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Scrutinizing the effect of additive and synergistic antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Fatima Siddiqui , Nureen Zahra , Basit Zeshan , Ayaz Ali Khan EMAIL logo , Abid Sarwar , Tariq Aziz , Metab Alharbi and Abdulrahman Alshammari
Published/Copyright: September 12, 2024
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 22 Issue 1

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes many infections worldwide. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are mostly watched in hospital-acquired infections and are linked with high mortality rates. This study aims to find a possible cure for P. aeruginosa by using an additive and synergistic combination of drugs. The Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa were isolated and identified by using clinical and laboratory standards institute protocols and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using disc and well diffusion method. In computational analysis, all of the ligands and proteins were selected and docking was done using PYRX. Hundred samples were taken of isolated Gram-negative bacteria of which 25% were P. aeruginosa. Additive combinations (meropenem [MPM] + tobramycin [TOB] was 100% sensitive and imipenem + TOB was also 100% sensitive) and synergistic combinations (MPM + ciprofloxacin were 90% sensitive and amikacin and imipenem) were 100% sensitive according to CLSI protocol. In computational analysis, TOB gave the highest binding energy of −11.4, whereas MPM shows a binding energy of −9.3. In conclusion, Additive and synergistic combination of drugs showed good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence it can be used as a good treatment option for P. aeruginosa.

Keywords: P. aeruginosa ; meropenem; ciprofloxacin; tobramycin; imipenem; amikacin; antibiotic susceptibility testing

1 Introduction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant infection. Some of the international mutants emerge to have specialized infections mostly in cystic fibrosis patients. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are mostly watched in hospital-acquired infections and are linked with high mortality rates [1,2] In a recent study by Jernigan et al. [3], it is seen that 25% of divulging infections claim multidrug-resistant sample. Deadly contagious organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter species, Acinetobacter baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. Most organisms that are transmitted by direct and indirect contact are multidrug-resistant pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.

P. aeruginosa is one of the members of the “critical group” according to WHO. It causes several infections containing burns and surgery causes hazardous bacteremia. Urinary tract infections containing the establishment of P. aeruginosa on catheters and sprinkling solutions are not unusual. Most cystic fibrosis patients are frightfully seized with P. aeruginosa. It also causes many corneal diseases that contain eye infections. It also contains meningitis and is linked with diarrheal diseases [4,5,6,7]. Common Gram-negative organisms include Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. These multidrug-resistant bacteria are mostly found in hospital-acquired infections and are linked with high mortality rates [1,8].

The Carbapenem class of drugs is conserved for known and doubted multidrug-resistant pathogens. Carbapenem is the beta-lactam class of antibiotics that assassinate the bacteria by binding to a penicillin-binding protein that hinders bacterial cell wall synthesis [9,10]. Carbapenem is unaltered by appearing antibiotic-resistant and beta-lactam. Sources of anti-pseudomonal affairs contain meropenem (MPM), imipenem, and doripenem are not included in this group. MPM, imipenem, and doripenem are for abdominal infections [11]. The MPM and imipenem are considered first-line therapy [12]. The use of antibiotics alone is not as productive as combination therapy against P. aeruginosa. Carbapenem mostly combines with the class having a broad spectrum of activity. Carbapenem is indicated in patients with susceptible reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics. Those who are susceptible to penicillin may evolve cross-sensitivity to carbapenem [13,14,15,16].

Hospital-acquired infections have become public health precedence leading to higher medical value, protracted hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. Hospital-acquired infections not only intimidate the patient’s life and health but also introduce additional economic load to the patient and the healthcare system contains straight economic loss and extended hospitalization. Nosocomial infections arise from endogenous and exogenous origin as the portion of the natural flora. Opportunistic bacterial diseases appear when there is a malfunctioning of the host immune system [17]. P. aeruginosa is a cause of nosocomial infection.

In this, we study the antibiotic additive and synergistic combination of the drugs against P. aeruginosa. The use of antibiotics alone is not as effective as combination therapy. As in studies from recent years, the monotherapy technique has been lacking and is not much entailing in the treatment of P. aeruginosa. It has been replaced with combination therapy. Hence, combination therapy is crucial to remove the mortality rates. The combination therapy is obliged to quell the emergence of P. aeruginosa. In an additive combination of drugs, drugs must be combined based on their similar chemical properties. It is what you expect when you add together the effect of each drug independently. For an additive combination of drugs, both drugs should have a broad spectrum of activity. If both drugs have the same chemical properties, then an additive combination must be formed. An additive combination is when the combined effect of two drugs is the sum of each drug working independently. Synergistic drugs must be combined based on different chemical properties as they work antagonistically and inhibit the effect of each other. It is when the effect of two drugs is stronger than each drug working independently.

