Volume 24, Issue 1

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is introduced on the surface of a metal–organic framework material by solvothermal method to prepare nanorods (TE@Zn-MOFs) with both flame retardant and thermoelectric properties. Data from cone calorimeter and TG-IR show that TE@Zn-MOFs effectively improves the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy-based coatings. At a high TE@Zn-MOFs content of 10 wt%, the coating oxygen index increased from 18.2% to 29.0%, the total smoke release decreased from 25.26 to 22.60 m 2 , and the V-0 level was achieved in vertical combustion classification. Moreover, PEDOT enables epoxy-based coatings to output a certain current value at different heating temperatures (50–200°C). This work demonstrates that MOFs with flexible and variable structures can serve as effective flame retardants for epoxy-based coatings and endow coatings with fire warning characteristics, providing a way to develop multifunctional coatings for different application scenarios.

Highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns, which employ elastane filament (EF) as core, stainless steel wire, and thermochromic polyester filament as the first and second winding, was prepared, and the effect of elastane draft upon yarn properties was investigated. It was found that the elastane draft played an essential role in determining the final yarn behavior, and the optimized elastane draft parameter was 2.5 using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It is a distinctive configuration of yarn’s constituents and the EF draft that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of yarns, and it showed mechanical robustness following cyclic stretch. Importantly, the yarn exhibited rapid, durable, and reversible color conversion when subjected to cyclic voltage, cyclic abrasion, and alkali. Finally, a flower-shaped pattern was fabricated by embroidering yarn onto an elastic substrate as a proof-of-concept, and no obvious variation of color fidelity was observed during the stretch.

This work investigated the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and silica (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles, respectively, and the improvement in toughness of the ternary system with the incorporation of graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE- g -GMA). PET nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending extrusion and injection molding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to construct models for binary system filled with nanoparticles and ternary system with the additional inclusion of POE- g -GMA elastomers. The results of mechanical property tests and MD simulation revealed that the binary system exhibited increased elastic modulus and tensile strength, mainly attributed to the effective reinforcement of rigid nanoparticles and the surface adsorption between nanoparticles and the PET matrix enhanced the interfacial interactions. CaCO 3 indicated a more pronounced reinforcing effect, possibly due to the higher crystallinity of its composites. The incorporation of POE- g -GMA resulted in a significant improvement in impact strength and the elongation at break of PET nanocomposites. This enhancement in toughness is attributed to the elastomer’s ability to absorb a substantial amount of impact energy, while the elastic modulus is higher than that of pure PET.

The search for novel antibiotic-loaded biomaterials that support the management of osteomyelitis has been extensive in current years. This study developed multifunctional hydrogel to enhance the performance of osteo-conduction and antimicrobial as supporting implant materials for osteomyelitis treatment and prevention. Ciprofloxacin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels composed of silk fibroin and poloxamers were prepared using the cold method. F1, F2, and F3 formulations resulted in gelation time of within 3 min under 37°C. Physical evaluation showed that the formulations, especially F3, had a proper swelling ratio and 82.34% biodegradability within 14 days. Ciprofloxacin from formulations exhibited an initial burst release within 24 h and continuous delivery, with more than 84% release over 14 days. Released antibiotics showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and eradicating activity against biofilms. Moreover, hydrogels had no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells with 93–106% cell viability. This multifunctional hydrogel showed a promising approach for supporting osteomyelitis treatment and prevention.

The growth of marine economy urgently needs non-toxic coatings. This study provides a novel and green coating that obtains outstanding antifouling performance by combining the low surface energy effect and the fluorescent effect. The coating was synthesized by reacting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the fluorescent component with poly(ethylene- co -tetrafluoroethylene) resin. The introduction of TPE provided the resin coating with lower surface energy and fluorescent properties, leading to improve the antifouling performance. This study indicates fluorescent TPE polymers for marine antifouling and opens new horizons for the exploitation of fluorescent antifouling coatings.

In this study, we realized a highly luminescent polyester fiber using a special spinneret orifice comprised of eight C-shaped pores and specific process parameters. A moderate amount of reversible photochromism materials was added along with the specific color masterbatch of suitable materials. With its high light transmittance and reflectance, the fabric has high glossiness and excellent transparency and exhibits dazzling color effects with changes in ambient light intensity. The raw materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chips with a low melting point of 110–150°C, 0.3–0.5% (active ingredient 30%) masterbatch, and 40–50% (active ingredient 50%) reversible photochromism masterbatch. The following process parameters were also chosen: for the PET chips, the drying temperature was 80–90°C, the drying time was 12–14 h, the masterbatch drying temperature was 70–80°C, the drying time was 8–10 h, the spinning temperature was 220–230°C, the cooling air temperature was 15–17°C, the cooling air speed was 0.45–0.50 m·min −1 , the first hot roller temperature was 75–80°C, and the secondary hot roller had the heater turned off.

Porous molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were synthesized via iniferter-suspension polymerization method, employing lenacil (LA) as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. The host–guest complexes formed using LA and MAA were characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the interaction between LA and MAA mainly relied on hydrogen bonding. The surface morphologies and chemical structures of the MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. MIPs were spherical in shape with a relatively regular sphericity, rough surface structure, and numerous small holes, which significantly reduced the mass transfer resistance of the template molecules and exhibited excellent recognition performance for template molecules. In addition, soil samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction columns molecularly imprinted with LA, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of LA, bromacil, and terbacil were up to 89.65%, 53.17%, and 44.63%, respectively. The developed method showed a minimum detection limit of 10–50 µg·mL −1 . In view of the continuous increase of public requirements for pesticide residue detection, a versatile pretreatment method was developed that is green, rapid, simple, and can be miniaturized.

For eliminating the die swell phenomenon in 3D printing of GF/PP, a hot air assisted 3D printing method is proposed and its mechanism is studied. A two-phase flow model consisting of compressible gas and in-compressible melt is established, and the process of polymer filament extrusion is simulated. A series of experiments are conducted to compare the differences between traditional printing and gas-assisted printing in terms of extruded filament, temperature, and morphology. The simulation and experiment results show that the addition of gas effectively mitigates the melt die swell, and increases the extrusion filament temperature to more than 70°C. The extrusion pressure is reduced about two orders of magnitude, and the first normal stress is decreased from 400,000 to 20,000 Pa. The surface morphology of printed product is smoother and more refined. This study provides valuable information for understanding the principles of gas-assisted printing and demonstrates its potential for improving printing quality and efficiency.

Capacitive deionization electrode prepared by coating was commonly investigated, with polymer solution as binder and active particles as adsorbent. In the coating process, microstructure constituted by the two components was damaged by shear, then rebuilt when shear was removed. The microstructure strongly influenced the surface structure of the coated electrodes, further to performance and cycle life. The discussion of the interaction between the components in the coating process facilitates the identification of structural mechanisms. Rheology bridged the flow regimes in macroscale and interaction in microscale, through which the interaction between the polymer and particles can be investigated in a macroscopic phenomenon. In this study, hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were used as binders to prepare the suspension for coating. The influence of polymer molecular structure to interaction and microstructure was investigated by rheology. Results showed that the flexibility of polymer determined the adsorption morphology, leading to different flocculation structures. For rigid PVA, a 3d-crosslinked network was formed, giving a tough coating. While for flexible PEO, encapsulation structure was formed, leading to a brittle coating. A model based on bridging flocculation was evaluated to describe the formation and destruction of the flocculation structure. And a rheological method for binder selection and coating operation was proposed. Graphical abstract

The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature ( T g ), melting temperature ( T m ), decomposition temperature ( T d ), density ( ρ ), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield ( µ ), thermal conductivity ( k ), and viscosity ( η ). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence).

To study the impact response and compression-after-impact (CAI) behavior of perforated sandwich panels comprised of foam core and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid facesheets, the hole diameter of specimens is changed in the fabrication via vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Furthermore, low-velocity-impact tests with various impact distances between the impact point and hole are carried out. With the help of the digital image correlation technique, CAI testing is conducted, and the strain evolution of specimens is monitored carefully. The mechanical response history, damage morphology, and compressive process are discussed in detail. The results show that the impact and CAI performance of specimens are weakened because of open holes. Compared with the non-perforated specimen, the maximum force of the specimen with a 6-mm hole and the 5-mm impact distance decreases by 41.21%, and its maximum displacement increases by 38.60%. During the CAI process, in comparison with the impact damage, more significant stress concentration and buckling around the hole are found.

