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Effect of dysprosium on the radiation-shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses

  • Aljawhara H. Almuqrin and Mohammad I. Abualsayed EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 29, 2023
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Open Physics
From the journal Open Physics Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

In a variety of applications using ionizing radiation, it is essential to ensure the safety of both individuals and equipment. To this end, excellent radiation shielding materials, including glasses and rare earth elements, such as Dy2O3, are currently being researched. The goal of this study is to explore the effect of Dy2O3 on the radiation-shielding properties of the SiO2–PbO–B2O3–Dy2O3 glass system; for clarity, it is abbreviated as Dy-X. Dy2O3 is a good choice for use as a modifier in radiation shielding glasses since it has high density. Additionally, Dy2O3 has good thermal stability and can be added to glass matrices without substantially affecting their physical features. The influence of increasing the amount of Dy2O3 present in the glasses from 0 to 5 mol% on the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and effective atomic number (Z eff) was studied using glasses with five distinct compositions and densities. In order to achieve this, the Phy-X program was utilized. The results demonstrate that Dy5 (with a composition of 55B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–5Dy2O3) has the highest LAC value of the prepared glasses, while Dy0 has the lowest. We investigated the influence of Dy2O3 on Z eff at 0.284 MeV. The results show that the Z eff values increase with increasing Dy2O3 content. The Z eff values were found to be 27.35, 27.94, 28.52, 29.09, 29.65, and 30.20 for Dy0, Dy1, Dy2, Dy3, Dy4, and Dy5, respectively. From the Z eff results, we observed that increasing the Dy2O3 content in the samples leads to an improvement in the shielding ability of the glass system. We compared the LAC of the Dy-X glasses with six glass systems at 0.662 MeV. All Dy0–Dy3 glasses have lower LAC values than all the TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses, but Dy4 has an LAC value greater than those of three of these glasses.

Keywords: effective atomic number; photons; nuclear technology; Dy2O3

1 Introduction

Radiation has applications in different fields, including scientific research, applications in industry, the medical field, aerospace, agriculture, and other fields. Despite its benefits, radiation causes serious health dangers and thus it is crucial to understand its characteristics and suitable handling procedures [1]. The search for one-of-a-kind, non-traditional materials is one of the most critical concerns in nuclear-shielding technologies, particularly in light of the growing number of radioisotope sources, nuclear energy generators, and other devices that emit radiation. Because of their amazing advantages, such as low cost, simple installation, strong mechanical attributes, and the capacity to limit, the risks posed by gamma photons, lead and special forms of concrete are the principal materials that are used for shielding purposes. Since many present technological uses make greater utilization of radioactive isotopes and equipment that generate ionizing radiation, it is crucial to expand the research and advancement of radiation-protective composites [2,3]. In building the window for radiology facilities and glasses to protect the face and eyes from radiation, it is particularly vital to choose products that are transparent to visible light.

Glass is among the most important materials for use in radiological protection purposes because of its ability to be shaped into specimens of varied thicknesses in a number of shapes and due to the ease with which glass can be produced using a variety of methods [4,5,6,7,8]. As a shield, many glass systems were investigated, and it was revealed that glasses with high density had a lower mean free path than certain other commercialized glasses and concretes [9,10]. For the design of radiation shielding materials, especially those with high energy levels, it is essential to select the composition of the glasses that are most suited. In the past few years, a significant number of investigators have proved that glasses containing heavy metal oxides or rare-earth element oxides may be employed as radiation shielding materials due to the increased effective atomic number [11,12,13,14]. Borate glass that has been treated with bismuth oxide possesses exceptional dielectric properties, in addition to high densities and refractive indices. Compared to other modifiers, rare-earth oxide modifiers show a substantial improvement. The optical, electrical, and thermal stability of glass is increased by rare-earth oxide modifiers. The rare-earth oxide modifiers attracted a lot of attention due to their potential use in many applications [15,16]. It is anticipated that glasses that contain both heavy metal oxide and rare earth elements would prove to be efficient photon-reducing glasses. In addition, glass that contains such compositions becomes less hazardous than lead in its pure form, which motivates investigators and other individuals interested in the subject to utilize this type of glass, which is non-toxic and favorable to the environment, in commercial and medical fields [17,18]. Therefore, conventional shielding materials may be substituted by advanced materials that are not only superior in terms of their optical and chemical qualities but also provide greater efficiencies and reduced risks to the surrounding environment.

