Startseite Naturwissenschaften LaCoO3 perovskite-type catalysts in syngas conversion
Artikel Open Access

LaCoO3 perovskite-type catalysts in syngas conversion

  • Gulim Danebaevna Jetpisbayeva EMAIL logo , Eugene Vladimirovich Dokuchits , Angelina Nikolaevna Tafilevich , Tatyana Petrovna Minyukova , Bakytgul Kabykenovna Massalimova und Vladislav Aleksandrovich Sadykov
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 26. Mai 2020
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 18 Heft 1

Abstract

LaCoO3 samples were obtained by the hydrothermal and citrate methods. The dynamics of the phase transformations of the initial hydroxo compounds into the oxide state and the subsequent reduction in a hydrogen-containing mixture were studied by the differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. The results of the catalytic tests in the syngas conversion showed that the path of conversion depends on the phase composition of the catalyst in the oxide state. In contrast to the standard CoAl sample, alcohols prevail in the liquid products formed on LaCoO3 catalysts.

Keywords: synthesis gas transformation; synthesis of alcohols

1 Introduction

One of the processes for producing synthetic liquid fuel and valuable chemical compounds based on non-petroleum feedstock (coal, natural gas, and biomass) is the synthesis of hydrocarbons and alcohols from syngas, proceeding with the participation of catalysts containing various transition metals [1,2,3,4]. Currently, much attention is paid to the selective conversion of syngas, in particular, the synthesis of linear hydrocarbons, solid linear paraffins (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis), and alcohols [5], which requires the development of catalysts with not only high activity and stability but also high selectivity with respect to the formation of certain hydrocarbon products. Application of perovskite-like oxides for these purposes is very promising [6], due to their high activity, stability, selectivity, and low cost.

There are several approaches to the preparation of catalysts with a high specific surface area based on the oxides of a perovskite structure. One of the possible ways is to fix the active component on the surface of an inert oxide or to introduce it into ceramic/cermet foamy supports [7]. Another method to obtain the sample of a high specific surface area is template synthesis, which includes the use of a high surface area template at the precursor compound formation stage [8].

This work is devoted to study the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the perovskite-type mixed LaCoO3 oxide synthesized by two ways: hydrothermal method, using ethylene glycol, and citrate method, using mesoporous silica KIT-6. The catalytic behavior of the synthesized samples differs from that of the reference CoAl Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst, prepared by the method described in [9]. LaCoO3/KIT-6 catalyst has a higher activity and selectivity toward higher alcohols than the bulk ones.

2 Methods

2.1 Catalyst preparation

The following reagents were used in this study: La(NO3)3·6H2O (chemically pure, Reakhim, TU 6-09-4676-83), Co(NO3)2·6H2O (pure, Reakhim, GOST 4528-78), NaOH (chemically pure, Ekros, GOST 4328-77), HNO3 (ultrapure, GOST-11125-84), ethylene glycol (chemically pure, Reakhim, GOST 19710-83), KIT-6 (ASC Material), citric acid (chemically pure, Ekros, GOST 36-52-69), and C2H5OH (Reakhim, GOST R 51999-2002).

Two LaCoO3 samples with different La:Co ratios were obtained by the hydrothermal method [10] in the presence of ethylene glycol. To obtain the first sample, LCO-1, 6 cmol of lanthanum nitrate and 6 cmol of cobalt nitrate were dissolved in 80 mL of water at room temperature. Then, 16 cmol of ethylene glycol was added to the solution and 120 mL of a 4 M sodium hydroxide solution was added next. The required amount of nitric acid was added to the above solution until pH = 10 was reached, and the solution was kept under stirring for 2 h. Then, the resulting suspension was kept in a closed vessel for 24 h at 100°C. The precipitate was washed on a filter paper with 5 L of distilled water and dried under an infrared lamp. After grinding, the obtained powder was successively calcined in air at 500°C for 3 h and then at 750°C for 4 h.