To address the undesirable reactions associated with matrine (MAT) injection in clinical settings, a high-loading drug delivery system (DDS) based on pH-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer (MAT@MIPs) was prepared for the first time. The imprinted materials containing recognition sites for the matrine were formed by using carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a supportive matrix and dopamine as a cross-linker due to its exceptional biocompatibility. Subsequently, the optimal reaction conditions and adsorption performance of MAT@MIPs were systematically investigated. The obtained polymers were characterized and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the MIPs demonstrated a favorable imprinting factor (2.36) and a high binding capacity (21.48 mg·g −1 ) for matrine. In vitro studies, we performed cell counting kit-8 assays in HepG2 cells, then the drug delivery capabilities of MAT-loaded MIPs were validated through light microscopy analyses, and the matrine content in culture medium was quantified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum synchronously. The facile fabrication of MAT@MIPs presents a viable solution for designing high-loading and pH-responsive DDS, which can offer a novel administration approach for drugs requiring injection in clinical applications.

A scalable approach for manufacturing highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns has been reported previously. Herein, the effects of twist-related technological parameters, namely, wrapping density and outer-inner twist ratio are investigated and have been optimized by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results indicate that the preparatory twist-related parameters have a remarkable effect on the spiral geometrical configuration of yarn constituents, and thus in turn influencing the final tensile and elastic properties of wrapped yarns. The wrapping density of 800 T·m −1 and outer-inner twist ratio of 1.25 were considered as the optimal alternative using TOPSIS. Moreover, a negative relation between voltage and color-changing time of yarn spun with optimal parameters was established. It was also found that the color of yarn above elevated triggered voltages always switched from purple to pink but followed different color-changing paths. More importantly, thermochromic response of yarn is insensitive to the applied strain.

Two-dimensional models of die-melt and die-gas-melt were created using Polyflow software. The radial and axial directions flow rate, shear rate, pressure, and first normal stress of the specimen were numerically simulated under conventional extrusion and gas-assisted extrusion while taking into consideration the heat transfer on the free surface of the specimen. The crystallinity was determined by combining the simulation data with the crystallization kinetics equation. The computation results are then examined using Origin software. The findings demonstrate that the use of gas-assisted extrusion technology can cause the V x to decrease or even turn negative by reducing the friction between the melting edge and the die wall. Additionally, it makes V y , pressure, shear rate, temperature, first normal stress, and crystallinity increasingly steady and aids in reducing or avoiding the Barus effect. The crystallization phenomena can be measured by using the crystallization kinetics equation. The study of extruded parts at the microscopic level will benefit from this application.

This article presents a novel simulation approach for solving the inverse problem of kinetic heterogeneity in polymerization processes, specifically focusing on the production of polyisoprene using a gadolinium chloride solvate-based catalytic system. The proposed method is based on the assumption that the distribution of active centers (ACs) can be described by model distributions. By utilizing primary physicochemical data, such as the polymerization rate and molecular weight distribution, the simulation approach automatically identifies the kinetic parameters, determining the Frenkel statistical parameter and solving the problem of kinetic heterogeneity. The experimental results revealed the presence of at least three distinct types of ACs, each contributing different proportions to the polymerization process. The simulation approach offers valuable insights into the complexities of catalytic systems and their role in polymerization, paving the way for optimizing reaction conditions and advancing industrial polymer synthesis processes. This study marks a significant step forward in understanding and controlling polymerization reactions, with potential implications for the development of innovative materials and industrial applications.

Despite the increasing interest in polyamide-based composites, few studies on polyamide-based natural fiber composites have been conducted due to their high melting temperatures of polyamide 6 (PA6). In this study, kenaf fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 composites (KF/PA6) were successfully prepared and their properties were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the neat PA6 has higher thermal stability with higher melting temperatures of 426°C, respectively, than KF/PA6 composites. The results of the differential scanning calorimeter showed that the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of KF/PA6 composites was slightly shifted to a higher temperature at 59°C than that of the neat PA6 at 45°C. The thermal and mechanical characteristics using dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the storage and loss modulus of the neat PA6 were higher than those of KF/PA6 composites. The neat PA6 showed the maximum tensile strength of 48 MPa; however, the maximum tensile modulus was obtained at 10 wt% KF with 2,100 MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of the neat PA6 were 91 and 2,506 MPa, respectively, which were higher than those of KF/PA6 composites. The impact strength also deteriorated with the addition of KF, from 3.72 to 1.91 kJ·m −2 . Voids, fiber pulled-out, and agglomeration were observed in scanning electron microscope analysis on the tensile fractured surfaces.

A series of filter rods (FRs) with sodium alginate (SA) modification were prepared by a simple one-pot pre-treatment surface modification method for the retention of typical smoke components. The influences of SA on the physico-chemical properties and adsorption behaviors (or retention characteristics) toward FRs were investigated in detail. Based on the results of XRD, BET, and SEM, it can be inferred that SA modification has no influences on compositions and textural properties of FRs. However, surface modification of FR by SA can greatly improve the hydrophilicity of FR, which is crucial for water retention. In situ diffuse Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results demonstrate that FR modified by 2 g·L −1 SA presents superior adsorption character for acetone. The differences in the adsorption or retention of water and acetone are ascribed to surface enriched functional groups tuned by surface engineering modification. By contrast, the modification of SA had no obvious effect on the adsorption of CO at room temperature. By contrast, at high temperature, low modification concentration is conducive to the CO 2 and CO adsorption. It presents a good perspective for the rational design of new filter materials to reduce the release of harmful components in cigarette smoke.

Polymer-based transition metal complexes have attracted much attention in many fields of application. In this article, a fluorescent polymer-based transition metal complex was prepared by bonding the transition metal complex with the polymer. First, Schiff base salicylaldehyde ethanolamine (HL) as a ligand was prepared by the reaction of salicylaldehyde with ethanolamine. Then, salicylaldehyde glycolamine Zn( ii ) transition metal complexes (ZnL 2 ) were synthesized with HL and Zn 2+ as the central ion. Finally, a blue fluorescent waterborne-based polyurethane Zn( ii ) complex (ZnL 2 -WPU) with an antibacterial function was prepared with ZnL 2 as a chain extender by modified acetone method. The characteristics of fluorescence, heat stability, and bacteriostasis were characterized. Compared with ZnL 2 , the UV–vis absorption peak of ZnL 2 -WPU shows a blue shift of about 20 nm. ZnL 2 -WPU has a strong blue fluorescence emission at 450 nm, and the intensity increases significantly with ZnL 2 content. Surprisingly, the fluorescence lifetime of ZnL 2 -WPU is obviously increased, reaching more than one time that of ZnL 2 . Interestingly, the antibacterial efficiency of ZnL 2 -WPU against E. coli reached an incredible 99%. More importantly, ZnL 2 -WPU uses water as the dispersing medium, which is more environmentally friendly.

To investigate the impact behavior and residual strength of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates embedded with/without steel wire mesh, low-velocity-impact (LVI) and post-impact tensile tests are conducted carefully. According to the wire diameter and spacing of steel wire mesh, we manufactured two groups of specimens via conventional vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Further, the digital image correlation technique was applied to record the strain evolution. Based on the results, including impact response history, failure morphology, strain contour, the failure mechanism and effect of the parameters of steel wire mesh is revealed in detail. The results show that the embedding of wire mesh can improve the impact resistance and residual strength, with a more significant effect as both the increase of wire diameter and decrease of wire spacing. Compared with GFRP laminates, the peak force of specimens with the thickest and densest wire mesh increase by 105% and 141% under LVI tests and 254% and 141% in post-impact tensile tests, respectively.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding rubber effectively fills gaps in electronic devices to prevent electromagnetic (EM) leakage. However, research on the potential application of EMI shielding rubber in the field of space is limited. This study explores the optimal amount of silver-coated aluminum powder (SCA) in SCA/ methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) composites to balance the electrical and mechanical properties of EMI shielding rubber. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 41.8 vol% SCA/MVQ composite exceeded 90 dB in the frequency range between 100 and 1,200 MHz with a compression set of only 14%. To address the outgassing characteristics of silicone rubber in a vacuum environment, both pre-heating and post-heating treatments for reducing rubber volatility are explored, proving that silicone rubber followed by 4 h of post-heating treatment at 200°C, is an appropriate solution to reduce silicone rubber volatility, leading to the SCA/MVQ composite with a total mass loss of only 0.2%, and a collected volatile condensable material of only 0.02%. In addition, high reliability is crucial for EMI shielding materials. SCA/MVQ composite exhibits excellent adaptability to vacuum temperature cycles, with the EMI SE maintained at 90 dB after cycles. At room temperature, after 30 days of storage, the EMI SE of the composite remains at 90 dB. These findings indicate that SCA/MVQ composites exhibit broad potential applications in the field of EM sealing for aerospace electronic devices.