Determining a number of physical parameters like the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and effective atomic number (Z eff) is one method for precisely assessing the radiation-protective characteristics of new kinds of glass that are being developed as shields [19,20]. In the research of radiation shielding materials, the LAC and Z eff values are significant because they are connected to the material’s capacity to absorb or attenuate ionizing radiation. The LAC represents the probability of a photon interaction with a given material per unit path length, while the Z eff is an essential variable, especially for materials consisting of many elements. Z eff takes into consideration the distinct atomic numbers and relative abundances of every element in the material, as opposed to individual atomic numbers, which reveal the total number of protons in an atom. It is worth mentioning that materials with higher LAC and Z eff are more effective in shielding the incoming photons, as they are better capable of absorbing the photons.

These parameters can either be approximated on a theoretical level or tested in practice in research facilities. In many cases, it is not possible to conduct experimental research because there are insufficient resources available, including the lack of radioactive sources. In addition, the execution of practical testing is hampered by a number of impediments, including the impending closure of educational establishments and research facilities in the year 2020 as a consequence of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic.

In every instance described above, the theoretical component becomes crucial when it comes to determining the physical values associated with the investigation of the radioactive material characteristics of various materials [21,22]. Accordingly, the theoretical approach is a good choice in evaluating the radiation shielding characteristics of glassy materials. So, a theoretical method is adopted in this work to determine the radiation shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses with different concentrations of Dy2O3. Because of its well-established characteristics as a radiation-shielding material and its compatibility with an extensive range of alteration techniques, the utilization of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glass as a base material for modification is motivated by the fact that it already possesses this reputation. Moreover, this glass system is a desirable option for use in a range of radiation shielding applications due to its low cost and commercial availability.

2 Materials and methods

In order to find the appropriate glass that can provide practical and safe protection from radiation exposure, it is required to report the radiation shielding parameters for a number of different glasses [23,24,25]. The Phy-X/PSD program [26] was used in our research to perform theoretical analysis on the gamma-ray attenuation properties of B2O3–PbO–SiO2–Dy2O3 glass systems.

There are three steps that are necessary for the calculation using the Phy-X/PSD program and are listed as follows:

2.1 Definition of materials

The first step is to accurately define the composition of the material to be used in calculations. In the software, the material composition can be entered in two different ways such as mole fraction and weight fraction. Additionally, the density (g/cm3) of the materials must be given in this step.

2.2 Selection of energies

Two energy regions have been predefined in the software: 15 keV to 15 MeV and 1 keV to 100 GeV. Also, some well-known radioactive sources (22Na, 55Fe, 60Co, 109Cd, 131I, 133Ba, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am) along with their energies are available in the software and can be selected by the user.

2.3 Selection of parameters to be calculated

Users can choose which parameter(s) they want to calculate depending on their studies. The users are free to choose both the energies and the number of parameters to be calculated.

After completing these three steps successfully, users can save the calculation results in a well-designed MS Excel file.

For simplification, we will refer to the glass samples as Dy-X. The effect the change in the percentage of Dy2O3 from 0 to 5 mol% had on the efficiency with which these systems attenuated radiation was investigated. Gaafar et al. [27] had earlier manufactured these glasses. They provided a detailed explanation of the glass manufacturing process, as well as the acoustic and physical properties of the glasses. The following are the codes for the selected samples:

Dy0: 55B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2, density = 3.722 g/cm3

Dy1: 54B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–1Dy2O3, density = 3.862 g/cm3

Dy2: 53B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–2Dy2O3, density = 3.943 g/cm3

Dy3: 52B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–3Dy2O3, density = 4.021 g/cm3

Dy4: 51B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–4Dy2O3, density = 4.099 g/cm3

Dy5: 50B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–5Dy2O3, density = 4.184 g/cm3.