The second sample, LCO-2, was obtained in a similar way, and the amount of metal cations in this synthesis was 6 cmol of lanthanum and 8 cmol of cobalt. This ratio was chosen on the basis of the work of Kungurova et al. [9], affirming the possible incompleteness of cobalt precipitation under the synthesis conditions.

LaCoO3/KIT-6 (LCO/KIT-6) sample was obtained by the citrate method. In this case, 6 g of the mesoporous silica support KIT-6 [11] was suspended in 60 mL of distilled water, then 0.03 mol of cobalt nitrate, 3 cmol of lanthanum nitrate, 60 mL of ethanol, and 23.5 g of citric acid were added. Then, the suspension was slowly evaporated under continuous stirring at a temperature of 75°C until a thick gel was formed. The gel was dried at 90°C for 12 h and ground into powder. The obtained powder was subjected to heat treatment similar to that of the first two samples. Then, the main amount of KIT-6 silica was removed from the sample by dissolving it in 500 mL of a 7% NaOH solution at 75°C for 15 min. Then, the sample was filtered, washed on a filter paper with 8 L of distilled water at 75°C, and dried at 90°C.

2.2 Physicochemical studies

Chemical analysis of the cationic composition of the samples was carried out by the atomic emission spectroscopy with an Optima 4300 DV instrument from PerkinElmer.

The total accessible surface of the samples was calculated by the BET method using nitrogen adsorption isotherms obtained on an ASAP-2400 device from Micrometrics (USA) after training samples in a vacuum at 150°C.

The phase composition of the samples was determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on a D-8 diffractometer (Bruker) using Cu-Kα radiation by point scanning with an interval of 0.05° in the 2θ angle range from 20° to 80°.

To determine the thermal treatment conditions, thermal analysis (TA) of the dry and calcined samples was performed in air and in a flow of argon and hydrogen mixture (40 mL/min) at a heating rate of 10 K/min and 5 K/min, respectively. The study was performed on a Netzsch STA-409 thermograph.

Catalytic tests of the samples were performed on a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis setup under the following conditions: composition of the initial working mixture CO:H2:N2 was 3:6:1 (nitrogen as an internal standard), the mixture flow rate was 1 L/h, samples of 0.14/0.25 mm fraction were used, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) was 450/1000 h−1, temperature 240°C, and pressure 2 MPa. Before testing, the catalyst was activated in a hydrogen-containing mixture at 520°C. The temperature was selected based on the TA in a hydrogen-containing mixture. Selectivity was calculated as the portion of converted CO spent on a specific reaction product. For the target product groups (alcohols and higher paraffins), the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (αASF) parameter of the distribution of products along the chain length was calculated. A CoAl catalyst prepared according to the patent [12] was tested as a reference sample.

  1. Ethical approval: The research conducted is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

According to the results of the chemical analysis (Table 2), the content of lanthanum and cobalt in all the samples synthesized is close to the ratio specified in the synthesis; the sodium content does not exceed 0.06% mass, which cannot significantly affect the catalytic behavior.

Table 2

Results of the catalytic tests in the syngas conversion at a pressure of 2 MPa. S is the selectivity of CO consumption for the corresponding reaction products, X is the conversion of CO, Y is the yield of alcohols, αASF is the Anderson–Schulz–Flory parameter

LCO-1LCO-2LCO/KIT-6CoAl
Chemical composition, wt%La – 49.5La – 50La – 51.9—
Co – 21.1Co – 28.6Co – 22
Na – 0.05Na – 0.06Na – 0.05
Si – 8.1
Reaction temperature, °C240210
GHSV, h−11,0005904502,440
Gas flow rate, L/h1.01.01.04.7
S, m2/g9.510220116
dpores, Å37231215
XCO, %17206020
SCO2, %6330
SCH4, %33696
SC2–C8, %11975
SROH, %90426122
αASF, alcohols (ROH)0.320.320.430.46
YROH, mg/gcat·h57218072
Sparaffins, %0.2<0.12067
αASF, paraffins, C9–230.780.780.790.81
wH2O, % in alcohols fraction17492676

According to the XRD data (Figure 1), the obtained calcined samples are represented by the LaCoO3 perovskite phase (JCDD PDF2 00-025-1060) with the inclusion of the Co3O4 phase (JCDD PDF2 00-009-0418) and a small admixture of the La2O3 phase (JCDD PDF2 00-005-0602).