In this study, additive combinations used are (MPM, tobramycin [TOB], and imipenem) whereas synergistic combinations studied are (amikacin [AMK], imipenem, MPM, and ciprofloxacin). Imipenem (IPM) involves the inactivation of penicillin-binding protein. It hinders bacterial cell wall synthesis. MPM involves the synthesis of the cell wall and causes cell to die. TOB is used for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially for Gram-negative bacteria. AMK is also used for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. When used in combinations, it can overcome resistance patterns and has not much side effects than used alone. It lessens the effect of each other. The study’s purpose is to find a cure for P. aeruginosa.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Collection of samples

Hundred samples were taken of isolated Gram-negative bacteria from Tertiary care Hospitals of Lahore.

2.2 Identification and isolation of the bacteria

Biochemical tests, indole test, urease test, triple sugar iron test, Simon citrate test, and catalase test confirm the bacteria P. aeruginosa. Bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar.

2.3 Antimicrobial susceptibility test

After the preparation of Molar Hinton broth, pure cultures of bacteria were grown again on Molar Hinton broth. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance were tested by the disc diffusion method and well diffusion method on Molar Hinton agar. The antibiotics used in this study were (AMK, MPM, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and TOB).

2.4 Disc diffusion method for additive and synergistic drugs

Additive combinations involved imipenem + TOB and MPM + TOB whereas synergistic combinations involved AMK + imipenem and MPM + ciprofloxacin. According to CDC, antibiotics were added to each other for antibiotic-coated discs. Discs were made on MHA plates and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The zone of inhibition was measured.

2.5 Well-diffusion method for additive and synergistic drugs

According to CDC, in well diffusion method, well has been made on plates. Antibiotic has been filled on well as alone as well as in combination. Standard discs were applied to plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The zone of inhibition was measured for all of the antibiotics.

2.6 In silico analysis

2.6.1 Preparation of ligands

SDS files of antibiotics were downloaded from PUB CHEM. Their 2D structures were drawn on chem sketch and then their 3D structures were evaluated from PYMOL.

2.6.2 Preparation of proteins

The 3D structures of proteins were downloaded in PDB format using a protein data bank site.

2.6.3 Binding site prediction

To predict the binding site depth residue (HTTP://COSPI.IISERPUNE.AC.IN/DEPTH/) was used. The amino acid selected from the graph using this site depth residue.

2.6.4 Formation of grid box

After docking a grid box was made in the shape of a cubic form surrounded by an active site in it.

2.6.5 Docking process

Docking was done using PYRX (it works on the concept of Auto Dock Vina). Antibiotics were added to PYRX and protein was added. After adding them, the ligands give input variables and settlement takes place for all four ligands separately. The incompatible protein ligands binding motifs were obtained. The further process was performed in UCSF Chimera.

3 Results

Hundred samples were taken of isolated Gram-negative bacteria in which the isolated 35 samples exist in which 10% are A. baumannii, 35% are E. coli, and 25% are P. aeruginosa. In the present study, the total sample of P. aeruginosa is ten which is multidrug-resistant. All of them were taken from Pus sample and further processes for additive and synergistic are as below (Tables 1–6).

Table 1

The percentage of frequencies of sensitivity of additive and synergistic drugs used alone

Sr. no. Drugs Sensitive %
1 MPM 10 (100)
2 IPM 6 (60)
3 TOB 10 (100)
4 Ciprofloxacin (CIP) 10 (100)
5 AMK 9 (90)
Table 2

The percentage of frequencies of sensitivity of additive and synergistic combinations of drugs against P. aeruginosa

Sr. no. Additive combinations Sensitive % Synergistic combinations Sensitive %
1 MPM + TOB 10 (100) MPM + CIP 9 (90)
2 IMP + TOB 10 (100) AMK + IMP 10 (100)
Table 3

The amino acids of LAS-R and MEXA in each of the ligands and common amino acids have been shown with the red ones

Ligands MEXA LAS-R
AMK THR 111, GLN 95, LYS 98, ASN 115, ALA 94, GLN 95, TYR 118
MPM GLN 91, TYR 118, ASN 115, ALA 94, GLN 95, LYS 98, TYR 111 THR 115, SER 129, THR 75, TRP 88, TYR 93, LEU 110 TRP 60, ARG 61
IPM LYS 98, TYR 111, GLN 95, ALA 94, ASN 115, TYR 118, GLN 91 THR 115, SER 129, THR 75, TRP 88, TYR 93, LEU 110, TRP 60, ARG 61
CIP ASN 115, TYR 118, GLN 91, ASN 115, GLN 95, LYS 98, TYR 111
TOB TYR 93, LEU 110, TRP 60, THR 115, SER 129, THR 75, TRP 88, ARG 61
Table 4

Amino acid formed hydrogen bond between ligands and MEXA protein and their bond distances

Ligands Amino acid Bond distance (Å)
IPM Lysine 98 2.01
TYR 111 2.20
ALA 94 2.83
AMK Glutamine 95 2.29
TYR 111 2.70
CIP ASN 115 2.33
ASN 115 2.37
MPM No No
Table 5

The amino acids that formed hydrogen bonds between ligands and LAS-R and their bond distances

