Startseite Crystal structure of benzenesulphonic acid
Artikel Open Access

Crystal structure of benzenesulphonic acid

  • Pholani Manana , Eric C. Hosten ORCID logo und Richard Betz ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 2. Oktober 2020

Abstract

C6H6O3S, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 15.3524(8) Å, b = 5.7180(3) Å, c = 15.3395(9) Å, V = 1346.58(13) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0253, wRref (F2) = 0.0663, T = 200(2) K.

CCDC no.: 2032092

The molecular structure is shown in the figure. Table 1 contains crystallographic data and Table 2 contains the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal:Colourless block
Size:0.59 × 0.39 × 0.31 mm
Wavelength:Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ:0.42 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan modeBruker APEX-II, φ and ω
θmax, completeness:28.3°, >99%
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint:12225, 3347, 0.018
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt:Iobs > 2 σ(Iobs), 3131
N(param)refined:183
Programs:Bruker [1], SHELX [2], WinGX/ORTEP [3], Mercury [4], PLATON [5]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

AtomxyzUiso*/Ueq
S10.48937 (2)0.62083 (7)0.34964 (2)0.02512 (9)
O110.50174 (8)0.4325 (2)0.42190 (9)0.0332 (3)
H110.50130.49720.47110.050*
O120.54553 (7)0.8141 (2)0.36461 (10)0.0405 (3)
O130.49883 (9)0.4937 (3)0.26923 (9)0.0379 (3)
C110.38057 (9)0.7068 (3)0.36070 (10)0.0230 (3)
C120.36157 (12)0.9151 (3)0.40372 (11)0.0314 (3)
H120.40671.01410.42440.038*
C130.27448 (13)0.9737 (3)0.41539 (14)0.0417 (4)
H130.25971.11610.44370.050*
C140.20903 (12)0.8264 (3)0.38613 (13)0.0414 (4)
H140.14980.86670.39580.050*
C150.22926 (11)0.6220 (3)0.34316 (14)0.0393 (4)
H150.18400.52340.32240.047*
C160.31577 (11)0.5597 (3)0.33011 (10)0.0300 (3)
H160.33020.41860.30070.036*
S20.44735 (2)0.12395 (6)0.10434 (3)0.02456 (9)
O210.47898 (8)0.0830 (2)0.19929 (8)0.0338 (3)
H210.48500.21240.22450.051*
O220.45204 (9)−0.0971 (2)0.06195 (11)0.0402 (3)
O230.49545 (7)0.3180 (2)0.06858 (8)0.0321 (3)
C210.33755 (9)0.2066 (3)0.11598 (9)0.0231 (3)
C220.28188 (11)0.0537 (3)0.15878 (12)0.0318 (4)
H220.3033−0.08820.18280.038*
C230.19454 (11)0.1112 (3)0.16581 (13)0.0390 (4)
H230.15580.00910.19550.047*
C240.16355 (11)0.3163 (4)0.12983 (12)0.0388 (4)
H240.10330.35310.13390.047*
C250.21970 (12)0.4685 (3)0.08784 (12)0.0360 (4)
H250.19800.60970.06350.043*
C260.30836 (11)0.4152 (3)0.08110 (11)0.0297 (4)
H260.34750.51980.05320.036*

Source of material

The compound was obtained commercially (BDH). Crystals suitable for the diffraction studies were taken straight from the bottle and prepared under a constant stream of dry nitrogen due to the hygroscopic nature of the compound.

Experimental details

The H atoms were visible on Fourier difference maps but were geometrically placed and refined as riding with Uiso(H) = 1.2-1.5 Ueq (C,O) using the appropriate SHELXL AFIX commands.

