Startseite Influence of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum crystals
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Influence of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum crystals

  • Gang Li EMAIL logo , Haiping Xiao , Luntao Liang , Xiangyu He und Nana Qi
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 10. August 2023
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Open Physics
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Physics Band 21 Heft 1

Abstract

The effect of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum was evaluated under conditions of a simulated production process of gypsum desulfurization. We used a laser particle size analyzer and a microscope to determine the particle size and morphology. The growth rate of gypsum was determined by the equation for the rate of chemical reaction of CaSO4·2H2O. The results showed that the growth rate at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4 increased by 50% with 30 mg/L of a dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. The gypsum morphology changed from needle-like in the absence of additives to tabular in the presence of cationic surfactants, indicating that relatively thicker and larger crystals were formed. Finally, the investigated cationic surfactants were beneficial to the normal operation of the desulfurization process.

Keywords: crystal growth; gypsum; cationic surfactants

1 Introduction

To save water, thermal power plants have begun to implement zero-discharge measures for the entire plant. The reason for the implementation of zero-discharge of wastewater in entire plants is the large amount of water rich in chlorine and salt in coal-fired power plants, which enters the desulfurization system, bringing in impurities and affecting the crystallization characteristics of desulfurized gypsum [1,2,3]. Current gypsum desulfurization in coal-fired power plants faces problems of stickiness on the surface of gypsum and “thinning” of gypsum dehydration, which affects the safe operation of the desulfurization system and also has a negative impact on the resource utilization of desulfurization gypsum.

Cationic surfactants are frequently used to kill bacteria in the circulating water systems of thermal power plants. The concentration of cationic surfactants in the wastewater from circulating cooling water increases in the desulfurization system over time because of the zero-discharge of wastewater in the entire plant.

Crystal growth of CaSO4·2H2O have been extensively studied using pure calcium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions to simulate the gypsum crystallization process [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Surfactants are expected to influence the growth rate of gypsum crystals, which directly impacts the dewatering properties of gypsum [4]. The presence of surfactants reduces the hydration of calcium ions, and larger crystals with a low surface area can be produced in the presence of surfactants [5]. A small amount of soluble impurities (from the used surfactant) altered the growth rate and crystal habits of the formed crystals. El-Shall et al. [11] reported that a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) increased the growth efficiency. The growth rate and particle size of gypsum were increased by cetylpyridinium chloride addition [5]. The flue gas desulfurization gypsum crystallization process may be affected by the presence of cationic surfactants.

At present, there are several studies only on the effect of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum under wet desulfurization conditions. In this study, by using calcium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions to simulate gypsum growth experiments, we studied the growth of gypsum in a synthetic saline NaCl solution with and without dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (DDBAC) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI). The growth rate of gypsum was calculated by first-order reaction kinetics [12]. It provided guidance for the safe and stable operation of a desulfurization system under the conditions of zero-discharge of wastewater in the entire plant.

2 Experiment

2.1 Materials

Calcium chloride and sodium sulfate produced by Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Company in China were used to prepare different calcium sulfate supersaturated solutions. Two cationic surfactants were used – DDBAC and CMI (Beijing, China).

2.2 Procedure

2.2.1 Reaction and crystallization

500 mL of deionized water was heated to 50°C in a 1,000 mL LOIKAWa three-neck bottle using a temperature-controlled water bath. Two 250 mL solutions of CaCl2 and Na2SO4 in equimolar concentrations and the desired amounts of cationic surfactant solution were added gradually to the heated deionized water. The reaction was maintained at 50°C with constant agitation at 150 rpm at pH 5. These conditions simulate the process of desulfurized gypsum produced by wet desulfurization in thermal power plants.

2.2.2 Conductivity measurements

The conductivity of the resulting solution was measured at different time intervals during the reaction using a MIK-EC8.0 conductivity meter. Each experiment was repeated three times, and the average results were presented.

2.2.3 Crystal size distribution

At the end of the experiment, the formed gypsum was separated to analyze the crystal size distribution. About 5 mL of the reaction mixture was dispersed in about 50 mL of ethanol, and the size distribution was determined using a laser particle size analyzer (WinnerZD2000, China).