The Phy-X program was used to calculate the LAC values of the samples described above. We investigated the effect the change in the amount of Dy2O3 from 0 to 5 mol% had on the LAC values of the glasses that were under investigation. Moreover, we determined the effective atomic number (Z eff) by using the LAC values that we had obtained. Because of these two parameters, we are able to determine whether or not there has been an increase in the samples’ capacity to shield radiation as a result of a change in the composition of the samples. More details about the radiation shielding parameters are available elsewhere [28,29,30].

3 Results and discussion

The LAC values of the Dy-X glasses were calculated at various gamma energies, and the results are plotted in Figure 1. The energy range utilized in this study was selected because Cs-137 and Co-60, the two radioactive materials frequently used in commercial and medicinal applications, release energies in this range. The results demonstrate that Dy5 has the highest LAC value of the prepared glasses, while Dy0 has the lowest. More specifically, Dy5 has LAC values of 1.168 cm−1 at 0.284 MeV, 0.833 cm−1 at 0.347 MeV, 0.500 cm−1 at 0.511 MeV, and 0.386 cm−1 at 0.662 MeV, while Dy0 has values of 1.030, 0.737, 0.446, and 0.345 cm−1, at the same respective energies. These results show that Dy5, the prepared sample with the greatest amount of Dy2O3, also has the highest LAC values at all tested energies. The replacement of B2O3 with Dy2O3 causes an increase in the LAC since the Dy has a higher atomic number and higher density than B. The aforementioned values also show that the LAC values of the glasses decrease with increasing energy, which the maximum values at 0.284 MeV, the lowest tested energy, and the minimum at 0.662 MeV, the highest tested energy. The other four glasses follow the same trends as well.

Figure 1 The LAC values of the Dy-X glasses.
Figure 1

The LAC values of the Dy-X glasses.

A reduction in LAC values can be because higher energy gamma radiation is more probable to move via the glass without interacting and are less likely to be absorbed by it.

The effective atomic number, Z eff, of the six tested glass samples at 0.284 MeV is shown in Figure 2. The figure shows that the Z eff values increase with increasing heavy metal oxide content. Moreover, they were found to be 27.35, 27.94, 28.52, 29.09, 29.65, and 30.20 for Dy0, Dy1, Dy2, Dy3, Dy4, and Dy5, respectively. This trend is expected as Dy with an atomic number of 66, replacing B with an atomic number of 5. Thus, it can be concluded that increasing the Dy2O3 content in the samples leads to an improvement in the shielding ability of the glass system.

Figure 2 The effective atomic number of the Dy-X glasses at 0.284 MeV.
Figure 2

The effective atomic number of the Dy-X glasses at 0.284 MeV.

In Figures 3–8, the LAC values of the prepared glasses are compared with other glasses at 0.662 MeV to gain a better understanding of the shielding capabilities of the Dy-X glasses against other previously investigated glass samples. In Figure 3, the Dy-X glasses are compared with four Bi2O3–TiO2–V2O5–Na2O–TeO glasses [31] with varying Bi and Ti contents. Three of the glasses, with Bi2O3 contents of 14, 16, and 18, all have LAC values less than Dy0. More specifically, they are equal to 0.227, 0.288, and 0.323 cm−1, respectively, while the LAC of Dy0 is equal to 0.345 cm−1. The glass with 20Bi2O3 has an LAC value slightly higher than Dy1 (<0.001 cm−1 of a difference), while Dy2, Dy3, Dy4, and Dy5 all have LAC values higher than all the prepared glasses. These results demonstrate an overall good shielding ability for the Dy samples compared to these previously tested glasses.

Figure 3 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with Bi2O3–TiO2–V2O5–Na2O–TeO2 glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 3

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with Bi2O3–TiO2–V2O5–Na2O–TeO2 glasses at 0.662 MeV.

