Startseite Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles
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Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles

  • Xiaohong Jiang EMAIL logo , Zhongfei Shen , Bin Shen und Ying Sun
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 17. April 2024
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 22 Heft 1

Abstract

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have spotlighted lipid nanocarriers as potent mediums for drug delivery, with solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) emerging as a key focus due to their unique structural attributes. This research specifically addresses the development and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of SLNs loaded with sodium aescinate. To identify the most effective composition, a detailed pseudo-ternary phase diagram was employed. The production process of these SLNs involved sophisticated high-pressure homogenization techniques. For characterization, the average particle size and zeta potential were precisely measured using advanced laser diffractometry. Additionally, to ascertain the effectiveness of the drug encapsulation, the SLNs underwent a rigorous high-speed centrifugation process, enabling accurate determination of both the encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The results of this research reveal that a relatively refined method for determining sodium aescinate content has been established, and a reasonable formulation has been selected for the preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles. The average particle size was 142.32 ± 0.17 nm, the zeta potential was 1.60 ± 0.32 mV, and the encapsulation rate was 73.93 ± 4.65%. The drug loading was 13.41 ± 1.25%. In conclusion, this method can produce stable solid lipid nanoparticles containing sodium aescinate with uniform particle size, even distribution after encapsulation, and significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: sodium aescinate; solid lipid nanoparticles; high pressure homogenization method

1 Introduction

Sodium aescinate is a sodium salt containing ester bonded triterpenoid saponins. It is a white or quasi-white crystalline powder with a bitter and spicy taste. This compound is derived from the mature, dried seeds of the Chestnut plant. It exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including the mitigation of inflammation and reduction of fluid exudation. Additionally, it has been found to enhance venous tension, thereby improving blood circulation. Notably, it also plays a role in ameliorating brain function abnormalities [1–3]. Its main active ingredients are sodium aescinate A, B, C, and D [4,5]. However, as the polyester bond in sodium aescin for injection is highly irritating to blood vessels, intravenous injection may cause pain at the injection site, and long-term medication may cause phlebitis. Therefore, strict observation should be made during infusion to prevent the liquid from leaking into surrounding tissues and causing redness and swelling [6]. At the same time, it is required to choose a thicker vein for intravenous infusion and different venipuncture to avoid inconvenient treatment. Second, it is prone to foam in preparation, and sodium aescinate for injection exerts systemic effects after intravenous injection, with poor specificity of the lesion site [7].

Solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) have been recognized for their notable aptitude in the encapsulation of a diverse range of drug molecules, both lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature, as detailed in refs [8–11]. This capability extends to the meticulous regulation of drug release and the targeted delivery of these therapeutic agents to specific cells and tissues. The primary composition of SLNs is based on solid lipids, which are stable in a solid state at room temperature. These lipids predominantly consist of long-chain saturated fatty acids, serving as their foundational components, as noted in ref. [12]. The long degradation time of these saturated lipids plays a significant role in ensuring that the release of the drugs within the vesicles is slow and sustained over a long period, thus increasing the therapeutic efficiency over a specified duration. The lipid excipients that are used in the SLNs are a major determinant of the biological behaviour and the fate of the drug molecules that are loaded into the solid crystalline matrix of the SLNs. This composition is essential in modulating the bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of the drugs as they move across various physiological compartments. In addition to this, the route of administration is another parameter that affects the effectiveness of SLNs as drug delivery carriers, which is important for maximal therapeutic efficacy. The SLN interaction with different components present in biological fluids can cause degradation of these nanoparticles or corona formation on their surface that may significantly modify their physicochemical properties and functionalities. These are important effects and are discussed in refs [13,14].

Lipid-based nanoparticulate formulations have gained increasing attention in the area of pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially for the oral delivery of drugs with low solubility in aqueous media. The relationship between these formulations and the digestive environment is an area of great concern. It is worth mentioning that large lipidic excipients contained in these formulations are known to stimulate the production of bile salts and digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract according to ref. [15]. This process leads to the development of lipid digestion products that are vital in improving the solubilization of drug molecules and their further absorption. Of the many lipid-based delivery systems, SLNs are unique due to their exceptional ability to modulate the release of encapsulated drugs. This fine tuning is very important in regulating the peak concentration of drugs in the blood stream, which is important in minimizing the risk of toxicity that is associated with high drug concentrations. In the pharmacokinetic context, the delay in maximum concentration of drug in plasma time (T max) has been observed in a number of studies, including those cited in ref. [16]. In this study, T max with SLNs was 4.0 h, which was much higher than the 1.7 h noted for the microemulsion formulation. Such observation further highlights the importance of SLNs in sustaining drug release [17]. In addition, pharmacodynamic studies have repeatedly showed that the application of SLNs in oral drug delivery prolongs the therapeutic action of the drugs, providing a desirable sustained release, which is useful in long-term treatment approaches.

