Startseite Medizin Significance of nucleic acid positive anal swab in COVID-19 patients
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Significance of nucleic acid positive anal swab in COVID-19 patients

  • Xiaoli Li , Lei Rong , Peiyan Zhang , Jian Xu EMAIL logo und Yan Rong EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 23. Februar 2021
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Aus der Zeitschrift Open Medicine Band 16 Heft 1

Abstract

Aim

We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative anal swabs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery and investigated the clinical significance and influence factors of anal swab detection.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 23 moderate COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase. They were divided into anal swab positive group (n = 13) (negative for pharyngeal swabs but positive for anal swabs) and anal swab negative group (n = 10) (negative for pharyngeal and anal swabs). The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, and laboratory results were compared.

Results

The time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative in the anal swab positive group was 6 (5–8.5) days, significantly longer than that in the anal swab negative group (1 (1–4.25) days), P = 0.0002). The platelet count of the anal swab positive group was significantly lower than that of the anal swab negative group (198 (135–235) × 109/L vs 240.5 (227–264.75) × 109/L, P = 0.0248). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in other variables.

Conclusions

The time of pharyngeal swab turning negative in anal swab positive patients is longer than that in anal swab negative patients. The platelet count can be used as an indicator for viral infection evaluation. For patients with a longer time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, the combined testing of the anal swab and platelet counts may help to avoid pharyngeal swab false negatives, premature discharge, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission.

Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019; anal swab; pharyngeal swab; platelet count

1 Introduction

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first found in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 [1]. It is highly contagious and currently circulating worldwide. As of June 28, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 1 billion infections and a cumulative death toll of more than 5,00,000. Its main transmission route is respiratory droplet transmission and contact transmission [2]. It has been confirmed that the RNA fragments of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the fecal specimens and anal swabs of COVID-19 patients [3,4,5,6,7]. Additionally, the gastrointestinal tissue samples of COVID-19 infected patients are also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 [7]. It is also observed that after the patient’s pharyngeal swab became negative, the nucleic acid test of the fecal samples was still positive and that the median time for viral shedding from feces after the pharyngeal swab turned negative was 7 days [7]. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in feces only from the 5th day of infection, and the positive rate gradually increases over time, reaching a peak on the 11th day [8]. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments can still be detected in the feces of a small number of people after 30 days of infection [8]. These studies suggest the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19, and that detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can also be performed in anal swabs.

Clinically, the negative pharyngeal swab is used as the standard to rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the pharyngeal swab negative for two consecutive times of more than 24 h apart is used as the standard for discharge [9]. However, the results of pharyngeal swabs can be falsely negative due to the non-standard sampling method or sampling site and low viral load. The results of the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test may not truly reflect the viral load in the body, especially in patients with convalescence and asymptomatic infections [10]. Thus, supplementary methods for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection are necessary. As mentioned above, SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments can be detected in fecal samples. Although the fecal samples of COVID-19 patients are not available at any time, the anal swab is feasible for nucleic acid detection. The anal swab is used as a supplementary method to pharyngeal swab in detecting SARS-CoV-2 [11].

In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 anal swabs and explored the clinical significance and possible influence factors of anal swab detection of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients during recovery.

2 Material and methods

2.1 Study design and patients

This study is a retrospective study. We enrolled 23 moderate COVID-19 patients who were in the recovery phase and were hospitalized in the Hezheng ward of Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from February 11, 2020, to March 5, 2020. They were transferred from Shenzhen Third People’s hospital when two consecutive times of pharyngeal swab more than 24 h were negative and vital signs were stable. Moderate COVID-19 was defined when there were symptoms of fever and respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, running nose, and features of pneumonia on imaging. Diagnostic criteria and therapy for COVID-19 were according National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Diagnostic and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (trial fifth Edition) [9]. During the observation, pharyngeal swabs and anal swabs were reviewed at the same time every 3–5 days, and relevant laboratory tests were reviewed regularly. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with obvious dysfunction of heart, liver, kidney, and brain organs were excluded. According to the anal swab test results, patients were divided into anal swab positive group (n = 13) and anal swab negative group (n = 10).

2.2 Data collection

Patients’ basic information, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms (including medical history, comorbidities, physical signs, gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea), etc.), time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid turning negative, as well as results of laboratory tests, including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils percentage (NEUT%), lymphocyte percentage (LYMPH%), lymphocyte absolute value (LYMPH #), platelet count (PLT), D-dimer, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), activation partial thrombin time (APTT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and days of chest CT absorption greater than 50%, were obtained from the electronic medical records.

2.3 Laboratory examination

Pharyngeal swabs and anal swabs of patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. Laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was performed by the clinical laboratory in Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University. The RT-PCR assay was conducted in accordance with the protocol established by the WHO [12].

2.4 Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Data were expressed as the median and interquartile range or n (%). The comparison of measurement data was conducted using a non-parametric test of two independent sample t-tests. The count data were analyzed by the chi-square test or Fisher exact tests. The continuous variables of non-normal distribution were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

  1. Ethics statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University (NYSZYYEC20200017). The data were anonymous and thus the requirement for informed consent was therefore waived.