Figure 1 XRD of the synthesized samples after thermal treatment at 750°C.
Figure 1

XRD of the synthesized samples after thermal treatment at 750°C.

Figure 2 shows the thermal curves of the initial LCO-1 precursor sample recorded in air. The thermogravimetric curve (TG) demonstrates the weight loss with increasing temperature up to 750°C, subsequently the weight remains constant, which indicates decomposition of all precursor phases and formation of the LaCoO3 perovskite-type phase. A description of the observed thermal effects for the LCO-1 sample is given in Table 1.

Figure 2 Thermal curves of the initial LCO-1 sample in air.
Figure 2

Thermal curves of the initial LCO-1 sample in air.

Table 1

Observed thermal effects for the precursor sample LCO-1 in air

Temperature, °CIntended processRef.
<150Desorption of water—
20412Co(OH)2 + 2O2 → 4Co3O4 + 12H2O[13]
204–3455CoCO3·Co(OH)2 + O2 → 2Co3O4 + 5CO2 + 5H2O[14]
345La(OH)3 → LaOOH + H2O[15]
500–6002La(OH)CO3 → La2O2CO3 + H2O + CO2[16]
12LaOOH + 4Co3O4 + O2 → 12LaCoO3 + 6H2O[15]

Similar thermal curves were obtained for LCO-2. According to TA, the formation of LCO/KIT-6 sample is also completed at 700°C. Based on these results, the following heat treatment procedure was chosen: in air at 500°C for 3 h and at 750°C for 4 h.

In the thermal curves of sample reduction (Figure 3) in an argon + H2 mixture flow, two effects with significant mass loss are observed in the temperature range 320–550°C, apparently indicating the destruction of the LaCoO3 phase. Two exothermic effects are observed with maxima at 338 and 485°C, corresponding to step-by-step cobalt reduction: Co3+ → Co2+ → Co0 [9,17]. Samples LCO-2 and LCO-KIT-6 have similar thermal curves. According to the TA data, the temperature of the beginning of cobalt reduction for the LCO/KIT-6 and CoAl reference samples are 480°C and 520°C, respectively. Therefore, for a uniform activation procedure, a reduction temperature of 520°C was chosen for all samples. The results of the catalytic tests of the synthesized samples are shown in Table 2.

Figure 3 Thermal curves of LCO-1 sample in a mixture of argon + H2.
Figure 3

Thermal curves of LCO-1 sample in a mixture of argon + H2.

According to the results of the catalytic tests, the presented LaCoO3 samples have similar catalytic properties. At the same time, the catalytic properties of LaCoO3 samples differ from those of CoAl catalyst, first in selectivity to alcohols. The effect of lanthanum-containing oxide support on the catalytic properties leading to a significant increase in the selectivity for alcohols can be seen. The catalytic properties of LCO-2 sample are distinctly different from those of the rest samples, characterized by a higher selectivity for light hydrocarbons. This may be due to the difference in the state of metallic cobalt particles in this sample. During its synthesis, in accordance with the published data, an excess of cobalt with respect to lanthanum was added, which led to the formation of an admixture of Co3O4 phase. Probably, the cobalt particles resulting from the reduction of this phase are not decorated by the lanthanum-containing oxide support, which leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the sample for alcohols with the predominant formation of uninteresting light hydrocarbons. The XRD data (Figure 4) of LCO-1 and LCO-2 samples after catalytic testing show the formation of a considerable amount of cobalt carbide, especially in LCO-2 sample. LCO/KIT-6 sample is amorphous after use. The formation of cobalt carbide may be due to the Co0 particles not decorated by lanthanum oxide support. It is known that the formation of the La2O2CO3 oxide layer on the surface is a characteristic of La-containing catalysts [16], which suggests that some parts of the Co0 particles are decorated with lanthanum oxide. At the same time, the La-containing oxide support may activate CO2 and suppress the Boudouard reaction (2CO ↔ C + CO2), known to promote cobalt carbide formation [18]. The same αASF,ROH for the samples LCO-1 and LCO-2 indicates the absence of the effect of cobalt carbide on the shift in the distribution of alcohols, which does not confirm the proposed explanation in the literature [19,20].

