, he underwent adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy. Eleven months after RARC, an 8 Charrière (Ch) stent was placed for slight right hydronephrosis onset due to benign stenosis of the neobladder-ureteral anastomosis. The patient, not being a candidate for major corrective surgery of stenosis due to systemic progression of the muscle invasive bladder cancer, underwent one double J ureteral stent replacement for palliative purposes. The patient was re-admitted to our clinic for urosepsis showing hyperpyrexia (body temperature >39°C) associated with shiver and a slightly increased right hydronephrosis compared to the previous condition, with the impairment of renal function (creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 2.18 mg/dl and 31.64 mL/min, respectively) despite the double J stent resulted correctly placed. The patient was treated by empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and supportive therapy with quick recovery from all symptoms. On the fifth day of hospitalization and close to discharge, a lipothymic episode and stinging pain in the right iliac fossa with massive haematuria occurred, determining severe shock. Haemoglobin level dropped from 9.1 to 7.4 g/dL in few hours, and emergency blood transfusion was started. An emergency contrast-enhanced total body computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, showing a spread of contrast from a 6 mm injury of the right external iliac artery close to ureteral cross. The patient underwent subsequent transfemoral arteriography that revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the proximal right external iliac artery. The embolization of the right internal iliac artery using flakes of polyvinyl alcohol, and the placement of a 100 mm × 5 mm stent-graft (proximal-end in the common iliac artery, distal-end in the external iliac artery), allowed the prompt resolution of the haemorrhage without further complications. Along the day of the emergency, a total of five blood transfusions were administered consecutively, and another transfusion was made the day after. The subsequent antegrade pyelography confirmed the presence of contrast leakage near the external iliac artery, thus confirming the diagnosis of UAF. The ureteral stent was removed 16 days after the procedure and permanent right nephrostomy was placed simultaneously. The patient was discharged in general stationary conditions, with 1.63 mg/dL of creatinine levels and 10.3 g/dL of haemoglobin. The patient died of bladder cancer 3 months after the endovascular procedure without any other complications related to the fistula. The patient signed informed consent for anonymous data use and publication (Figures 2 and 3).
Angio-CT, axial plane, arterial phase, case 1. Major diameter of the UAF. Dart: UAF with concomitant iodinated contrast leakage; #: common right iliac artery bifurcation; *: hypogastric artery; §: external iliac artery; and @: pseudoaneurysm sac.
Angiography, image with no digital subtraction, frontal view, late arterial phase, case 1. Iodinated contrast leakage from UAF. *: right ureteral double J stent and §: contrast leakage from UAF.
3 Case 2
A 56-year-old Caucasian woman underwent hystero-adnexectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in 2000. The patient, suffering from post-actinic retroperitoneal fibrosis and hydronephrosis was treated by bilateral ureteral stenting in 2007. In 2014, the patient underwent left radical nephrectomy (RN) for chronic pyelonephritis associated with severe haemorrhage. Few months after RN, the patient was re-admitted to our clinic for gross haematuria reaching a haemoglobin level of 6.6 g/dL, thus requiring blood transfusions. CT angiography and retrograde pyelography resulted negative for contrast leakage, so a bilateral ureteropyeloscopy and provocative retrograde pyelography were performed: the latter manoeuvre showed contrast leakage from the left ureteral stump into the iliac artery (Figure 4).
Retrograde ureterography, image with no digital subtraction, frontal view, case 2, first episode. Iodinated contrast leak from the left ureter into the distal left common iliac artery. *: left ureteral stent; §: left common iliac artery; and #: UAF.