3 Results

3.1 Demographics and baseline characteristics

The demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data of the COVID-19 patients are shown in Table 1. Among the 23 patients, 13 were in the anal swab positive group, including 6 males and 7 females, with a median age of 25.0 (6.34–43.5) years old. Among these 13 patients, there were 4 pediatric patients. Their ages were 5.58 years (5 years and 7 months), 6.43 years (6 years and 5 months), 2.83 years (2 years and 10 months), and 6.25 years (6 years and 3 months). There were 6 males and 4 females in the anal swab negative group, and their median age was 34.0 (24.50–56.75) years old. Of the 13 patients with positive anal swab results, 10 (76.92%) had a history of travel or residence in Wuhan and 6 (46.15%) had a history of contact with COVID patients. In the anal swab negative group (n = 10), 5 patients (50.0%) had a history of travel or residence in Wuhan and 2 (20.0%) had a history of contact with COVID patients. The difference between the two groups in epidemiology was not statistically significant (P = 0.398) (Table 1).

Table 1

Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data of COVID-19 patients

Items Anal swab positive (n = 13) Anal swab negative (n = 10) χ 2 P value
Male 6 6 4.261 0.119
Female 7 4
Age (years) 25.0 (6.34–43.5) 34.0 (24.50–56.75) 0.101
Exposure history 12 (92.3%) 7 (70.0%) 0.713 0.398
History of Travel or residence in Wuhan, China 10 (76.92%) 5 (50.0%)
History of contact with COVID-19 patients 6 (46.15%) 2 (20.0%)
Combination 0 2 7.913 0.178
Hypertension 0 1
Diabetes 0 2
Symptoms
Fever 10 (76.92%) 6 (60.0%) 0.174 0.676
Cough 7 (53.85%) 3 (30.0%) 0.518 0.472
Throat discomfort 2 (15.38%) 1 (10.0%) 0.000 1.000
Diarrhea 2 (15.38%) 1 (10.0%) 0.000 1.000
Fatigue 10 (76.92%) 7 (70.0%) 0.000 1.000
Time of pharyngeal swab turning negative (days) 6 (5–8.5) 1 (1–4.25) 0.0002

Note: Data were expressed as the median and interquartile range or n (%). Comparison of measurement data was conducted using a non-parametric test of two independent sample t-tests. Count data were analyzed by the chi-square test or Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables of non-normal distribution were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3.2 Symptoms and time of pharyngeal swab turning negative

As shown in Table 1, of the 13 anal swab positive patients, 10 (76.92%) had fever, 7 (53.85%) had cough, 10 (76.92%) had fatigue, 2 (15.38%) had throat discomfort, and 2 (15.38%) had diarrhea. Of the 10 anal swab negative patients, 6 (60%) had fever, 3 (30%) had cough, 7 (70%) had fatigue, 1 (10%) had throat discomfort, and 1 (10%) had diarrhea. The clinical symptoms of fever, fatigue, cough, throat discomfort, and diarrhea between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). None of the included patients had the gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. One anal swab negative patient had decreased appetite. The time of pharyngeal swab turning negative was 6 (5–8.5) days in the anal swab positive group, significantly longer than that in the anal swab negative group (1 (1–4.25) days) (P = 0.0002) (Table 1 and Figure 1a).

Figure 1 Comparison of time of pharyngeal swab turning negative and platelet counts between anal swab positive group and anal swab negative group. (a) Time of pharyngeal swab turning negative (days). (b) Platelet counts.
Figure 1

Comparison of time of pharyngeal swab turning negative and platelet counts between anal swab positive group and anal swab negative group. (a) Time of pharyngeal swab turning negative (days). (b) Platelet counts.

3.3 Laboratory test results

The contents of WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, PLT, D-dimer, ALT, AST, APTT, and CRP and the time of chest CT absorption greater than 50% were also analyzed (Table 2). We found that the results of WBC, NEUT, LYMPH, D-dimer, ALT, AST, APTT, CRP, and time of chest CT absorption greater than 50% showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The PLT in the anal swab positive group was 198 (135–235) × 109/L, significantly lower than that in the anal swab negative group 240.5 (227–264.75) (P = 0.0248) (Table 2 and Figure 1b).

Table 2

Comparison of laboratory results of COVID-19 patients

Laboratory test results Anal swab positive (n = 13) Anal swab negative (n = 10) P value
WBC (×109/L) 5.06 (4.26–5.54) 6.07 (4.34–6.83) 0.239
NEUT% 55.3 (47.35–65.9) 52.5 (47.54–61.13) 0.901
LYMPH% 33.4 (22.6–41) 31.4 (25.6–41.05) 0.852
LYMPH# (×109/L) 1.28 (1.10–3.77) 1.72 (1.37–2.54) 0.410
PLT (×109/L) 198 (135–235) 240.5 (227–264.75) 0.0248
ALT (U/L) 15.1 (12.5–28.25) 28.5 (15.5–49.25) 0.186
AST (U/L) 32.3 (22.5–40) 25 (20–28) 0.148
APTT (s) 34.7 (33.35–38.6) 36.25 (27.58–42.68) 0.784
CRP (mg/L) 3.83 (0.92–19.55) 1.74 (0.56–3.99) 0.193
D-dimers (μg/ml) 0.38 (0.29–0.71) 0.35 (0.22–0.68) 0.247
Chest CT absorption >50% (days) 10 (6–12) 9.5 (3.5–12) 0.428