Figure 4 XRD of samples after catalytic tests.
Figure 4

XRD of samples after catalytic tests.

The amount of hydrocarbons formed on LCO-1 and LCO/KIT-6, and, hence, the amount of water, is significantly less than that formed on the other two samples. Comparison of LCO-1 and LCO/KIT-6 reveals that the LCO/KIT-6, having increased specific surface area, is much more active. Despite a slight decrease in the overall selectivity to alcohols, a significant shift toward the formation of valuable higher alcohols is observed. This makes the process of converting syngas into alcohols very efficient on LCO/KIT-6, which looks promising for the production of motor fuels.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project AAAA-A17-117041110045-9 for Boreskov Institute of Catalysis). The authors are grateful to Prof T. M. Yurieva for fruitful discussions and to Mrs. G. K. Chermachentseva, Ms. I. Yu. Molina, and Dr Yu. N. Bespalko for the help in the work.

  1. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2020-01-21
Revised: 2020-03-11
Accepted: 2020-03-11
Published Online: 2020-05-26

© 2020 Gulim Danebaevna Jetpisbayeva et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  94. Deep desulfurization of sintering flue gas in iron and steel works based on low-temperature oxidation
  95. Investigations of metallic elements and phenolics in Chinese medicinal plants
  96. Influence of site-classification approach on geochemical background values
  97. Effects of ageing on the surface characteristics and Cu(ii) adsorption behaviour of rice husk biochar in soil
  98. Adsorption and sugarcane-bagasse-derived activated carbon-based mitigation of 1-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) urea-contaminated soils
  99. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of bifunctional cooper(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline
  100. Application of selenium and silicon to alleviate short-term drought stress in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as a model plant species
  101. Screening and analysis of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in jute leaves and their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cells
  102. Synthesis and physicochemical studies of a series of mixed-ligand transition metal complexes and their molecular docking investigations against Coronavirus main protease
  103. A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses
  104. A new phenyl alkyl ester and a new combretin triterpene derivative from Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) and antiproliferative activity
  105. Erratum
  106. Erratum to: A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  107. Review Articles
  108. Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy
  109. Natural products isolated from Casimiroa
  110. Plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium genus: A review
  111. Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review
  112. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  113. An overview of Monascus fermentation processes for monacolin K production
  114. Study on online soft sensor method of total sugar content in chlorotetracycline fermentation tank
  115. Studies on the Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Anti-hyperuricemia Properties of Astilbin in Animal Models
  116. Effects of organic fertilizer on water use, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality of pear jujube in northern Shaanxi
  117. Characteristics of the root exudate release system of typical plants in plateau lakeside wetland under phosphorus stress conditions
  118. Characterization of soil water by the means of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio at dry-wet season under different soil layers in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River
  119. Composition and diurnal variation of floral scent emission in Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L.
  120. Preparation of a novel ginkgolide B niosomal composite drug
  121. The degradation, biodegradability and toxicity evaluation of sulfamethazine antibiotics by gamma radiation
  122. Special issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  123. Insight into the cadmium and zinc binding potential of humic acids derived from composts by EEM spectra combined with PARAFAC analysis
  124. Source apportionment of soil contamination based on multivariate receptor and robust geostatistics in a typical rural–urban area, Wuhan city, middle China
  125. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  126. The Role of H2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as Precipitating Agents on The Physichochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Oxide
  127. Preparation of magnetite-silica–cetyltrimethylammonium for phenol removal based on adsolubilization
  128. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  129. Size-dependent growth kinetics of struvite crystals in wastewater with calcium ions
  130. The effect of silica-calcite sedimentary rock contained in the chicken broiler diet on the overall quality of chicken muscles
  131. Physicochemical properties of selected herbicidal products containing nicosulfuron as an active ingredient
