Home Physical Sciences Preparation and crystal structure of a cationic olefin polymerization precatalyst: (1,7-bis(2,6–dichlorophenyl)-1,7-di-aza-4-oxo-heptan-1,4,7-triyl)dimethyl zirconium(IV), C18H20Cl4N2OZr
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Preparation and crystal structure of a cationic olefin polymerization precatalyst: (1,7-bis(2,6–dichlorophenyl)-1,7-di-aza-4-oxo-heptan-1,4,7-triyl)dimethyl zirconium(IV), C18H20Cl4N2OZr

  • Peter J. Bonitatibus ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Guido J. Reiss
Published/Copyright: November 6, 2020

Abstract

C18H20Cl4N2OZr, monoclinic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 12.457(3) Å, b = 22.806(8) Å, c = 7.398(2) Å, V = 2101.7(11) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0291, wRref(F2) = 0.0685, T = 110 K.

CCDC no.: 2036254

The molecular structure is shown in the Figure. Table 1 contains crystallographic data and Table 2 contains the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal:Colorless plate
Size:0.50 × 0.30 × 0.10 mm
Wavelength:Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ:1.04 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode:Siemens P4, ω
θmax, completeness:23.0°, 94%
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint:3537, 1404, 0.048
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt:Iobs > 2 σ(Iobs), 1174
N(param)refined:139
Programs:XSCANS [1], SHELX [2], [3], [4], Diamond [5]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

AtomxyzUiso*/Ueq
Zr0.74304 (4)0.7500000.68161 (7)0.0302 (2)
Cl10.63067 (8)0.61740 (4)0.99885 (14)0.0474 (3)
Cl20.85483 (9)0.61215 (5)0.37369 (14)0.0529 (3)
O0.5856 (3)0.7500000.5144 (4)0.0312 (8)
N0.6935 (2)0.66376 (11)0.6302 (4)0.0318 (7)
C10.7687 (6)0.7500000.9815 (9)0.0440 (15)
H110.805 (3)0.7816 (12)1.013 (5)0.064 (14)*
H120.705 (3)0.7500001.037 (9)0.09 (3)*
C20.9116 (5)0.7500000.5820 (11)0.0499 (16)
H210.948 (3)0.7160 (11)0.605 (5)0.060 (13)*
H220.914 (5)0.7500000.461 (3)0.08 (3)*
C30.5669 (3)0.69755 (14)0.4115 (5)0.0394 (9)
H3A0.6122800.6967700.3049610.047*
H3B0.4924960.6952850.3737110.047*
C40.5940 (3)0.64784 (15)0.5352 (5)0.0400 (10)
H4A0.5364130.6415470.6212260.048*
H4B0.6043830.6120780.4664230.048*
C50.7530 (3)0.61610 (13)0.6965 (5)0.0309 (8)
C60.7366 (3)0.59144 (14)0.8692 (5)0.0332 (9)
C70.7987 (3)0.54664 (14)0.9378 (6)0.0414 (10)
H70.7855590.5319231.0529180.050*
C80.8802 (3)0.52399 (15)0.8342 (6)0.0475 (11)
H80.9236210.4943710.8802850.057*
C90.8979 (3)0.54501 (15)0.6619 (6)0.0444 (11)
H90.9523120.5291650.5910220.053*
C100.8348 (3)0.58951 (14)0.5956 (5)0.0343 (9)

Source of material

Synthesis of the title complex [NONCl]ZrMe2, was carried out by reaction of the tridentate H2[NONCI] ligand [(2,6-Cl2C6H3NHCH2CH2)2O] with tetrakis(dimethylamide)zirconium(IV) to form [NONCI]Zr(NMe2)2 initially, followed by stepwise conversion from [NONCI]Zr(NMe2)2 to [NONCI]ZrCl2 with subsequent methylation to form [NONCI]ZrMe2 (structure pictured in the Figure). Synthesis of the ligand involved reaction of the lithium anilide (protected with a trimethylsilyl group) [6] with commercially available diethylene glycol di(p-toluenesulfonate) in THF, followed by hydrolysis with aqueous HCl. Synthesis of all compounds required to produce [NONCI]ZrMe2 are described below.

2,6-Dichloro(trimethylsilyl)aniline: 5.0 g (30.86 mmol) of 2,6-dichloroaniline was dissolved in 100 mL of a 70:30 mixture of THF:Et2O. Potassium hydride (1.24 g, 30.92 mmol) was added in small portions at room temperature under N2 with stirring, so as to keep bubbling to a minimum. With each addition of solid KH bubbling occurred, and more KH was added only when the solution homogenized. After 2 h of stirring, the resulting light orange-yellow solution of anilide was treated with chlorotrimethylsilane (3.35 g, 30.84 mmol). Upon addition, the color was discharged to originate a cloudy white suspension. After 2 h, all volatiles were removed and the product was extracted with 60 mL of pentane and filtered through a pad of celite. A light-yellow/colorless oil-liquid was isolated (80.6%) upon removal of pentane. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): d 7.20 (d, 2, Hm), 6.65 (t, 1, Hp), 4.01 (br s, 1, NH), 0.318 (s, 9, Si(CH3)3).