Note: WBC, white blood cell; NEUT%, neutrophils percentage; LYMPH%, lymphocyte percentage; LYMPH#, lymphocyte absolute value; PLT, platelet count; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; APTT, activation partial thrombin time; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Data were expressed as the median and interquartile range. Comparison of measurement data was conducted using a non-parametric test of two independent sample t-tests. Count data were analyzed by the chi-square test or Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables of non-normal distribution were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

4 Discussion

Common clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 include fever, cough, fatigue, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Compared with mild patients, about 10% of severe patients have diarrhea and nausea 1–2 days before the onset of fever and respiratory symptoms [13,14]. It is suggested that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [15]. ACE2 is highly expressed not only in type II alveolar epithelial cells and esophageal epithelial cells but also in absorptive intestinal epithelial cells of the ileum and colon [16]. This study observed that both groups of patients had fever, cough, throat discomfort, and diarrhea, but there was no significant statistical difference in fever, fatigue, cough, throat discomfort, and diarrhea between the two groups. However, the small sample size was relatively small, and further studies are needed to verify this result.

The data of this study showed that 84.6% of anal swab positive patients mainly had fever or respiratory symptoms, while only 15.4% of them had diarrhea, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in anal swabs or fecal samples of COVID-19 patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. A study performed dynamic monitoring of the COVID-19 nucleic acid in the blood, pharyngeal swab, and anal swab in 39 COVID-19 hospitalized patients [3]. It was found that after several days of treatment, there were still 8 cases positive for a pharyngeal swab and 4 cases positive for an anal swab. The study also found that the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test was negative, whereas the anal swab or blood sample nucleic acid test was positive. On the first day, 50% of patients had a positive pharyngeal swab, and 25% of patients had a positive anal swab. However, by day 5, the positive rate of pharyngeal swab decreased to 25%, while the positive rate of anal swab rose to 37.5%. These results imply that the positive rate of nucleic acid in pharyngeal swabs in the early stage of infection is higher, while in the late stage of infection, the positive rate of anal swabs is higher than that in pharyngeal swabs. Our study found that the absorption of the ground glass opacity of the lungs on chest CT was significantly improved by more than 50% after treatment. Nucleic acid tests of pharyngeal swabs were negative for many consecutive times, and thus, the patients met the discharge standards. After discharge, the patients were further observed for recovery at our hospital. Re-examination (every 3–5 days) during the recovery period showed that the pharyngeal swab was negative, but the anal swab was positive in some patients, suggesting that the virus may still be actively replicated in the gastrointestinal tract after the respiratory tract is cleared. Therefore, anal swab detection has important epidemiological significance for the management of COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase.

We found that the time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative in the anal swab positive group was 6 (5–8.5) days, significantly longer than that in the anal swab negative group (1(1–4.5) days) (P = 0.0002). However, the comparison of epidemiology of anal swab positive and anal swab negative groups (including patients with close contact with COVID-19) was not statistically significant. This suggests that epidemiology history is not an influencing factor of a positive anal swab. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 could be isolated from the feces of patients infected with COVID-19. However, WU’s research team [8] and Roman’s research team [17] did not isolate the virus from the fecal samples of patients. This inconsistency may be related to the type of the included patients. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill or severe patients may be much higher than that in mild patients [18]. A systematic literature review, which included 26 articles on positive stool SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, was conducted [19]. The results showed that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in stool samples of COVID-19 patients was high, with 53.9% of fecal RNA was positive. The duration of fecal virus shedding was 1–33 days after a negative nasopharyngeal swab, and one of the results even remained positive 47 days after the onset of symptoms. Thus, further isolation is needed to observe whether the viral shedding is still in progress.

This study found that the PLT of patients in the anal swab positive group was lower than that in the anal swab negative group. It is suggested that during viral infections, platelet activity is increased [20]. Platelets can be activated by viral antigen-antibody complexes [21], and B lymphocytes also produce anti-platelet antibodies to certain viruses [22]. These processes that promote platelet activation will cause increased platelet consumption and clearance, leading to a reduction in PLT. However, the fastest way to destroy platelets is through the direct interaction between platelets and viruses [23]. It has also been found that decreased PLT is inversely proportional to the risk of death and acute respiratory failure [24]. Thus, PLT may be used as an indicator for evaluating viral infection.

The findings of this study have to be seen in the light of some limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small, which may lead to bias in the results. Larger sample size would help to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Second, since RT-PCR detects only nucleic acid fragments of SARS-CoV-2, whether there is still a live virus in the body still needs further investigation. Third, the nucleic acid of pharyngeal swabs and anal swabs were not tested quantitatively. If they were, the relationship between them and PLT would be clearer. Further study is warranted.

5 Conclusion

In conclusion, for patients with a longer time of pharyngeal swab turning negative, it is highly recommended to be careful to use negative pharyngeal swabs as a discharge standard. The decrease of PLT in COVID-19 patients may be related to the viral load and the destruction of platelets by the virus. Therefore, PLT may be used as a reference indicator to evaluate the viral infection. For patients with a longer time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, positive anal swabs is still possible. Combining PLT with anal swab testing may reduce the risk of premature discharge due to false-negative pharyngeal swab and the possible fecal-oral transmission.

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  1. Funding: This work was supported by Health, Population, and Family Planning Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (No. SZFZ2017060).