Ligands Amino acid Bond distance (Å)
IPM Threonine 115 2.07
Serine 129 2.38
Threonine 75 2.46
Tryptophan 88 2.83
ARG 61 2.18
MPM Threonine 75 2.82
Serine 129 2.52
TOB TYR 93 2.77
Leucine 110 2.65
Tryptophan 60 2.27
Table 6

The highest binding energies of AMK, MPM, IPM, ciprofloxacin, and TOB with LAS-R and MEXA protein

Protein AMK IPM MPM CIP TOB
LAS-R −8.7 −9.3 −11.4
MEXA −4.3 −4.3 −5.3 −5

According to CLSI standards, AMK is sensitive at >17 and resistant at <14, TOB is sensitive at >15 and resistant at <12, IPM is sensitive at >23 and resistant at <19, MPM is sensitive at >23 and resistant at <15, and ciprofloxacin is sensitive at >21 (Figures 1–8).

Figure 1 (a) Disc diffusion method for additive drugs. (b) Disc diffusion method for synergistic drugs.
Figure 1

(a) Disc diffusion method for additive drugs. (b) Disc diffusion method for synergistic drugs.

Figure 2 (a) Well diffusion method for additive drugs. (b) Well diffusion method for synergistic drugs.
Figure 2

(a) Well diffusion method for additive drugs. (b) Well diffusion method for synergistic drugs.

Figure 3 Ramachandran plot of (a) LAS-R and (b) MEXA protein.
Figure 3

Ramachandran plot of (a) LAS-R and (b) MEXA protein.

Figure 4 (a) Binding site of MEXA from depth residue. (b) Possibility of amino acid from depth residue.
Figure 4

(a) Binding site of MEXA from depth residue. (b) Possibility of amino acid from depth residue.

Figure 5 (a) Binding site of LAS-R protein from depth residue. (b) Possibility of amino acid from depth residue.
Figure 5

(a) Binding site of LAS-R protein from depth residue. (b) Possibility of amino acid from depth residue.

Figure 6 (a) Imipenem, MPM, and TOB in binding site of LAS-R protein. (b) AMK, MPM, ciprofloxacin, and TOB in binding site of MEXA protein.
Figure 6

(a) Imipenem, MPM, and TOB in binding site of LAS-R protein. (b) AMK, MPM, ciprofloxacin, and TOB in binding site of MEXA protein.

Figure 7 Docking multiplex of MEXA protein.
Figure 7

Docking multiplex of MEXA protein.

Figure 8 Docking multiplex of Las-R protein.
Figure 8

Docking multiplex of Las-R protein.

3.1 In silico analysis

3.1.1 Protein structure evaluation

RAMACHANDRAN plot of MEXA protein contains 88.26% amino acid in the preferred region and 9.13% amino acid in allowed regions and there are six outliers remaining. RAMACHANDRAN plot of LAS-R protein contains 98.78% amino acid in the preferred region and 1.22% amino acid in the allowed region. There are 0 outliers remaining.

3.1.2 Active site of MEXA protein

The MEXA protein-binding pockets consist of four amino acids TYR 97, LEU 100, TYR 111, and TYR 118. The amino acids recognized above 0.15–0.3.

3.1.3 Active site of LAS-R protein

The LAS-R protein binding packets consist of seven amino acids involved in docking TYR 64, THR 75, TRP 88, SER 106, HIS 119, HLY 126, and ALA 127. Amino acids selected have probability ranges from 0.2 to 0.8.

3.1.4 Enzymatic pockets and ligands

The docking of all the ligands resides in the binding pockets of the proteins the selected amino acids disclosed that all docked ligands were superfluous to access their binding interactions.

3.1.5 Docking analysis of MEXA protein

For MEXA protein, there are three hydrogen bonds formed between IPM and MEXA protein one with LYS at position 98 with bond distance 2.01 A one with tyrosine (TYR) at position 111 with bond distance 2.20 A and one with alanine (ALA) at position 94 at bond distance 2.83 A. In AMK, two hydrogen bonds formed between AMK and MEXA protein one with glutamine (GLN) at position 95 with bond distance 2.29 A and one with TYR at position 111 with bond distance 2.70 A. Two hydrogen bonds formed between ciprofloxacin and MEXA protein with asparagine (ASN) both at same position 115 one with bond distance 2.33 A and other with bond distance 2.37 A. There are no hydrogen bonds formed between MPM and MEXA protein. The red dotted line shows hydrogen bond interaction.

3.1.6 Docking analysis of LAS-R protein

After adjusting the best site for all of the ligands in the binding pocket of LAS-R protein, the five hydrogen bonds show the interaction between IPM and LAS-R protein with arginine (ARG) at position 61shows bond distance 2.18 A one with TRP (tryptophan) at position 88 with bond distance 2.83 A one with THR (threonine) at position 75 with bond distance 2.46 A and also with SER at position 129 with bond distance 2.38 A and with THR at position 115 with bond distance 2.07 A. There is three hydrogen bond shows interaction between TOB and LAS-R protein with TYR at position 93 with bond distance 2.77 A and other with LEU at position 110 with bond distance 2.65 A and third with TRP at position 60 with bond distance 2.27 A. There are two hydrogen bond formed between MPM and LAS-R protein with THR at position 75 with bond distance 2.82 A and one with SER at position 129 with bond distance 2.05 A. The red dotted line shows hydrogen bonding interactions.