The rising demand for thermosetting polymers has resulted in the production of large amounts of industrial waste. Environmental issues due to waste landfills and increased raw material costs for new product development have led to the development of innovative recycling methods. This study focuses on the development of a product (helmet shell) by reinforcing thermosetting polymer waste (TPW) as a filler in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The HDPE and TPW were converted into extrudates using a twin-screw extruder. Then, the extrudate was pelletized to use as raw material for the injection molding machine. The HDPE/TPW composites were fabricated using injection molding. Maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene was employed as a compatibilizer. In the composite, the TPW volume was reinforced at various weight percentages, ranging from 0 to 35 wt%. The mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of the composites can be enhanced by uniformly dispersing TPW in the HDPE matrix. However, it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion at higher TPW volumes owing to the agglomeration effect. According to these findings, the mechanical properties were enhanced by up to 30 wt% addition of TPW. The findings suggest that the proposed composite has sufficient mechanical properties to be suitable for the fabrication of helmet shells. Graphical abstract

To enhance the mechanical properties of the Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether solid propellant matrix, the uniaxial tension of multi-component systems is simulated and the factors influencing the mechanical properties of the propellant matrix are investigated. First, mesoscale models of five types of systems include poly alpha olefin (PAO(3)), polyethylene glycol (PEG200, PEG400, PEG600), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) are established, followed by uniaxial tensile simulations. The results show PEG600, PEG400, PEG200, BDO, and PAO(3) in order of enhancing the mechanical performance of the matrix. Second, the diffusion behavior of nitroglycerin (NG) and butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) in various systems is investigated. The results show that NG exhibits higher diffusion capacity than BTTN, and the diffusion coefficient increases with an increment in the molecular weight of PEG. Additionally, the influence of different plasticizer ratios (2.8–3.0), curing parameters (1.58–1.62), and chain extension parameters (0.08–0.10) on the mechanical properties of the PEG600 system are investigated. The results demonstrate that as the plasticizer ratio increases, there is a gradual decrease in the modulus of the matrix. Additionally, an increase in the curing parameter leads to a substantial enhancement in the tensile strength of the matrix, while increasing the chain extension parameter significantly expands the maximum tensile length of the matrix. Finally, employing the Slip-Spring model, the effects of the physical and chemical cross-linked network of the propellant are simulated. The result shows that increasing the content of a chemical cross-linked network significantly improves the tensile strength of the matrix.

A series of high temperature vulcanization (HTV) silicone rubbers with TiO 2 ultraviolet (UV) shielding layer and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic layer were prepared via stepwise spray method. It was found that the hydrophobic PTFE liquid emulsion (PTFE L ) could steadily and tightly adhere to the HTV silicone rubber surface by spray method after pre-mixing with permanent room temperature vulcanized (PRTV) silicone rubber during the first step spray. And the subsequent introduction of TiO 2 and PTEF solid powder (PTFE S ) could improve the UV shielding ability and further increase the hydrophobicity of HTV silicone rubber during the second step spray after pre-blending. The accelerated hygrothermal aging process and UV aging process were used to analyze the effect of coating structure and composition on anti-aging performance. And the results indicated that the HTV silicone rubber with PRTV-PTFE L /TiO 2 -PTFE S composite coating showed a favorable UV shielding ability and also possessed an excellent hydrophobicity due to the introduction of low surface energy matter and the building of coarse micro-nano hydrophobic structure. After the aging process, the cracked micro-surface, increased water absorption and decreased mechanical property were displayed for the neat HTV silicone rubber, and these aging phenomena got dramatically improved for PRTV-PTFE L /TiO 2 -PTFE S coating HTV silicone rubber. Graphical abstract High temperature vulcanization silicone rubber with hydrophobic–uvioresistant composite coating built by stepwise spray method showed a micro-nano structure and displayed the favorable hydrophobicity and ultraviolet shielding capability.

With the help of bolted joints to assemble a complex structure, carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) is widely used in various fields. However, stress concentration around holes at the bolted joints leads to a decrease in bearing capacity. Composites often result in mechanical degradation subjected to a complex hydrothermal environment. Therefore, to study the tensile behavior of CFRP bolted joints subjected to hydrothermal aging, the tensile tests are conducted carefully. The influence of aging time and temperature on tensile strength is investigated based on the response history, strain contour, and failure morphology. The failure mechanism is revealed via digital image correlation technology. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the structure in hydrothermal aging decreases significantly. Compared with the unaged specimens, the peak force of the specimens aged for 6 weeks at 25°C and 65°C is reduced by 22.79% and 35.63%, respectively. Under both the unaged and aged, the same bearing failure is found in the tensile tests of CFRP single-bolt single-lap joints.

The structure and transition behavior of crosslinked thermo-responsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethylmethacrylate- co -(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate) (P(MEO 2 MA- co -EGMA 360 )) gel film on a flat cellulosic-based substrate were investigated. The regenerated cellulose (RC) film was prepared by spin-coating with trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC), followed by etching with hydrochloric acid vapor on a treated silicon wafer, then crosslinked polymer gel film was obtained by spin-coating, drying, and baking with a pre-crosslinked solution containing polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and atomic force microscopy results show that a RC film with a thickness of 25 nm is generated in the upper layer of TMSC film on the silicon wafer. The cross-linking induces closer arrangement and hinders the extension of chain segments, leading to less prominent phase transition behaviors of polymer gel films. By quartz crystal microbalance measurement and 3D microscopes, a phase transition hysteresis is discovered, the hydrated and loose structure of crosslinked polymer gel film switches to dehydrated and compact structure in initial heating process, which subsequently recovers during the following cooling process. However, the degrees of rehydration and flexibility of film could not reach the initial value because of the insufficient transition time and steric hindrance caused by crosslinking.

The heterogeneous nucleation process of polypropylene (PP)/high density polyethylene (HDPE)/thermoplastic elastomer (POE) composites was realized through blending modification, and characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis, were used to analyze the pattern of the impact of modified dicyclohexyl-terephthalamide (TMB-5) on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PP/HDPE/POE composites. The results indicated that the modified TMB-5 was advantageous to the improvement of the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the high-temperature (cooking temperature)-resistant PP/HDPE/POE composites. When the amount of added modified TMB-5 was 0.4%, the impact strength and tensile strength of the PP/HDPE/POE composites increased to 36.3 kJ/m 2 and 31.7 MPa, respectively, which were, respectively, 99.5% and 8.5% higher than those of the materials prepared when the amount of added modified TMB was 0.1%. The materials had higher storage modulus in room-temperature and high-temperature environments: 2,438.2 MPa (room temperature), 1,103.9 MPa (120°C), and 1,054.8 MPa (140°C). In addition, the capability of the PP/HDPE/POE composites to crystallize was improved continuously, and the crystallinity increased considerably. At the same time, the crystallization and melting temperatures increased, β-crystal formation was induced, and glass transition temperature increased, thus effectively improving the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the high-temperature (cooking temperature)-resistant PP/HDPE/POE composites.

To investigate the potential applications of bio-based epoxy resins across diverse fields, this study synthesized a bio-based epoxy resin using itaconic acid (EIA) as the precursor material and compared its thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties with those of epoxy acrylate (EA). The findings indicate that the glass transition temperature and the 5% thermal decomposition temperature of the EIA-cured system are higher than those of EA. The breakdown field strength of the EIA-cured system is slightly higher than that of EA (35.58 kV·mm −1 ), suggesting that EIA exhibits stronger electrical properties compared to EA. Mechanical property tests demonstrate that the tensile strength, elongation at the fracture point, and Shore hardness of the EIA-cured system are superior to those of EA. In conclusion, EIA, serving as a matrix resin, is influenced by cross-linking density and intramolecular ester bonding and exhibits close electrical strength but superior mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties than EA.

Graphical abstract Polyglycolide-based polyurethane was synthesized via chain extension reaction. As the hard segment content increases, its thermal stability and mechanical properties are improved; and the weight loss rate in PBS solution is reduced. Abstract Novel degradable polyglycolide-based polyurethanes (PGAUs) were synthesized using polyglycolic diol (PGA diol) as soft segment, 1,6- n -hexane diisocyanate (HDI) as hard segment, and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as chain extender agent. PGA diol ( M n = 10,000 g·mol −1 ) was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of glycolide in the presence of BDO using stannous octanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) as a catalyst. The structures of PGA diol and PGAUs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). The PGA diol and PGAUs were further studied by the means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile testing, scanning electron microscope, and hydrolytic degradation behavior testing. FTIR and 1 H NMR analyses indicated that the PGAUs were easily prepared by chain-extension reaction. The results showed that the PGAUs had improved thermal stability and enhanced mechanical properties with the hard segment increased. Degradation behavior suggested that the PGAUs could be degraded in phosphate-buffered saline solution.