  2. Conflict of interest: All authors declare no competing interests.

  3. Data availability statements: All data generated are within the manuscript.

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Received: 2020-09-29
Revised: 2021-01-26
Accepted: 2021-01-26
Published Online: 2021-02-23

© 2021 Xiaoli Li et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  70. FGF16 regulated by miR-520b enhances the cell proliferation of lung cancer
  71. Platelet-rich fibrin: Basics of biological actions and protocol modifications
  72. Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer using logistic regression
  73. miR-377 inhibition enhances the survival of trophoblast cells via upregulation of FNDC5 in gestational diabetes mellitus
  74. Prognostic significance of TRIM28 expression in patients with breast carcinoma
  75. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of KPNA2 in six major human cancers
  76. Exosomal-mediated transfer of OIP5-AS1 enhanced cell chemoresistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer via up-regulating HMGB3 by sponging miR-381-3p
  77. A four-lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis of recurrence patients with gastric cancer
  78. Knockdown of circ_0003204 alleviates oxidative low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury: Circulating RNAs could explain atherosclerosis disease progression
  79. Propofol postpones colorectal cancer development through circ_0026344/miR-645/Akt/mTOR signal pathway
  80. Knockdown of lncRNA TapSAKI alleviates LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells through the miR-205/IRF3 pathway
  81. COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use
  82. Clinical analysis of 11 cases of nocardiosis
  83. Cis-regulatory elements in conserved non-coding sequences of nuclear receptor genes indicate for crosstalk between endocrine systems
  84. Four long noncoding RNAs act as biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma
  85. Real-world evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with bendamustine-containing regimens
  86. Relation between IL-8 level and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
  87. circAGFG1 sponges miR-28-5p to promote non-small-cell lung cancer progression through modulating HIF-1α level
  88. Nomogram prediction model for renal anaemia in IgA nephropathy patients
  89. Effect of antibiotic use on the efficacy of nivolumab in the treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
  90. NDRG2 inhibition facilitates angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
  91. A nomogram for predicting metabolic steatohepatitis: The combination of NAMPT, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1
  92. Clinical and prognostic features of MMP-2 and VEGF in AEG patients
  93. The value of miR-510 in the prognosis and development of colon cancer
  94. Functional implications of PABPC1 in the development of ovarian cancer
  95. Prognostic value of preoperative inflammation-based predictors in patients with bladder carcinoma after radical cystectomy
  96. Sublingual immunotherapy increases Treg/Th17 ratio in allergic rhinitis
  97. Prediction of improvement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
  98. Effluent Osteopontin levels reflect the peritoneal solute transport rate
  99. circ_0038467 promotes PM2.5-induced bronchial epithelial cell dysfunction
  100. Significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
  101. Association between hair cortisol concentration and metabolic syndrome
  102. Microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  103. Characteristics of BCR–ABL gene variants in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia
  104. Knee alterations in rheumatoid arthritis: Comparison of US and MRI
  105. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 aggravates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury by sponging miR-493-3p/miR-410-3p
  106. lncRNA MALAT1 regulated ATAD2 to facilitate retinoblastoma progression via miR-655-3p
  107. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A retrospective study
  108. Analysis of COVID-19 outbreak origin in China in 2019 using differentiation method for unusual epidemiological events
  109. Laparoscopic versus open major liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-matched analysis of short- and long-term outcomes
  110. Travelers’ vaccines and their adverse events in Nara, Japan
  111. Association between Tfh and PGA in children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura
  112. Can exchange transfusion be replaced by double-LED phototherapy?
  113. circ_0005962 functions as an oncogene to aggravate NSCLC progression
  114. Circular RNA VANGL1 knockdown suppressed viability, promoted apoptosis, and increased doxorubicin sensitivity through targeting miR-145-5p to regulate SOX4 in bladder cancer cells
  115. Serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 in healthy paediatric population
  116. Algorithm of rational approach to reconstruction in Fournier’s disease
  117. A meta-analysis of exosome in the treatment of spinal cord injury
  118. Src-1 and SP2 promote the proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  119. Dexmedetomidine may decrease the bupivacaine toxicity to heart
  120. Hypoxia stimulates the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma via up-regulating the NUSAP1 expression
  121. Long noncoding RNA XIST knockdown relieves the injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury by sponging miR-219-5p
  122. External fixation via the anterior inferior iliac spine for proximal femoral fractures in young patients
  123. miR-128-3p reduced acute lung injury induced by sepsis via targeting PEL12
  124. HAGLR promotes neuron differentiation through the miR-130a-3p-MeCP2 axis
  125. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 is elevated in serum of patients with heart failure and correlates with the disease severity and patient’s prognosis
  126. Cell population data in identifying active tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia
  127. Prognostic value of microRNA-4521 in non-small cell lung cancer and its regulatory effect on tumor progression
  128. Mean platelet volume and red blood cell distribution width is associated with prognosis in premature neonates with sepsis
  129. 3D-printed porous scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs
  130. Association of gene polymorphisms with women urinary incontinence
  131. Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels of urologic patients
  132. miR-496 inhibits proliferation via LYN and AKT pathway in gastric cancer
  133. miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development
  134. Comparison of single- and triple-port VATS for lung cancer: A meta-analysis
  135. Fluorescent light energy modulates healing in skin grafted mouse model