3.1.7 Binding energies

The docking must be done of AMK, imipenem, MPM, and ciprofloxacin to MEXA protein using PYRX.

In this in silico study, for synergistic combinations, the experiment has been repeated many times with many proteins. In the end, it shows binding with the MEXA protein.

4 Discussion

P. aeruginosa has been difficult to treat worldwide because of the insufficiency of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa [18]. In the recent study by Lister et al. [19], 25% of isolates are shown to be P. aeruginosa. In a study by Wareham et al. [20], the Pseudomonas isolates were 3.8%. Two methods have been applied to check the sensitivity and resistance of antibiotics the disc diffusion method and the well diffusion method. Ten isolates of P. aeruginosa have been studied. In additive combinations of drugs, the antibiotics studied in combination show better results than antibiotics alone. TOB shows better effect alone as well as in combination with imipenem and MPM both in well and in disc diffusion method. But imipenem alone is not as effective against P. aeruginosa. It shows resistivity the combination therapy shows much effectiveness against infection for P. aeruginosa. In a synergistic combination of drugs, MPM plus ciprofloxacin shows better effect than imipenem plus AMK. AMK shows better results in combination with imipenem, but AMK also shows resistivity in one isolate of P. aeruginosa.

In a study by Sandberg et al. [21], IPM shows synergy. When evaluated in additive affect, imipenem is resistant. Antibiotic resistance is used for the remediation of infections caused by P. aeruginosa as contrast in other bacteria and combination therapy of drugs give better results than monotherapy treatment. The study of Wareham et al. [20] shows the synergy of MPM with ciprofloxacin in 62% strain of P. aeruginosa. A study by Priya et al. shows that no synergistic effect was found in MPM with TOB against P. aeruginosa isolates. It shows an additive effect in MPM with TOB combination. A study by Herrmann et al. [22] shows that TOB and colistin (imipenem, MPM) combinations shown to be more efficacious in vitro than those of single antibiotic.

5 Conclusion

The present study shows that additive and synergistic combinations such as MPM + TOB, IPM + TOB, MPM + ciprofloxacin, and AMK + IPM showed good antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. In future aspects, combination therapy can be used as a good treatment option for P. aeruginosa.

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Research Supporting Program (RSP2024R491) of King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

  1. Author contributions: Conceptualization, Fatima Siddiqui; methodology, Nureen Zahra; software, Tariq Aziz; validation, Basit Zeeshan; formal analysis, Ayaz Ali Khan, investigation, Abid Sarwar; resources, Metab Alharbi; data curation, Abdulrahman Alshammari; writing – original draft preparation, Nureen Zahra; writing – review and editing, Fatima Siddiqui; visualization, Abid Sarwar; supervision, Tariq Aziz; project administration, Ayaz Ali Khan.

  2. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

  3. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2024-03-27
Revised: 2024-05-21
Accepted: 2024-07-26
Published Online: 2024-09-12