Comment

Benzene is among the most important synthons in chemistry. Via electrophilic substitution reactions a vast variety of functionalized derivatives is readily available. The interplay between activating and deactivating substituents as well as the competition and synergism between inductive and mesomeric effects allows for the seemingly endless functionalization of the respective archaetype hydrocarbon scaffold. The latter gives rise to a large toolbox of new synthons that can be applied for the production of dyes, medications, catalysts and ligands for novel coordination compounds. Several simple and fundamental derivatives of benzene are powerful and versatile reagents themselves and have entered the preparative chemist’s toolbox decades ago. One notable example for the latter statement is benzenesulphonic acid which is readily available upon reacting benzene with concentrated sulphuric acid [6] and serves – just like its close chemical relative para-toluenesulphonic acid – as an acidic reagent of intermediate strength whose solubility in organic solvents is of crucial interest. During the preparation of a number of multidentate organic ligands for transition metals by means of acid-catalyzed condensation reactions, the possibility of accidentially isolating the catalyst in crystalline form existed. Surprisingly, the crystal and molecular structures of benzenesulphonic acid have not been reported as of today. Only a co-crystal of the title compound with tris-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)stibane(V) oxide is apparent in the literature [7].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound contains two complete independent molecules. The formal S=O double bonds are found at lengths of 1.4202(13) Å and 1.4391(13) Å in the first and at 1.4235(12) Å and 1.4413(12) Å in the second molecule, numbered S1-C16 and S2-C26, respectively, while the S–O bond lengths involving the hydroxyl group are significantly longer with values of 1.5571(13) Å and 1.5531(13) Å. While the numerical values found for the S=O bonds are in good agreement with data depopsited with the Cambridge Structural Database [8] for compounds that feature free para-toluenesulphonic acid in the crystal structure, the pertaining S–O bond lengths involving the sulphur-bonded OH group are – on average – markedly longer. Sulphur-carbon bond distances are more uniform, with distances of 1.7494(14) Å and 1.7599(15)°, respectively, however, they deviate to smaller values in comparison to the values reported for crystal structures featuring free para-toluenesulphonic acid. Intracyclic C–C–C angles span a range of 117.96(17)–121.99(15)° in the first molecule and 118.36(16)–121.83(15)° in the second, with the largest angle invariably found on the carbon atom bearing the sulphonic acid group. The least-squares planes as defined by the non-hydrogen atoms of each aromatic moiety intersect at an angle of 57.97(9)°.

In the crystal, classical hydrogen bonds of the O–H…O type are observed next to C–H…O contacts whose range falls by more than 0.1 Å below the sum of van-der–Waals radii of the participating atoms. The classical hydrogen bonds alternate between the first molecule present in the asymmetric unit acting as donor with one of the formally double-bonded oxygen atoms in the second molecule acting as acceptor and vice versa. The C–H…O contacts exclusively involve only one of the two molecules present in the asymmetric in terms of donors and acceptors. These contacts are supported by the C–H group in para position to the sulphonic acid group as donor, with the double-bonded oxygen atom that does not already serve as acceptor to classical hydrogen bonds as acceptor. In terms of graph-set analysis [9], [10], the descriptor for the classical hydrogen bonds is DD at the unary and C22(8) at the binary level while the C–H…O contacts require a C11(7) descriptor at the unary level. In total, the classical hydrogen bonds connect the molecules to undulating chains along the crystallographic c axis while the additional C–H…O contacts extend these chains to a three-dimensional network. Furthermore, one could discuss the presence of a C–H…π interaction stemming from one of the C–H groups in meta position to the sulphonic acid group on the molecule that does not participate in the C–H…O contacts as donor and the aromatic system of the second molecule present in the asymmetric unit; however, we note that the pertaining C–H…π angle of 134.00° deviates markedly from linearity. π stacking is not a prominent feature in the crystal structure of benzenesulphonic acid as the shortest distance between two centers of gravity was measured at 4.8129(11) Å.


Corresponding author: Richard Betz, Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus (South), University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mrs Andiswa Judy Mfakado for helpful discussions.

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2020-07-23
Accepted: 2020-09-15
Published Online: 2020-10-02
Published in Print: 2021-01-26