In order to solve the irritant problem of drugs, this article proposes a solution to change the drug carrier to improve the targeting of drugs in clinical treatment while maintaining the advantages of the existing preparations such as long and timely curative effect. As drug carriers, SLN can improve the shortcomings of the original therapeutic agents while ensuring the therapeutic effect [18–20]. The irritating problem of sodium aescinate can be alleviated by coating it with solid lipid nanoparticles. The development of preparation expands the development and selection of dosage forms, reduces the pain of medication, enhances the patient’s medication compliance, and improves the treatment effect and cure rate.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Experimental material

Instruments used were BS224S electronic analysis balance (Beijing Setoris Instrument System Co., Ltd), RCT Magnetic Agitator (IKA), Infinity 1260 High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd), particle size and surface potential tester (3000HS, Malvem Co., UK), THZ-92A constant temperature oscillator (Haibo Sun Industrial Co., Ltd, Medical equipment factory), Starter 3C pH meter (Shanghai Ohaus Instrument Co., Ltd), Cascada.LS pure water meter (Pall Filter (Beijing) Co., Ltd), separation funnel, and test tube with plug.

Sodium aesculin raw materials (China National Institute of Food and Drug Control, Lot No. 100346-201703; content: 33.5% aesculin A, 31.4% aesculin B, 17.8% aesculin C, and 14.2% aesculin D) and n-octanol (Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd) were used.

Forty SPF male BALB/C mice, weighing 20–25 g, were provided by Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences with production license No. SCXK (Zhejiang) 2019-0002.

2.2 Study on physicochemical properties of sodium aescinate

Purified water and buffer solutions of pH 4.0, 6.8, and 9.0 were mixed with the same amount of n-octanol in conical bottles and placed in a 37°C constant temperature oscillator. Continuous oscillation enabled the solution to maximize saturation with n-octanol [4]. Weigh a certain amount of sodium aescinate API, add the same amount of fully saturated solution, and configure the solution with drug concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Remove 5 mL of each prepared solution into 10 mL corked test tube, and keep the volume constant. The sealing film was sealed and placed in a thermostatic oscillator to oscillate for 2 h before centrifugation. After standing, water phase was absorbed to determine the absorbance, and the concentration was determined by HPLC.

2.3 Determination of sodium aescinate

2.3.1 Chromatographic conditions

Eclipse XDB-C18 (5 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm2) column; mobile phase: acetonitrile 0.55%, phosphoric acid 37:63; flow rate: 0.8 mL/min; column temperature: 30°C; injection volume: 20 μL; detection wavelength: 220 nm.

2.3.2 Standard curve drawing

Standard sodium aescinate of 25.00 mg was precisely weighed into a 10 mL conical flask, and a certain amount of methanol was added to fully dissolve it, and 2.50 mg/mL of sodium aescinate solution was prepared using a volumetric flask as a reserve solution. The right amount of the reserve liquid is accurately absorbed and diluted with methanol to prepare a series of concentration solutions. According to chromatographic conditions, the standard curve was drawn with peak area as ordinate and sodium aescinate concentration as abscissa.

2.4 Preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles

2.4.1 Selection of oil phase

By studying the physical and chemical properties and methodology of sodium aescinate, and considering the safety of injection preparation, the oil phases to be selected are soybean oil (injection level) and medium chain triglyceride (injection level), the temporary fixed surfactant is 15-hydroxystearate polyethylene glycol ester and the co-surfactant is glycerol. The ratio of surfactants to cosurfactants is 2:1 (mass ratio). After the surfactant is mixed, it is precisely weighed with the oil phase to be selected, and mixed according to 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, and 1:9 (mass ratio). Then it is continued to stir and titrated with water for injection. When the system is no longer clear and turbidity occurs, it immediately stops dripping and the amount added is recorded. The mass percentage of oil, water, and mixture at the final critical point was calculated and the data were input to OriginPro 2021 to draw a pseudo-terpolymer phase diagram. The oil phase was determined using the microemulsion area as the selection criteria [5].