The use of composite laminates is characterized by problems such as poor inter-layer bonding and susceptibility of material properties to fatigue cracking, which seriously threaten structural safety. Research on fatigue damage characteristics and fatigue life prediction of fiber-reinforced composites can help to solve such problems. Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite laminates are taken as the object of this study. By analyzing the fatigue failure process and the fatigue failure micromorphology of the specimen, the primary damage forms and fatigue damage characteristics of its fatigue failure were obtained. The fatigue failure process of fiber-reinforced composites was simulated using finite element analysis software ABAQUS and its UMAT subroutine function. The tensile–tensile fatigue damage characteristics and failure mechanism of fiber-reinforced composites were studied, and the fatigue life of the composites was predicted. The feasibility of this life prediction method was verified by comparing it with experimentally obtained damage processes and fatigue lives. This intuitive and reliable life prediction method has good research potential for predicting the fatigue limit of fiber-reinforced composites.

The demand for sustainable textiles has increased research on bio-based biopolymers. Fiber spinning from starch biopolymer and its blends was widely attempted using electro-spinning; however, it is less attempted using melt spinning which is an industrially feasible method. In this study, native tapioca starch is converted into thermoplastic starch (TPS), blended with polylactic acid (PLA), and is attempted for melt spinnability in its neat and blended form TPS/PLA (70/30) with the intention of checking the possibility of melt spinning. The results from characterization of the prepared biopolymers show that thermal analysis of neat TPS does not reveal clear thermal transitions, glass transition ( T g ), and melting ( T m ), in the second heating curve, rather it influenced crystallization behavior of PLA as seen from differential scanning calorimetry result and degradation temperature ( T d ) was found to be in the range of 296–352°C from thermogravimetric analysis showing that addition of PLA improved thermal stability of TPS. Morphology analysis with AFM images revealed the presence of granular starch in neat TPS and phase separation in TPS/PLA blends with finer phase distribution in the presence of additives. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result shows the interaction between starch, glycerol, and PLA showing the effect of thermoplasticization of starch which brings rupture or weakening of the strong glycosidic bonds in between starch molecules and interaction between TPS and PLA as it can be seen from peak shift and peak intensity. The melt spinning trials show the possibility of melt spinning TPS-based biopolymers into fibers even with higher content of TPS as well as neat TPS giving an insight and motivation for more research engagement. The melt-spun fibers were found to have a diameter in the range of 160.0–117.0 μm. However, additional experiments and investigations are required to improve the mechanical and other properties of the fibers.

It is urgent to acquire a feasible strategy for balancing the strength and ductility of polylactic acid (PLA) in the application of biodegradable packaging materials. In this study, a new strategy is provided to enhance mechanical, barrier, and optical properties by the synergetic effect of manipulating the amorphous chain entanglement network and constructing the “nano- walls” of highly aligned calcium sulfate whisker (CSW), zinc phenylphosphonate (PPZn), and well-defined crystals via biaxial stretching. PPZn is verified as a nucleator to accelerate the crystallization rate and induce α-form crystals. CSW is regarded as a supporting skeleton to strengthen the entanglement density of the chain network. The extensional stress, which is induced by biaxial stretching, regulates the amorphous chain entanglement network and facilitates the chain orientation. As a result, the synergetic structure displays an outstanding capacity for improving the mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of PLA. Compared to the PLA film, the biaxially stretched PLA/PPZn/CSW films exhibit high strength, excellent ductility, and superior crystallinity, which are significantly increased by up to 53.2%, 381.3%, and 748.9%, respectively. And their gas and water vapor barrier properties remarkably increased by 65.39% and 73.11%, respectively. The optical property with a haze value of 52.4% and good transmittance of 97.4% is also obtained via the synergetic effect. With the excellent comprehensive properties of PLA films, this new strategy explores a new field in environmentally friendly packaging materials and is relevant to future work. Graphical Abstract

The application of bio-based solvents for living radical polymerization has been a hot topic in recent year. In this article, γ-valerolactone (GVL), a bio-based solvent as green media for ARGET atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) were investigated. We first conducted polymerization of St in γ-valerolactone using copper( ii ) bromide as the catalyst, tris(2-pyridylmethyl) amine as the ligand, and only sodium ascorbate as reducing agent. The polymerization achieved moderate conversion; however, the controllability of polymerization was not very good, providing a polymer with a broad molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n > 1.30). When sodium carbonate is introduced, excellent results were obtained providing high yields and low M w / M n values under very low catalyst usage (∼5 ppm). 1 H NMR spectroscopy, chain extension, and MALDI–MS experiments confirmed the final polymer chains with high fidelity. The use of GVL solvent opens a new route for the easy synthesis of PS through ARGET ATRP with low catalyst usage conditions.

Luminescent down-shifting (LDS) nanohybrid films are considered a potential solution to match the absorption spectrum of photovoltaic (PV) cells with the AM1.5 solar spectrum. LDS films were prepared by spin-coating polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) doped with indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs). The effect of doping concentration was investigated using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that all PMMA LDS nanohybrid films were amorphous and exhibited thermal and chemical stability for all the doping concentrations of QDs. The optimal doping concentration was 0.06 wt%, demonstrating a tunable emission of the highest fluorescence quantum yield of 92% and the lowest reabsorption effect. This film showed the maximum enhancement of the efficiency of c-Si PV cells by 24.28% due to the down-conversion of ultraviolet A (UVA) portion of solar spectrum (320–400 nm) to match the sensitivity of c-Si PV cells. The implications of these results are significant for advancing affordable and clean energy in alignment with important sustainable development goals.

The current work aims to develop a new composite-based epoxy doped with calcinated clay for low and intermediate gamma-ray energy applications. The increased calcinated clay material concentration between 0 and 60 wt% enhances the constructed composites by 21.07%, from 1.139 ± 0.011 to 1.379 ± 0.013 g·cm −3 . Moreover, new bonds have appeared in Fourier transform infrared analyses of fabricated composites, which confirm the diffusion and interactions between the calcinated clay material and epoxy resin. Furthermore, the impacts of the calcinated clay on the gamma-ray shielding properties were examined experimentally using the NaI (Tl) detector over an energy interval changing from 33 to 1,408 keV. The experimental examinations depict that the addition of calcinated clay with concentrations between 0 and 60 wt% enhances the developed composites’ linear attenuation coefficient by 67.9%, 24.5%, 35.9%, and 46.0% at gamma-ray energies of 81, 662, 1,275, and 1,408 keV, respectively. The improvement in the linear attenuation coefficient leads to a decrease in the required half-value layer for each composite, where it decreased between 4.82–3.87 cm (at 662 keV) and 7.63–5.22 cm (at 1,408 keV).

The underwater curing agents have demonstrated promising potential in various applications, especially in underwater repair engineering, yet have proven considerable challenging. Here, we report a cardanol-based curing agent for epoxy resin that achieves robust adhesion to steel and concrete substrates both in air and underwater. Cardanol, paraformaldehyde, and m -phenyldimethylamine are selected as the polymeric monomers to synthesize curing agent by Mannich reaction in the absence of chemical cross-linker agents. The coating is completely cured within 46 ± 1 min in air and 54 ± 2 min under water with an adhesion of 0 or 1 and a hardness of 5H. The impact strength, shear strength, and tensile strength of coating on underwater concrete were 9.58 ± 0.41 kJ·m −2 , 13.1 ± 0.3, and 10.5 ± 0.2 MPa, respectively, demonstrating exceptional flexibility and mechanical strength as well as favorable hydrophobicity. This work paves the way for the rehabilitation of underwater drainage network for urban infrastructure and water conservancy projects.

