Startseite Naturwissenschaften Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.
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Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.

  • Mouhcine Ajdi , Younes Gaga , Amine Assouguem EMAIL logo , Mohammed Kara , Safaa Benmessaoud , Riaz Ullah , Essam A. Ali , Azra Skender , Jyoti Singh und Jamila Bahhou
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 25. April 2024
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 22 Heft 1

Abstract

The olive trituration activity is one of the most important industrial activities in Fez, Morocco. These effluents are highly loaded with organic, inorganic, and phenolic compounds without any preliminary treatment that affects water quality. In this sense, the waters of Oued Fez are deteriorating due to the discharge of wastewater from oil mills and the excessive proliferation of Pistia stratiotes L., an invasive macrophyte that represents a significant stress to the aquatic ecosystem, eutrophication, and a reduction in biodiversity. This ecological situation has prompted us to carry out phytotoxicity bioassays based on the detection of the lethal concentration of P. stratiotes in the wastewater from the olive oil mill to evaluate the sensitivity and tolerance of macrophytes to the different concentrations of total polyphenols (TPP) present in the olive mill wastewater. To estimate their impact on the environment. Fresh whole plants of P. stratiotes were exposed to varying concentrations of olive oil mill wastewater with a series of TPP concentrations (0–30 mg/l) for 1 week in the natural environment. The results also show that P. stratiotes is able to grow rapidly in culture with 20 mg/l of TPP; the highest growth of wet weight of P. stratiotes occurred at 20 mg/l treatment with an average of 13 g wet weight increase. At 0 mg/l, treatment is known to cause very slow growth with an average of 2 g. Olive oil mill wastewater was toxic to the plant at concentrations higher than 30 mg/l, and the phytotoxic effect was manifested by retardation of growth, detachment of roots, wilting, and chlorosis of leaves. This indicates that polyphenols have great potential to inhibit the proliferation of P. stratiotes in aquatic environments.

Keywords: olive mill wastewater; Pistia stratiotes L.; eutrophication; phytotoxicity; Fez river

1 Introduction

The world today is threatened by different sources of environmental pollution, whether they are industrial discharges, agricultural discharges, or domestic discharges. All of this is due to population growth and industrialization [1,2].

The margines cause an ecological imbalance for the Mediterranean countries, the main producers of olive oil. The production of these countries represents 94% of the world’s production. In Fez, the annual production of margins is estimated at 250,000 m3 [3].

The discharge of liquid effluents from oil mills directly into running water without any prior treatment leads to pollution of anthropic origin. The margins present a danger to the environment because, in addition to their acidic pH 4, the pollutant load of the margins is very high in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), polyphenolic compounds, and suspended solids (SS) [4,5].

Various scientists have reported the pollution load generated by the margins [6–8]. However, the margins have fertilizing power, and the high excess of nutrients has, as a consequence, led to the development of the process of eutrophication [9]. In this sense, the waters of Oued Sebou experienced acute degradation during the olive season following the stop of the wastewater treatment plant in the city of Fez caused by a malfunction of biological reactors after receiving concentrations exceeding 20 mg/l of total polyphenols (TPP) from the direct discharges of oil mills in the sewage network of the city. Thus, comes the added risk of excessive proliferation of a floating perennial macrophyte if it escapes from its current host (Wadi Fez), as detected in Wadi Fez in 2012 [10,11].

Pistia stratiotes L. presents significant stress for the aquatic ecosystem: reduction of the oxygen rate, the strong release of H2S, an increase in the evaporation of the water surface, and the reduction of biodiversity due to the formation of a thick tapestry covering the surface of the colonized environment [12–14]. This plant multiplies easily by various modes: vegetative thanks to its very numerous rejections (fragments of the plant) or by stolons’s giving rise to new plants, as well as by its seeds [15,16].