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  39. Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis
  40. Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
  41. Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: Antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens
  42. Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread
  43. Comparative toxicity assessment of fisetin-aided artificial intelligence-assisted drug design targeting epibulbar dermoid through phytochemicals
  44. Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of bis-thiourea derivatives
  45. Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.
  46. GC–MS analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 metabolites and its computational analysis on familial pulmonary fibrosis hub genes
  47. Green formulation of copper nanoparticles by Pistacia khinjuk leaf aqueous extract: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of prostate cancer
  48. Improved photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles for Malachite green dye degradation under visible light irradiation: An effect of La doping
  49. One-pot synthesis of a network of Mn2O3–MnO2–poly(m-methylaniline) composite nanorods on a polypyrrole film presents a promising and efficient optoelectronic and solar cell device
  50. Groundwater quality and health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in Al Qaseem area, Saudi Arabia
  51. A comparative study of the antifungal efficacy and phytochemical composition of date palm leaflet extracts
  52. Processing of alcohol pomelo beverage (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) using saccharomyces yeast: Optimization, physicochemical quality, and sensory characteristics
  53. Specialized compounds of four Cameroonian spices: Isolation, characterization, and in silico evaluation as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  54. Identification of a novel drug target in Porphyromonas gingivalis by a computational genome analysis approach
  55. Physico-chemical properties and durability of a fly-ash-based geopolymer
  56. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
  57. Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils
  58. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer
  59. Deciphering the influenza neuraminidase inhibitory potential of naturally occurring biflavonoids: An in silico approach
  60. Determination of heavy elements in agricultural regions, Saudi Arabia
  61. Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
  62. Ameliorative effects of thistle and thyme honeys on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice
  63. Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. fractions
  64. Investigating the adsorption mechanism of zinc chloride-modified porous carbon for sulfadiazine removal from water
  65. Performance repair of building materials using alumina and silica composite nanomaterials with electrodynamic properties
  66. Effects of nanoparticles on the activity and resistance genes of anaerobic digestion enzymes in livestock and poultry manure containing the antibiotic tetracycline
  67. Effect of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized using Ocimum basilicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice lung infection model
  68. Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
  69. Anti-OTC antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic/silica and fluorescent hybrid silica nanoparticles for oxytetracycline detection
  70. Curcumin conjugated zinc nanoparticles for the treatment of myocardial infarction
  71. Identification and in silico screening of natural phloroglucinols as potential PI3Kα inhibitors: A computational approach for drug discovery
  72. Exploring the phytochemical profile and antioxidant evaluation: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of main compounds from three Solanum species in Saudi Arabia
  73. Unveiling the molecular composition and biological properties of essential oil derived from the leaves of wild Mentha aquatica L.: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico exploration
  74. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in Boerhavia elegans seeds by GC-MS
  75. Homology modeling and molecular docking study of corticotrophin-releasing hormone: An approach to treat stress-related diseases
  76. LncRNA MIR17HG alleviates heart failure via targeting MIR17HG/miR-153-3p/SIRT1 axis in in vitro model
  77. Development and validation of a stability indicating UPLC-DAD method coupled with MS-TQD for ramipril and thymoquinone in bioactive SNEDDS with in silico toxicity analysis of ramipril degradation products
  78. Biosynthesis of Ag/Cu nanocomposite mediated by Curcuma longa: Evaluation of its antibacterial properties against oral pathogens
  79. Development of AMBER-compliant transferable force field parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene
  80. Treatment of gestational diabetes by Acroptilon repens leaf aqueous extract green-formulated iron nanoparticles in rats
  81. Development and characterization of new ecological adsorbents based on cardoon wastes: Application to brilliant green adsorption
  82. A fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the standardization and quantitative determination of chlorhexidine acetate in commercial products
  83. Assessment of Se, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb content status in Ankang tea plantations of China
  84. Effect of transition metal chloride (ZnCl2) on low-temperature pyrolysis of high ash bituminous coal
  85. Evaluating polyphenol and ascorbic acid contents, tannin removal ability, and physical properties during hydrolysis and convective hot-air drying of cashew apple powder
  86. Development and characterization of functional low-fat frozen dairy dessert enhanced with dried lemongrass powder
  87. Scrutinizing the effect of additive and synergistic antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  88. Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat
  89. Antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methoxy-substituted Schiff bases using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular simulation approaches
  90. Anti-melanoma cancer activity and chemical profile of the essential oil of Seseli yunnanense Franch
  91. Molecular docking analysis of subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease (SLASP) and laccase with natural biopolymers
  92. Overcoming methicillin resistance by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Computational evaluation of napthyridine and oxadiazoles compounds for potential dual inhibition of PBP-2a and FemA proteins
  93. Exploring novel antitubercular agents: Innovative design of 2,3-diaryl-quinoxalines targeting DprE1 for effective tuberculosis treatment
  94. Drimia maritima flowers as a source of biologically potent components: Optimization of bioactive compound extractions, isolation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and pharmacological properties
  95. Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
  96. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
  97. Phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes
  98. Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
  99. Quality control analyses of selected honey samples from Serbia based on their mineral and flavonoid profiles, and the invertase activity
  100. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
  101. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats
  102. Quality changes of durian pulp (Durio ziberhinus Murr.) in cold storage
  103. Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
  104. Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Bukayriyah City, Saudi Arabia