  136. Silencing CDK6-AS1 inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory damage in HK-2 cells
  137. Predictive effect of DCE-MRI and DWI in brain metastases from NSCLC
  138. Severe postoperative hyperbilirubinemia in congenital heart disease
  139. Baicalin improves podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
  140. Clinical factors predicting ureteral stent failure in patients with external ureteral compression
  141. Novel H2S donor proglumide-ADT-OH protects HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury through NF-κB and JAK/SATA pathway
  142. Triple-Endobutton and clavicular hook: A propensity score matching analysis
  143. Long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the activation of NF-κB pathway in high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells by the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis
  144. Serum exosomal miR-122-5p, GAS, and PGR in the non-invasive diagnosis of CAG
  145. miR-513b-5p inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells by targeting TRIB1
  146. Fer exacerbates renal fibrosis and can be targeted by miR-29c-3p
  147. The diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-92a in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Prognostic value of α2δ1 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study
  149. No significant benefit of moderate-dose vitamin C on severe COVID-19 cases
  150. circ_0000467 promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p
  151. Downregulation of RAB7 and Caveolin-1 increases MMP-2 activity in renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions
  152. Educational program for orthopedic surgeons’ influences for osteoporosis
  153. Expression and function analysis of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  154. GJA1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by mediating TGF-β-induced activation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells
  155. lncRNA-ZFAS1 promotes the progression of endometrial carcinoma by targeting miR-34b to regulate VEGFA expression
  156. Anticoagulation is the answer in treating noncritical COVID-19 patients
  157. Effect of late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis on PFS after haplo-PBSCT
  158. Comparison of Dako HercepTest and Ventana PATHWAY anti-HER2 (4B5) tests and their correlation with silver in situ hybridization in lung adenocarcinoma
  159. VSTM1 regulates monocyte/macrophage function via the NF-κB signaling pathway
  160. Comparison of vaginal birth outcomes in midwifery-led versus physician-led setting: A propensity score-matched analysis
  161. Treatment of osteoporosis with teriparatide: The Slovenian experience
  162. New targets of morphine postconditioning protection of the myocardium in ischemia/reperfusion injury: Involvement of HSP90/Akt and C5a/NF-κB
  163. Superenhancer–transcription factor regulatory network in malignant tumors
  164. β-Cell function is associated with osteosarcopenia in middle-aged and older nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  165. Clinical features of atypical tuberculosis mimicking bacterial pneumonia
  166. Proteoglycan-depleted regions of annular injury promote nerve ingrowth in a rabbit disc degeneration model
  167. Effect of electromagnetic field on abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  168. miR-150-5p affects AS plaque with ASMC proliferation and migration by STAT1
  169. MALAT1 promotes malignant pleural mesothelioma by sponging miR-141-3p
  170. Effects of remifentanil and propofol on distant organ lung injury in an ischemia–reperfusion model
  171. miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway
  172. Identification of LIG1 and LIG3 as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
  173. MitoQ inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy
  174. Dissecting role of founder mutation p.V727M in GNE in Indian HIBM cohort
  175. circATP2A2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by upregulating MYH9
  176. Prognostic role of oxytocin receptor in colon adenocarcinoma
  177. Review Articles
  178. The function of non-coding RNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  179. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in stiff person syndrome
  180. Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review
  181. Small cell lung cancer transformation during antitumor therapies: A systematic review
  182. Research progress of gut microbiota and frailty syndrome
  183. Recommendations for outpatient activity in COVID-19 pandemic
  184. Rapid Communication
  185. Disparity in clinical characteristics between 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and leptospirosis
  186. Use of microspheres in embolization for unruptured renal angiomyolipomas
  187. COVID-19 cases with delayed absorption of lung lesion
  188. A triple combination of treatments on moderate COVID-19
  189. Social networks and eating disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic
  190. Letter
  191. COVID-19, WHO guidelines, pedagogy, and respite
  192. Inflammatory factors in alveolar lavage fluid from severe COVID-19 pneumonia: PCT and IL-6 in epithelial lining fluid
  193. COVID-19: Lessons from Norway tragedy must be considered in vaccine rollout planning in least developed/developing countries
  194. What is the role of plasma cell in the lamina propria of terminal ileum in Good’s syndrome patient?
  195. Case Report
  196. Rivaroxaban triggered multifocal intratumoral hemorrhage of the cabozantinib-treated diffuse brain metastases: A case report and review of literature
  197. CTU findings of duplex kidney in kidney: A rare duplicated renal malformation
  198. Synchronous primary malignancy of colon cancer and mantle cell lymphoma: A case report
  199. Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography and pathologic characters of CD68 positive cell in primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors: A case report and literature review
  200. Persistent SARS-CoV-2-positive over 4 months in a COVID-19 patient with CHB
  201. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement caused by Tropheryma whipplei
  202. Mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor: A case report and literature review
  203. Ovarian female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin – Case report
  204. Rare paratesticular aggressive angiomyxoma mimicking an epididymal tumor in an 82-year-old man: Case report
  205. Perimenopausal giant hydatidiform mole complicated with preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism: A case report and literature review
  206. Primary orbital ganglioneuroblastoma: A case report
  207. Primary aortic intimal sarcoma masquerading as intramural hematoma
  208. Sustained false-positive results for hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M: A case report and literature review