Many studies have proven that P. stratiotes L. is often used for water quality monitoring and pollution detection. As crude oil is toxic to P. stratiotes at all concentrations from 0 to 100 ppm [17–19] and hexazinone, which is an herbicide, negatively affects the growth and development of P. stratiotes L., equivalent concentrations of 0.111 and 0.333 mg/l were toxic to the plant from the 7th day of the test [20]. P. stratiotes L. has a huge potential for pollution control. The plant has shown high tolerance to cadmium up to 20 mg/l [21,22].

The aim of this study is to eradicate P. stratiotes L. using margines rich in TPP after determining the threshold and lethal duration of P. stratiotes L. in relation to TPP in margines, which is derived from the extraction of olive oil and poses serious pollution problems due to its high concentration of organic matter and polyphenols [23].

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study site

The experiment is carried out in the city of Fez, Morocco, characterized by a dry continental climate with an average temperature that varies between 4.5°C in January and 35.7°C in July and an interannual average rainfall of 430 mm, which favors the proliferation of P. stratiotes. (P. stratiotes L. was detected for the first time in February 2012.)

2.1.1 Origine of the margines

SOHNA is an olive oil company, NASMA, whose activities include the production of olive oil and the bottling of table oil. It is located in the industrial zone of Dokkarat Fez. It uses a continuous extraction system with two phases.

2.1.2 Collection of samples of P. stratiotes

Whole plants of P. stratiotes L. were collected downstream of the Oued Fez, which represents the main artery of the hydrographic network of the basin. It is located between parallels 33°30 and 34°08 N and between meridians 4°54 and 5°09 W, the rif in the north, the Middle Atlasian Causse in the south, the Fez-Taza corridor in the east, and the Saiss plain in the west. This watercourse appears at the surface of Ras El Ma, where it is fed upstream by the waters of Oued Chkou, including the wadis of Ain Chkef and Ain Smen, Oued El Himmer, and the wadis EL Mehraz and Boufekrane, which join the Oued Fez at the entrance of the medina. It has a SW-NE direction to join the Oued Sebou [24].

Before the experiment, the collected plants were washed with distilled water in the laboratory to eliminate all other species to have a monospecific culture of P. stratiotes L., and then, the plants were selected by their size and weight. The collected plants were put in pots of 3 l, of which 2 l were useful, containing spring water drawn from the medium of collection of the plant for a period of acclimatization of 48 h before being exposed to the margins.

2.2 Margine’s physico-chemical characterization

The characterization of the margines was based on the study of the following parameters: pH, SS, COD, electrical conductivity, and TPP [25]. The pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity measurements were done by a HACH HQ40d multimeter. SS are determined by filtration on membranes with a pore diameter of 0.45 μm. The SS content is determined by the difference in weight of the filter before and after filtration and drying in an oven at 105°C for 24 h. The realization of a dilution is necessary because of the overloading of certain margins in matters of suspension, which causes the clogging of the filters [26].

The determination of COD is performed by the potassium dichromate method. The principle of this method is based on the boiling oxidation (150°C for 2 h) of the reducing materials by an excess of potassium dichromate in an acid medium (H2SO4) in the presence of silver sulfate as a catalyst and mercury sulfate as a chloride complexing agent. At the end of the reaction, the COD is evaluated by taking a sample suitably diluted before the oxidation. The optical density of the sample is obtained by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 620 nm. The COD values are measured with a UV/visible spectrophotometer of the HACH DR3900 brand (France).

The extraction of TPP from raw margines is a liquid–liquid extraction based on the principle of solubility in organic solvents. The choice of the solvent depends on the nature of the compounds to be extracted and their solubility in the solvent. The phenolic compounds contained in the margines are extracted according to the method described by De Marco et al. [27].

The content of phenolic compounds in the different extracts obtained from the crude margines was estimated by the method of Folin–Ciocalteau [28,29]. The quantification of phenolic compounds was made according to a linear calibration curve of the form y = ax carried out using gallic acid as a reference. The results will therefore be expressed in gallic acid equivalents. The number of TPP is calculated from the regression equation of the calibration range established with gallic acid (0–200 µg/ml) and expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent. An estimation of the TPP of the same sample is performed by LCK 345 HACH kits to confirm the results obtained by the colorimetric method with a measurement range of 0.05–5.0 mg/l.