Figure 4 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with Bi2O3–Na2O–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 4

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with Bi2O3–Na2O–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.

Figure 5 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with BaO–Li2O–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 5

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with BaO–Li2O–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.

Figure 6 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with SrO–PbO–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 6

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with SrO–PbO–B2O3 glasses at 0.662 MeV.

Figure 7 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 7

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses at 0.662 MeV.

Figure 8 Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with different glasses at 0.662 MeV.
Figure 8

Comparison between the LAC for the Dy-X glasses with different glasses at 0.662 MeV.

In Figure 4, the Dy-X glasses were compared against Bi2O3–Na2O–B2O3 glasses [32] with varying Bi contents. All the glasses except Dy0 had an LAC value greater than the glass with the least Bi content, while all of the others had a greater LAC than this glass but had lower LAC values than the other three glasses with 15, 20, and 30% Bi2O3, which had values of 0.411, 0.441, and 0.477 cm−1, respectively, where the glass with 30% Bi2O3 has the highest LAC value.

The tested glasses were also compared against the glass system BaO–Li2O–B2O3 [33] with different amounts of BaO in Figure 5. Of these previously investigated glasses, the one with the greatest BaO content and least Li2O amount had the highest LAC of 0.293 cm−1. Nevertheless, the four glasses all had lower LAC values compared to the Dy prepared glasses.

Figure 6 shows the LAC of the tested glasses with four glasses composed of SrO–PbO–B2O3 [34]. The figure shows that all the Dy-X glasses had a higher LAC than 20SrO–10PbO–70B2O3 with an LAC of 0.320 cm−1, while Dy0–3 had LAC values lower than 10SrO–20PbO–70B2O3, with an LAC of 0.369 cm−1. Meanwhile, Dy3–5 had higher LACs than 20SrO–20PbO–60B2O3, which has an LAC of 0.371 cm−1, but none of the glasses had an LAC as high as 10SrO–30PbO–60B2O3, equal to 0.418 cm−1. Therefore, the Dy-X glasses are fairly even with this glass system.

Figure 7 illustrates the LACs of the glasses against TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses [35]. The Dy0–Dy3 glasses all have lower LAC values than those of all the TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses; however, Dy4 has an LAC value greater than three of these glasses, while the LAC of Dy5 is greater than all four of these compared glasses, with the closest one having an LAC value of 0.381 cm−1.

The tested glasses were also compared against a PbO–Al2O3 [36] glass system with other metal oxides in Figure 8. The 5Bi2O3–10PbO–20B2O3–65SiO2 glass had the lowest LAC at 0.294 cm−1, while the 50PbO–10Al2O3–40SiO2 glass and the 40PbO–10Al2O3–10B2O3–40SiO2 glass both had greater LAC values than the Dy-X glasses, with values of 0.574 and 0.491 cm−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the 25PbO–10Al2O3–65B2O3 glass had a higher LAC than Dy0–2 but lower than Dy3–5. Overall, through these comparisons, we can conclude that the prepared glasses have a very respectable radiation shielding ability and can effectively go up against many other previously investigated glass systems.