Ureteral embolization using a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol and percutaneous arterial stenting of the left common iliac artery by placement of 9 mm × 100 mm Viabahn® stents were performed. After 8 years of good health in which ureteral stent was periodically substituted, gross haematuria with haemoglobin level at the admittance of 6.8 g/dL requiring immediate blood transfusions, fever, and pain in the right side of the abdomen occurred and the patient was re-admitted to our clinic. Cystoscopy showed right ureteral bleeding and the ureteroscopy confirmed the ureteral origin of the bleeding but was not diagnostic for bleeding cause, whereas the arteriography did not show any arterial leakage or other source of bleeding in urinary system. CT angiography was not performed for severe chronic renal failure. As the bleeding was persisting, the ureteropyeloscopy was repeated but resulted negative for haematuria. Subsequent arteriography showed leakage of contrast from the proximal right hypogastric artery. The embolization of the right hypogastric artery, and concomitant positioning of Viabahn® vascular endoprosthesis and a silicone hydrophilic-coated single J 7 Ch ureteral stent on already-in-place self-expanding elastic nitinol alloy covered by a unique polymer (Allium®), allowed the resolution of the haematuria with a rapid improvement in the general conditions of the patient. Haematuria recurred after 8 and 10 months because of vascular complications, so a double self-expanding metalized endovascular prosthesis for pseudoaneurysm of the right EIA and an aortic-bisiliac endovascular prosthesis due to the collapse of the right iliac stent and the onset of a 10 cm pseudoaneurysm were, respectively, placed. At the 13th month of follow-up, the onset of a ureteral-intestinal fistula required to perform a colostomy. Six months after, the ureteral double J stent was removed and an indwelling nephrostomy was placed. The patients is alive to date. The patient signed informed consent for anonymous data use and publication.
4 Discussion
The onset of UAF is rare event, which could lead to dramatic consequences. It should be suspected in patients suffering from undefined continuous or intermittent haematuria with specific risk factors. The clinical presentation can be extremely variable and imaging may not be diagnostic at first analysis [1]. Therefore, the detailed and accurate analysis of patient’s comorbidity is mandatory for a correct clinical work-up. Smoking, history of pelvic cancer, previous pelvic or retroperitoneal surgery and radiation therapies, atherosclerosis, or chronic indwelling ureteral stenting were proved being associated with higher risk of UAF [1,9,10,11] (Table 2). Abdominal and pelvic oncological surgery and vascular surgery were reported from 63.8 to 69.5% of patients with UAF and van den Bergh et al. highlighted that they were independent risk factors [1].
Main risk factors reported to be associated with UAF
| van den Bergh et al. [1] | Batter et al. [9] | Das et al. [11] | Subiela et al. [10] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 139 patients | 37 patients | 118 patients | 94 patients | |
| Surgery | 54% (oncologic) + 31% (vascular) | 68% | 69.5% | 63.8% |
| RT | Not specified | 46% | 48.3% | 57.4% |
| Ureteral stenting | Not specified | 65% | 73.7% | 91.5% |
Radiotherapy and ureteral stenting were proved being in 46–57.4 and 65–91.5% of patients suffered from UAF, respectively. It is to be noted that the incidence of both these risk factors has increased over the years. The explanation of these data could be related to the three possible causes: (1) the growing and progressive use of minimal invasive surgery, specifically endovascular and endourological ones; (2) the increasing application of RT in cancer therapeutic management; and (3) the ageing of the population so that over the years the proportion of elderly patients to be treated has increased. Therefore, the most innovative therapeutic strategies, mainly for pelvic oncological disease, paradoxically may favour UAF incidence [5,12,13,14].
In fact, from the pathogenetic point of view, pelvic RT and repeated ureteral manipulation favour the degeneration of the ureteral wall and the scar-adhesion reaction of the periureteral tissues. Chronic inflammation, which is stimulated and exacerbated by RT and ureteral stenting, promotes fibrogenesis, ischaemic vascular damage, tissue atrophy, and necrosis [1,15,16]. The damage of the sclerotic periureteral tissue is also favoured by the pulling effect of the pulsatility of the close iliac arteries [12,17]. Beside the ureteral damage, the weakening of the arterial wall should be considered as the consequence of radiotherapy, diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, and vasa vasorum deficiency [2], which are all typical diseases of elderly. Therefore, a patient affected by the aforementioned risk factors should be considered a high risk for UAF development. Clinical feature of UAF is haematuria, massive or even intermittent, which is the most common symptom and is variously accompanied by flank pain and haemodynamic instability. Krambek et al. in 2005, in their diagnostic algorithm, considered haematuria, the presence of bladder clots, and flank pain the main symptomatological triad.
The most common symptoms reported in literature are summarized in Table 3.
The most common symptoms of UAF (%)
| Krambek et al. [3] (8 patients) | van den Bergh [1] (139 patients) | Das et al. [11] (118 patients) | Subiela et al. [10] (94 patients) | Our cases (2 patients, 3 UAF) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main symptoms (%) | Haematuria | 100 | 74 | 100 | 100 | 3/3: 100% |
| Flank pain | 57 | 17 | 7.6 | 12.8 | 3/3: 100% | |
| Fever | n.r. | 7 | n.r. | n.r. | 3/3: 100% | |
| Hydronephrosis | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 26.6 | 2/3: 66% | |
| Haemodynamic instability | n.r. | n.r. | 17.8 | 21.3 | 2/3: 66% | |
n.r.: not reported.