  132. Lycopene in tomatoes and tomato products
  133. Fluorescence in the assessment of the share of a key component in the mixing of feed
  134. Sulfur application alleviates chromium stress in maize and wheat
  135. Effectiveness of removal of sulphur compounds from the air after 3 years of biofiltration with a mixture of compost soil, peat, coconut fibre and oak bark
  136. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  137. Study and fire test of banana fibre reinforced composites with flame retardance properties
  138. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  139. Disintegration, In vitro Dissolution, and Drug Release Kinetics Profiles of k-Carrageenan-based Nutraceutical Hard-shell Capsules Containing Salicylamide
  140. Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicate from impure Indonesian kaolin
  141. Special Issue on the International Conf on Science, Applied Science, Teaching and Education 2019
  142. Functionalization of Congo red dye as a light harvester on solar cell
  143. The effect of nitrite food preservatives added to se’i meat on the expression of wild-type p53 protein
  144. Biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of scaffold porous composite collagen–hydroxyapatite based coral for bone regeneration
  145. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2019)
  146. Effect of natural boron mineral use on the essential oil ratio and components of Musk Sage (Salvia sclarea L.)
  147. A theoretical and experimental study of the adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium ions using graphene oxide as an adsorbent
  148. A study on the bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans in various dental ceramics: In vitro study
  149. Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study
  150. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  151. Diabetes mellitus type 2: Exploratory data analysis based on clinical reading
  152. Multivariate analysis for the classification of copper–lead and copper–zinc glasses
  153. Special Issue on Advances in Chemistry and Polymers
  154. The spatial and temporal distribution of cationic and anionic radicals in early embryo implantation
  155. Special Issue on 3rd IC3PE 2020
  156. Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications
  157. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018/2019 Conference
  158. Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production
  159. Advancing biodiesel production from microalgae Spirulina sp. by a simultaneous extraction–transesterification process using palm oil as a co-solvent of methanol
  160. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  161. Omega and the related counting polynomials of some chemical structures
  162. M-polynomial and topological indices of zigzag edge coronoid fused by starphene
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0099
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synthesis gas transformation; synthesis of alcohols
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Electrochemical antioxidant screening and evaluation based on guanine and chitosan immobilized MoS2 nanosheet modified glassy carbon electrode (guanine/CS/MoS2/GCE)
  3. Kinetic models of the extraction of vanillic acid from pumpkin seeds
  4. On the maximum ABC index of bipartite graphs without pendent vertices
  5. Estimation of the total antioxidant potential in the meat samples using thin-layer chromatography
  6. Molecular dynamics simulation of sI methane hydrate under compression and tension
  7. Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of some trace elements in sediments and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Arabian Gulf coast, Saudi Arabia
  8. Amino-functionalized graphene oxide for Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from industrial wastewater
  9. Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils towards oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
  10. Effect of excess Fluoride consumption on Urine-Serum Fluorides, Dental state and Thyroid Hormones among children in “Talab Sarai” Punjab Pakistan
  11. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Isoxazole Tagged Indole Hybrid Compounds
  12. Comparison of kinetic and enzymatic properties of intracellular phosphoserine aminotransferases from alkaliphilic and neutralophilic bacteria
  13. Green Organic Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alkylarenes with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Catalyzed by Water-Soluble Copper Complex
  14. Ducrosia ismaelis Asch. essential oil: chemical composition profile and anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential assessment
  15. DFT calculations as an efficient tool for prediction of Raman and infra-red spectra and activities of newly synthesized cathinones
  16. Influence of Chemical Osmosis on Solute Transport and Fluid Velocity in Clay Soils
  17. A New fatty acid and some triterpenoids from propolis of Nkambe (North-West Region, Cameroon) and evaluation of the antiradical scavenging activity of their extracts
  18. Antiplasmodial Activity of Stigmastane Steroids from Dryobalanops oblongifolia Stem Bark