4 Conclusion

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Dy2O3 on the radiation shielding performance of SiO2–PbO–B2O3–Dy2O3 glass systems. The results demonstrate that Dy5 has the highest LAC value of the prepared glasses, while Dy0 has the lowest. The Z eff values at 0.284 MeV increase with increasing heavy metal oxide content. The Z eff values at 0.284 MeV are equal to 27.35, 27.94, 28.52, 29.09, 29.65, and 30.20 for Dy0, Dy1, Dy2, Dy3, Dy4, and Dy5, respectively. From both LAC and Z eff results, it is evident that increasing the Dy2O3 content in the samples leads to an improvement in the shielding ability of the glass system. We compared the LAC of the prepared glasses with other previously investigated glass samples at 0.662 MeV. When we compared the Dy-X glasses with Bi2O3–Na2O–B2O3 glass systems, we found that all the glasses except Dy0 had an LAC value greater than the glass with the least Bi content, while all of the others had a greater LAC than this glass but had lower LAC values than the other three glasses with 15, 20, and 30% Bi2O3. For the SrO–PbO–B2O3 glass systems, all the Dy-X glasses had a higher LAC than 20SrO–10PbO–70B2O3 with an LAC of 0.320 cm−1, while Dy0–3 had LAC values were lower than 10SrO–20PbO–70B2O3, with an LAC of 0.369 cm−1. The comparison with other glasses demonstrated an overall good shielding ability for the Dy samples compared to these previously tested glasses. Future studies might look into combining these substances with other heavy metal oxides to improve the radiation-shielding capabilities of the chosen glass system. The basic processes governing the shielding effectiveness of the examined glasses were analyzed by evaluating the impact of various HMOs on the LAC and Z eff of those glasses, and novel strategies may be developed for enhancing the performance under various conditions.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R2), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R2), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  2. Author contributions: A.H.A.: funding acquisition, supervision; M.I.A.: methodology, writing – original draft and editing, writing – review and editing. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-01-29
Revised: 2023-05-01
Accepted: 2023-05-15
Published Online: 2023-07-29