Fever was reported as not frequent symptom in literature [1,2], whereas it occurred in both our cases and it anticipated the massive haematuria. We believe it is a significant symptom because it could be premonitory of the onset of haematuria. This could be due to the complete fistulization between ureter and iliac artery that favours the passage of pathogens and pro-inflammatory factors from an infected and inflamed ureter into the bloodstream, leading to fever and urosepsis, as occurred in our first case [18]. Therefore, fever, especially if accompanied by macroscopic haematuria, in patients with risk factors, could be useful in directing the differential diagnosis of haematuria towards UAF. Imaging evaluation may benefit from angiography and contrast-enhanced CT scan, the latter not always appreciated from all authors in Literature. Krambek et al., in their diagnostic algorithm, did not include CT as the first-line examination for its low detection rate (50% of patients), recommending angiography and provocative angiography as the most useful diagnostic tools. However, in their study, CT scan was tested on only four patients, which are a too small sample to state a definitive recommendation [3]. van den Bergh et al. found similar data, reporting angiography and CT sensibility of 69 and 42%, respectively. The authors also showed ureter-pyelography sensibility of 52%, specifying how its diagnostic capacity depends on the speed of the blood flow out of the fistulized artery, asserting that a blood flow of ≥3 mL/s from the artery through the fistula into the ureter is unlikely to allow a pyelographic diagnosis. In addition, this study highlighted the need of performing an average of 2.4 radiological studies for a single patient before a definitive radiological diagnosis [1]. The diagnostic accuracy (%) of CT scan has been reported in some more recent studies as extremely variable, ranging from 0 to 55% [16,19,20].
Subiela et al. reported the number and type of diagnostic techniques used in the most recent studies from 1990 to 2017: the prevalence of angiography and angioTC employment was 36.2 and 29.8%, respectively, but the authors did not refer their diagnostic accuracy. However, the authors stated that CT scan with contrast was the most used and accurate method for the diagnosis of UAF [10]. In our first case, the indication for CT scan was mandatory due to the lipothymic-neurological signs that anticipated the severe haemorrhagic shock. CT scan in this case was diagnostic, and angiography only confirmed and targeted the fistula for the endovascular treatment. The antegrade pyelography carried out after endovascular treatment was purely descriptive. The positivity of all radiological exams is certainly attributable to the size of the fistula (6 mm in maximum diameter) which, in the acute phase of rupture, determined a blood outflow of about 7 mL/s, considering that usually the speed of blood flow at the level of the iliac artery is about 30 cm/s.
In our second case, ureteroscopy with retrograde pyelography was diagnostic for UAF, while CT was negative. When the UAF has risen again, the arteriography initially was negative, whereas resulted positive during combined endourological-endovascular surgery. CT scan in the second episode was not practiced since, in the concrete suspicion of a UAF and because of the patient’s severe renal failure, priority was given to the angiographic study, thus allowing performing simultaneously both diagnosis and treatment (Table 4).
Diagnostic rate (%) of imaging
| Okada et al. [20] (11 patients) | van den Bergh et al. [1] (139 patients) | Das et al. [11] (118 patients) | Our case (2 patients, 3 UAF) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging (% diagnostic) | CT scan | 27 | 42 | 36 | 1/2 (50%) |
| Angiography | 45 | 69 | 72 | 2/3 (66%) | |
| UPS/RETROGRADE PYELOgraphy | Not performed | 52 | 61 | 3/3 (100%) | |
UPS: ureteropyeloscopy.
Concerning therapeutic management, Krambeck et al. in 2005 suggested an algorithm that took into account being fit for surgery, reserving the endovascular approach only to patients not eligible for surgery or whatever with contraindications to it [3]. However, many studies reported that the endovascular approach is equally effective and better tolerated by the patients than traditional open surgery, with lower risks related to procedure [1,4,9,11,12,15,16,17]. In our experience, both the patients were treated by an endovascular approach, therefore through arterial embolization and the placement of endovascular prostheses and stents, and did not need open surgical correction. The endovascular approach, especially in the first patient, proved to be the fastest treatment in conditions of absolute emergency and haemodynamic instability, allowing the prompt resolution of the massive bleeding and the quick improvement of health conditions.