© 2020 Pholani Manana et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. New Crystal Structures
  3. The crystal structure of 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, C30H46O3·1/6H2O
  4. The crystal structure of (3S,12R,20R,24R)-3,12-diacetyl-20,24-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25–triol–ethyl acetate (4/1), C34H56O6⋅ 0.25(C4H8O2)
  5. A new polymorph of tetrakis(dimethylammonium) catena-poly[tetrakis(μ2-sulfato-κ2O:O′)dizinc(II)], Zn2C8H32N4O16S4
  6. Crystal structure of 10-oxysophoridine, C15H22N2O2
  7. The crystal structure of (5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-((R)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6(2H)-dione, C30H48O4
  8. Synthesis, crystal structure and optical property of 1,6-bis(p-tolylthio)pyrene, C30H22S2
  9. The crystal structure of hexakis(2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-1-ium) decavanadate(V) dihydrate, C60H64N18O30V10
  10. Preparation and crystal structure of a cationic olefin polymerization precatalyst: (1,7-bis(2,6–dichlorophenyl)-1,7-di-aza-4-oxo-heptan-1,4,7-triyl)dimethyl zirconium(IV), C18H20Cl4N2OZr
  11. The crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl(4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridyl-κ2N,N′)- (pyrazole-κN)rhenium(I) nitrate, C18H16O3N4Re
  12. Synthesis and crystal structure of hexaaquacopper(II) 2,5-dicarboxyterephthalate, C10H16O14Cu
  13. The crystal structure of (8R,10R,12R,14R)- 12-hydroxy-16-(5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)- 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyltetradecahydro-3H- cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6(2H)-dione, C30H48O5
  14. Structure of the mixed crystal (S)-(6-(bromo/chloro)-2-methoxy-2,6-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)(phenyl)methanol, C17H14Br0.5Cl0.5NO2
  15. The crystal structure of trans-tetraaqua-bis(4-acetylphenoxyacetato-κ1O)manganese(II), C20H26O12Mn
  16. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C19H14F4O2
  17. Crystal structure of DL-α-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol, C9H13NO
  18. The crystal structure of dipentaerthritol hexanitrate, C10H16N6O19
  19. Crystal structure of N,N-diphenylformamide, C13H11NO
  20. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen- 1(2H)-one, C20H14F6O2
  21. Crystal structure of ortho-methoxy benzaldehyde, C8H8O2 – a second polymorph and deposition of 3D coordinates
  22. Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-2-(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy)propanoato-κ2O:O')-(2-(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy)propanoato-κ2O,O')yttrium(III)], C51H79O11Y
  23. Crystal structure of benzylthiouronium chloride, C8H11ClN2S
  24. Synthesis and crystal structure of tert-butyl (2′R,3R,3′R,4aR,9aS)-1-acetyl-5-chloro-3″-methyl-2,5″,9′-trioxo-1″-phenyl-1″,4a′,5″,9a′-tetrahydro-1′H,3′H,9′H-dispiro[indoline-3,4′-xanthene-2′,4″-pyrazole]-3′-carboxylate, C36H32ClN3O7
  25. Crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde, C8H8O3
  26. Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(m3-3′,5′-dicarboxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-dicarboxylato-K4O,O′:O″:O‴) cadmium(II)], C16H11O10Cd
  27. Crystal structure of {tetraaqua-bis(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-((4aS,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethane-1-sulfonato-k2O,O') calcium(II)}-{triaqua-bis(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-((4aS,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethane-1-sulfonato-k2O,O') calcium(II)} – water – acetone (1/1/8/2)
  28. Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{2-bromo-6-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(methoxy-imino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato- κ2N,O}zinc(II)-methanol(1/2), C65H60Br4N8O9Zn2
  29. Crystal structure of benzenesulphonic acid
  30. Crystal structure of N-benzyl-N-nicotinoyl-nicotine amide C19H15N3O2
  31. Crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ3-2,4-diamino-benzenesulfonato-κ4N:N′,O:O′)silver(I)], C12H18O8N4S2Ag2
  32. Crystal structure of 1,4-bis(methylpyridinium benzene) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2S:S)nickel(II), C26H18N6NiS4
  33. Crystal structure of the Cu(II) complex chlorido-(6-oxo-2-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylato-k2N,O)-(phenanthroline-k2N,N')copper(II), C23H15ClCuN4O3
  34. Crystal structure of phenarsazine chloride acetic acid solvate, C14H13AsClNO2
  35. Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ2-3,3′,4,5′-biphenyl tetracarboxylate- κ3O,O′:O′′) -(μ2-4,4′-bis(pyrid-4-yl)biphenyl-κ2N:N′)zinc(II)], C27H18NO9Zn
  36. Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-3-amino-benzenedisulfonato-κ2N:O)-bis (3-methyl-isoquinoline-κN)silver(I)], C26H24N3O3SAg
  37. Crystal structure of 2-((4-Aminophenyl)thio)acetic acid, C8H9NO2S
  38. Crystal structure of phenarsazine chloride dimethylsulfoxide solvate, C14H15AsClNOS
  39. Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-azido-N-phenylacetamide, C8H8N4O
  40. Crystal structure of chlorido{hydridotris[3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}copper(II), C30H28BClCuN6