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Dynamic properties of the attachment oscillator arising in the nanophysics
  3. Parametric simulation of stagnation point flow of motile microorganism hybrid nanofluid across a circular cylinder with sinusoidal radius
  4. Fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations by Ritz approximation approach
  5. Behaviour and onset of low-dimensional chaos with a periodically varying loss in single-mode homogeneously broadened laser
  6. Ammonia gas-sensing behavior of uniform nanostructured PPy film prepared by simple-straightforward in situ chemical vapor oxidation
  7. Analysis of the working mechanism and detection sensitivity of a flash detector
  8. Flat and bent branes with inner structure in two-field mimetic gravity
  9. Heat transfer analysis of the MHD stagnation-point flow of third-grade fluid over a porous sheet with thermal radiation effect: An algorithmic approach
  10. Weighted survival functional entropy and its properties
  11. Bioconvection effect in the Carreau nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux using stagnation point flow in the entropy generation: Micromachines level study
  12. Study on the impulse mechanism of optical films formed by laser plasma shock waves
  13. Analysis of sweeping jet and film composite cooling using the decoupled model
  14. Research on the influence of trapezoidal magnetization of bonded magnetic ring on cogging torque
  15. Tripartite entanglement and entanglement transfer in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system
  16. Compounded Bell-G class of statistical models with applications to COVID-19 and actuarial data
  17. Degradation of Vibrio cholerae from drinking water by the underwater capillary discharge
  18. Multiple Lie symmetry solutions for effects of viscous on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer in non-Newtonian thin film
  19. Thermal characterization of heat source (sink) on hybridized (Cu–Ag/EG) nanofluid flow via solid stretchable sheet
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  21. Study on the inter-porosity transfer rate and producing degree of matrix in fractured-porous gas reservoirs
  22. Interstellar radiation as a Maxwell field: Improved numerical scheme and application to the spectral energy density
  23. Numerical study of hybridized Williamson nanofluid flow with TC4 and Nichrome over an extending surface
  24. Controlling the physical field using the shape function technique
  25. Significance of heat and mass transport in peristaltic flow of Jeffrey material subject to chemical reaction and radiation phenomenon through a tapered channel
  26. Complex dynamics of a sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system
  27. Stability control in a helicoidal spin–orbit-coupled open Bose–Bose mixture
  28. Research on WPD and DBSCAN-L-ISOMAP for circuit fault feature extraction
  29. Simulation for formation process of atomic orbitals by the finite difference time domain method based on the eight-element Dirac equation
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  34. Chaotic characteristics and mixing performance of pseudoplastic fluids in a stirred tank
  35. Isomorphic shut form valuation for quantum field theory and biological population models
  36. Vibration sensitivity minimization of an ultra-stable optical reference cavity based on orthogonal experimental design
  37. Effect of dysprosium on the radiation-shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  38. Asymptotic formulations of anti-plane problems in pre-stressed compressible elastic laminates
  39. A study on soliton, lump solutions to a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Hirota--Satsuma--Ito equation
  40. Tangential electrostatic field at metal surfaces
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  53. Analysis of Cu and Zn contents in aluminum alloys by femtosecond laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  54. Nonsequential double ionization channels control of CO2 molecules with counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser field by laser wavelength
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  116. Special Issue on Predicting pattern alterations in nature - Part I
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https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0250
Keywords for this article
effective atomic number; photons; nuclear technology; Dy2O3
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BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Dynamic properties of the attachment oscillator arising in the nanophysics
  3. Parametric simulation of stagnation point flow of motile microorganism hybrid nanofluid across a circular cylinder with sinusoidal radius
  4. Fractal-fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equations by Ritz approximation approach
  5. Behaviour and onset of low-dimensional chaos with a periodically varying loss in single-mode homogeneously broadened laser
  6. Ammonia gas-sensing behavior of uniform nanostructured PPy film prepared by simple-straightforward in situ chemical vapor oxidation
  7. Analysis of the working mechanism and detection sensitivity of a flash detector
  8. Flat and bent branes with inner structure in two-field mimetic gravity
  9. Heat transfer analysis of the MHD stagnation-point flow of third-grade fluid over a porous sheet with thermal radiation effect: An algorithmic approach
  10. Weighted survival functional entropy and its properties
  11. Bioconvection effect in the Carreau nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux using stagnation point flow in the entropy generation: Micromachines level study
  12. Study on the impulse mechanism of optical films formed by laser plasma shock waves
  13. Analysis of sweeping jet and film composite cooling using the decoupled model
  14. Research on the influence of trapezoidal magnetization of bonded magnetic ring on cogging torque