Subiela et al. reported post-procedural outcomes and mortality in patients undergoing vascular endoprosthesis or vascular stent implantation [10]. Overall post-procedural complications were 10%: early complications, defined as event within 30 days, occurred in 4.2% of patients and included femoral arterial thrombosis, wound infection, rebleeding, and graft-skin fistulization. Late complications, defined as event over 30 days, occurred in 17% of patients at a median follow-up of 8 months and included rebleeding (7.5%), endovascular stent thrombosis (3.2%), retroperitoneal abscess and urosepsis (2.1%), arterial thrombosis (1%), and limb claudication (1%). Overall mortality was 27.6% (26/94) at the follow-up, but only 2.1% died from complications related to UAF. Okada et al. in their case series of 11 patients evaluated complications and mortality related to the endovascular approach of UAF, describing no rebleeding at 1 and 2 years in 76.2 and 40.6% of patients, respectively, with only one death related to UAF [20]. In our experience, the first patient died from metastatic bladder cancer, and in the short 3-month follow-up, there were no UAF-related complications. The second patient is still alive despite she needed two endovascular re-operations at 8 and 11 months. Data on recurrences seem to suggest that the placement of vascular endoprosthesis and nephrostomy, with the simultaneous removal of the ureteral stent and the subsequent break of the mechanic and inflammatory triggers, may led to UAF recovery without the need of surgery [2]. Considering the technological progress of imaging techniques and interventional radiology, we believe that the minimal invasive endovascular approach could be considered the first therapeutic option. Traditional surgery remains the gold standard in case of failure of minimally invasive therapy or if the experience concerning interventional radiology is poor [14]. Ureteral embolization may be useful to support the endovascular procedure in the management of macrohaematuria [13]. We also consider a safer procedure to remove the ureteral stent and to place of a temporary or indwelling nephrostomy and thus to reduce the mechanical damage on the already compromised ureteral wall and to lower inflammation and the risk of urinary infections. The fistula will therefore have the possibility to recover without the need of corrective surgery. However, due to the small sample size of the available studies and the lack of prospective comparative ones in literature, it is not possible to state a definitive recommendation about the best surgical strategy. It is important to underline the essential role of a multidisciplinary appoach including the urologist, the interventional radiologist, and the vascular surgeon in the case of the onset of UAF. As future perspective, two topics should be investigated: (1) the materials of the ureteral stents should be investigated as possible factor favouring UAF development and (2) a detailed histopathological analysis of the ureters and periureteral tissues in chronic stent carriers to improve the knowledge of the UAF etiopathogenesis.
5 Conclusions
Ureteral-iliac fistulas can be life threatening for the patient. The medical history plays a key role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, as it allows to include UAF among the differential diagnoses of gross haematuria. Although our study did not allow us to state definitive conclusion about the diagnostic and therapeutic management of UAF due to small sample size, our findings support previous experiences in favour of the treatment of fistulas with an endovascular approach.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the University of Perugia that has supported this research with the “Basic Research Fund 2019”.
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Funding information: The authors did not receive any funding.
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Author contributions: conception: EM and GC; design: VC, GF, and AV; writing – original draft preparation: VC, GF, and MM; writing – review and editing: VC and MM; interpretation of the reported study: EM, AP, and GC; and supervision: EM and GC.
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Conflict of interest: AP and GC serve as Editors in Open Medicine, but it did not affect the peer-review process. Other authors state they have no conflict of interest.
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Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
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- Prognostic value of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in human cancers: Evidence from a meta-analysis and database validation
- GPC2 deficiency inhibits cell growth and metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma
- A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of Holliday junction recognition protein in human tumors
- Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer
- Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome
- miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
- Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
- Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
- Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2
- circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury
- Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
- Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
- Decreased expression of miR-195 mediated by hypermethylation promotes osteosarcoma
- LMO3 promotes proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating LIMK1-mediated cofilin and the β-catenin pathway
- Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network
- Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey
- Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome?
- Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MT1-MMP, β1-integrin and YAP1 in glioma
- Optimal diagnosis of the skin cancer using a hybrid deep neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm
- miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells
- Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis
- circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
- miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
- hsa-miR-340-5p inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling
- circ_0085296 inhibits the biological functions of trophoblast cells to promote the progression of preeclampsia via the miR-942-5p/THBS2 network
- TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
- Development of a risk-stratification scoring system for predicting risk of breast cancer based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, and uric acid
- Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
- circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis
- Human amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells
- lncRNA NONRATT013819.2 promotes transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblastic transition of hepatic stellate cells by miR24-3p/lox
- NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis telemedicine management during COVID-19 outbreak
- Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
- Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19
- The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- LncRNA expression in idiopathic achalasia: New insight and preliminary exploration into pathogenesis
- Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Moscatilin suppresses the inflammation from macrophages and T cells
- Zoledronate promotes ECM degradation and apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease
- The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
- Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
- Low expression of miR-27b in serum exosomes of non-small cell lung cancer facilitates its progression by affecting EGFR
- Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis
- miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1
- The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation in cholangiocarcinoma impairs tumor progression by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis
- Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
- A 16-gene signature associated with homologous recombination deficiency for prognosis prediction in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
- Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization
- MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model
- miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis
- Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2
- circRNF20 aggravates the malignancy of retinoblastoma depending on the regulation of miR-132-3p/PAX6 axis
- Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis
- Rack1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines by NF-κB in diabetic nephropathy
- Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients
- Smog and risk of maternal and fetal birth outcomes: A retrospective study in Baoding, China
- Let-7i-3p inhibits the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating CCND1
- β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis
- Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
- In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
- Potential biomarkers for inflammatory response in acute lung injury
- A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia
- Antitumor activity of recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus with human IL2
- ALKBH5 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through Bcl-2 pathway
- Risk prediction of cardiovascular disease using machine learning classifiers
- Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
- Bioinformatics analysis reveals three key genes and four survival genes associated with youth-onset NSCLC
- Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
- Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
- Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8
- Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation
- Effectiveness and clinical benefits of new anti-diabetic drugs: A real life experience
- Identification of osteoporosis based on gene biomarkers using support vector machine
- Tanshinone IIA reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-30b-5p/AVEN axis
- miR-212-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting METTL3
- Association of ST-T changes with all-cause mortality among patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas
- LINC00665/miRNAs axis-mediated collagen type XI alpha 1 correlates with immune infiltration and malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
- The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
- Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study
- Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
- lncRNA HAGLR modulates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through regulating miR-133a-3p/MAPK1 axis
- Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
- In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
- Relationship between the height of fibular head and the incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis
- lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury during cerebral ischemic stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP axis
- Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
- LncRNA LINC01857 reduces metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells via regulating miR-2052/CENPQ axis
- Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoted by transcription factor SPI1 acts as an oncogene to modulate the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer
- SELENBP1 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
- Treatment and outcomes of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction during the Covid-19 era: A comparison with the pre-Covid-19 period. A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
- Oncogenic role of TWF2 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin predicts the length of hospital stay independent of severity classification in patients with acute pancreatitis
- Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
- TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts
- Antisense lncRNA PCNA-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the miR-2467-3p/PCNA axis
- NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
- The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
- miR-146-5p restrains calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing TRAF6
- Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
- lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2
- Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
- lncRNA FAM230B is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and suppresses the maturation of miR-1182 to increase cell proliferation
- circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
- LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
- Risk perception and affective state on work exhaustion in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic
- lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma
- SNRPB promotes cell cycle progression in thyroid carcinoma via inhibiting p53
- Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
- Serpin family A member 1 is an oncogene in glioma and its translation is enhanced by NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 through RNA-binding activity
- Silencing of CPSF7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in children with hip dislocation: A double-blind, randomized trial
- Relationship of plasma MBP and 8-oxo-dG with brain damage in preterm
- Identification of a novel necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
- The expression of ASAP3 and NOTCH3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of adult glioma patients
- Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
- HOXA10 enhances cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in esophageal cancer via activating p38/ERK signaling pathway