H2[NONCl] ligand [(2,6–Cl2C6H3NHCH2CH2)2O]: 2.22 g (9.48 mmol) of 2,6-dichloro(trimethylsilyl)aniline was dissolved in 100 mL of THF. This was set to chill for 90 min at −20 °C. n-BuLi (3.80 mL, 9.5 mmol) was added dropwise as a 2.5 M solution in hexanes over 10 min with stirring under N2. This was allowed to stir for hours originating a deep-orange homogeneous solution of lithium anilide at room temperature. The reaction was again set to chill for 45 min at −20 °C, and then treated with solid diethylene glycol di(p-toluenesulfonate) over a 7-min period in small portions (4.74 mmol). This reaction was allowed to stir for 3 days. Next, the homogeneous mixture was taken to dryness, and the resulting orange microcrystalline solid was stirred for 60 min in 100 mL of pentane. A very light-yellow solution was obtained upon filtration through a celite pad. All volatiles were removed to obtain an almost colorless oil which completely solidified to a white solid. The white solid was treated with 40 mL of a 3 N HCl solution after dissolution with 100 mL of Et2O. Hydrolysis proceeded overnight with stirring at 40 °C. The reaction was then quenched with 60 mL of 3 N KOH (until slightly basic). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with another 50 mL of Et2O. The organics were combined, washed twice with distilled water (until neutral), dried over MgSO4, and filtered. This compound was isolated as a light-orange oil (80%), which solidified over the course of a fortnight upon Et2O removal. FAB-MS: positive ion (M+H)+, measured (calc'd.): 393.0106 ± 0.0012 (393.009499), 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): d 7.23 (d, 4, Hm), 6.79 (t, 2, Hp), 4.51 (br s, 2, NH), 3.61 (t, 4, OCH2), 3.55 (t, 4, NHCH2).

[NONCI]Zr(NMe2)2: H2[NONCI] was dissolved in 15 mL of pentane (0.48 g, 1.22 mmol). To this was added as a 5 mL pentane solution, Zr(NMe2)4 (0.33 g, 1.22 mmol). This was allowed to stir overnight, filtered through a bed of celite, and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow solid (0.61 g, 88%). This reaction has been scaled up to 1.5 g of H2[NONCI]. 1H NMR (300 MHz, C6D6): d 7.11 (d, 4, Hm), 6.316 (t, 2, Hp), 3.55 (t, 4, OCH2), 3.48 (t, 4, NCH2), 2.88 (s, 12, NMe2).

[NONCI]ZrCl2: [NONCI]Zr(NMe2)2 was dissolved in 40 mL of Et2O (0.61 g, 1.07 mmol) to originate a light-yellow solution. To this was added neat chlorotrimethylsilane (2.31 g, 21.26 mmol) at room temperature under N2 with vigorous stirring. After 60 min, the reaction was only slightly turbid, so the mixture was allowed to stir overnight. All volatiles were removed in vacuo to yield the compound as a fine off-white powder (0.53 g, 90%). In some cases, the product was washed with pentane. 1H NMR (300 MHz, C6D6): d 6.93 (d, 4, Hm), 6.28 (t, 2, Hp), 3.57 (t, 4, OCH2), 3.38 (t, 4, NCH2); 1H NMR (300 MHz, toluene-d8): d 6.90 (d, 4, Hm), 6.28 (t, 2, Hp), 3.62 (t, 4, OCH2), 3.37 (t, 4, NCH2).

[NONCI]ZrMe2: [NONCI]ZrCl2 was suspended in 20 mL of Et2O (0.50 g, 0.91 mmol). This was set to chill at −20 °C for 30 min after which 0.5 mL of a 3.7 M solution of MeMgBr in Et2O (also at −20 °C) was added via syringe. The white suspension appeared to homogenize to a light-yellow solution upon addition of the Grignard reagent. This was set to stir at room temperature for 10 min until the reaction gave deposition of brown solids. At this point, 5 mL of dioxane were added which initiated the precipitation of a fine white powder. After stirring for an additional 20 min, all volatiles were removed in vacuo. The product was extracted using 40 mL of toluene, filtered through a pad of celite, and concentrated to dryness to yield the compound as a pale-white solid (0.326 g, 70%). Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained overnight from a concentrated toluene solution sitting at −20 °C. Anal.: found (calc’d.): C: 41.96 (42.11)%, H: 4.04 (3.93)%, N: 5.37 (5.46)%, Cl: 27.69 (27.62)%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, C6D6): d 7.081 (d, 4, Hm), 6.371 (t, 2, Hp), 3.479 (t, 4, OCH2), 3.35 (t, 4, NCH2), 0.67 (s, 6, CH3).

Experimental details

Coordinates of hydrogen atoms of the methyl groups were refined with a restrained C–H distance and individually refined Uiso parameters. All other H atoms were included using the standard riding models of the SHELX system [3] with constrained Uiso parameters (Uiso = 1.2Ueq(C)). The data collection which dates back many years was accidentally interrupted. Thus, the completeness is only 94% in the choosen Ewald sphere, but we still achieved a data to parameter ratio of 10:1.