  15. Tripartite entanglement and entanglement transfer in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system
  16. Compounded Bell-G class of statistical models with applications to COVID-19 and actuarial data
  17. Degradation of Vibrio cholerae from drinking water by the underwater capillary discharge
  18. Multiple Lie symmetry solutions for effects of viscous on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer in non-Newtonian thin film
  19. Thermal characterization of heat source (sink) on hybridized (Cu–Ag/EG) nanofluid flow via solid stretchable sheet
  20. Optimizing condition monitoring of ball bearings: An integrated approach using decision tree and extreme learning machine for effective decision-making
  21. Study on the inter-porosity transfer rate and producing degree of matrix in fractured-porous gas reservoirs
  22. Interstellar radiation as a Maxwell field: Improved numerical scheme and application to the spectral energy density
  23. Numerical study of hybridized Williamson nanofluid flow with TC4 and Nichrome over an extending surface
  24. Controlling the physical field using the shape function technique
  25. Significance of heat and mass transport in peristaltic flow of Jeffrey material subject to chemical reaction and radiation phenomenon through a tapered channel
  26. Complex dynamics of a sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system
  27. Stability control in a helicoidal spin–orbit-coupled open Bose–Bose mixture
  28. Research on WPD and DBSCAN-L-ISOMAP for circuit fault feature extraction
  29. Simulation for formation process of atomic orbitals by the finite difference time domain method based on the eight-element Dirac equation
  30. A modified power-law model: Properties, estimation, and applications
  31. Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation of dynamic cumulative residual Tsallis entropy for moment exponential distribution under progressive censored type II
  32. Computational analysis and biomechanical study of Oldroyd-B fluid with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions through a vertical non-uniform channel
  33. Predictability of machine learning framework in cross-section data
  34. Chaotic characteristics and mixing performance of pseudoplastic fluids in a stirred tank
  35. Isomorphic shut form valuation for quantum field theory and biological population models
  36. Vibration sensitivity minimization of an ultra-stable optical reference cavity based on orthogonal experimental design
  37. Effect of dysprosium on the radiation-shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  38. Asymptotic formulations of anti-plane problems in pre-stressed compressible elastic laminates
  39. A study on soliton, lump solutions to a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Hirota--Satsuma--Ito equation
  40. Tangential electrostatic field at metal surfaces
  41. Bioconvective gyrotactic microorganisms in third-grade nanofluid flow over a Riga surface with stratification: An approach to entropy minimization
  42. Infrared spectroscopy for ageing assessment of insulating oils via dielectric loss factor and interfacial tension
  43. Influence of cationic surfactants on the growth of gypsum crystals
  44. Study on instability mechanism of KCl/PHPA drilling waste fluid
  45. Analytical solutions of the extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in nonlinear media
  46. A novel compact highly sensitive non-invasive microwave antenna sensor for blood glucose monitoring
  47. Inspection of Couette and pressure-driven Poiseuille entropy-optimized dissipated flow in a suction/injection horizontal channel: Analytical solutions
  48. Conserved vectors and solutions of the two-dimensional potential KP equation
  49. The reciprocal linear effect, a new optical effect of the Sagnac type
  50. Optimal interatomic potentials using modified method of least squares: Optimal form of interatomic potentials
  51. The soliton solutions for stochastic Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii Schiff equation in plasma physics/fluid mechanics
  52. Research on absolute ranging technology of resampling phase comparison method based on FMCW
  53. Analysis of Cu and Zn contents in aluminum alloys by femtosecond laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  54. Nonsequential double ionization channels control of CO2 molecules with counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser field by laser wavelength
  55. Fractional-order modeling: Analysis of foam drainage and Fisher's equations
  56. Thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer bio-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable disk with activation energy: Analysis of interfacial nanolayer thickness
  57. Investigation on topology-optimized compressor piston by metal additive manufacturing technique: Analytical and numeric computational modeling using finite element analysis in ANSYS
  58. Breast cancer segmentation using a hybrid AttendSeg architecture combined with a gravitational clustering optimization algorithm using mathematical modelling
  59. On the localized and periodic solutions to the time-fractional Klein-Gordan equations: Optimal additive function method and new iterative method
  60. 3D thin-film nanofluid flow with heat transfer on an inclined disc by using HWCM
  61. Numerical study of static pressure on the sonochemistry characteristics of the gas bubble under acoustic excitation
  62. Optimal auxiliary function method for analyzing nonlinear system of coupled Schrödinger–KdV equation with Caputo operator
  63. Analysis of magnetized micropolar fluid subjected to generalized heat-mass transfer theories
  64. Does the Mott problem extend to Geiger counters?
  65. Stability analysis, phase plane analysis, and isolated soliton solution to the LGH equation in mathematical physics
  66. Effects of Joule heating and reaction mechanisms on couple stress fluid flow with peristalsis in the presence of a porous material through an inclined channel