  19. Rapid identification of direct-acting pancreatic protectants from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves tea by the method of serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction
  20. Immobilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa static biomass on eggshell powder for on-line preconcentration and determination of Cr (VI)
  21. Assessment of methyl 2-({[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl] sulfamoyl}methyl)benzoate through biotic and abiotic degradation modes
  22. Stability of natural polyphenol fisetin in eye drops Stability of fisetin in eye drops
  23. Production of a bioflocculant by using activated sludge and its application in Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution
  24. Molecular Properties of Carbon Crystal Cubic Structures
  25. Synthesis and characterization of calcium carbonate whisker from yellow phosphorus slag
  26. Study on the interaction between catechin and cholesterol by the density functional theory
  27. Analysis of some pharmaceuticals in the presence of their synthetic impurities by applying hybrid micelle liquid chromatography
  28. Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: the protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α
  29. Incorporation of silver stearate nanoparticles in methacrylate polymeric monoliths for hemeprotein isolation
  30. Development of ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction based on mesoporous carbon coated with silica@iron oxide nanocomposite for preconcentration of Te and Tl in natural water systems
  31. N,N′-Bis[2-hydroxynaphthylidene]/[2-methoxybenzylidene]amino]oxamides and their divalent manganese complexes: Isolation, spectral characterization, morphology, antibacterial and cytotoxicity against leukemia cells
  32. Determination of the content of selected trace elements in Polish commercial fruit juices and health risk assessment
  33. Diorganotin(iv) benzyldithiocarbamate complexes: synthesis, characterization, and thermal and cytotoxicity study
  34. Keratin 17 is induced in prurigo nodularis lesions
  35. Anticancer, antioxidant, and acute toxicity studies of a Saudi polyherbal formulation, PHF5
  36. LaCoO3 perovskite-type catalysts in syngas conversion
  37. Comparative studies of two vegetal extracts from Stokesia laevis and Geranium pratense: polyphenol profile, cytotoxic effect and antiproliferative activity
  38. Fragmentation pattern of certain isatin–indole antiproliferative conjugates with application to identify their in vitro metabolic profiles in rat liver microsomes by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
  39. Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur roots
  40. Lead discovery of a guanidinyl tryptophan derivative on amyloid cascade inhibition
  41. Physicochemical evaluation of the fruit pulp of Opuntia spp growing in the Mediterranean area under hard climate conditions
  42. Electronic structural properties of amino/hydroxyl functionalized imidazolium-based bromide ionic liquids
  43. New Schiff bases of 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)acetohydrazide and their Cu(ii), and Zn(ii) metal complexes: their in vitro antimicrobial potentials and in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties
  44. Treatment of adhesions after Achilles tendon injury using focused ultrasound with targeted bFGF plasmid-loaded cationic microbubbles
  45. Synthesis of orotic acid derivatives and their effects on stem cell proliferation
  46. Chirality of β2-agonists. An overview of pharmacological activity, stereoselective analysis, and synthesis
  47. Fe3O4@urea/HITh-SO3H as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of 7-aryl-8H-benzo[h]indeno[1,2-b]quinoline-8-one and indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives
  48. Adsorption kinetic characteristics of molybdenum in yellow-brown soil in response to pH and phosphate
  49. Enhancement of thermal properties of bio-based microcapsules intended for textile applications
  50. Exploring the effect of khat (Catha edulis) chewing on the pharmacokinetics of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel in rats using the newly developed LC-MS/MS technique
  51. A green strategy for obtaining anthraquinones from Rheum tanguticum by subcritical water
  52. Cadmium (Cd) chloride affects the nutrient uptake and Cd-resistant bacterium reduces the adsorption of Cd in muskmelon plants
  53. Removal of H2S by vermicompost biofilter and analysis on bacterial community
  54. Structural cytotoxicity relationship of 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl)pyridotriazolopyrimidines: Quantum chemical calculations and statistical analysis
  55. A self-breaking supramolecular plugging system as lost circulation material in oilfield
  56. Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of thiourea derivatives
  57. Application of drug–metal ion interaction principle in conductometric determination of imatinib, sorafenib, gefitinib and bosutinib
  58. Synthesis and characterization of a novel chitosan-grafted-polyorthoethylaniline biocomposite and utilization for dye removal from water
  59. Optimisation of urine sample preparation for shotgun proteomics