  41. Crystal structure of benzanthrone – a redetermination for correct molecular geometry and localization of hydrogen atoms
  42. Crystal structure of 4-bromobenzaldehyde – complete redetermination at 200 K, C7H5BrO
  43. Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of chlorido{hydridotris[3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}(3-,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN)copper(II), C20H30BClCuN8
  44. The crystal structure of 4-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile, C22H20N2O
  45. Crystal structure of 4-ethyl-3-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, C17H15NO
  46. Crystal structure of (tricyclohexylphosphane-κP)-[(Z)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-O-methylthiocarbamato-k1S]gold(I), C26H40AuFNOPS
  47. Crystal structure of (3S,8R,10R,12R,14R)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-((R)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl acetate, C32H54O4
  48. The crystal structure of 2-[(S)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-2,3,7,7a- tetrahydro-3a,6-epoxyisoindol-1(6H)-one, C19H20NO2
  49. Crystal structure of {hydridotris[3-(t-butyl)-5-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}thallium(I), C30H52BN6Tl
  50. Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-octyl-3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, C22H26N2O
  51. The crystal structure of 2,6-difluorophenol, C6H4F2O
  52. 4-(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)-4-methylmorpholin-4-ium bromide, C18H20BrNO
  53. The crystal structure of 2,4-dimethylimidazole monohydrate, C5H10N2O
  54. The crystal structure of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, C5H8N2
  55. The crystal structure of 3-ammonio-4-aminobenzoate, C7H8N2O2 – a second polymorph
  56. The crystal structure of 4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-ylthio)-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienolate chloride monohydrate, C14H15N4O5S2Cl
  57. The crystal structure of butyrylferrocene, C14H16FeO
  58. The crystal structure of bi-1,1′-cyclopentane-1,1′-diol, C10H18O2
  59. The crystal structure of 2-iso-propylimidazole, C6H10N2
  60. The crystal structure of aqua-tris (1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-κ2O,O′)-lanthanum(III), C45H35LaO7
  61. Crystal structure of (3E,5E)-3,5-bis-4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one, C24H21F6NO3
  62. The crystal structure of 3,5-dichloro-6-diazo-2,4-dinitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one, C6Cl2N4O5
  63. Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-methylquinolin-8-olato-κ2N,O)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C29H23AsNO2Rh
  64. Crystal structure of (1aS,1a1S,2S)-4a-butoxy-1a,1a1,2,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-cyclobuta[de]naphthalen-2-yl-4-nitrobenzoate, C22H25NO5
  65. Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-k2O,O′)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C24H19AsNO3Rh
  66. Crystal structure of catena-poly[triqua-bis(μ2-4-carboxy-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylato-k3N,O:O′)barium(II)] tetrahydrate, C14H14BaN12O15
  67. Crystal structure of (E)-3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-2-((quinoxalin-2-ylmethylene)amino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one, C35H32N6O2
  68. Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(μ2-5-chloro-salicylato-κ3O,O′:O′)-bis(5-chloro-salicylato-κ2O,O′)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′) dilead(II) – water (1/2), C52H36C14N4O14Pb2·2(H2O)
  69. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-(pyrrole-2-ylmethyleneamino)-3′,6′-dihydroxylspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one-methanol (1/1), C31H29N3O7
  70. The crystal structure of 5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine-6,11-dione, C14H9NO2
  71. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C19H14F4O2
  72. The crystal structure of N-(2-methoxy-4,5-bis[phenylselanyl]phenyl)picolinamide, C25H20N2O2Se2
  73. The crystal structure of (E)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1- carboxamide monohydrate, C14H14BrN3O3
  74. Crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl-(nitrato-k1O)-bis(pyridine-κN)-rhenium, C13H10O6N3Re
  75. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)-3′,6′-dihydroxyspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one — methanol (1/2), C27H25N3O6
  76. The crystal structure of 4-amino-N′-(4-aminobenzoyl)benzohydrazide monohydrate, C14H16N4O3
  77. Crystal structure of bis(amino(carbamothioylamino)methaniminium) 5-hydroxyisophthalate monohydrate, C12H20N8O6S2
  78. The crystal structure of 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, C6H6ClN
  79. The crystal structure of 1-bromo-4-iodo-benzene, C6H4BrI
  80. The crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitro-phenol, C8H9NO3
  81. The crystal structure of 3-chloropropionic acid, C3H5ClO2
  82. The crystal structure of 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, C9H10O3
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