Lightweight and highly tough polymer foams play a crucial role in resource conservation and environmental protection. One such biodegradable material that has garnered attention for its excellent processability and mechanical properties is polybutylene succinate (PBS). However, achieving PBS foams with superior mechanical properties remains a significant challenge. In this study, we prepared PBS foams with higher ductility and impact toughness using foam injection molding. The improved ductility of these foams can be attributed to the highly oriented cellular structure along the direction of the tensile load, transforming from regular circular shapes to tubular ones. This cellular structure effectively blunts crack tips, thereby enhancing impact performance. When the mold-opening distance is 0.4 mm, the fracture elongation of PBS foams is 486%, the tensile toughness is 4,586 MJ·cm −3 , and the impact strength is 12.73 kJ·m −2 . These values are 98%, 53%, and 29% higher than those of unfoamed PBS, respectively. As the mold-opening distance increases, the relative density of PBS foams decreases, leading to a reduction in fracture elongation, tensile toughness, and impact strength. Interestingly, the specific impact strength of PBS foams consistently surpasses that of unfoamed PBS, and increases proportionally to the mold-opening distance. Graphical abstract

Based on the experimental and theoretical radiation attenuation, this study produced and tested a composite material made of polyester reinforced with SnO at varied concentrations and abbreviated as Pol-SnO x , where x = 0–60% with steps of 20 wt% Also, the polyester samples were doped with SnO of different particle sizes: Micro, Nano, and 50% Micro/50% Nano mix to investigate the effect of the particle size on the radiation attenuation performance. In the photon energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, their radiation shielding properties were empirically determined using an HPGe detector and theoretically determined using Phy-X/PSD software. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values dropped from 1.361 to 0.022 cm −1 for Pol-SnO0, from 13.611 to 0.033 cm −1 for Pol-SnO20, from 31.700 to 0.049 cm −1 for Pol-SnO40, and from 61.076 to 0.076 cm −1 for Pol-SnO60 in the photon energy (Eγ) range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. The LAC values of the fabricated Pol-SnOx samples increased as the SnO concentrations increased. Also, the addition of 50% Micro/50% Nano mix particle size of the SnO to the polyester significantly increased the values of the LAC. The percentages of LAC improvement of SnO nano-particles were 16.625%, 13.236%, 8.714%, and 7.935% at the Eγ values of 0.059, 0.661, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV, respectively. Also, the LAC values were enhanced by adding SnO containing 50% Micro/50% Nano mix particles by 19.097%, 15.271%, 9.854%, and 9.071% at the Eγ values of 0.059, 0.661, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV, respectively, when compared to microparticles. The addition of 50% Micro/50% Nano Mix of SnO with 60% content to the polyester showed the highest LAC and radiation protection efficiency and lowest half-value layer and transmission factor among the other samples due to increased SnO doping and interparticle distances of the Micro and Nano mix.

To investigate the impact and flexure behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymers/aluminum-honeycomb sandwich panel, low-velocity impact, compression-after-impact (CAI), and three-point flexure tests are conducted carefully. Four kinds of carbon fiber prepregs are selected to make face sheets by hot press preparation. Further, the digital image correlation technique is employed to record the damage evolution under the compression and flexure loads. The results show that the sandwich structure has two stages of impact response, first, the brittle behavior of the upper panel, and then the resistance of both sandwich and lower panel to absorb energy. In the CAI test, the failure position shifts from the ends to the impact cross section, and the compressive strength can be reduced by 40% only by 1 J impact. The strength of in-plane flexure is at least twice greater than that of out-of-plane flexure. The damage and deformation of in-plane flexure are found mainly in the upper panel and sandwich core, and the lower panel bends significantly.

The global increase in polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based waste fiber poses a persistent environmental risk. While efforts have been made to repurpose waste fibers into bags, clothing, and building materials, the depolymerization process to extract pure raw materials for recycling remains underdeveloped. This study investigates the impact of normal hexane treatment on the purity of terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered from wastewater containing sodium terephthalate, ethylene glycol, and impurities generated during polyester fabric weight reduction or waste fiber recycling processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the recovered TPA (rTPA) revealed a maximum purity of 99.81%, suggesting the effective removal of diverse contaminants such as adhesives and surfactants present in waste fibers through normal hexane and activated carbon treatments. This research contributes to the development of efficient and sustainable PET waste fiber recycling processes, highlighting the potential of normal hexane treatment in enhancing the purity of rTPA.

Metal ions are crucial in the production and preservation of fresh natural rubber latex. However, they also catalyze the thermo-oxidative aging of rubber products, leading to premature product degradation. This study investigates the use of tannic acid (TA) to chelate metal ions, thereby enhancing the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of natural rubber (NR). The findings indicate that NR treated with a 1.5 g·L −1 TA solution exhibits superior tensile strength, elongation at break, and crosslink density post-thermo-oxidative aging compared to untreated samples. Analysis of ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that TA’s resistance to thermo-oxidative aging stems from its ability to form stable chelates with metal ions, reducing their catalytic activity and mitigating oxidative degradation. Consequently, TA chelation treatment is proposed as an effective method to enhance the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of NR. Graphical abstract

Multi-stage plugging represents a promising strategy for enhancing production and injection rates in medium-and low-permeability oilfields. Despite its potential, the efficacy of current plugging agents, particularly hydrophobically bonded water-soluble polyacrylamide-based gel microspheres, is hindered by notable drawbacks such as low stability and inadequate compressive strength. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of water plugging mechanisms coupled with the optimization of gel microsphere properties is essential for advancing the development of gel-based plugging agents with superior characteristics or intelligent regulatory capabilities. The P(AA-AM-[PrSO 3 ]Vim) ionic liquid copolymerized gel particles were designed and synthesized by using microfluidic technique and titration gel method with AM, acrylic acid (AA), 1-vinylimidazole (Vim) and 1,3-propylsulfonyl lactone (PrSO 3 ) as the raw materials. The morphology and structure of the copolymer gel particles were characterized, and the effects of [PrSO 3 ]Vim and cross-linker content on the water-absorbing properties and strength of the gel particles were investigated. When the amount of [PrSO 3 ]Vim was 12%, the concentration of crosslinker was 1.5%, and the temperature was 40°C, the water absorption capacity reached the maximum value of 163 g·g −1 . The strength of the P(AA–AM–[PrSO 3 ]Vim) spherical gel particles was maximized at a [PrSO 3 ]Vim content of 4%. Furthermore, the chemical and physical roles of the P(AA–AM–[PrSO 3 ]Vim) spherical gel particles were studied in a typical water-plugging environment. This study provides experimental data and a theoretical basis for the application of functional spherical gel-plugging particles in current oilfield environments.

Diolefin elastomers play an important role in production and life, but their unsaturated structure leads to extreme vulnerability to heat and oxygen attack, so research into the aging of diolefin elastomers has been a hot spot in the industry. To overcome this limitation, a strategy based on the thermal decomposition of 1,1′-Azobis(cyclohexanezonitrile) (Azo) is devised, which forms stabilized compounds with imine groups during the heat process and captures radical. The diolefin elastomer was combined with azo, and isoprene rubber (IR) is chosen as a model material. Azo was added to IR to prepare the composite material (IR-Azo), and the thermo-oxidative resistance of the composite was significantly improved. Such as, after being exposed to thermo-oxidative conditions for 24 h, IR-Azo showed a tensile strength of 14.96 MPa with a retention rate of 68.25% which exceeded that of many traditional antioxidants. This study provides new insights into the development of elastomers with excellent thermo-oxidative resistance.

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are versatile materials, but their sensitivity to humidity affects performance. Esterification with fatty acids enhances the hydrophobicity of CNF films. This study compared gas- and liquid-phase esterification using three fatty acid chlorides at different dosages. Gas-phase esterification minimally affected cellulose crystallinity, maintaining a crystallinity index exceeding 55.8%, whereas liquid-phase esterification significantly reduced crystallinity. Gas-phase esterification achieved hydrophobicity (water contact angle >100°) with less fatty acid chlorides (0.50 eq/OH) compared to liquid-phase esterification (1.00 eq/OH). Tensile strength significantly dropped in the liquid phase (68.4–6 MPa) and up to an 8-fold decrease in the elastic modulus. Conversely, gas-phase esterification maintained tensile strength over 40 MPa, and elastic modulus increased by a minimum of 2.5 times. However, gas-phase esterification resulted in a 5-fold reduction in elongation at break (%). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a high T max of 362°C for liquid-phase esterified samples and a substantial 24.9% residual weight for gas-phase esterified samples.

This study employed the finite element method to investigate the biaxial stretching deformation mechanism of polyamide 6 (PA6) Film. First, the PA6 film was subjected to biaxial stretching experiments under various conditions. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model of PA6 film was established. The biaxial stretching experiments of PA6 films under various conditions were simulated by the established finite element model. The results show that the biaxial stretching of the films under various conditions exhibited a transition from elastic deformation to plastic deformation. Meanwhile, as the stretching ratio increases, the more uniform stress and strain distribution on the film surface can be found in the stress and strain contour diagrams. The stress and strain distributions were found to be largely consistent under various annealing temperatures. However, lower stretching rates resulted in higher internal stress intensity, making the films more resistant to biaxial stretching. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for a deeper understanding of the deformation mechanisms of PA6 films during the biaxial stretching process.