  105. Larvicidal properties of essential oils of three Artemisia species against the chemically insecticide-resistant Nile fever vector Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): In vitro and in silico studies
  106. Design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations, along with in silico and in vitro antimicrobial proprieties of new isoxazole-amide conjugates
  107. The impact of drying and extraction methods on total lipid, fatty acid profile, and cytotoxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae
  108. A zinc oxide–tin oxide–nerolidol hybrid nanomaterial: Efficacy against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  109. Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
  110. Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
  111. Characterization and application of Fe1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
  112. Torilis arvensis ethanolic extract: Phytochemical analysis, antifungal efficacy, and cytotoxicity properties
  113. Magnetite–poly-1H pyrrole dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole: A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without using external sacrificing agent
  114. HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
  115. Efficient and stable to coking catalysts of ethanol steam reforming comprised of Ni + Ru loaded on MgAl2O4 + LnFe0.7Ni0.3O3 (Ln = La, Pr) nanocomposites prepared via cost-effective procedure with Pluronic P123 copolymer
  116. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots probe for selectively detecting Hg2+ in water samples and the detection mechanism
  117. Heavy metals in road dust from typical old industrial areas of Wuhan: Seasonal distribution and bioaccessibility-based health risk assessment
  118. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity evaluation of CBD- and THC-enriched Cannabis sativa extracts: In vitro and in silico investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
  119. Investigating dye adsorption: The role of surface-modified montmorillonite nanoclay in kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
  120. Antimicrobial activity, induction of ROS generation in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and chemical composition of Pterospermum heterophyllum
  121. Study on the performance of nanoparticle-modified PVDF membrane in delaying membrane aging
  122. Impact of cholesterol in encapsulated vitamin E acetate within cocoliposomes
  123. Review Articles
  124. Structural aspects of Pt(η3-X1N1X2)(PL) (X1,2 = O, C, or Se) and Pt(η3-N1N2X1)(PL) (X1 = C, S, or Se) derivatives
  125. Biosurfactants in biocorrosion and corrosion mitigation of metals: An overview
  126. Stimulus-responsive MOF–hydrogel composites: Classification, preparation, characterization, and their advancement in medical treatments
  127. Electrochemical dissolution of titanium under alternating current polarization to obtain its dioxide
  128. Special Issue on Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
  129. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus-castus L.
  130. Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)
  131. Exploitation of mangliculous marine fungi, Amarenographium solium, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against multiple drug-resistant bacteria
  132. Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.
  133. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part III
  134. Impact of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, development, and antioxidant system of high protein content crop (Lablab purpureus L.) sweet
  135. Green synthesis, characterization, and application of iron and molybdenum nanoparticles and their composites for enhancing the growth of Solanum lycopersicum
  136. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes
  137. Photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes using metal oxides and nanocomposites: A quantitative study
  138. Antifungal, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities of greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
  139. Special Issue on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Scrutinization of Medicinal Plants
  140. Hepatoprotective effects of safranal on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
  141. Chemical composition and biological properties of Thymus capitatus plants from Algerian high plains: A comparative and analytical study
  142. Chemical composition and bioactivities of the methanol root extracts of Saussurea costus
  143. In vivo protective effects of vitamin C against cyto-genotoxicity induced by Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract
  144. Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property
  145. A comprehensive review uncovering the anticancerous potential of genkwanin (plant-derived compound) in several human carcinomas
  146. A study to investigate the anticancer potential of carvacrol via targeting Notch signaling in breast cancer
  147. Assessment of anti-diabetic properties of Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) wild edible fruit extract: In vitro and in silico investigations through molecular docking analysis
  148. Optimization of polyphenol extraction, phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities of Physalis acutifolia
  149. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss
  150. Antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves
  151. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles by using Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) and their effect on wound healing
  152. Does Erodium trifolium (Cav.) Guitt exhibit medicinal properties? Response elements from phytochemical profiling, enzyme-inhibiting, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  153. Integrative in silico evaluation of the antiviral potential of terpenoids and its metal complexes derived from Homalomena aromatica based on main protease of SARS-CoV-2
  154. 6-Methoxyflavone improves anxiety, depression, and memory by increasing monoamines in mice brain: HPLC analysis and in silico studies
  155. Simultaneous extraction and quantification of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in Solanum lycopersicum L. varieties marketed in Saudi Arabia
  156. Biological evaluation of CH3OH and C2H5OH of Berberis vulgaris for in vivo antileishmanial potential against Leishmania tropica in murine models
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0074
Keywords for this article
P. aeruginosa; meropenem; ciprofloxacin; tobramycin; imipenem; amikacin; antibiotic susceptibility testing
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Porous silicon nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and their antifungal activity
  3. Biochar from de-oiled Chlorella vulgaris and its adsorption on antibiotics
  4. Phytochemicals profiling, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, and in silico studies on Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.: A comprehensive approach
  5. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of novel glycoconjugates as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial agents
  6. Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by potato starch: Its performance in the treatment of esophageal cancer
  7. Computational study of ADME-Tox prediction of selected phytochemicals from Punica granatum peels
  8. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts and essential oil derived from Artemisia herba-alba Asso
  9. Two triazole-based coordination polymers: Synthesis and crystal structure characterization
  10. Phytochemical and physicochemical studies of different apple varieties grown in Morocco