2.4.2 Sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by high pressure homogenization method

Take a certain amount of emulsifier and oil phase, in 75 ± 5°C water bath and make it completely molten liquid. As the organic phase, take a certain amount of Poloxamer 188 dissolved in 10 mg/mL sodium heptanoside citrate solution; as the water phase, stir at 2,000–4,000 rpm, slowly inject the organic phase into the water phase. Continue stirring for 8–10 min, and quickly cool to room temperature to obtain colostrum. Colostrum was homogenized at 20,000 Pa at room temperature for 3–5 times under high pressure and cooled overnight with ice water bath [6].

2.5 Preparation evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles

2.5.1 Determination of particle size and zeta potential

At room temperature, appropriate amount of the newly prepared sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles was taken, and purified water was mixed. The particle size and zeta potential were determined by particle size and surface potentiometer.

2.5.2 Determination of encapsulation rate and drug load

About 1 mL of solid lipid nano-suspension of sodium aescinate was precisely taken and placed in a centrifuge tube, and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm at 4°C for 5 min at high speed. The supernatant was removed, diluted with methanol, and the amount of free drug W 1 was calculated. About 1 mL of solid lipid nanoparticle suspension of sodium aescinate was precisely removed and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 min. The precipitate was taken and properly diluted with methanol. The sample was determined and the free drug amount W 2 was calculated. In addition, 1 mL of solid lipid nanoparticle suspension of sodium aescinate was precisely removed, and methanol solution was added, which was demulsified and dissolved under ultrasonic conditions, diluted with methanol and fixed volume. Drug concentration was determined according to HPLC methodology, and total drug dosage (W 3), encapsulation rate (EE), and drug loading (DL) were calculated [7]. The calculation formula is EE = (W 3 − W 1 − W 2)/W 3 × 100%; DL = (W 3 − W 1 − W 2)/W 4 × 100%, where W 1 and W 2 are free drug amount, W 3 is the total dosage, and W 4 is lipid mass.

2.6 Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles

A total of 40 mice were equally distributed into five distinct groups based on their body weights, with each group comprising eight mice. These groups included a blank control, a high-dose, and a low-dose group receiving the commercial sodium aescinate injection, and another set of high-dose and low-dose groups administered with a solid lipid nano-suspension of sodium aescinate. After normal feeding for a period of time, the mice were given intravenous administration according to group arrangement, and the blank control group was given intravenous injection of a certain amount of normal saline. After 30 min of intravenous injection, 0.03 mL of xylene was applied to the right ear of each mouse. After 15 min, the mice were sacrificed, and the two auricular plates were weighed at the same position with a hole punch with a diameter of 0.6 cm, and the difference between auricular plates was regarded as the degree of swelling. The right ear piece was taken from the same position with a hole punch of 0.6 cm in diameter, cut into pieces, and soaked in 5 mL of acetone: water (7:3) sealed for 48 h. The samples were centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 5 minutes, the absorbance of supernatant was measured by 590 nm UV spectrophotometer.

3 Results

3.1 Oil water partition coefficient of sodium aescinate

The determination results of oil–water distribution coefficient of sodium aescinate are shown in Table 1. The oil–water partition coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of n-octanol to water phase in the equilibrium of organic compounds, which is determined to simulate the distribution of drugs in water phase and biological phase in the body, so as to predict the absorption of drugs in the body. As can be seen from the table, sodium aescinate is more distributed in the oil phase under acidic conditions.

Table 1

Oil–water distribution coefficient of sodium aescinate in different solutions

Absorbance K o/w Log K o/w
Purified water 0.711 0.049 −1.309
pH = 4.0 0.087 16.261 1.211
pH = 6.8 0.422 0.734 −0.134
pH = 9.0 0.500 0.201 −0.696

3.2 Determination of sodium aescinate saponin

The chromatography conditions were carefully established, with the medium being an Eclipse XDB-C18 column 5 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm2. Operational parameters were set at flow rate 0.8 mL/min, column temperature 30 °C. The sample injection volume under the protocol was 20 μL, with the detection wavelength set at 220 nm. Under these chromatographic conditions, the chromatographic peaks of sodium aescinate A, B, C, and D were, respectively (Figure 1). The regression equation of aescinin A was y = 585.29x − 508.21 (R² = 0.9911). When the range of aescinin A was 1.68–16.75 μg, there was a good linear relationship between the peak area and the sample quantity. The regression equation of aescinin B was y = 481.55x − 412.82 (R² = 0.9902). When the range of aescinin B was 1.57–15.70 μg, there was a good linear relationship between the peak area and the sample size. A certain concentration of sodium aescinate reference solution was configured, and six consecutive samples were injected as shown in Table S1.