2.2.4 Gypsum morphology

The filtered gypsum was first washed with saturated solution and then with ethanol for microscopic examination. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) (REGULUS8100, Hitachi, Japan) was used for the investigation of crystal morphology.

2.3 Growth rate calculation

Crystals can be analyzed as a set of clusters with strong bonds formed in the early stages of molecular association. The crystal structure in these cases can be represented as a series of kinetically controlled events.

Based on the chemical reaction kinetics, the growth rate of gypsum can be expressed by the first-order reaction rate equation as follows:

− d c d t = k c .

Integration of the above formula gives

c = c 0 e − K 1 t ln c = ln c 0 − K 1 t ,

where c 0 (mol/L) is the initial ion concentration in the solution, t is the reaction time (min), c (mol/L) is the ion concentration in the solution after time t, and K 1 (min−1) is the reaction rate constant of crystal growth.

3 Results and discussion

The formation of crystals can be briefly summarized in four parts. First, a supersaturated solution is produced. Second, clusters are formed by intermolecular interactions, and then crystal nuclei are produced from the formed clusters. Finally, the crystal nucleus further grows into a crystal. The formation process of gypsum can be represented by the following reactions:

Ca2+ + SO4 2− → CaSO4 supersaturated solution

CaSO4 supersaturated solution + H2O → CaSO4·2H2O clusters

CaSO4·2H2O clusters → CaSO4·2H2O crystal nucleus

CaSO4·2H2O crystal nucleus → CaSO4·2H2O crystal

Two common concentrations of cationic surfactants were 30 and 50 mg/L in the desulfurization system of thermal power plants. The growth of gypsum was studied with and without cationic surfactants in 30 or 50 mg/L concentrations. Two cationic surfactants, DDBAC and CMI, were used, and the effect of these additives on gypsum growth was evaluated.

3.1 Effect of cationic surfactants on the crystal size of gypsum

The particle size of the samples obtained in the experiment was measured using a laser particle size analyzer. The results of the gypsum particle size at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4 with and without cationic surfactants are given in Table 1, showing that the presence of surfactants yields a higher particle size. D 50 represents the size of 50% of the particles from the cumulative distribution. It means that the particles with a larger particle size account for 50%, and the smaller particles also account for 50% of the total number of particles. D 50 is also known as the median diameter or the median particle size. Therefore, D 50 is usually used to express particle size.

Table 1

Particle size of gypsum at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4 with and without cationic surfactants

Condition D 10 (μm) D 50 (μm) D 90 (μm) D av (μm) D[3,2] (μm) D[4,3] (μm)
Baseline 8.683 27.402 61.688 31.406 16.820 31.406
DDBAC 30 mg/L 8.474 30.662 70.574 35.646 16.891 35.046
DDBAC 50 mg/L 8.093 29.657 75.422 35.523 16.554 35.523
CMI 30 mg/L 8.741 28.494 60.461 31.684 17.332 31.684
CMI 50 mg/L 8.512 27.564 60.012 30.845 17.245 30.869

The D 50 value increases by about 12% with the addition of 30 mg/L of DDBAC compared with the reference experiment at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4. However, the effect of increased particle size of gypsum diminishes with further increasing concentration of cationic surfactants. The D 50 of gypsum increases with the addition of 30 mg/L of DDBAC by about 3.3% compared with the 50 mg/L at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4. The particle size of gypsum is higher in the presence of DDBAC compared to CMI.

The larger size of gypsum particles may indicate that the growth of the formed gypsum crystals is promoted compared to the reference, i.e., the cationic surfactants promote the growth of gypsum.

3.2 Effect of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum

To further analyze the beneficial effect of the cationic surfactants on gypsum growth, the growth rate of gypsum under different working conditions was calculated.