Comparing the title structure containing the 2,6-dichlorophenyl moiety with the structure of the analogous literature known 2,6-dimethylphenyl derivative, an isomorphous structural relation (same space group type, and indeed almost the same coordinates) is present, if the methyl group is seen as a pseudo atom.

Furthermore in contrast to the literature known 2,6-dimethylphenyl derivative [6], for the title structure, we were able to show that the two methyl groups exactly fulfill the crystallographically imposed mirror symmetry (see the Figure) of the space group Pnma.

Comment

The title complex, [NONCI]ZrMe2, was obtained in 70% colorless crystalline yield from toluene and thoroughly characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and bulk analyses. The asymmetric unit of the title structure contains one half of the title complex (see the Figure), located on a mirror plane. Thus, the atoms Zr, O, C1, and C2 and one hydrogen atom of each methyl group (C1, C2) occupy the 4c Wyckoff site (transparent, red plane in the Figure). This X-ray study confirmed that the structure contains axial amido groups and a highly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry of zirconium(IV) with a N–Zr–N′ angle of 139.5(2)° (see the Figure). The Zr–C1 and Zr–C2 bond lengths, 2.225(7) and 2.242(6) Å respectively, are very close to being statistically equivalent, while the O–Zr–C1 and O–Zr–C2 angles, 130.4(2)° and 128.4(2)° respectively, are statistically distinct. On the NMR time scale (solution NMR), no structure lower than C2v symmetry was detected.

A Cambridge Structural Database [7] search shows closely related examples, namely the bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl derivative, [NONMe]ZrMe2, [6] as well as the N,N-bis(2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)ethyl)-N-methylamine-N,N′,N″ derivative, [NNNCI]ZrMe2 [8]. While all three dimethylzirconium(IV) complexes are structurally very similar (near identical), they display different reactivity. Both [NONMe]ZrMe2 and [NONCI]ZrMe2 can be activated with one equivalent of [HNMe2Ph][B(C6F5)4] to form [(NONE)Zr(Me)(NMe2Ph)][B(C6F5)4] where E = Me or Cl, however the former is substitutionally inert (with respect to NMe2Ph exchange) relative to the latter title complex [6]. Activation of [NONCI]ZrMe2 in bromobenzene at 0 °C generated a catalyst for the cationic polymerization of 1-hexene to poly(1-hexene) and shows some semblance to the rather highly active and more stable catalyst [NNNCI]ZrMe2 reported previously [8].


Corresponding author: Peter J. Bonitatibus, Jr., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Cogswell Laboratory, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY12180-3590, USA, E-mail:

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

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Received: 2020-09-18
Accepted: 2020-10-12
Published Online: 2020-11-06
Published in Print: 2021-01-26

© 2020 Peter J. Bonitatibus and Guido J. Reiss, published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  65. Crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-k2O,O′)(triphenylarsine-κAs)rhodium(I), C24H19AsNO3Rh
  66. Crystal structure of catena-poly[triqua-bis(μ2-4-carboxy-2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylato-k3N,O:O′)barium(II)] tetrahydrate, C14H14BaN12O15
  67. Crystal structure of (E)-3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-2-((quinoxalin-2-ylmethylene)amino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one, C35H32N6O2
  68. Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(μ2-5-chloro-salicylato-κ3O,O′:O′)-bis(5-chloro-salicylato-κ2O,O′)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′) dilead(II) – water (1/2), C52H36C14N4O14Pb2·2(H2O)
  69. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-(pyrrole-2-ylmethyleneamino)-3′,6′-dihydroxylspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one-methanol (1/1), C31H29N3O7
  70. The crystal structure of 5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine-6,11-dione, C14H9NO2
  71. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C19H14F4O2
  72. The crystal structure of N-(2-methoxy-4,5-bis[phenylselanyl]phenyl)picolinamide, C25H20N2O2Se2
  73. The crystal structure of (E)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1- carboxamide monohydrate, C14H14BrN3O3
  74. Crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl-(nitrato-k1O)-bis(pyridine-κN)-rhenium, C13H10O6N3Re
  75. Crystal structure of (E)-2-(((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)-3′,6′-dihydroxyspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one — methanol (1/2), C27H25N3O6
  76. The crystal structure of 4-amino-N′-(4-aminobenzoyl)benzohydrazide monohydrate, C14H16N4O3
  77. Crystal structure of bis(amino(carbamothioylamino)methaniminium) 5-hydroxyisophthalate monohydrate, C12H20N8O6S2
  78. The crystal structure of 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, C6H6ClN
  79. The crystal structure of 1-bromo-4-iodo-benzene, C6H4BrI
  80. The crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitro-phenol, C8H9NO3
  81. The crystal structure of 3-chloropropionic acid, C3H5ClO2
  82. The crystal structure of 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, C9H10O3
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