  60. DFT investigations on arylsulphonyl pyrazole derivatives as potential ligands of selected kinases
  61. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease using focused ultrasound with GDNF retrovirus-loaded microbubbles to open the blood–brain barrier
  62. New derivatives of a natural nordentatin
  63. Fluorescence biomarkers of malignant melanoma detectable in urine
  64. Study of the remediation effects of passivation materials on Pb-contaminated soil
  65. Saliva proteomic analysis reveals possible biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma
  66. Withania frutescens: Chemical characterization, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing activities
  67. Design, synthesis and pharmacological profile of (−)-verbenone hydrazones
  68. Synthesis of magnesium carbonate hydrate from natural talc
  69. Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD assay for simultaneous quantification of hydrocortisone 21 acetate, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone acetonide in cosmetics
  70. A novel lactose biosensor based on electrochemically synthesized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/thiophene (EDOT/Th) copolymer
  71. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Chemical characterization, scavenging and cytotoxic activities
  72. Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection method for estrogen determination: Application to residual analysis in meat products
  73. PCSK9 concentrations in different stages of subclinical atherosclerosis and their relationship with inflammation
  74. Development of trace analysis for alkyl methanesulfonates in the delgocitinib drug substance using GC-FID and liquid–liquid extraction with ionic liquid
  75. Electrochemical evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of natural compounds on glassy carbon electrode modified with guanine-, polythionine-, and nitrogen-doped graphene
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  79. The combined use of GC, PDSC and FT-IR techniques to characterize fat extracted from commercial complete dry pet food for adult cats
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  81. Concentrations of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in natural animal feed additives
  82. Structure and some physicochemical and functional properties of water treated under ammonia with low-temperature low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency
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  84. Amine-functionalized magnetic activated carbon as an adsorbent for preconcentration and determination of acidic drugs in environmental water samples using HPLC-DAD
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  88. Effect of isovalent substitution on the crystal structure and properties of two-slab indates BaLa2−xSmxIn2O7
  89. Synthesis, spectral and thermo-kinetics explorations of Schiff-base derived metal complexes
  90. An improved reduction method for phase stability testing in the single-phase region
  91. Comparative analysis of chemical composition of some commercially important fishes with an emphasis on various Malaysian diets
  92. Development of a solventless stir bar sorptive extraction/thermal desorption large volume injection capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for ultra-trace determination of pyrethroids pesticides in river and tap water samples
  93. A turbidity sensor development based on NL-PI observers: Experimental application to the control of a Sinaloa’s River Spirulina maxima cultivation
  94. Deep desulfurization of sintering flue gas in iron and steel works based on low-temperature oxidation
  95. Investigations of metallic elements and phenolics in Chinese medicinal plants
  96. Influence of site-classification approach on geochemical background values
  97. Effects of ageing on the surface characteristics and Cu(ii) adsorption behaviour of rice husk biochar in soil
  98. Adsorption and sugarcane-bagasse-derived activated carbon-based mitigation of 1-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) urea-contaminated soils
  99. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of bifunctional cooper(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline
  100. Application of selenium and silicon to alleviate short-term drought stress in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as a model plant species
  101. Screening and analysis of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in jute leaves and their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cells
  102. Synthesis and physicochemical studies of a series of mixed-ligand transition metal complexes and their molecular docking investigations against Coronavirus main protease
  103. A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses
  104. A new phenyl alkyl ester and a new combretin triterpene derivative from Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) and antiproliferative activity
  105. Erratum
  106. Erratum to: A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  107. Review Articles
  108. Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy
  109. Natural products isolated from Casimiroa
  110. Plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium genus: A review