2.3 Tolerance of P. stratiotes L. to polyphenols

After the acclimatization period, the aquatic plants were exposed to different concentrations of polyphenols for 1 week. Dilutions of 0.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg/l were prepared from a stock solution of raw margines with an initial concentration of polyphenols of about 888 mg/l and spring water with three replicates for each concentration (Table 1). The concentrations were chosen on the basis of a preliminary study posing macrophytes at a series of polyphenol concentrations from 5 to 50 mg/l to study their influence on P. stratiotes L.

Table 1

Dilutions of margines

Phenol (mg/l) Margine volume (ml) Volume of spring water (ml)
0 0 ± 0.001 2,000 ± 0.001
5 11.26 ± 0.001 1988.74 ± 0.001
10 22.52 ± 0.001 1977.48 ± 0.001
15 33.78 ± 0.001 1966.22 ± 0.001
20 45.05 ± 0.001 1954.95 ± 0.001
25 56.31 ± 0.001 1943.69 ± 0.001
30 67.57 ± 0.001 1932.43 ± 0.001

To test plant growth in various treated soils, chlorophyll content was assessed as a physiological descriptor combining soil toxicity and potential nutrient deficiency [30].

The leaves of the plant are put in contact with acetone 80%, which will damage them mechanically and destroy the membranes of the cells to obtain a chlorophyll solution.

The dosage of chlorophylls a and b is carried out on the acetone extract by measurement with the spectrophotometer by making measurements of optical densities at different wavelengths (645, 652, and 663 nm). A reference tank contains pure acetone diluted to 80% (to regulate the zero of the spectrophotometer) [31].

3 Results

3.1 Physico-chemical characterization of margines

The physico-chemical characteristics obtained from spring water samples are raw margines (Table 2) and diluted margines (Table 3).

Table 2

Physico-chemical characteristics of mineral water and raw margines

pH Conductivity Dissolved O2 COD MES
Spring water 7.25 ± 0.01 1,865 ± 0.2 5.87 ± 0.05 2.29 ± 0.25 0.007 ± 0.003
Raw margines 4.85 ± 0.01 12,466 ± 0.2 0.3 ± 0.05 14,758 ± 0.25 16.5 ± 0.003

MES: suspended matter; COD: chemical oxygen demand.

Table 3

pH and conductivity of different concentrations of TPP and salt water

Concentration TPP mg/l pH Cond. (µS/cm)
0 7.85 ± 0.01 1,865 ± 0.2
5 7.66 ± 0.01 2,117 ± 0.2
10 7.44 ± 0.01 2,239 ± 0.2
15 6.83 ± 0.01 2,334 ± 0.2
20 6.39 ± 0.01 2,403 ± 0.2
25 5.90 ± 0.01 2,501 ± 0.2
30 5.50 ± 0.01 2,670 ± 0.2
Salt water 8.08 ± 0.01 20,550 ± 0.2

3.2 Growth monitoring of P. stratiotes L.

We selected seven plants of P. stratiotes L. of the same weight, 61 g per plant, for weight monitoring. For the control plant, its growth gained 2 g in 6 days, or 63 g at the end of the experiment (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Weight monitoring of P. stratiotes at different concentrations of TPP for 6 days (mean ± SD, n = 3).
Figure 1

Weight monitoring of P. stratiotes at different concentrations of TPP for 6 days (mean ± SD, n = 3).

The weight monitoring of P. stratiotes L. at different dilutions of TPP showed a progressive weight gain during the first 4 days, going from 4 to 13 g for all dilutions (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/l of TPP) against 1 g of weight gain for the control and 2 g for the 25 mg/l dilution. This growth curve is reversed on the 6th day with a decrease in plant weight of 1 g for the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/l against 3 g for the dose of 15 mg/l.