  209. Peritoneal loose body presenting as a hepatic mass: A case report and review of the literature
  210. Chondroblastoma of mandibular condyle: Case report and literature review
  211. Trauma-induced complete pacemaker lead fracture 8 months prior to hospitalization: A case report
  212. Primary intradural extramedullary extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PIEES/PNET) of the thoracolumbar spine: A case report and literature review
  213. Computer-assisted preoperative planning of reduction of and osteosynthesis of scapular fracture: A case report
  214. High quality of 58-month life in lung cancer patient with brain metastases sequentially treated with gefitinib and osimertinib
  215. Rapid response of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma to apatinib: A case report
  216. Retrieval of intrarenal coiled and ruptured guidewire by retrograde intrarenal surgery: A case report and literature review
  217. Usage of intermingled skin allografts and autografts in a senior patient with major burn injury
  218. Retraction
  219. Retraction on “Dihydromyricetin attenuates inflammation through TLR4/NF-kappa B pathway”
  220. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part I
  221. An artificial immune system with bootstrap sampling for the diagnosis of recurrent endometrial cancers
  222. Breast cancer recurrence prediction with ensemble methods and cost-sensitive learning
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2021-0236
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
coronavirus disease 2019; anal swab; pharyngeal swab; platelet count
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Identification of ZG16B as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
  3. Behçet’s disease with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
  4. Erratum
  5. Erratum to “Suffering from Cerebral Small Vessel Disease with and without Metabolic Syndrome”
  6. Research Articles
  7. GPR37 promotes the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma via TGF-β/Smad pathway
  8. Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
  9. Additional baricitinib loading dose improves clinical outcome in COVID-19
  10. The co-treatment of rosuvastatin with dapagliflozin synergistically inhibited apoptosis via activating the PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury rats
  11. SLC12A8 plays a key role in bladder cancer progression and EMT
  12. LncRNA ATXN8OS enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
  13. Case Report
  14. Serratia marcescens as a cause of unfavorable outcome in the twin pregnancy
  15. Spleno-adrenal fusion mimicking an adrenal metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma: A case report and embryological background
  16. Research Articles
  17. TRIM25 contributes to the malignancy of acute myeloid leukemia and is negatively regulated by microRNA-137
  18. CircRNA circ_0004370 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits cell apoptosis of esophageal cancer via miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis
  19. LncRNA XIST regulates atherosclerosis progression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs
  20. Potential role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in sepsis prediction of preterm neonates
  21. Rapid Communication
  22. COVID-19 vaccine: Call for employees in international transportation industries and international travelers as the first priority in global distribution
  23. Case Report
  24. Rare squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney with concurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report and review of the literature
  25. An infertile female delivered a baby after removal of primary renal carcinoid tumor
  26. Research Articles
  27. Hypertension, BMI, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
  28. Case Report
  29. Coexistence of bilateral macular edema and pale optic disc in the patient with Cohen syndrome
  30. Research Articles
  31. Correlation between kinematic sagittal parameters of the cervical lordosis or head posture and disc degeneration in patients with posterior neck pain
  32. Review Articles
  33. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung: An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
  34. Research Articles
  35. Thermography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
  36. Pemetrexed-based first-line chemotherapy had particularly prominent objective response rate for advanced NSCLC: A network meta-analysis
  37. Comparison of single and double autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients
  38. The influence of smoking in minimally invasive spinal fusion surgery
  39. Impact of body mass index on left atrial dimension in HOCM patients
  40. Expression and clinical significance of CMTM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
  41. miR-142-5p promotes cervical cancer progression by targeting LMX1A through Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  42. Comparison of multiple flatfoot indicators in 5–8-year-old children
  43. Early MRI imaging and follow-up study in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
  44. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a biomarker for the diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction: A meta-analysis
  45. miR-128-3p inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced sepsis by targeting TGFBR2
  46. Dynamic perfusion CT – A promising tool to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
  47. Biomechanical evaluation of self-cinching stitch techniques in rotator cuff repair: The single-loop and double-loop knot stitches
  48. Review Articles
  49. The ambiguous role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in human immunity
  50. Case Report
  51. Membranous nephropathy with pulmonary cryptococcosis with improved 1-year follow-up results: A case report
  52. Fertility problems in males carrying an inversion of chromosome 10
  53. Acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic pleural effusion and high levels of pleural adenosine deaminase: A case report and review of literature
  54. Metastatic renal Ewing’s sarcoma in adult woman: Case report and review of the literature
  55. Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration in a patient with AIDS and a patient without AIDS: Two cases reports and literature review
  56. Skull hemophilia pseudotumor: A case report
  57. Judicious use of low-dosage corticosteroids for non-severe COVID-19: A case report
  58. Adult-onset citrullinaemia type II with liver cirrhosis: A rare cause of hyperammonaemia
  59. Clinicopathologic features of Good’s syndrome: Two cases and literature review
  60. Fatal immune-related hepatitis with intrahepatic cholestasis and pneumonia associated with camrelizumab: A case report and literature review