The solution exhibits a linear relationship between the reaction time and the logarithm of the ion concentration (ln(c)), taking the supersaturation ratio of 2.4 as an example. The relationship between the reaction time and ln(c) at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4 with and without cationic surfactants is given in Figure 1 (similar to other supersaturation ratios). The fitting equations of the gypsum growth rate at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4 are given in Table 2. The R 2 of the fitting equations are all greater than 0.98, meaning that the fitting results are all very good. The equation can explain the change in experimental data very well, and the K1 calculated by the equation has high credibility.

Figure 1 Relationship between time and ln(c) with and without cationic surfactants at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4.
Figure 1

Relationship between time and ln(c) with and without cationic surfactants at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4.

Table 2

Fitting equations of the growth rate of gypsum at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4

Condition Equation R 2
Baseline y = −0.0022x + 1.967 0.9845
DDBAC 30 mg/L y = −0.0033x + 1.9699 0.9847
DDBAC 50 mg/L y = −0.0031x + 1.9786 0.984
CMI 30 mg/L y = −0.003x + 1.9722 0.98
CMI 50 mg/L y = −0.0023x + 1.9511 0.9834

The calculated gypsum growth rates at all investigated supersaturation ratios are given in Figure 2. These results reveal that the growth rate of gypsum increases with the addition of cationic surfactants. However, the effect of increased growth rate of gypsum diminishes with further increasing the concentration of cationic surfactants. With the addition of 30 mg/L of DDBAC, the growth rate of gypsum increases by about 50% compared with the reference experiment without surfactant at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4, and the growth rate of gypsum is higher in the presence of DDBAC compared to CMI. The presence of surfactants reduces the hydration status of calcium ions. Since the dehydration kinetics determines the gypsum crystal growth rate [5]. In addition, the adsorption of cationic surfactants on gypsum crystals leads to the decrease in crystal surface energy, which reduces the energy threshold for growth and promotes the crystallization of gypsum crystals. This can be seen in Table 1 and Figure 2. The growth rate of gypsum increases with its particle size. The higher the growth rate of gypsum is, the easier it is to grow into large crystals, which is beneficial to the dehydration of gypsum.

Figure 2 The results of calculation of the growth rate of gypsum at the studied supersaturation ratios with and without cationic surfactants.
Figure 2

The results of calculation of the growth rate of gypsum at the studied supersaturation ratios with and without cationic surfactants.

3.3 Effect of cationic surfactants on the gypsum morphology

One of the most important factors affecting gypsum dehydration is the morphology of gypsum crystals (size and shape of crystals); large crystals are desirable for optimal dehydration. The morphology of gypsum crystals in the absence of additives is given in Figure 3, indicating that the crystals exhibit a needle-like shape. The results of the gypsum morphology in the presence of DDBAC at concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3 are given in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. The majority of these crystals are tabular crystals. The morphology of gypsum crystals in the presence of CMI at concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3 are given in Figures 6 and 7, respectively. The majority of these crystals are also tabular crystals, which means that relatively thicker and larger crystals are formed. Plate-shaped crystals are more prone to dehydration than needle-shaped ones. The cationic surfactants facilitate the dehydration of gypsum. Twin crystals are observed in Figures 4 and 5. The reason is that the additives in the solution lead to the formation of heterogeneous nuclei, which further grow into twin crystals [13,14,15,16,17,18]. On some of the SEM pictures, it can be seen that the crystals are broken, probably due to the relatively high agitation speed which causes more often collision of the forming particles with each other and the stirring rod. Twins and broken crystals are not conducive to gypsum dehydration. The formation of gypsum twins was inhibited by controlling solution concentration, reaction temperature, and adding nucleating agent. Adjust the stirring speed to avoid excessive stirring speed leading to a large number of fine broken crystals, affecting gypsum dehydration.

Figure 3 The morphology of gypsum without cationic surfactants at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.
Figure 3

The morphology of gypsum without cationic surfactants at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.

Figure 4 The morphology of gypsum with 30 mg/L DDBAC at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.
Figure 4

The morphology of gypsum with 30 mg/L DDBAC at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.

Figure 5 The morphology of gypsum with 50 mg/L DDBAC at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.
Figure 5

The morphology of gypsum with 50 mg/L DDBAC at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.