On the other hand, at 30 mg/l, we notice a drop in weight from the first 48 h, from 61 to 51 g at the end of the experiment (Figure 2).

Figure 2 P. stratiotes L. exposed to different dilutions of TPP after 4 days of testing.
Figure 2

P. stratiotes L. exposed to different dilutions of TPP after 4 days of testing.

After 4 days of treatment with different concentrations of TPP, the optimal growth is favored at 20 mg/l of TPP, with a growth at the level of the roots reaching 30 cm for the concentration of 20 mg/l; on the contrary, the phytotoxic effect was manifested for all concentrations superior to 25 mg/l of TPP by the detachment of the totality of the fine roots (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Effects of TPP of margines on the roots of P. stratiotes L. after 4 days of testing.
Figure 3

Effects of TPP of margines on the roots of P. stratiotes L. after 4 days of testing.

TPP, being secondary plant compounds, are thought to influence nutrient cycling by affecting the degradation of organic matter, mineralization rates, nitrogen availability, and humus formation. Since P. stratiotes L. is exposed to high concentrations of TPP, this has affected its growth and physiology. To withstand these conditions, the plant has developed a mechanism based on the detachment of the entire fine root.

The determination of chlorophylls a, b, and a + b after completion of the experiment (6th day) showed a drop in the concentration of chlorophylls a, b, and a + b for all dilutions tested compared to the control, with the lowest values at 5 mg/l and the highest value at 30 mg/l (Figure 4).

Figure 4 Concentration of chlorophylls a, b, and a + b after completion of the experiment (6th day) The superscript asterisk indicates the significant difference between the means of the treated and control plants in the same-colored histograms (mean ± SD, n = 3).
Figure 4

Concentration of chlorophylls a, b, and a + b after completion of the experiment (6th day) The superscript asterisk indicates the significant difference between the means of the treated and control plants in the same-colored histograms (mean ± SD, n = 3).

4 Discussion

The margines are effluents that are very rich in fertilizing elements. They contain appreciable quantities of mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen, and are an excellent substrate for the development of microflora, which favors the improvement of the physico-chemical properties of soils [32–34].

A study was conducted on the presence of P. stratiotes L. in one of the eutrophic lakes in Nigeria. The weed removed 83.1% of BOD, 93.3% of ammonia nitrogen, and 75.0% of phosphorus [35–38].

It also produces a biomass of about 2,375 kg/ha. P. stratiotes has an enormous capacity to absorb nitrates ( NO 3 + ), ammonium ( NH 4 + ) [39], mercury (Hg) [40], cadmium (Cd) [41], and chromium (Cr) [42].

The above explains our results and the stimulation of growth by the margines at low concentrations of polyphenols inferior to or equal to 20 mg/l of TPP, which is fixed as the threshold of resistance of P. stratiotes L. concluded by this study (gain of 13 g in 4 days). P. stratiotes L. tolerates and uses the margines as fertilizer. At 25 mg/l, the macrophyte was able to maintain its development capacity, although some toxicity symptoms appeared, leading to root detachment and plant death. At 30 mg/l, the appearance of toxicity signs included the detachment of fine roots, chlorosis, and wilting.

Plants are constantly subjected to environmental variations. These changes can cause stress that alters cellular homeostasis through the production of reactive forms of oxygen. The phytotoxic accumulation of these different oxygen radicals can lead to the death of the plant [43,44].

Chlorophyll is the basis of plant photosynthesis and is involved in the absorption, transmission, and conversion of light energy, which reduces the toxicity of TPP for plants. Our results show inhibitory effects on biomass production and chlorophyll synthesis due to phytotoxicity.

The chlorophyll secretion in P. stratiotes L. leaves decreased significantly under the treatments. This is consistent with the symptoms observed, which include chlorosis and decomposition of the leaves and reduced root growth [45–47]. These results follow on from a study on the remediation potential of P. stratiotes L. paper mill wastewater in terms of uptake and elimination of ten trace elements [48,49].