  61. Research Articles
  62. Effects of hydroxyethyl starch and gelatin on the risk of acute kidney injury following orthotopic liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective comparative clinical study
  63. Significance of nucleic acid positive anal swab in COVID-19 patients
  64. circAPLP2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by upregulating HELLS by targeting miR-335-5p
  65. Ratios between circulating myeloid cells and lymphocytes are associated with mortality in severe COVID-19 patients
  66. Risk factors of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
  67. Clinical features of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 compared with a normotensive group: Single-center experience in China
  68. Surgical myocardial revascularization outcomes in Kawasaki disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
  69. Decreased chromobox homologue 7 expression is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis in cervical cancer
  70. FGF16 regulated by miR-520b enhances the cell proliferation of lung cancer
  71. Platelet-rich fibrin: Basics of biological actions and protocol modifications
  72. Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer using logistic regression
  73. miR-377 inhibition enhances the survival of trophoblast cells via upregulation of FNDC5 in gestational diabetes mellitus
  74. Prognostic significance of TRIM28 expression in patients with breast carcinoma
  75. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of KPNA2 in six major human cancers
  76. Exosomal-mediated transfer of OIP5-AS1 enhanced cell chemoresistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer via up-regulating HMGB3 by sponging miR-381-3p
  77. A four-lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis of recurrence patients with gastric cancer
  78. Knockdown of circ_0003204 alleviates oxidative low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury: Circulating RNAs could explain atherosclerosis disease progression
  79. Propofol postpones colorectal cancer development through circ_0026344/miR-645/Akt/mTOR signal pathway
  80. Knockdown of lncRNA TapSAKI alleviates LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells through the miR-205/IRF3 pathway
  81. COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use
  82. Clinical analysis of 11 cases of nocardiosis
  83. Cis-regulatory elements in conserved non-coding sequences of nuclear receptor genes indicate for crosstalk between endocrine systems
  84. Four long noncoding RNAs act as biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma
  85. Real-world evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with bendamustine-containing regimens
  86. Relation between IL-8 level and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
  87. circAGFG1 sponges miR-28-5p to promote non-small-cell lung cancer progression through modulating HIF-1α level
  88. Nomogram prediction model for renal anaemia in IgA nephropathy patients
  89. Effect of antibiotic use on the efficacy of nivolumab in the treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
  90. NDRG2 inhibition facilitates angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
  91. A nomogram for predicting metabolic steatohepatitis: The combination of NAMPT, RALGDS, GADD45B, FOSL2, RTP3, and RASD1
  92. Clinical and prognostic features of MMP-2 and VEGF in AEG patients
  93. The value of miR-510 in the prognosis and development of colon cancer
  94. Functional implications of PABPC1 in the development of ovarian cancer
  95. Prognostic value of preoperative inflammation-based predictors in patients with bladder carcinoma after radical cystectomy
  96. Sublingual immunotherapy increases Treg/Th17 ratio in allergic rhinitis
  97. Prediction of improvement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
  98. Effluent Osteopontin levels reflect the peritoneal solute transport rate
  99. circ_0038467 promotes PM2.5-induced bronchial epithelial cell dysfunction
  100. Significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
  101. Association between hair cortisol concentration and metabolic syndrome
  102. Microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  103. Characteristics of BCR–ABL gene variants in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia
  104. Knee alterations in rheumatoid arthritis: Comparison of US and MRI
  105. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 aggravates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury by sponging miR-493-3p/miR-410-3p
  106. lncRNA MALAT1 regulated ATAD2 to facilitate retinoblastoma progression via miR-655-3p
  107. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A retrospective study
  108. Analysis of COVID-19 outbreak origin in China in 2019 using differentiation method for unusual epidemiological events
  109. Laparoscopic versus open major liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-matched analysis of short- and long-term outcomes
  110. Travelers’ vaccines and their adverse events in Nara, Japan
  111. Association between Tfh and PGA in children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura
  112. Can exchange transfusion be replaced by double-LED phototherapy?
  113. circ_0005962 functions as an oncogene to aggravate NSCLC progression
  114. Circular RNA VANGL1 knockdown suppressed viability, promoted apoptosis, and increased doxorubicin sensitivity through targeting miR-145-5p to regulate SOX4 in bladder cancer cells
  115. Serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 in healthy paediatric population
  116. Algorithm of rational approach to reconstruction in Fournier’s disease
  117. A meta-analysis of exosome in the treatment of spinal cord injury
  118. Src-1 and SP2 promote the proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  119. Dexmedetomidine may decrease the bupivacaine toxicity to heart
  120. Hypoxia stimulates the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma via up-regulating the NUSAP1 expression
  121. Long noncoding RNA XIST knockdown relieves the injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury by sponging miR-219-5p
  122. External fixation via the anterior inferior iliac spine for proximal femoral fractures in young patients
  123. miR-128-3p reduced acute lung injury induced by sepsis via targeting PEL12
  124. HAGLR promotes neuron differentiation through the miR-130a-3p-MeCP2 axis
  125. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 is elevated in serum of patients with heart failure and correlates with the disease severity and patient’s prognosis
  126. Cell population data in identifying active tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia
  127. Prognostic value of microRNA-4521 in non-small cell lung cancer and its regulatory effect on tumor progression
  128. Mean platelet volume and red blood cell distribution width is associated with prognosis in premature neonates with sepsis