Figure 6 The morphology of gypsum with 30 mg/L CMI at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.
Figure 6

The morphology of gypsum with 30 mg/L CMI at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.

Figure 7 The morphology of gypsum with 50 mg/L CMI at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.
Figure 7

The morphology of gypsum with 50 mg/L CMI at a supersaturation ratio of 2.3.

The average length-to-width ratio (L/W) of 50 crystals is 13.48:1 without additives, 6.21:1 with 30 mg/L DDBAC, 6.74:1 with 50 mg/L DDBAC, 7.12:1 with 30 mg/L CMI, and 7.81:1 with 50 mg/L CMI. The smaller L/W with DDBAC and CMI indicates the formation of thicker and larger crystals, which are favorable for gypsum dehydration.

Under the condition of desulfurization in coal-fired power plants, DDBAC and CMI can promote the growth of gypsum, transform the shape of gypsum into plate crystal, and reduce the ratio of length to diameter of gypsum crystal, which is beneficial to gypsum dehydration. DDBAC and CMI are conducive to the normal operation of the desulfurization and dehydration device, and they ensure the normal operation of the desulfurization process.

4 Conclusion

The effect of DDBAC and CMI on the calcium sulfate dihydrate growth under simulated conditions of desulfurization gypsum production was studied. Conductivity measurements were utilized to measure the growth rate, and the effects of DDBAC and CMI on the gypsum growth were further analyzed. The obtained results indicated several important findings:

The growth rate of gypsum increases in the presence of cationic surfactants. The growth rate is increased with the addition of 30 mg/L DDBAC by about 42.8% compared with the reference experiment at a supersaturation ratio of 2.4. The growth of gypsum is facilitated in the presence of DDBAC and CMI. The DDBAC exhibits a stronger effect than CMI on the gypsum growth. The effect of DDBAC and CMI on promoting gypsum growth decreases with further increase in the concentration of cationic surfactants.

Gypsum transforms from needle-like crystals to tabular crystals under the action of cationic surfactants. The average length-to-width ratio (L/W) decreases with the addition of DDBAC and CMI compared with the reference experiment without additives, which means that relatively thicker and larger crystals are formed.

Finally, DDBAC and CMI can promote the growth of gypsum, transform the morphology of gypsum into tabular crystal, and reduce the aspect ratio of gypsum crystal, which is beneficial to gypsum dehydration. The investigated cationic surfactants are beneficial to the normal operation of desulfurization systems in coal-fired power plants.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51706070).

  2. Author contributions: All the authors have taken responsibility for the complete content of this manuscript and have approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2023-04-05
Revised: 2023-05-14
Accepted: 2023-05-29
Published Online: 2023-08-10