  11. Synthesis of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating ethyl para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L., extract with methacrylic acid as functional monomer
  12. Nutraceutical potential of Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii Hochst. ex Bioss.: Insights into its nutritional composition, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activity
  13. Evaluation of influence of Butea monosperma floral extract on inflammatory biomarkers
  14. Cannabis sativa L. essential oil: Chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial properties, and acute toxicity: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study
  15. The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
  16. Hollow mushroom nanomaterials for potentiometric sensing of Pb2+ ions in water via the intercalation of iodide ions into the polypyrrole matrix
  17. Determination of essential oil and chemical composition of St. John’s Wort
  18. Computational design and in vitro assay of lantadene-based novel inhibitors of NS3 protease of dengue virus
  19. Anti-parasitic activity and computational studies on a novel labdane diterpene from the roots of Vachellia nilotica
  20. Microbial dynamics and dehydrogenase activity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) rhizospheres: Impacts on growth and soil health across different soil types
  21. Correlation between in vitro anti-urease activity and in silico molecular modeling approach of novel imidazopyridine–oxadiazole hybrids derivatives
  22. Spatial mapping of indoor air quality in a light metro system using the geographic information system method
  23. Iron indices and hemogram in renal anemia and the improvement with Tribulus terrestris green-formulated silver nanoparticles applied on rat model
  24. Integrated track of nano-informatics coupling with the enrichment concept in developing a novel nanoparticle targeting ERK protein in Naegleria fowleri
  25. Cytotoxic and phytochemical screening of Solanum lycopersicum–Daucus carota hydro-ethanolic extract and in silico evaluation of its lycopene content as anticancer agent
  26. Protective activities of silver nanoparticles containing Panax japonicus on apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity
  27. pH-based colorimetric detection of monofunctional aldehydes in liquid and gas phases
  28. Investigating the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and regulation of gene expression of Caco-2 cells: Unravelling potential implications for colorectal cancer treatment
  29. Metformin inhibits knee osteoarthritis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats: S100A8/9 and S100A12 as players and therapeutic targets
  30. Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats
  31. Synthesis of new analogs of N-substituted(benzoylamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines
  32. Response of yield and quality of Japonica rice to different gradients of moisture deficit at grain-filling stage in cold regions
  33. Preparation of an inclusion complex of nickel-based β-cyclodextrin: Characterization and accelerating the osteoarthritis articular cartilage repair
  34. Empagliflozin-loaded nanomicelles responsive to reactive oxygen species for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury protection
  35. Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles
  36. Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition
  38. Biosynthesis and screening of cobalt nanoparticles using citrus species for antimicrobial activity
  39. Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis
  40. Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
  41. Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: Antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens
  42. Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread
  43. Comparative toxicity assessment of fisetin-aided artificial intelligence-assisted drug design targeting epibulbar dermoid through phytochemicals
  44. Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of bis-thiourea derivatives
  45. Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.
  46. GC–MS analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 metabolites and its computational analysis on familial pulmonary fibrosis hub genes
  47. Green formulation of copper nanoparticles by Pistacia khinjuk leaf aqueous extract: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of prostate cancer
  48. Improved photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles for Malachite green dye degradation under visible light irradiation: An effect of La doping
  49. One-pot synthesis of a network of Mn2O3–MnO2–poly(m-methylaniline) composite nanorods on a polypyrrole film presents a promising and efficient optoelectronic and solar cell device
  50. Groundwater quality and health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in Al Qaseem area, Saudi Arabia
  51. A comparative study of the antifungal efficacy and phytochemical composition of date palm leaflet extracts
  52. Processing of alcohol pomelo beverage (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) using saccharomyces yeast: Optimization, physicochemical quality, and sensory characteristics
  53. Specialized compounds of four Cameroonian spices: Isolation, characterization, and in silico evaluation as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  54. Identification of a novel drug target in Porphyromonas gingivalis by a computational genome analysis approach
  55. Physico-chemical properties and durability of a fly-ash-based geopolymer
  56. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
  57. Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils
  58. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer
  59. Deciphering the influenza neuraminidase inhibitory potential of naturally occurring biflavonoids: An in silico approach
  60. Determination of heavy elements in agricultural regions, Saudi Arabia
  61. Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
  62. Ameliorative effects of thistle and thyme honeys on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice
  63. Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. fractions
  64. Investigating the adsorption mechanism of zinc chloride-modified porous carbon for sulfadiazine removal from water
  65. Performance repair of building materials using alumina and silica composite nanomaterials with electrodynamic properties
  66. Effects of nanoparticles on the activity and resistance genes of anaerobic digestion enzymes in livestock and poultry manure containing the antibiotic tetracycline
  67. Effect of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized using Ocimum basilicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice lung infection model
  68. Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
  69. Anti-OTC antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic/silica and fluorescent hybrid silica nanoparticles for oxytetracycline detection
  70. Curcumin conjugated zinc nanoparticles for the treatment of myocardial infarction
  71. Identification and in silico screening of natural phloroglucinols as potential PI3Kα inhibitors: A computational approach for drug discovery
  72. Exploring the phytochemical profile and antioxidant evaluation: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of main compounds from three Solanum species in Saudi Arabia
  73. Unveiling the molecular composition and biological properties of essential oil derived from the leaves of wild Mentha aquatica L.: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico exploration
  74. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in Boerhavia elegans seeds by GC-MS