- Meta-analysis of early-life antibiotic use and allergic rhinitis
- Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas
- HPV16 E6E7 up-regulates KIF2A expression by activating JNK/c-Jun signal, is beneficial to migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells
- Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer
- Pain in critically ill COVID-19 patients: An Italian retrospective study
- Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
- Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
- Long non-coding RNAs LINC00689 inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-3127-5p/ATG7 axis-mediated autophagy
- The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality
- Monitoring hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women of advanced maternal age: Trial mimicking with retrospective data
- SETD1A promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
- The role of Shunaoxin pills in the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its main pharmacodynamic components
- TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
- Associations between morphokinetic parameters of temporary-arrest embryos and the clinical prognosis in FET cycles
- Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis
- The incidence of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis shows integrin alpha 3 is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
- Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway
- Comparison of hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A (H7N9 and H1N1): A retrospective study from a designated hospital
- lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating AAK1
- Pathological characteristics of liver injury induced by N,N-dimethylformamide: From humans to animal models
- lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 enhances the progression of colon cancer by targeting miR-4270 to upregulate AURKB
- DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
- Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
- MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
- Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
- circRNA DENND1B inhibits tumorigenicity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via miR-122-5p/TIMP2 axis
- EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways
- Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block
- miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition
- Review Articles
- Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper
- Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
- The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
- Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts
- Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis
- Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
- Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
- Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function
- Case Reports
- Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
- A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
- Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report
- Atypical symptoms of malignant hyperthermia: A rare causative mutation in the RYR1 gene
- A case report of dermatomyositis with the missed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and concurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis
- A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
- Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
- Fungal infection mimicking COVID-19 infection – A case report
- Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
- Paraganglioma-induced inverted takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
- Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
- Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
- Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
- Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
- Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
- Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
- Commentary
- Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
- Rapid Communication
- COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
- Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
- Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
- Retraction
- Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
- Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
- Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
- Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Articles
- AMBRA1 attenuates the proliferation of uveal melanoma cells
- A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Differences in complications between hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and alcohol-related cirrhosis
- Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Long noncoding RNA NR2F1-AS1 stimulates the tumorigenic behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells by sponging miR-363-3p to increase SOX4
- Promising novel biomarkers and candidate small-molecule drugs for lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data
- Plasmapheresis: Is it a potential alternative treatment for chronic urticaria?
- The biomarkers of key miRNAs and gene targets associated with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
- Gene signature to predict prognostic survival of hepatocellular carcinoma
- Effects of miRNA-199a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma by targeting MED12
- Does diabetes affect paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in colorectal cancer?
- Is there any effect on imprinted genes H19, PEG3, and SNRPN during AOA?
- Leptin and PCSK9 concentrations are associated with vascular endothelial cytokines in patients with stable coronary heart disease
- Pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 and male fertility problems
- Staple line reinforcement with nebulized cyanoacrylate glue in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A propensity score-matched study
- Retrospective analysis of crescent score in clinical prognosis of IgA nephropathy
- Expression of DNM3 is associated with good outcome in colorectal cancer
- Activation of SphK2 contributes to adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation
- CRRT influences PICCO measurements in febrile critically ill patients
- SLCO4A1-AS1 mediates pancreatic cancer development via miR-4673/KIF21B axis
- lncRNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells
- circ_AKT3 knockdown suppresses cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer
- Prognostic value of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in human cancers: Evidence from a meta-analysis and database validation
- GPC2 deficiency inhibits cell growth and metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma
- A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of Holliday junction recognition protein in human tumors
- Radiation increases COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL1A2 expression in breast cancer
- Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome
- miR-29c-5p knockdown reduces inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption by upregulating LRP6
- Cardiac contractility modulation ameliorates myocardial metabolic remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure through activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathway
- Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage
- Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2
- circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury
- Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
- Four drug metabolism-related subgroups of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in prognosis, immune infiltration, and gene mutation
- Decreased expression of miR-195 mediated by hypermethylation promotes osteosarcoma
- LMO3 promotes proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating LIMK1-mediated cofilin and the β-catenin pathway
- Cx43 upregulation in HUVECs under stretch via TGF-β1 and cytoskeletal network
- Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey
- Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome?
- Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MT1-MMP, β1-integrin and YAP1 in glioma
- Optimal diagnosis of the skin cancer using a hybrid deep neural network and grasshopper optimization algorithm
- miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells
- Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis
- circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8
- miR-22-5p regulates the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting EZH2
- hsa-miR-340-5p inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometriosis by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling
- circ_0085296 inhibits the biological functions of trophoblast cells to promote the progression of preeclampsia via the miR-942-5p/THBS2 network
- TCD hemodynamics findings in the subacute phase of anterior circulation stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy
- Development of a risk-stratification scoring system for predicting risk of breast cancer based on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease, and uric acid
- Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway
- circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis
- Human amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells
- lncRNA NONRATT013819.2 promotes transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblastic transition of hepatic stellate cells by miR24-3p/lox
- NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis telemedicine management during COVID-19 outbreak
- Risk factors for adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy
- Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19
- The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- LncRNA expression in idiopathic achalasia: New insight and preliminary exploration into pathogenesis
- Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Moscatilin suppresses the inflammation from macrophages and T cells
- Zoledronate promotes ECM degradation and apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in coronary artery disease
- The effect evaluation of traditional vaginal surgery and transvaginal mesh surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse: 5 years follow-up
- Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
- Low expression of miR-27b in serum exosomes of non-small cell lung cancer facilitates its progression by affecting EGFR
- Exosomal hsa_circ_0000519 modulates the NSCLC cell growth and metastasis via miR-1258/RHOV axis
- miR-455-5p enhances 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells by targeting PIK3R1 and DEPDC1
- The effect of tranexamic acid on the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and thromboembolic risk in patients with hip fracture
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation in cholangiocarcinoma impairs tumor progression by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis
- Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
- A 16-gene signature associated with homologous recombination deficiency for prognosis prediction in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
- Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1/M2 microglia polarization
- MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model
- miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis
- Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2
- circRNF20 aggravates the malignancy of retinoblastoma depending on the regulation of miR-132-3p/PAX6 axis
- Linezolid for resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections in children under 12 years: A meta-analysis
- Rack1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines by NF-κB in diabetic nephropathy
- Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients
- Smog and risk of maternal and fetal birth outcomes: A retrospective study in Baoding, China
- Let-7i-3p inhibits the cell cycle, proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via downregulating CCND1
- β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis
- Possible impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on suicide behavior among patients in Southeast Serbia
- In vitro antimicrobial activity of ozonated oil in liposome eyedrop against multidrug-resistant bacteria
- Potential biomarkers for inflammatory response in acute lung injury
- A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia
- Antitumor activity of recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus with human IL2
- ALKBH5 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through Bcl-2 pathway
- Risk prediction of cardiovascular disease using machine learning classifiers
- Value of ultrasonography parameters in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome
- Bioinformatics analysis reveals three key genes and four survival genes associated with youth-onset NSCLC
- Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
- Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
- Overexpression of miR-100-5p inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression via targeting FZD8
- Bioinformatics-based analysis of SUMOylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a role of upregulated SAE1 in promoting cell proliferation
- Effectiveness and clinical benefits of new anti-diabetic drugs: A real life experience
- Identification of osteoporosis based on gene biomarkers using support vector machine
- Tanshinone IIA reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through microRNA-30b-5p/AVEN axis
- miR-212-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting METTL3
- Association of ST-T changes with all-cause mortality among patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas
- LINC00665/miRNAs axis-mediated collagen type XI alpha 1 correlates with immune infiltration and malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
- The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
- Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study
- Does the use of 3D-printed cones give a chance to postpone the use of megaprostheses in patients with large bone defects in the knee joint?
- lncRNA HAGLR modulates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice through regulating miR-133a-3p/MAPK1 axis
- Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I/R injury in rats
- In vivo knee kinematics of an innovative prosthesis design
- Relationship between the height of fibular head and the incidence and severity of knee osteoarthritis
- lncRNA WT1-AS attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury during cerebral ischemic stroke via miR-186-5p/XIAP axis
- Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
- LncRNA LINC01857 reduces metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells via regulating miR-2052/CENPQ axis
- Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoted by transcription factor SPI1 acts as an oncogene to modulate the malignant phenotype of endometrial cancer
- SELENBP1 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- Visfatin is negatively associated with coronary artery lesions in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
- Treatment and outcomes of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction during the Covid-19 era: A comparison with the pre-Covid-19 period. A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
- Oncogenic role of TWF2 in human tumors: A pan-cancer analysis
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin predicts the length of hospital stay independent of severity classification in patients with acute pancreatitis
- Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
- TGF-β1 upregulates Sar1a expression and induces procollagen-I secretion in hypertrophic scarring fibroblasts
- Antisense lncRNA PCNA-AS1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the miR-2467-3p/PCNA axis
- NK-cell dysfunction of acute myeloid leukemia in relation to the renin–angiotensin system and neurotransmitter genes