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  95. Investigation of different structures of screw extruders on the flow in direct ink writing SiC slurry based on LBM
  96. Harmonic current suppression method of virtual DC motor based on fuzzy sliding mode
  97. Micropolar flow and heat transfer within a permeable channel using the successive linearization method
  98. Different lump k-soliton solutions to (2+1)-dimensional KdV system using Hirota binary Bell polynomials
  99. Investigation of nanomaterials in flow of non-Newtonian liquid toward a stretchable surface
  100. Weak beat frequency extraction method for photon Doppler signal with low signal-to-noise ratio
  101. Electrokinetic energy conversion of nanofluids in porous microtubes with Green’s function
  102. Examining the role of activation energy and convective boundary conditions in nanofluid behavior of Couette-Poiseuille flow
  103. Review Article
  104. Effects of stretching on phase transformation of PVDF and its copolymers: A review
  105. Special Issue on Transport phenomena and thermal analysis in micro/nano-scale structure surfaces - Part IV
  106. Prediction and monitoring model for farmland environmental system using soil sensor and neural network algorithm
  107. Special Issue on Advanced Topics on the Modelling and Assessment of Complicated Physical Phenomena - Part III
  108. Some standard and nonstandard finite difference schemes for a reaction–diffusion–chemotaxis model
  109. Special Issue on Advanced Energy Materials - Part II
  110. Rapid productivity prediction method for frac hits affected wells based on gas reservoir numerical simulation and probability method
  111. Special Issue on Novel Numerical and Analytical Techniques for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Type - Part III
  112. Adomian decomposition method for solution of fourteenth order boundary value problems
  113. New soliton solutions of modified (3+1)-D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and (2+1)-D cubic Klein–Gordon equations using first integral method
  114. On traveling wave solutions to Manakov model with variable coefficients
  115. Rational approximation for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations by new algorithm
  116. Special Issue on Predicting pattern alterations in nature - Part I
  117. Modeling the monkeypox infection using the Mittag–Leffler kernel
  118. Spectral analysis of variable-order multi-terms fractional differential equations
  119. Special Issue on Nanomaterial utilization and structural optimization - Part I
  120. Heat treatment and tensile test of 3D-printed parts manufactured at different build orientations
https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0257
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crystal growth; gypsum; cationic surfactants
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Dynamic properties of the attachment oscillator arising in the nanophysics
  3. Parametric simulation of stagnation point flow of motile microorganism hybrid nanofluid across a circular cylinder with sinusoidal radius
  4. Fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations by Ritz approximation approach
  5. Behaviour and onset of low-dimensional chaos with a periodically varying loss in single-mode homogeneously broadened laser
  6. Ammonia gas-sensing behavior of uniform nanostructured PPy film prepared by simple-straightforward in situ chemical vapor oxidation
  7. Analysis of the working mechanism and detection sensitivity of a flash detector
  8. Flat and bent branes with inner structure in two-field mimetic gravity
  9. Heat transfer analysis of the MHD stagnation-point flow of third-grade fluid over a porous sheet with thermal radiation effect: An algorithmic approach
  10. Weighted survival functional entropy and its properties
  11. Bioconvection effect in the Carreau nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux using stagnation point flow in the entropy generation: Micromachines level study
  12. Study on the impulse mechanism of optical films formed by laser plasma shock waves
  13. Analysis of sweeping jet and film composite cooling using the decoupled model
  14. Research on the influence of trapezoidal magnetization of bonded magnetic ring on cogging torque
  15. Tripartite entanglement and entanglement transfer in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system
  16. Compounded Bell-G class of statistical models with applications to COVID-19 and actuarial data
  17. Degradation of Vibrio cholerae from drinking water by the underwater capillary discharge
  18. Multiple Lie symmetry solutions for effects of viscous on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer in non-Newtonian thin film
  19. Thermal characterization of heat source (sink) on hybridized (Cu–Ag/EG) nanofluid flow via solid stretchable sheet
  20. Optimizing condition monitoring of ball bearings: An integrated approach using decision tree and extreme learning machine for effective decision-making
  21. Study on the inter-porosity transfer rate and producing degree of matrix in fractured-porous gas reservoirs
  22. Interstellar radiation as a Maxwell field: Improved numerical scheme and application to the spectral energy density
  23. Numerical study of hybridized Williamson nanofluid flow with TC4 and Nichrome over an extending surface
  24. Controlling the physical field using the shape function technique
  25. Significance of heat and mass transport in peristaltic flow of Jeffrey material subject to chemical reaction and radiation phenomenon through a tapered channel