  75. Homology modeling and molecular docking study of corticotrophin-releasing hormone: An approach to treat stress-related diseases
  76. LncRNA MIR17HG alleviates heart failure via targeting MIR17HG/miR-153-3p/SIRT1 axis in in vitro model
  77. Development and validation of a stability indicating UPLC-DAD method coupled with MS-TQD for ramipril and thymoquinone in bioactive SNEDDS with in silico toxicity analysis of ramipril degradation products
  78. Biosynthesis of Ag/Cu nanocomposite mediated by Curcuma longa: Evaluation of its antibacterial properties against oral pathogens
  79. Development of AMBER-compliant transferable force field parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene
  80. Treatment of gestational diabetes by Acroptilon repens leaf aqueous extract green-formulated iron nanoparticles in rats
  81. Development and characterization of new ecological adsorbents based on cardoon wastes: Application to brilliant green adsorption
  82. A fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the standardization and quantitative determination of chlorhexidine acetate in commercial products
  83. Assessment of Se, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb content status in Ankang tea plantations of China
  84. Effect of transition metal chloride (ZnCl2) on low-temperature pyrolysis of high ash bituminous coal
  85. Evaluating polyphenol and ascorbic acid contents, tannin removal ability, and physical properties during hydrolysis and convective hot-air drying of cashew apple powder
  86. Development and characterization of functional low-fat frozen dairy dessert enhanced with dried lemongrass powder
  87. Scrutinizing the effect of additive and synergistic antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  88. Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat
  89. Antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methoxy-substituted Schiff bases using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular simulation approaches
  90. Anti-melanoma cancer activity and chemical profile of the essential oil of Seseli yunnanense Franch
  91. Molecular docking analysis of subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease (SLASP) and laccase with natural biopolymers
  92. Overcoming methicillin resistance by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Computational evaluation of napthyridine and oxadiazoles compounds for potential dual inhibition of PBP-2a and FemA proteins
  93. Exploring novel antitubercular agents: Innovative design of 2,3-diaryl-quinoxalines targeting DprE1 for effective tuberculosis treatment
  94. Drimia maritima flowers as a source of biologically potent components: Optimization of bioactive compound extractions, isolation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and pharmacological properties
  95. Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
  96. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
  97. Phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes
  98. Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
  99. Quality control analyses of selected honey samples from Serbia based on their mineral and flavonoid profiles, and the invertase activity
  100. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
  101. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats
  102. Quality changes of durian pulp (Durio ziberhinus Murr.) in cold storage
  103. Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
  104. Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Bukayriyah City, Saudi Arabia
  105. Larvicidal properties of essential oils of three Artemisia species against the chemically insecticide-resistant Nile fever vector Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): In vitro and in silico studies
  106. Design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations, along with in silico and in vitro antimicrobial proprieties of new isoxazole-amide conjugates
  107. The impact of drying and extraction methods on total lipid, fatty acid profile, and cytotoxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae
  108. A zinc oxide–tin oxide–nerolidol hybrid nanomaterial: Efficacy against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  109. Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
  110. Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
  111. Characterization and application of Fe1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
  112. Torilis arvensis ethanolic extract: Phytochemical analysis, antifungal efficacy, and cytotoxicity properties
  113. Magnetite–poly-1H pyrrole dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole: A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without using external sacrificing agent
  114. HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
  115. Efficient and stable to coking catalysts of ethanol steam reforming comprised of Ni + Ru loaded on MgAl2O4 + LnFe0.7Ni0.3O3 (Ln = La, Pr) nanocomposites prepared via cost-effective procedure with Pluronic P123 copolymer
  116. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots probe for selectively detecting Hg2+ in water samples and the detection mechanism
  117. Heavy metals in road dust from typical old industrial areas of Wuhan: Seasonal distribution and bioaccessibility-based health risk assessment
  118. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity evaluation of CBD- and THC-enriched Cannabis sativa extracts: In vitro and in silico investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
  119. Investigating dye adsorption: The role of surface-modified montmorillonite nanoclay in kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
  120. Antimicrobial activity, induction of ROS generation in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and chemical composition of Pterospermum heterophyllum
  121. Study on the performance of nanoparticle-modified PVDF membrane in delaying membrane aging
  122. Impact of cholesterol in encapsulated vitamin E acetate within cocoliposomes
  123. Review Articles
  124. Structural aspects of Pt(η3-X1N1X2)(PL) (X1,2 = O, C, or Se) and Pt(η3-N1N2X1)(PL) (X1 = C, S, or Se) derivatives
  125. Biosurfactants in biocorrosion and corrosion mitigation of metals: An overview
  126. Stimulus-responsive MOF–hydrogel composites: Classification, preparation, characterization, and their advancement in medical treatments
  127. Electrochemical dissolution of titanium under alternating current polarization to obtain its dioxide
  128. Special Issue on Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
  129. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus-castus L.
  130. Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)
  131. Exploitation of mangliculous marine fungi, Amarenographium solium, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against multiple drug-resistant bacteria
  132. Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.
  133. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part III
  134. Impact of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, development, and antioxidant system of high protein content crop (Lablab purpureus L.) sweet
  135. Green synthesis, characterization, and application of iron and molybdenum nanoparticles and their composites for enhancing the growth of Solanum lycopersicum
  136. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes
  137. Photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes using metal oxides and nanocomposites: A quantitative study
  138. Antifungal, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities of greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
  139. Special Issue on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Scrutinization of Medicinal Plants
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