Figure 1 Comparison curve of sodium aescinate.
Figure 1

Comparison curve of sodium aescinate.

3.3 Selection of oil phase

As shown in Figure 2, in the microemulsion area, namely the area on the right side of the curve, it can be seen that the same amount of oil solubilizes more surfactant and water mixtures, so mid-chain triglyceride is selected as the oil phase. The optimal formulation ratio is achieved when medium-chain triglycerides are used as a co-solvent in the oil phase. The desired solid lipid nanoparticles of sodium aescinate are obtained through high-pressure homogenization.

Figure 2 Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of oil phase screening: (a) soybean oil was used as the oil phase and (b) medium-chain triglycerides were used as the oil phase.
Figure 2

Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of oil phase screening: (a) soybean oil was used as the oil phase and (b) medium-chain triglycerides were used as the oil phase.

3.4 Preparation evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles

The sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles underwent a detailed characterization process, focusing on their particle size and zeta potential, with the results being comprehensively depicted in Figure 3. Upon analysis of the graphical representation, it is observed that the nanoparticles possess a notably uniform particle size distribution, with an average dimension calculated to be approximately 142.32 ± 0.17 nm. The zeta potential, an indicator of the stability of these nanoparticles, was measured to be 1.60 ± 0.32 mV. These data suggest a stable colloidal system. Further insights gained through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide a vivid illustration of the nanoparticles’ spherical morphology. The TEM images distinctly show that these nanoparticles are efficient carriers, encapsulating a substantial amount of drug particles within their structure. Additionally, the research progressed to assess the sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles in terms of their encapsulation efficiency and capacity for drug loading, as outlined in Table 2. Results from this analysis indicated that the nanoparticles exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 73.93 ± 4.65% alongside a drug loading capacity of 13.41 ± 1.25%. It is noteworthy that these parameters exhibited only minimal variation across different production batches, indicating a high degree of reproducibility in the nanoparticle formulation process.

Figure 3 Particle size of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles (a), surface potential (b), and transmission electron microscopy (c).
Figure 3

Particle size of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles (a), surface potential (b), and transmission electron microscopy (c).

Table 2

Determination results of encapsulation rate and drug load

Batch Encapsulation rate (%) Drug load (%)
1 73.4 ± 3.80 12.68 ± 0.94
2 74.1 ± 4.48 15.59 ± 1.32
3 74.3 ± 5.67 11.95 ± 1.48

3.5 Inhibition of ear swelling induced by xylene

The experimental results of inhibiting ear swelling induced by xylene are shown in Table 3. Compared with the blank control group, both aescinin and aescinin solid lipid nanoparticles for injection had inhibiting effect on ear swelling, while the intervention group of aescinin solid lipid nanoparticles had more significant intervention effect (P < 0.001), and compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group had better efficacy.

Table 3

Experimental results of ear swelling induced by xylene

The name of the drugs Dosage (mg/kg) Swelling degree (mg) P values
Sodium aescinate for injection 1.0 14.62 ± 2.37 <0.05
5.0 12.43 ± 1.66 <0.01
Sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles 1.0 12.81 ± 3.12 <0.01
5.0 10.55 ± 2.24 <0.001
Blank control group 20.11 ± 1.87

3.6 Antagonistic effect of drugs on increased capillary permeability induced by xylene

The experimental results of antagonistic effect of drugs on the increase of capillary permeability induced by xylene are shown in Table 4. Compared with the blank control group, both sodium aescine for injection and solid lipid nanoparticles of sodium aescine for injection have antagonistic effect on the increase of capillary permeability. However, compared with the sodium aescine for injection group, the sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles intervention group did not show a more significant intervention effect, and compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group did not show a significant effect.