The above can explain the mortality of P. stratiotes L. in the face of the increase in the TPP host environment of the margine, which leads to a stress on the plant leading to its death. However, the increasing value of chlorophylls a, b, and a + b. The increase in TPP concentrations in the host environment is not consistent with the state of stress in the plant, which remains unexplained for the time being. Physiological responses to NaCl salinity were studied in two floating aquatic macrophytes, P. stratiotes L. and Salvinia molesta L., by Upadhyay. P. stratiotes tolerates life in a 200 mM saline environment [50].

These results can be explained either by the substitution of Mg2+, which inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis, TPP, which disrupted chlorophyll biosynthesis, or heavy metal ions, which inhibited protochlorophyll activity [51–53].

The toxicity of margines can be due not only to TPP but also to NaCl [54,55], and the concentration of the latter in margines depends on the system of crushing olives. For our samples, the concentration ranges from 0 to 30 mg/l [16]. The conductivity remains normal compared to the conductivity of salt water; therefore, the phytotoxicity in our study is due only to the polyphenols in margines [50].

5 Conclusion

To stop the excessive proliferation of P. stratiotes L., an invasive macrophyte represents a major stress for the aquatic ecosystem, and to make the most of the margins, effluents are highly charged with phenolic compounds and come from the olive-pressing activity. We carried out phytotoxicity tests on P. stratiotes L. using TPP present in the margins at different concentrations. The results showed that P. stratiotes L. is tolerant to TPP at concentrations of 20 mg/l or less and uses margins as a fertilizer. At 25 mg/l, P. stratiotes L. began to show symptoms of toxicity. At 30 mg/l, the appearance of strong signs of toxicity included root detachment, chlorosis, and wilting leading to plant death.

These results indicate that polyphenols have great potential to inhibit the proliferation of P. stratiotes in aquatic environments. Other studies are underway to better understand the mechanisms underlying the control of invasive plants by TPP and to make this product an effective phytotoxicant.

Acknowledgements

Authors wish to thank Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R45) at King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia for financial support.

  1. Funding information: This research work is supported by researchers supporting project number RSP2024R45 at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization: Mouhcine Ajdi, Younes Gaga, Amine Assouguem; formal analysis: Mohammed Kara, Amine Assouguem; Writing—original draft preparation: Safaa Benmessaoud, Younes Gaga, Mouhcine Ajdi; writing—review and editing: Mohammed Kara, Amine Assouguem, Jyoti singh, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Azra Skender and Jamila Bahhou; Funding acquisition: Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-09-28
Revised: 2024-04-05
Accepted: 2024-04-08
Published Online: 2024-04-25