Temperature and chain length play significant roles in determining the physical properties of polymer melts. In the current computational research, a molecular dynamics (MD) approach was implemented to describe the static and dynamic properties of (1) high-density polyethylene-1-butene with 120 beads in backbone (PE120) and (2) entangled high-density polyethylene-1-butene with 600 beads in the backbone (PE600). The transferable potentials for phase equilibria force fields were used for CH 2 beads in a defined initial condition. First, the equilibrium phase of the designed systems was reported with total energy and density convergency at various initial temperatures ( T 0 = 450, 470, and 490 K). Also, gyration radius ( R g ) and end-to-end distance ( R ) were calculated for the static behavior description of the two PEs. Zero-shear viscosity ( η 0 ), mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficient ( D ) were estimated to define the dynamic behavior of PE120 and PE600 systems. MD outputs predicted that 10 ns is sufficient for equilibrium phase detection inside polymeric samples. After equilibrium phase detection, R g converged to 14.97 and 17.35 Å in PE120 and PE600, respectively ( T 0 = 450 K). Furthermore, MD outputs show that temperature variation can considerably affect the time evolution of the system. Numerically, the η 0 of PE120 and PE600 converged to 49 and 168 cp at 450 K. These results of η 0 parameter as a function of temperature are an important output of MD simulations. The results predicted that η 0 decreases to 24 and 44 cp for PE120 and PE600 samples with an increase in temperature from 450 to 490 K. With the creation of the entanglements network, D reached the highest value of 2 × 10 −9 m 2 ·s −1 among the designed polymeric systems. The results are in good consistency with experimental reports. It is expected that the result of this study can be used in designing improved polymeric systems for real applications.

The matrix and particle interface of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant is the weakest part of its mechanical properties, making it prone to dewetting damage and destroying the structural integrity of the propellant. This article uses nano-indentation, gas cluster ion beam etching, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experimental analyses to study the physicochemical properties of the interface and subsequently construct a microscopic model for the HTPB matrix and ammonium perchlorate particle interface. The model fully considers the existing forms of curing agent toluene diisocyanate, bonding agent Tris (2-methyl-aziridine) phosphine oxide (MAPO), and the aging products of the propellant in the interface structure. Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, and adhesive properties of the interface under different tensile loading conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that the bonding agent MAPO significantly enhances the mechanical and adhesive properties of the interface. The interface is sensitive to changes in temperature and tensile rate, and the aged interface is more fragile.

To address the excessive energy consumption of building cooling, the coverage of passive radiation cooling materials on the surface of buildings can effectively save the global refrigeration power resources and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration equipment. In this work, passive radiation hydrophobic fabric cooling materials with three functional layers (i.e., top polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS] film layer for solar emissivity, middle polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] film layer for solar reflectivity, and bottom cotton fabric layer for support) were prepared. This passive radiation cooling material with optimized thickness of PDMS (1.5 mm) and PMMA (3.5 mm) have a rich uneven filament structure and ideal internal bonding structure, which enabled 94% of solar reflectivity and 93.4% of atmospheric window emissivity (8–14 μm). Top layer of the composite film was hydrophobic (a contact angle of 117°) and allowed the rolling of water droplets to remove most of the surface dust. Moreover, these composites presented an excellent cooling of 7.7–15.0°C in the outdoor real cooling test. For medium-sized houses, the roof covered with composite was expected to reduce the emission CO 2 by 17% every year. The findings of this work indicated that the prepared three-layered radiation cooling materials have great potentials in thermal energy storage buildings.

Excessive existence of fluoride in water resources can lead to harmful impacts on ecosystems and organisms. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes loaded with La(OH) 3 nanorods composites (La(OH) 3 /PAN electrospun nanofiber membranes [ENFMs]) are fabricated and used as an efficient fluoride scavenger. Adsorbent fabricate protocols, pH, initial F − concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time, in addition to coexisting anions, were systematically evaluated. The investigation unveils that a pH of 3.0 is optimal for F − remediation. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of La(OH) 3 /PAN ENFMs are well described by the pseudo-second-order model ( R 2 > 0.997) with characteristics of chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm ( R 2 > 0.999) with the feature of single-layer coverage. The existence of Cl − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and CO 3 2− does not significantly hinder fluoride removal by La(OH) 3 /PAN ENFMs with the exception of PO 4 3− . Calculations of Δ H , Δ G , and Δ S reveal that the nature of F − adsorption onto La(OH) 3 /PAN ENFMs is endothermic and favorable at a higher temperature.

The addition of biodegradable agents and antibacterial and antiviral modifiers in polyester fibers makes the fabric skin-friendly and helps in the effective biodegradation of the fabric, thereby protecting the ecological environment. This study aimed to improve the biodegradability and skin protection effect of polyester fibers by preparing a biodegradable antibacterial and antiviral composite–modified polyester fiber by melting and adding an appropriate amount of anaerobic biodegradable agent and a new antibacterial and antiviral biopolymer material copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). The results showed that the addition of 1% anaerobic biodegradable agent and 1% PHBV antibacterial and antiviral modifier increased the biodegradability of the biodegradable antibacterial and antiviral fiber Fully Drawn Yarn by 50% and its antibacterial and antiviral effect by 10%. The finished fiber fabric had good mechanical properties and antibacterial and antiviral functions. This technique can be widely used in the textile and garment industry to promote green environmental protection and the circular economy of the chemical fiber industry.

Series of Si 75 /nZ/tZ@SR HTV materials are prepared by dip-coating method to improve the hydrophobicity and breakage-resistant ability of high-temperature vulcanization silicone rubber (SR HTV ) using ZnO particles as UV absorbent and bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (Si 75 ) as consolidant. The introduction of tetrapod ZnO can build a bramble structure and endow the SR HTV materials with excellent hydrophobicity. The combined utilization of nano-ZnO and tetrapod-ZnO can endow the SR HTV material well with anti-UV ability, while using Si 75 gives the SR HTV materials favorable thermal reparability due to its reconfigurable disulfide bond. The optimal parameters are 10%-Si 75 , 1%-nZnO, and 50%-tZnO. After longtime UV radiation, this material still shows good hydrophobicity and intact surface. The FTIR and X-Ray diffraction analysis indicate the breakage of Si–O molecular chains and the exposure of inorganic fillers for SR HTV . Compared with the neat SR HTV , the mechanical property of the Si 75 /nZ/tZ@SR HTV material has no significant change. The research indicates the excellent comprehensive performance of Si 75 /nZ/tZ@SR HTV materials. Graphical abstract Si 75 /nZ/tZ@SR HTV materials prepared by the dip-coating method using SR RTV as a bonding layer show a rough bramble mastoid structure. Benefiting from the special functional layer structure, this material presents an excellent hydrophobicity, anti-UV aging ability, and thermal reparability.

In this study, the utilization of sepiolite (SEP), renowned for its remarkable water absorption capacity, in a one-component silicone potting adhesive was explored to evaluate its impact on the efficacy of tunnel crack injection adhesive. Initially, SEP underwent high-temperature calcination, and X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric tests were conducted to analyze the influence of calcination on its crystal structure and water-absorption capacity, respectively. Following this, various coupling agents were employed to modify the SEP, and their respective impacts on the performance of the tunnel crack-filling adhesive were investigated. The outcomes revealed that KH550 exhibited the most effective modification. Subsequent analysis delved into the effect of varying the dosage of KH550 on adhesive performance, demonstrating optimal cost-effectiveness at a dosage of 2 phr. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of the adhesive’s performance in wet and dry interfaces revealed that the addition of SEP resulted in comparable bond strength between wet and dry interfaces, indicating minimal influence from the wet interface. Graphical abstract

The 10 kV switchgear is widely utilized in power systems due to its convenience and reliability. However, in high-humidity environments, switchgear is susceptible to condensation, which can severely damage its internal insulation components. To address this issue, this study modifies epoxy resin (EP) by incorporating nano-MgO to improve its hydrophobic properties. Initially, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to determine the optimal doping ratio of nano-MgO by evaluating modified materials with varying concentrations. MgO/EP composites were then synthesized with nano-MgO doping levels of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, and their hydrophobic and electrothermal properties were assessed. Following this, a thermal aging test was performed to evaluate the long-term performance of the composites. The findings demonstrate that the addition of nano-MgO enhances the hydrophobicity, thermal conductivity, and insulating properties of the EP. Specifically, as the concentration of nano-MgO increases, both the contact angle and thermal conductivity of the composites improve, while the volume resistivity first increases and then decreases with higher nano-MgO content. Nonetheless, all composites consistently outperform pure EP. Throughout each aging stage, the contact angle, thermal conductivity, and volume resistivity of the nano-MgO-modified EP remain superior to those of the unmodified EP.

Dispersive mixing is an important indicator for conventional co-rotating twin-screw extruders. In this work, a new asymmetric twin-screw extruder was developed to improve dispersive mixing. An aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) was employed as a matrix fluid, and the red oil-based ink was used as a tracer. A response surface model was constructed to predict the average diameter of droplets in terms of the feed rate, screw speed, and baffle height, and then the corresponding optimal solutions were obtained. Visualization experiments indicated that the gap regions between the screw and the barrel are mainly responsible for the tracers’ breakup. Particle image velocimetry experiments further confirmed that high velocity appeared in these gap regions and resulted in high shear rates, especially for a baffle height of 15.5 mm, where the linked regions of high velocity turned up.