- The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
- miR-146-5p restrains calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing TRAF6
- Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
- lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2
- Noninvasive diagnosis of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome based on prediction models
- lncRNA FAM230B is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and suppresses the maturation of miR-1182 to increase cell proliferation
- circ-LIMK1 regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p/HMGA1 axis
- LncRNA SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating miR-151a-3p/PFN2 axis
- Risk perception and affective state on work exhaustion in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic
- lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma
- SNRPB promotes cell cycle progression in thyroid carcinoma via inhibiting p53
- Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes
- Serpin family A member 1 is an oncogene in glioma and its translation is enhanced by NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 through RNA-binding activity
- Silencing of CPSF7 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block versus transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia in children with hip dislocation: A double-blind, randomized trial
- Relationship of plasma MBP and 8-oxo-dG with brain damage in preterm
- Identification of a novel necroptosis-associated miRNA signature for predicting the prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
- The expression of ASAP3 and NOTCH3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of adult glioma patients
- Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
- HOXA10 enhances cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in esophageal cancer via activating p38/ERK signaling pathway
- Meta-analysis of early-life antibiotic use and allergic rhinitis
- Marital status and its correlation with age, race, and gender in prognosis of tonsil squamous cell carcinomas
- HPV16 E6E7 up-regulates KIF2A expression by activating JNK/c-Jun signal, is beneficial to migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells
- Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer
- Pain in critically ill COVID-19 patients: An Italian retrospective study
- Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
- Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
- Long non-coding RNAs LINC00689 inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-3127-5p/ATG7 axis-mediated autophagy
- The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality
- Monitoring hypertensive disorders in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia in pregnant women of advanced maternal age: Trial mimicking with retrospective data
- SETD1A promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
- The role of Shunaoxin pills in the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and its main pharmacodynamic components
- TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
- Associations between morphokinetic parameters of temporary-arrest embryos and the clinical prognosis in FET cycles
- Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis
- The incidence of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis shows integrin alpha 3 is a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
- Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway
- Comparison of hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A (H7N9 and H1N1): A retrospective study from a designated hospital
- lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by upregulating AAK1
- Pathological characteristics of liver injury induced by N,N-dimethylformamide: From humans to animal models
- lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 enhances the progression of colon cancer by targeting miR-4270 to upregulate AURKB
- DARS-AS1 modulates cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-330-3p/NAT10 axis
- Dezocine inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CRABP2 in ovarian cancer
- MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
- Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by changing ileum FXR-CYP7A1
- circRNA DENND1B inhibits tumorigenicity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via miR-122-5p/TIMP2 axis
- EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways
- Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block
- miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition
- Review Articles
- Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper
- Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
- The rationale for using low-molecular weight heparin in the therapy of symptomatic COVID-19 patients
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
- Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts
- Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis
- Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals
- Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: A systematic review
- Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function
- Case Reports
- Intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade plus cervical cerclage for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in late pregnancy complicated with acute aortic dissection: Case series
- A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
- Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report
- Atypical symptoms of malignant hyperthermia: A rare causative mutation in the RYR1 gene
- A case report of dermatomyositis with the missed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and concurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis
- A rare case of endometrial polyp complicated with uterine inversion: A case report and clinical management
- Spontaneous rupturing of splenic artery aneurysm: Another reason for fatal syncope and shock (Case report and literature review)
- Fungal infection mimicking COVID-19 infection – A case report
- Concurrent aspergillosis and cystic pulmonary metastases in a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
- Paraganglioma-induced inverted takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Lineage switch from lymphoma to myeloid neoplasms: First case series from a single institution
- Trismus during tracheal extubation as a complication of general anaesthesia – A case report
- Simultaneous treatment of a pubovesical fistula and lymph node metastasis secondary to multimodal treatment for prostate cancer: Case report and review of the literature
- Two case reports of skin vasculitis following the COVID-19 immunization
- Ureteroiliac fistula after oncological surgery: Case report and review of the literature
- Synchronous triple primary malignant tumours in the bladder, prostate, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases: A case report
- Huge mucinous cystic neoplasms with adhesion to the left colon: A case report and literature review
- Commentary
- Commentary on “Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma”
- Rapid Communication
- COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Tollip promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT pathway”
- Erratum to “Effect of femoral head necrosis cystic area on femoral head collapse and stress distribution in femoral head: A clinical and finite element study”
- Erratum to “lncRNA NORAD promotes lung cancer progression by competitively binding to miR-28-3p with E2F2”
- Retraction
- Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
- Retraction to “miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development”
- Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part II
- Usefulness of close surveillance for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