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0027
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
olive mill wastewater; Pistia stratiotes L.; eutrophication; phytotoxicity; Fez river
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Porous silicon nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and their antifungal activity
  3. Biochar from de-oiled Chlorella vulgaris and its adsorption on antibiotics
  4. Phytochemicals profiling, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, and in silico studies on Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.: A comprehensive approach
  5. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of novel glycoconjugates as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial agents
  6. Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by potato starch: Its performance in the treatment of esophageal cancer
  7. Computational study of ADME-Tox prediction of selected phytochemicals from Punica granatum peels
  8. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts and essential oil derived from Artemisia herba-alba Asso
  9. Two triazole-based coordination polymers: Synthesis and crystal structure characterization
  10. Phytochemical and physicochemical studies of different apple varieties grown in Morocco
  11. Synthesis of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating ethyl para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L., extract with methacrylic acid as functional monomer
  12. Nutraceutical potential of Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii Hochst. ex Bioss.: Insights into its nutritional composition, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activity
  13. Evaluation of influence of Butea monosperma floral extract on inflammatory biomarkers
  14. Cannabis sativa L. essential oil: Chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial properties, and acute toxicity: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study
  15. The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
  16. Hollow mushroom nanomaterials for potentiometric sensing of Pb2+ ions in water via the intercalation of iodide ions into the polypyrrole matrix
  17. Determination of essential oil and chemical composition of St. John’s Wort
  18. Computational design and in vitro assay of lantadene-based novel inhibitors of NS3 protease of dengue virus
  19. Anti-parasitic activity and computational studies on a novel labdane diterpene from the roots of Vachellia nilotica
  20. Microbial dynamics and dehydrogenase activity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) rhizospheres: Impacts on growth and soil health across different soil types
  21. Correlation between in vitro anti-urease activity and in silico molecular modeling approach of novel imidazopyridine–oxadiazole hybrids derivatives
  22. Spatial mapping of indoor air quality in a light metro system using the geographic information system method
  23. Iron indices and hemogram in renal anemia and the improvement with Tribulus terrestris green-formulated silver nanoparticles applied on rat model
  24. Integrated track of nano-informatics coupling with the enrichment concept in developing a novel nanoparticle targeting ERK protein in Naegleria fowleri
  25. Cytotoxic and phytochemical screening of Solanum lycopersicum–Daucus carota hydro-ethanolic extract and in silico evaluation of its lycopene content as anticancer agent
  26. Protective activities of silver nanoparticles containing Panax japonicus on apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity
  27. pH-based colorimetric detection of monofunctional aldehydes in liquid and gas phases
  28. Investigating the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and regulation of gene expression of Caco-2 cells: Unravelling potential implications for colorectal cancer treatment
  29. Metformin inhibits knee osteoarthritis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats: S100A8/9 and S100A12 as players and therapeutic targets
  30. Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats
  31. Synthesis of new analogs of N-substituted(benzoylamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines
  32. Response of yield and quality of Japonica rice to different gradients of moisture deficit at grain-filling stage in cold regions
  33. Preparation of an inclusion complex of nickel-based β-cyclodextrin: Characterization and accelerating the osteoarthritis articular cartilage repair
  34. Empagliflozin-loaded nanomicelles responsive to reactive oxygen species for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury protection
  35. Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles
  36. Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition
  38. Biosynthesis and screening of cobalt nanoparticles using citrus species for antimicrobial activity
  39. Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis
  40. Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
  41. Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: Antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens
  42. Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread
  43. Comparative toxicity assessment of fisetin-aided artificial intelligence-assisted drug design targeting epibulbar dermoid through phytochemicals
  44. Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of bis-thiourea derivatives
  45. Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.
  46. GC–MS analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 metabolites and its computational analysis on familial pulmonary fibrosis hub genes
  47. Green formulation of copper nanoparticles by Pistacia khinjuk leaf aqueous extract: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of prostate cancer
  48. Improved photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles for Malachite green dye degradation under visible light irradiation: An effect of La doping
  49. One-pot synthesis of a network of Mn2O3–MnO2–poly(m-methylaniline) composite nanorods on a polypyrrole film presents a promising and efficient optoelectronic and solar cell device
  50. Groundwater quality and health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in Al Qaseem area, Saudi Arabia
  51. A comparative study of the antifungal efficacy and phytochemical composition of date palm leaflet extracts