In the blended conductive rubbers, good dispersion of conductive fillers and great interfacial bonding with the substrate are the keys to achieving excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties. It is found that compared with octyltriethoxysilane (A137), 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (A174) and vinyltriethoxysilane (A151) with a double bond reduce the curing degree of the blends. The vinyl methyl silicone rubber/nickel-coated graphite (VMQ/NCG) composites modified by A137 shows poor tensile properties, while the composites modified by A174 shows inferior electrical properties. The presence of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption on the surface of NCG modified by A151, which effectively enhances the dispersibility of NCG and interfacial bonding strength with rubber, so that the material exhibits excellent comprehensive properties. When the content of A151 is 3% and modified by dry method, the tensile strength of VMQ/NCG composites can reach 1.6 MPa, the elongation at break can reach 162%, and the volume resistivity can reach 0.05 Ω·cm.

This article aims to evaluate the effects of mesh size change on the mechanical properties of GFRP laminates, via low-velocity impact and compression-after-impact (CAI) test, and the failure mechanism was analyzed. Through vacuum-assisted resin infusion, wire meshes with different mesh numbers and wire diameters were incorporated into GFRP. Based on response history and failure morphology, the results show that the addition of wire mesh can disperse the incident energy from the impact center to the outer region, thereby improving the impact resistance of GFRP. It is worth noting that increasing the number of mesh could improve the stiffness of the panels and enhance their ability in CAI events compared with increasing the diameter of wires, their failure evolution was presented from the perspective of digital image correlation (DIC). For example, the maximum displacement of 0.50–40 J decreased by 10.6% from 2.5 to 2.26 mm compared with 20–60 J.

Linalool compound is easily degraded when exposed to light and oxygen during processing or storage. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop surface-modified tapioca starch as a carrier for linalool. Surface-modified starch was prepared by various treatments, i.e., enzyme treatment (using STARGEN 002 enzyme), alcohol–enzyme treatment, and acetylation; acetylation was carried out with 20% (w/w, starch dry basis) acetic anhydride. Acetyl percentage (Ac%) and degree of substitution (DS) of the acetylated samples significantly increased with different treatments due to the introduction of acetyl groups in the starch molecules. After acetylation, the percentage crystallinity as well as WR 1047/1022 values decreased. The acetylated surface-modified starches showed a reduction in terms of thermal properties and gelatinization enthalpy values. Compared with native starch samples, the granules of acetylated surface-modified starch sample exhibited a rough surface and clumped structures. The encapsulation efficiency of linalool significantly increased from 3.63% to 66.76%. The encapsulated linalool with enzyme-acetylated starch showed significantly low values of linalool reduction (11.00%) over 28 days of storage due to its surface erosion and addition of acetyl groups on granular starch, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and Ac% as well as DS results. Among them, the enzyme-acetylated starch had the lowest values of linalool reduction, which could effectively encapsulate linalool and control the linalool reduction value. Graphical abstract

During the moulding process of polymer composite powders, carbonisation often occurs owing to the insufficient ability to control temperature, thereby affecting the service performance of parts. This research studies the electromagnetic moulding (EM) of polymer powders at room temperature and demonstrated the deformation behaviour of poly(ether-ketone-ketone) (PEKK) powder particles for aviation under high-speed impact during EM. The orthogonal analysis method showed that the PEKK powder with a mass of 0.4 g had the highest compaction density of 1.242 when the discharge voltage was 8 kV. Discharge voltage was the most important parameter affecting compaction density, as discharge voltage increases, compaction density increases, but the mass is the opposite. The microstructure and hardness distribution in the specimens further demonstrate that discharge voltage is an important parameter affecting compaction density and provide process guidance for obtaining the high relative density of polymer products.

As an integrated structural unit, composite T-joints are used to transfer the load between two vertical planes, such as the wing box of an aircraft. The article aims to investigate the failure mechanism of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite T-joints subjected to low-velocity impact on the weak deltoid and post-impact tension after hydrothermal aging. First, the improved vacuum-assisted resin infusion suitable for the fabrication of GFRP T-joints is employed. Second, the hydrothermal aging is conducted at 25°C and 65°C with the same relative humidity of 85% for 1–6 weeks. Finally, the impact resistance and tensile strength are analyzed based on response history and damage morphology. The results show the significant degradation of impact strength and stiffness of GFRP T-joints after hydrothermal aging and with the increase in aging time and temperature. In the failure mode of post-impact tension, the interlaminar cracks in the deltoid propagate in the horizontal and vertical directions, and there is a large gap in horizontal crack length between aged and non-aged T-joints.

The repeated low-velocity impact responses of traditional glass fiber-reinforced composites and shape memory alloy (SMA) hybrid composites were explored in this work. The force–time/displacement and energy–time curves were compared based on the impact damage. The variations of impact mechanical features including contact peak force, maximum deflection, and absorbed energy were analyzed. The damage accumulation of the two kinds of composites was further assessed. Results showed that the damage tolerance and impact resistance of SMA hybrid composites were improved. The changes of dynamic mechanical responses were closely associated with the damage modes at different impact energies. The total energy absorption of SMA hybrid composites was much larger than that of traditional composites with more repeated impact numbers. Moreover, the damage accumulation of SMA hybrid composite was slower compared to traditional composite, while the improvement of SMA hybridization on the impact resistance of the composites was less obvious at higher impact energy.

This article explores the positive impact of a homemade polyurethane block copolymer (PDMS-PU) compatibilizer on silicone rubber/polyurethane (VSR/TPU) systems. A novel method for preparing silicone thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPSiV) materials is introduced, using a hydrogenated silicone oil/platinum (Si–H/Pt) catalytic vulcanization system. This involves high-temperature premixing of VSR, Si–H, and TPU, followed by adding diallyl maleate (DAM) inhibitor and Pt catalyst during the cold roller stage. This method prevents premature cross-linking and ensures thorough mixing and interaction between VSR and TPU. The TPSiV material produced demonstrates high tensile strength (TS, 6.5 MPa), exceptional elongation at break (EB, 500%), good shape stability, stable viscosity under high temperature and shear conditions, excellent low-temperature resistance, and superior damping properties. This innovative preparation method offers significant insights and practical guidance for developing high-performance thermoplastic vulcanizates.

Stretchable conductive yarns have received crucial attention in the direction of wearable electronics. Integration of ordinary yarns with conductive phase endows additional functions such as strain sensing. Herein, highly responsive, stretchable, conductive wrapped yarns with different wrapping densities were prepared, using elastane filament as core, co-wrapped with silver-plated nylon filament (SPNF) and polyester filament. It was found that a wrapping density of 750 T·m −1 was an optimal alternative, taking into account tensile and elastic-related properties, keeping the elastane draw ratio constant. By virtue of the helical-interlaced structure and spiral configuration of wrapping components, the optimized yarn can bear up to nearly 200% strain and exhibit larger-strain cyclic robustness. By incorporating SPNF into the wrapped yarn, it can serve as a stretchable conductor, and it is also able to precisely detect body motion (e.g. finger bending) with high responsiveness (shorter response time). Such functional yarns hold tremendous prospects for wearable electronics.

An aqueous aminosilane oligomer, Crosile ® 8150 (hereinafter referred to as 8150) was introduced to flocculate natural rubber latex, realizing the preparation of natural raw rubber and natural rubber composites. Compared with smoked rubber, the natural raw rubber flocculated with 2, 4, and 6 phr 8150 exhibited lower glass transition temperatures, enhancing the flexibility of the molecular chain, improving the plasticity retention rates by 18.32%, 1.75%, and 22.18%, respectively, and increasing the resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. The silica/natural rubber composites prepared from natural dry rubber prepared by 8150 flocculation had superior rolling resistance properties compared to smoked rubber. The application of 8150 in the preparation of natural rubber composites eliminates the acid and salt flocculants. This reduction in the generation of waste gases and equipment corrosion during the flocculation process enhances the preparation quality of natural dry rubber. The research provides significant theoretical and practical implications for realizing high-quality natural dry rubber. Graphical abstract

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) elastomers generated via the copolymerization of 3,3-bis(azidomethyl) oxetane and tetrahydrofuran have been widely used as a matrix for solid engines in rockets, missiles, and spacecraft because of their positive standard enthalpies of formation. This study investigates how the decomposition of PBT elastomers impacts their interactions with plasticizers during long-term storage and aging. We apply molecular dynamics to calculate the parameters (e.g., glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, diffusion, and compatibility) of PBT elastomers that influence the aging performance of PBT. The computational results indicate that as the degree of thermal-oxidative aging decomposition increases, the radius of gyration, peak value of radial distribution function, and free volume fraction of the aging model all decrease. The concomitant increase in defects and the weakening of the interactions between molecular chains in the aging model lead to a continuous reduction in the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the aging model. In general, the plasticizer exhibits enhanced diffusion and reduced compatibility. Overall, this article establishes models representing different degrees of thermal-oxidative aging of PBT elastomers, thereby revealing the interactions between plasticizers and PBT elastomers under thermal-oxidative aging conditions. The results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the changes in the macroscopic aging performance of PBT elastomers from a microstructural perspective.