  26. Complex dynamics of a sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system
  27. Stability control in a helicoidal spin–orbit-coupled open Bose–Bose mixture
  28. Research on WPD and DBSCAN-L-ISOMAP for circuit fault feature extraction
  29. Simulation for formation process of atomic orbitals by the finite difference time domain method based on the eight-element Dirac equation
  30. A modified power-law model: Properties, estimation, and applications
  31. Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation of dynamic cumulative residual Tsallis entropy for moment exponential distribution under progressive censored type II
  32. Computational analysis and biomechanical study of Oldroyd-B fluid with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions through a vertical non-uniform channel
  33. Predictability of machine learning framework in cross-section data
  34. Chaotic characteristics and mixing performance of pseudoplastic fluids in a stirred tank
  35. Isomorphic shut form valuation for quantum field theory and biological population models
  36. Vibration sensitivity minimization of an ultra-stable optical reference cavity based on orthogonal experimental design
  37. Effect of dysprosium on the radiation-shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  38. Asymptotic formulations of anti-plane problems in pre-stressed compressible elastic laminates
  39. A study on soliton, lump solutions to a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Hirota--Satsuma--Ito equation
  40. Tangential electrostatic field at metal surfaces
  41. Bioconvective gyrotactic microorganisms in third-grade nanofluid flow over a Riga surface with stratification: An approach to entropy minimization
  42. Infrared spectroscopy for ageing assessment of insulating oils via dielectric loss factor and interfacial tension
  43. Influence of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum crystals
  44. Study on instability mechanism of KCl/PHPA drilling waste fluid
  45. Analytical solutions of the extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in nonlinear media
  46. A novel compact highly sensitive non-invasive microwave antenna sensor for blood glucose monitoring
  47. Inspection of Couette and pressure-driven Poiseuille entropy-optimized dissipated flow in a suction/injection horizontal channel: Analytical solutions
  48. Conserved vectors and solutions of the two-dimensional potential KP equation
  49. The reciprocal linear effect, a new optical effect of the Sagnac type
  50. Optimal interatomic potentials using modified method of least squares: Optimal form of interatomic potentials
  51. The soliton solutions for stochastic Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii Schiff equation in plasma physics/fluid mechanics
  52. Research on absolute ranging technology of resampling phase comparison method based on FMCW
  53. Analysis of Cu and Zn contents in aluminum alloys by femtosecond laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  54. Nonsequential double ionization channels control of CO2 molecules with counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser field by laser wavelength
  55. Fractional-order modeling: Analysis of foam drainage and Fisher's equations
  56. Thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer bio-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable disk with activation energy: Analysis of interfacial nanolayer thickness
  57. Investigation on topology-optimized compressor piston by metal additive manufacturing technique: Analytical and numeric computational modeling using finite element analysis in ANSYS
  58. Breast cancer segmentation using a hybrid AttendSeg architecture combined with a gravitational clustering optimization algorithm using mathematical modelling
  59. On the localized and periodic solutions to the time-fractional Klein-Gordan equations: Optimal additive function method and new iterative method
  60. 3D thin-film nanofluid flow with heat transfer on an inclined disc by using HWCM
  61. Numerical study of static pressure on the sonochemistry characteristics of the gas bubble under acoustic excitation
  62. Optimal auxiliary function method for analyzing nonlinear system of coupled Schrödinger–KdV equation with Caputo operator
  63. Analysis of magnetized micropolar fluid subjected to generalized heat-mass transfer theories
  64. Does the Mott problem extend to Geiger counters?
  65. Stability analysis, phase plane analysis, and isolated soliton solution to the LGH equation in mathematical physics
  66. Effects of Joule heating and reaction mechanisms on couple stress fluid flow with peristalsis in the presence of a porous material through an inclined channel
  67. Bayesian and E-Bayesian estimation based on constant-stress partially accelerated life testing for inverted Topp–Leone distribution
  68. Dynamical and physical characteristics of soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky system
  69. Study of fractional variable order COVID-19 environmental transformation model
  70. Sisko nanofluid flow through exponential stretching sheet with swimming of motile gyrotactic microorganisms: An application to nanoengineering
  71. Influence of the regularization scheme in the QCD phase diagram in the PNJL model
  72. Fixed-point theory and numerical analysis of an epidemic model with fractional calculus: Exploring dynamical behavior