  67. Bayesian and E-Bayesian estimation based on constant-stress partially accelerated life testing for inverted Topp–Leone distribution
  68. Dynamical and physical characteristics of soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky system
  69. Study of fractional variable order COVID-19 environmental transformation model
  70. Sisko nanofluid flow through exponential stretching sheet with swimming of motile gyrotactic microorganisms: An application to nanoengineering
  71. Influence of the regularization scheme in the QCD phase diagram in the PNJL model
  72. Fixed-point theory and numerical analysis of an epidemic model with fractional calculus: Exploring dynamical behavior
  73. Computational analysis of reconstructing current and sag of three-phase overhead line based on the TMR sensor array
  74. Investigation of tripled sine-Gordon equation: Localized modes in multi-stacked long Josephson junctions
  75. High-sensitivity on-chip temperature sensor based on cascaded microring resonators
  76. Pathological study on uncertain numbers and proposed solutions for discrete fuzzy fractional order calculus
  77. Bifurcation, chaotic behavior, and traveling wave solution of stochastic coupled Konno–Oono equation with multiplicative noise in the Stratonovich sense
  78. Thermal radiation and heat generation on three-dimensional Casson fluid motion via porous stretching surface with variable thermal conductivity
  79. Numerical simulation and analysis of Airy's-type equation
  80. A homotopy perturbation method with Elzaki transformation for solving the fractional Biswas–Milovic model
  81. Heat transfer performance of magnetohydrodynamic multiphase nanofluid flow of Cu–Al2O3/H2O over a stretching cylinder
  82. ΛCDM and the principle of equivalence
  83. Axisymmetric stagnation-point flow of non-Newtonian nanomaterial and heat transport over a lubricated surface: Hybrid homotopy analysis method simulations
  84. HAM simulation for bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic flow of Walters-B fluid containing nanoparticles and microorganisms past a stretching sheet with velocity slip and convective conditions
  85. Coupled heat and mass transfer mathematical study for lubricated non-Newtonian nanomaterial conveying oblique stagnation point flow: A comparison of viscous and viscoelastic nanofluid model
  86. Power Topp–Leone exponential negative family of distributions with numerical illustrations to engineering and biological data
  87. Extracting solitary solutions of the nonlinear Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) equation by analytical method
  88. A case study on the environmental and economic impact of photovoltaic systems in wastewater treatment plants
  89. Application of IoT network for marine wildlife surveillance
  90. Non-similar modeling and numerical simulations of microploar hybrid nanofluid adjacent to isothermal sphere
  91. Joint optimization of two-dimensional warranty period and maintenance strategy considering availability and cost constraints
  92. Numerical investigation of the flow characteristics involving dissipation and slip effects in a convectively nanofluid within a porous medium
  93. Spectral uncertainty analysis of grassland and its camouflage materials based on land-based hyperspectral images
  94. Application of low-altitude wind shear recognition algorithm and laser wind radar in aviation meteorological services
  95. Investigation of different structures of screw extruders on the flow in direct ink writing SiC slurry based on LBM
  96. Harmonic current suppression method of virtual DC motor based on fuzzy sliding mode
  97. Micropolar flow and heat transfer within a permeable channel using the successive linearization method
  98. Different lump k-soliton solutions to (2+1)-dimensional KdV system using Hirota binary Bell polynomials
  99. Investigation of nanomaterials in flow of non-Newtonian liquid toward a stretchable surface
  100. Weak beat frequency extraction method for photon Doppler signal with low signal-to-noise ratio
  101. Electrokinetic energy conversion of nanofluids in porous microtubes with Green’s function
  102. Examining the role of activation energy and convective boundary conditions in nanofluid behavior of Couette-Poiseuille flow
  103. Review Article
  104. Effects of stretching on phase transformation of PVDF and its copolymers: A review
  105. Special Issue on Transport phenomena and thermal analysis in micro/nano-scale structure surfaces - Part IV
  106. Prediction and monitoring model for farmland environmental system using soil sensor and neural network algorithm
  107. Special Issue on Advanced Topics on the Modelling and Assessment of Complicated Physical Phenomena - Part III
  108. Some standard and nonstandard finite difference schemes for a reaction–diffusion–chemotaxis model
  109. Special Issue on Advanced Energy Materials - Part II
  110. Rapid productivity prediction method for frac hits affected wells based on gas reservoir numerical simulation and probability method
  111. Special Issue on Novel Numerical and Analytical Techniques for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Type - Part III
  112. Adomian decomposition method for solution of fourteenth order boundary value problems
  113. New soliton solutions of modified (3+1)-D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and (2+1)-D cubic Klein–Gordon equations using first integral method
  114. On traveling wave solutions to Manakov model with variable coefficients
  115. Rational approximation for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations by new algorithm
  116. Special Issue on Predicting pattern alterations in nature - Part I
  117. Modeling the monkeypox infection using the Mittag–Leffler kernel
  118. Spectral analysis of variable-order multi-terms fractional differential equations
  119. Special Issue on Nanomaterial utilization and structural optimization - Part I
  120. Heat treatment and tensile test of 3D-printed parts manufactured at different build orientations
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