  111. Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review
  112. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  113. An overview of Monascus fermentation processes for monacolin K production
  114. Study on online soft sensor method of total sugar content in chlorotetracycline fermentation tank
  115. Studies on the Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Anti-hyperuricemia Properties of Astilbin in Animal Models
  116. Effects of organic fertilizer on water use, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality of pear jujube in northern Shaanxi
  117. Characteristics of the root exudate release system of typical plants in plateau lakeside wetland under phosphorus stress conditions
  118. Characterization of soil water by the means of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio at dry-wet season under different soil layers in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River
  119. Composition and diurnal variation of floral scent emission in Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L.
  120. Preparation of a novel ginkgolide B niosomal composite drug
  121. The degradation, biodegradability and toxicity evaluation of sulfamethazine antibiotics by gamma radiation
  122. Special issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  123. Insight into the cadmium and zinc binding potential of humic acids derived from composts by EEM spectra combined with PARAFAC analysis
  124. Source apportionment of soil contamination based on multivariate receptor and robust geostatistics in a typical rural–urban area, Wuhan city, middle China
  125. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  126. The Role of H2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as Precipitating Agents on The Physichochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Oxide
  127. Preparation of magnetite-silica–cetyltrimethylammonium for phenol removal based on adsolubilization
  128. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  129. Size-dependent growth kinetics of struvite crystals in wastewater with calcium ions
  130. The effect of silica-calcite sedimentary rock contained in the chicken broiler diet on the overall quality of chicken muscles
  131. Physicochemical properties of selected herbicidal products containing nicosulfuron as an active ingredient
  132. Lycopene in tomatoes and tomato products
  133. Fluorescence in the assessment of the share of a key component in the mixing of feed
  134. Sulfur application alleviates chromium stress in maize and wheat
  135. Effectiveness of removal of sulphur compounds from the air after 3 years of biofiltration with a mixture of compost soil, peat, coconut fibre and oak bark
  136. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  137. Study and fire test of banana fibre reinforced composites with flame retardance properties
  138. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  139. Disintegration, In vitro Dissolution, and Drug Release Kinetics Profiles of k-Carrageenan-based Nutraceutical Hard-shell Capsules Containing Salicylamide
  140. Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicate from impure Indonesian kaolin
  141. Special Issue on the International Conf on Science, Applied Science, Teaching and Education 2019
  142. Functionalization of Congo red dye as a light harvester on solar cell
  143. The effect of nitrite food preservatives added to se’i meat on the expression of wild-type p53 protein
  144. Biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of scaffold porous composite collagen–hydroxyapatite based coral for bone regeneration
  145. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2019)
  146. Effect of natural boron mineral use on the essential oil ratio and components of Musk Sage (Salvia sclarea L.)
  147. A theoretical and experimental study of the adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium ions using graphene oxide as an adsorbent
  148. A study on the bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans in various dental ceramics: In vitro study
  149. Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study
  150. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  151. Diabetes mellitus type 2: Exploratory data analysis based on clinical reading
  152. Multivariate analysis for the classification of copper–lead and copper–zinc glasses
  153. Special Issue on Advances in Chemistry and Polymers
  154. The spatial and temporal distribution of cationic and anionic radicals in early embryo implantation
  155. Special Issue on 3rd IC3PE 2020
  156. Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications
  157. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018/2019 Conference
  158. Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production
  159. Advancing biodiesel production from microalgae Spirulina sp. by a simultaneous extraction–transesterification process using palm oil as a co-solvent of methanol
  160. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  161. Omega and the related counting polynomials of some chemical structures
  162. M-polynomial and topological indices of zigzag edge coronoid fused by starphene
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