  73. Computational analysis of reconstructing current and sag of three-phase overhead line based on the TMR sensor array
  74. Investigation of tripled sine-Gordon equation: Localized modes in multi-stacked long Josephson junctions
  75. High-sensitivity on-chip temperature sensor based on cascaded microring resonators
  76. Pathological study on uncertain numbers and proposed solutions for discrete fuzzy fractional order calculus
  77. Bifurcation, chaotic behavior, and traveling wave solution of stochastic coupled Konno–Oono equation with multiplicative noise in the Stratonovich sense
  78. Thermal radiation and heat generation on three-dimensional Casson fluid motion via porous stretching surface with variable thermal conductivity
  79. Numerical simulation and analysis of Airy's-type equation
  80. A homotopy perturbation method with Elzaki transformation for solving the fractional Biswas–Milovic model
  81. Heat transfer performance of magnetohydrodynamic multiphase nanofluid flow of Cu–Al2O3/H2O over a stretching cylinder
  82. ΛCDM and the principle of equivalence
  83. Axisymmetric stagnation-point flow of non-Newtonian nanomaterial and heat transport over a lubricated surface: Hybrid homotopy analysis method simulations
  84. HAM simulation for bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic flow of Walters-B fluid containing nanoparticles and microorganisms past a stretching sheet with velocity slip and convective conditions
  85. Coupled heat and mass transfer mathematical study for lubricated non-Newtonian nanomaterial conveying oblique stagnation point flow: A comparison of viscous and viscoelastic nanofluid model
  86. Power Topp–Leone exponential negative family of distributions with numerical illustrations to engineering and biological data
  87. Extracting solitary solutions of the nonlinear Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) equation by analytical method
  88. A case study on the environmental and economic impact of photovoltaic systems in wastewater treatment plants
  89. Application of IoT network for marine wildlife surveillance
  90. Non-similar modeling and numerical simulations of microploar hybrid nanofluid adjacent to isothermal sphere
  91. Joint optimization of two-dimensional warranty period and maintenance strategy considering availability and cost constraints
  92. Numerical investigation of the flow characteristics involving dissipation and slip effects in a convectively nanofluid within a porous medium
  93. Spectral uncertainty analysis of grassland and its camouflage materials based on land-based hyperspectral images
  94. Application of low-altitude wind shear recognition algorithm and laser wind radar in aviation meteorological services
  95. Investigation of different structures of screw extruders on the flow in direct ink writing SiC slurry based on LBM
  96. Harmonic current suppression method of virtual DC motor based on fuzzy sliding mode
  97. Micropolar flow and heat transfer within a permeable channel using the successive linearization method
  98. Different lump k-soliton solutions to (2+1)-dimensional KdV system using Hirota binary Bell polynomials
  99. Investigation of nanomaterials in flow of non-Newtonian liquid toward a stretchable surface
  100. Weak beat frequency extraction method for photon Doppler signal with low signal-to-noise ratio
  101. Electrokinetic energy conversion of nanofluids in porous microtubes with Green’s function
  102. Examining the role of activation energy and convective boundary conditions in nanofluid behavior of Couette-Poiseuille flow
  103. Review Article
  104. Effects of stretching on phase transformation of PVDF and its copolymers: A review
  105. Special Issue on Transport phenomena and thermal analysis in micro/nano-scale structure surfaces - Part IV
  106. Prediction and monitoring model for farmland environmental system using soil sensor and neural network algorithm
  107. Special Issue on Advanced Topics on the Modelling and Assessment of Complicated Physical Phenomena - Part III
  108. Some standard and nonstandard finite difference schemes for a reaction–diffusion–chemotaxis model
  109. Special Issue on Advanced Energy Materials - Part II
  110. Rapid productivity prediction method for frac hits affected wells based on gas reservoir numerical simulation and probability method
  111. Special Issue on Novel Numerical and Analytical Techniques for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Type - Part III
  112. Adomian decomposition method for solution of fourteenth order boundary value problems
  113. New soliton solutions of modified (3+1)-D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and (2+1)-D cubic Klein–Gordon equations using first integral method
  114. On traveling wave solutions to Manakov model with variable coefficients
  115. Rational approximation for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations by new algorithm
  116. Special Issue on Predicting pattern alterations in nature - Part I
  117. Modeling the monkeypox infection using the Mittag–Leffler kernel
  118. Spectral analysis of variable-order multi-terms fractional differential equations
  119. Special Issue on Nanomaterial utilization and structural optimization - Part I
  120. Heat treatment and tensile test of 3D-printed parts manufactured at different build orientations
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Heruntergeladen am 8.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2022-0257/html
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