  52. Processing of alcohol pomelo beverage (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) using saccharomyces yeast: Optimization, physicochemical quality, and sensory characteristics
  53. Specialized compounds of four Cameroonian spices: Isolation, characterization, and in silico evaluation as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  54. Identification of a novel drug target in Porphyromonas gingivalis by a computational genome analysis approach
  55. Physico-chemical properties and durability of a fly-ash-based geopolymer
  56. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
  57. Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils
  58. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer
  59. Deciphering the influenza neuraminidase inhibitory potential of naturally occurring biflavonoids: An in silico approach
  60. Determination of heavy elements in agricultural regions, Saudi Arabia
  61. Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
  62. Ameliorative effects of thistle and thyme honeys on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice
  63. Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. fractions
  64. Investigating the adsorption mechanism of zinc chloride-modified porous carbon for sulfadiazine removal from water
  65. Performance repair of building materials using alumina and silica composite nanomaterials with electrodynamic properties
  66. Effects of nanoparticles on the activity and resistance genes of anaerobic digestion enzymes in livestock and poultry manure containing the antibiotic tetracycline
  67. Effect of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized using Ocimum basilicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice lung infection model
  68. Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
  69. Anti-OTC antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic/silica and fluorescent hybrid silica nanoparticles for oxytetracycline detection
  70. Curcumin conjugated zinc nanoparticles for the treatment of myocardial infarction
  71. Identification and in silico screening of natural phloroglucinols as potential PI3Kα inhibitors: A computational approach for drug discovery
  72. Exploring the phytochemical profile and antioxidant evaluation: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of main compounds from three Solanum species in Saudi Arabia
  73. Unveiling the molecular composition and biological properties of essential oil derived from the leaves of wild Mentha aquatica L.: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico exploration
  74. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in Boerhavia elegans seeds by GC-MS
  75. Homology modeling and molecular docking study of corticotrophin-releasing hormone: An approach to treat stress-related diseases
  76. LncRNA MIR17HG alleviates heart failure via targeting MIR17HG/miR-153-3p/SIRT1 axis in in vitro model
  77. Development and validation of a stability indicating UPLC-DAD method coupled with MS-TQD for ramipril and thymoquinone in bioactive SNEDDS with in silico toxicity analysis of ramipril degradation products
  78. Biosynthesis of Ag/Cu nanocomposite mediated by Curcuma longa: Evaluation of its antibacterial properties against oral pathogens
  79. Development of AMBER-compliant transferable force field parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene
  80. Treatment of gestational diabetes by Acroptilon repens leaf aqueous extract green-formulated iron nanoparticles in rats
  81. Development and characterization of new ecological adsorbents based on cardoon wastes: Application to brilliant green adsorption
  82. A fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the standardization and quantitative determination of chlorhexidine acetate in commercial products
  83. Assessment of Se, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb content status in Ankang tea plantations of China
  84. Effect of transition metal chloride (ZnCl2) on low-temperature pyrolysis of high ash bituminous coal
  85. Evaluating polyphenol and ascorbic acid contents, tannin removal ability, and physical properties during hydrolysis and convective hot-air drying of cashew apple powder
  86. Development and characterization of functional low-fat frozen dairy dessert enhanced with dried lemongrass powder
  87. Scrutinizing the effect of additive and synergistic antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  88. Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat
  89. Antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methoxy-substituted Schiff bases using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular simulation approaches
  90. Anti-melanoma cancer activity and chemical profile of the essential oil of Seseli yunnanense Franch
  91. Molecular docking analysis of subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease (SLASP) and laccase with natural biopolymers
  92. Overcoming methicillin resistance by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Computational evaluation of napthyridine and oxadiazoles compounds for potential dual inhibition of PBP-2a and FemA proteins
  93. Exploring novel antitubercular agents: Innovative design of 2,3-diaryl-quinoxalines targeting DprE1 for effective tuberculosis treatment
  94. Drimia maritima flowers as a source of biologically potent components: Optimization of bioactive compound extractions, isolation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and pharmacological properties
  95. Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
  96. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
  97. Phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes
  98. Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
  99. Quality control analyses of selected honey samples from Serbia based on their mineral and flavonoid profiles, and the invertase activity
  100. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
  101. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats
  102. Quality changes of durian pulp (Durio ziberhinus Murr.) in cold storage
  103. Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
  104. Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Bukayriyah City, Saudi Arabia
  105. Larvicidal properties of essential oils of three Artemisia species against the chemically insecticide-resistant Nile fever vector Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): In vitro and in silico studies