Thin-walled structures comprised of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and metal excel in achieving a balanced design in terms of material cost, weight savings, and mechanical performance. This study aims to explore the crushing characteristics and failure mechanism of square hollow aluminum tubes wrapped with glass FRP (GFRP) fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin infusion with six types of lay-up directions. Axial quasi-static compression and single/repeated low-velocity impact (LVI) are conducted to investigate their failure evolution and energy absorption properties, such as the specific energy absorption (SEA), mean crushing force (MCF), peak crushing force (PCF), and crushing force efficiency (CFE). The synergy among oblique, axial, and circumferential GFRP ply, which enhances strength and reduces out-of-plane deformation in the structure, is maximized by using the antisymmetric angle ply rather than the single angle ply. Under these three loading modes, the cases with a [0°/90°] 2 lay-up have excellent crashworthiness indicators, including PCF, SEA, and MCF. Meanwhile, compared with the pure aluminum tube, both the SEA and CFE are improved simultaneously by up to 158% and 121% during the single LVI test. The study focuses on the influence of stacking configurations on crashworthiness and further explores the potential and application of such hybrid structures.

The pursuit of high-performance polyolefin materials has been an objective for chemists. Recently, the development of multinuclear catalysts has significantly enabled the preparation of high-performance polyolefin materials. In this review, we mainly focus on the cooperative effects of multinuclear early transition metal catalysts and provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress in binuclear and multinuclear early transition metal catalysts over the past decade. Compared with the catalytic performance and polymer structure of these catalysts with mononuclear catalysts, we have found that various factors, such as steric hindrance effect, electronic effect, heteroatom effect, hydrogen bonding interaction, the distance between metal centers in multinuclear metal catalysts, and the use of additives, have distinctive and significant impacts on catalyst performance. These effects give rise to notable cooperative effects. This review offers crucial insights and serves as a valuable reference for shaping the future development directions of binuclear and multinuclear early transition metal catalysts. Graphical abstract

The integration of ionic liquids and polymer composites has become a promising way to improve their thermal properties, representing a notable advancement in the development of advanced materials for specific applications. Their thermal properties heavily influence the suitability of polymer composites for particular applications. It is imperative to understand and manipulate the thermal behavior of these composites to optimize their performance across various fields. In this mini-review, diverse polymer matrices and fillers utilized in polymer composites containing ionic liquids are categorized. Additionally, various ionic liquids employed in studies related to the thermal properties of polymer composites are identified. The impact of ionic liquids on the thermal properties of these composites is also briefly reviewed. The knowledge illustrated in this review enriches the understanding of the types of polymer matrices and fillers used in conjunction with ionic liquids, as well as their thermal properties. In a nutshell, imidazolium-based ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, hexafluorophosphate, halides, and hydrogen sulfate anions have the impact of improving the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, degradation temperature, and thermal conductivity of thermoplastic, thermosetting, and elastomer composites.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is well-known for its excellent mechanical properties and eco-friendliness in food packaging. Recently, PVA has gained significant attention in research due to its potential as antibacterial substrates. However, because of its high hydrophilicity, practical application of pure PVA film has been limited by low water resistance and rapid bacterial growth in humid conditions. Diverse effective strategies have been developed to decrease hydrophilicity and endow films with antibacterial properties. This review provides an overview of universal antibacterial agents and their functions in PVA-based packaging films. It also introduces the changes in the mechanical and physical properties of PVA-based films after adding antibacterial agents. Additionally, the release behavior of antibacterial agents in PVA-based film materials and their practical applications in the food industry is discussed in fresh food packaging. Biodegradability of PVA-based films is also mentioned, with a promising future for more effective and eco-friendly food packaging materials.

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has seen extensive exploitation in the research areas for the processing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs). Existing reviews on AM have recommended either sustainable production methods or have introduced new processing methodologies. A relationship between materials used, manufacturing processes, process parameters, and their properties is essential in any manufacturing process. Accordingly, this review focuses on the manufacturing of FRPCs in relation to process parameters and properties of the polymer composites. Various studies dealt with the lightweight materials and parts that were manufactured through AM and which could retain the mechanical and other properties without compromising the strength and weight of the final product. The technologies involved in the major AM processes and the constituents used for the fabrication of FRPC parts, their advantages, and drawbacks are also deliberated. This review combines the material selection for AM technologies along with the choice of proper AM technique for printing FRPCs. This review further illustrates the recent research and technology that aims at embracing FRPCs into a circular economy. In summary, this review opens the door for new opportunities and for meeting challenges in the manufacturing of FRPCs by AM methodologies.

Novel superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by performing aqueous solution graft copolymerization of potato starch xanthate and partially hydrolyzed acrylamide using N , N ′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an oxidant at 35–45°C. Various factors that influence the water absorption of SAPs were studied in detail, and the optimum formulation ratio was determined via orthogonal experiments. Several spectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to determine the structure of the SAPs. In addition, adsorption experiments were carried out with various heavy metal ions, including divalent copper ions, zinc ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, cadmium ions, and lead ions. Experiments showed that the prepared SAP has a high adsorption performance (>48 mg·g −1 ). Thus, these materials are expected to have important applications in the removal of heavy metal ions and the separation of dyes in aquatic environments. Graphical abstract

Smart biocompatible materials that respond to a variety of external stimuli have a lot of potential in the creation of low-cost diagnostic biosensors. The present work describes the creation of core–shell nanoparticles as a biosensor for smart enzyme detection of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). A chitosan-tripolyphosphate core was generated via ionic gelation and was coated with a starch–iodine shell to create biocompatible core–shell nanoparticles. The starch–iodine shell was ruptured in the presence of certain amounts of amylase, exposing the core. This application explains a noticeable color change from blue to white that can be used to identify sAA at the point of care. Synthesized nanoparticles were examined for scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). An EDX report reveals that the nanoparticles have higher carbon content at 55% followed by an oxygen atom of 35%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed that the core–shell nanoparticles have carbonyl (C═O) functional groups present. A confirmatory test of amylase reaction on nanoparticle-impregnated paper turns blue to white indicating that the nanoparticle reacts with amylase as an indicator. This paper-based method can be used in future applications in forensic and medical applications.

Reinforced composite made of polypropylene combining banana and betel nut husk fiber (BBF) was treated with 10% NaOH (w/w). The fiber percentages of 40%, 50%, and 60% were used using the compression molding process. Properties such as tensile, bending, impact, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water absorption were assessed as composite reinforcements. The composites with 50% BBF reinforcement performed better than composites with different fiber compositions. While 40% BBF-reinforced showed superior results in tensile, bending, and water absorption tests, the impact and TGA analyses provided comparatively lower results. The tensile strength (36 MPa), bending strength (78 MPa), energy absorption (2.4 Nm), thermal resistance (300–583°), and the maximum level of characteristics were attained. This work demonstrated the feasibility of repurposing waste banana stems and betel nut husks for interior decoration, furniture, and automobile bodies in fiber-reinforced hybrid composites, replacing expensive and environmentally hazardous artificial materials due to their mechanical capabilities.

The production of food packaging membranes with antibacterial activity is of great significance because it can inactivate bacteria in food and protect the human body from food-borne diseases. Herein, a novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/cellulose acetate (CA) composite nanofibers membrane with citral as an antibacterial agent was fabricated by utilizing electrospinning technology. Subsequently, the PAN/regenerated cellulose (RC)/citral composite nanofibers membrane was obtained through an alkaline hydrolysis process and citral grafting modification strategy. At the same time, the preservation efficacy of this membrane in refrigerated chicken breast was investigated. Results indicate that the PAN/RC/citral composite nanofibers membrane, modified by grafting citral, exhibits uniform fiber diameter, favorable morphology, and excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, citral crosslinks with RC components in fiber membranes significantly reduce the total bacterial count and total volatile basic nitrogen value in chicken breast during the packaging and storage process, thereby extending the shelf life of refrigerated chicken breast. This research provides a new approach to the production of antibacterial food packaging films and demonstrates their broad potential application value in the field of food packaging.