  129. 3D-printed porous scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs
  130. Association of gene polymorphisms with women urinary incontinence
  131. Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels of urologic patients
  132. miR-496 inhibits proliferation via LYN and AKT pathway in gastric cancer
  133. miR-519d downregulates LEP expression to inhibit preeclampsia development
  134. Comparison of single- and triple-port VATS for lung cancer: A meta-analysis
  135. Fluorescent light energy modulates healing in skin grafted mouse model
  136. Silencing CDK6-AS1 inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory damage in HK-2 cells
  137. Predictive effect of DCE-MRI and DWI in brain metastases from NSCLC
  138. Severe postoperative hyperbilirubinemia in congenital heart disease
  139. Baicalin improves podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
  140. Clinical factors predicting ureteral stent failure in patients with external ureteral compression
  141. Novel H2S donor proglumide-ADT-OH protects HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury through NF-κB and JAK/SATA pathway
  142. Triple-Endobutton and clavicular hook: A propensity score matching analysis
  143. Long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the activation of NF-κB pathway in high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells by the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis
  144. Serum exosomal miR-122-5p, GAS, and PGR in the non-invasive diagnosis of CAG
  145. miR-513b-5p inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells by targeting TRIB1
  146. Fer exacerbates renal fibrosis and can be targeted by miR-29c-3p
  147. The diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-92a in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Prognostic value of α2δ1 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study
  149. No significant benefit of moderate-dose vitamin C on severe COVID-19 cases
  150. circ_0000467 promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p
  151. Downregulation of RAB7 and Caveolin-1 increases MMP-2 activity in renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions
  152. Educational program for orthopedic surgeons’ influences for osteoporosis
  153. Expression and function analysis of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  154. GJA1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by mediating TGF-β-induced activation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells
  155. lncRNA-ZFAS1 promotes the progression of endometrial carcinoma by targeting miR-34b to regulate VEGFA expression
  156. Anticoagulation is the answer in treating noncritical COVID-19 patients
  157. Effect of late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis on PFS after haplo-PBSCT
  158. Comparison of Dako HercepTest and Ventana PATHWAY anti-HER2 (4B5) tests and their correlation with silver in situ hybridization in lung adenocarcinoma
  159. VSTM1 regulates monocyte/macrophage function via the NF-κB signaling pathway
  160. Comparison of vaginal birth outcomes in midwifery-led versus physician-led setting: A propensity score-matched analysis
  161. Treatment of osteoporosis with teriparatide: The Slovenian experience
  162. New targets of morphine postconditioning protection of the myocardium in ischemia/reperfusion injury: Involvement of HSP90/Akt and C5a/NF-κB
  163. Superenhancer–transcription factor regulatory network in malignant tumors
  164. β-Cell function is associated with osteosarcopenia in middle-aged and older nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  165. Clinical features of atypical tuberculosis mimicking bacterial pneumonia
  166. Proteoglycan-depleted regions of annular injury promote nerve ingrowth in a rabbit disc degeneration model
  167. Effect of electromagnetic field on abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  168. miR-150-5p affects AS plaque with ASMC proliferation and migration by STAT1
  169. MALAT1 promotes malignant pleural mesothelioma by sponging miR-141-3p
  170. Effects of remifentanil and propofol on distant organ lung injury in an ischemia–reperfusion model
  171. miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway
  172. Identification of LIG1 and LIG3 as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer
  173. MitoQ inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy
  174. Dissecting role of founder mutation p.V727M in GNE in Indian HIBM cohort
  175. circATP2A2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by upregulating MYH9
  176. Prognostic role of oxytocin receptor in colon adenocarcinoma
  177. Review Articles
  178. The function of non-coding RNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  179. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in stiff person syndrome
  180. Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review
  181. Small cell lung cancer transformation during antitumor therapies: A systematic review
  182. Research progress of gut microbiota and frailty syndrome
  183. Recommendations for outpatient activity in COVID-19 pandemic
  184. Rapid Communication
  185. Disparity in clinical characteristics between 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and leptospirosis
  186. Use of microspheres in embolization for unruptured renal angiomyolipomas
  187. COVID-19 cases with delayed absorption of lung lesion
  188. A triple combination of treatments on moderate COVID-19
  189. Social networks and eating disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic
  190. Letter
  191. COVID-19, WHO guidelines, pedagogy, and respite
  192. Inflammatory factors in alveolar lavage fluid from severe COVID-19 pneumonia: PCT and IL-6 in epithelial lining fluid
  193. COVID-19: Lessons from Norway tragedy must be considered in vaccine rollout planning in least developed/developing countries
  194. What is the role of plasma cell in the lamina propria of terminal ileum in Good’s syndrome patient?
  195. Case Report
  196. Rivaroxaban triggered multifocal intratumoral hemorrhage of the cabozantinib-treated diffuse brain metastases: A case report and review of literature
  197. CTU findings of duplex kidney in kidney: A rare duplicated renal malformation
  198. Synchronous primary malignancy of colon cancer and mantle cell lymphoma: A case report
  199. Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography and pathologic characters of CD68 positive cell in primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors: A case report and literature review
  200. Persistent SARS-CoV-2-positive over 4 months in a COVID-19 patient with CHB
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Heruntergeladen am 29.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2021-0236/html
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