  106. Design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations, along with in silico and in vitro antimicrobial proprieties of new isoxazole-amide conjugates
  107. The impact of drying and extraction methods on total lipid, fatty acid profile, and cytotoxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae
  108. A zinc oxide–tin oxide–nerolidol hybrid nanomaterial: Efficacy against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  109. Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
  110. Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
  111. Characterization and application of Fe1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
  112. Torilis arvensis ethanolic extract: Phytochemical analysis, antifungal efficacy, and cytotoxicity properties
  113. Magnetite–poly-1H pyrrole dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole: A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without using external sacrificing agent
  114. HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
  115. Efficient and stable to coking catalysts of ethanol steam reforming comprised of Ni + Ru loaded on MgAl2O4 + LnFe0.7Ni0.3O3 (Ln = La, Pr) nanocomposites prepared via cost-effective procedure with Pluronic P123 copolymer
  116. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots probe for selectively detecting Hg2+ in water samples and the detection mechanism
  117. Heavy metals in road dust from typical old industrial areas of Wuhan: Seasonal distribution and bioaccessibility-based health risk assessment
  118. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity evaluation of CBD- and THC-enriched Cannabis sativa extracts: In vitro and in silico investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
  119. Investigating dye adsorption: The role of surface-modified montmorillonite nanoclay in kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
  120. Antimicrobial activity, induction of ROS generation in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and chemical composition of Pterospermum heterophyllum
  121. Study on the performance of nanoparticle-modified PVDF membrane in delaying membrane aging
  122. Impact of cholesterol in encapsulated vitamin E acetate within cocoliposomes
  123. Review Articles
  124. Structural aspects of Pt(η3-X1N1X2)(PL) (X1,2 = O, C, or Se) and Pt(η3-N1N2X1)(PL) (X1 = C, S, or Se) derivatives
  125. Biosurfactants in biocorrosion and corrosion mitigation of metals: An overview
  126. Stimulus-responsive MOF–hydrogel composites: Classification, preparation, characterization, and their advancement in medical treatments
  127. Electrochemical dissolution of titanium under alternating current polarization to obtain its dioxide
  128. Special Issue on Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
  129. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus-castus L.
  130. Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)
  131. Exploitation of mangliculous marine fungi, Amarenographium solium, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against multiple drug-resistant bacteria
  132. Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.
  133. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part III
  134. Impact of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, development, and antioxidant system of high protein content crop (Lablab purpureus L.) sweet
  135. Green synthesis, characterization, and application of iron and molybdenum nanoparticles and their composites for enhancing the growth of Solanum lycopersicum
  136. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes
  137. Photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes using metal oxides and nanocomposites: A quantitative study
  138. Antifungal, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities of greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
  139. Special Issue on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Scrutinization of Medicinal Plants
  140. Hepatoprotective effects of safranal on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
  141. Chemical composition and biological properties of Thymus capitatus plants from Algerian high plains: A comparative and analytical study
  142. Chemical composition and bioactivities of the methanol root extracts of Saussurea costus
  143. In vivo protective effects of vitamin C against cyto-genotoxicity induced by Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract
  144. Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property
  145. A comprehensive review uncovering the anticancerous potential of genkwanin (plant-derived compound) in several human carcinomas
  146. A study to investigate the anticancer potential of carvacrol via targeting Notch signaling in breast cancer
  147. Assessment of anti-diabetic properties of Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) wild edible fruit extract: In vitro and in silico investigations through molecular docking analysis
  148. Optimization of polyphenol extraction, phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities of Physalis acutifolia
  149. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss
  150. Antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves
  151. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles by using Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) and their effect on wound healing
  152. Does Erodium trifolium (Cav.) Guitt exhibit medicinal properties? Response elements from phytochemical profiling, enzyme-inhibiting, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  153. Integrative in silico evaluation of the antiviral potential of terpenoids and its metal complexes derived from Homalomena aromatica based on main protease of SARS-CoV-2
  154. 6-Methoxyflavone improves anxiety, depression, and memory by increasing monoamines in mice brain: HPLC analysis and in silico studies
  155. Simultaneous extraction and quantification of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in Solanum lycopersicum L. varieties marketed in Saudi Arabia
  156. Biological evaluation of CH3OH and C2H5OH of Berberis vulgaris for in vivo antileishmanial potential against Leishmania tropica in murine models
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Heruntergeladen am 6.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2024-0027/html
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