Table 4

Experimental results of ear permeability induced by xylene

The name of the drugs Dosage (mg/kg) Absorbance P values
Sodium aescinate for injection 1.0 0.125 ± 0.044 <0.05
5.0 0.106 ± 0.029 <0.01
Sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles 1.0 0.114 ± 0.051 <0.05
5.0 0.093 ± 0.037 <0.05
Blank control group 0.191 ± 0.072

4 Discussion

SA, a sodium salt derivative of a triterpenoid saponin, is obtained from the desiccated mature fruits of the Chinese Buckeye Seed. Documented in refs [21,22], this compound is recognized for its pharmacological prowess, notably its anti-inflammatory, anti-osmotic, and anti-swelling capabilities. In the sphere of clinical medicine, SA has gained prominence for its effective management of edema and hematoma across various anatomical regions. Its utility extends to addressing a spectrum of conditions, encompassing acute and chronic tissue damage, bone fractures, and trauma. Furthermore, SA is effective in treating brain dysfunctions arising from a multitude of causative factors and ameliorating local blood circulation issues linked to a variety of vascular diseases, as elucidated in ref. [23]. Empirical evidence from clinical trials underscores the stability, efficacy, and reliability of SA as an anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling agent. SA’s versatility is evident in its various pharmaceutical forms, including liniments, gels, tablets, and injections, each finding a widespread application in clinical settings. Notably, its topical formulations, such as liniments and gels, have demonstrated commendable therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of superficial injuries like ecchymoses, sprains, and crush injuries. However, it is important to recognize that these external applications, despite their effectiveness, come with certain limitations.

The partition coefficient between oil and water, denoted as Kₒ/w, quantifies the equilibrium distribution of organic molecules across n-octanol and water phases. This coefficient is assessed to model the dispersion of pharmaceuticals between aqueous environments and biological matrices in a living organism, thereby facilitating predictions regarding the bioavailability of these substances [24,25]. The drug must be water-soluble and fat-soluble in order to be absorbed through the biofilm [26]. In this study, we found that the distribution of sodium aescinate in the oil phase is more under acidic condition.

SA tablets are convenient for oral administration, but their limited absorption and low bioavailability restrict their efficacy [27]. Conversely, SA-I is characterized by its swift initiation of action coupled with an extended period of sustaining biological effects. This attribute renders it efficacious in managing and mitigating post-surgical swelling as well as in alleviating pain among patients [28,29]. Meanwhile, the intravenous application of SA-I was accompanied by discomfort at the injection site, which is the result of the pronounced irritant effect of septate sodium on the circulatory system. Increased use of this agent may increase the risk of phlebitis. Taking into account the above-mentioned limitations, a thorough analytical study was launched in order to improve the assay for sodium ginsenoside. See the Methods section for specific conditions. The system’s suitability tests were performed to determine its ruggedness, which provided for the high reproducibility of injections and the stability of analytical solutions under these conditions.

By the study of formulation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles, we determined the oil phase for the chain triglyceride, emulsifier for soybean phospholipids and 15-hydroxy stearic acid polyglycol ester (1:2), we found that the optimal ratio of prescription for high pressure homogeneous sample of legal system, the high pressure homogeneous method to get the further perfect, the necessary sodium aesculin solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared. Our results also showed that sodium aescin solid lipid nanoparticles injection had a smooth appearance, presenting a uniform and stable milky white suspension with an average particle size of 142.32 ± 0.17 nm and zeta potential of 1.60 ± 0.32 mV. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the particle size was uniform, the distribution of encapsulated drugs was uniform, and the encapsulation rate and drug loading of sample preparation were good [24,30–32]. According to Tables 3 and 4, both high and low doses of sodium aescinate for injection and solid lipid nanoparticles of sodium aescinate had a good inhibitory effect on ear swelling induced by xylene in mice, and had a good antagonistic effect on the increase of capillary permeability induced by xylene. Analysis shows that the inhibition and antagonism of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles are more obvious. Therefore, preliminary pharmacodynamics results showed that compared with sodium aescinate for injection, solid lipid nanoparticles of sodium aescinate had a better anti-inflammatory activity [33].

5 Conclusion

The results of this research reveal that a relatively refined method for determining sodium aescinate content has been established, and a reasonable formulation has been selected for the preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles. The average particle size was 142.32 ± 0.17 nm, the zeta potential was 1.60 ± 0.32 mV, and the encapsulation rate was 73.93 ± 4.65%. The drug loading was 13.41 ± 1.25%. In conclusion, this method can produce stable solid lipid nanoparticles containing sodium aescinate with uniform particle size, even distribution after encapsulation, and significant anti-inflammatory activity.

  1. Funding information: This investigation was financially supported by Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province under the project of “Construction of a rat model of osteoarthritis and its application in the evaluation of the efficacy of aescin sodium solid lipid nanoparticles,” with grant number LGD19C040003.

  2. Author contributions: X.H.J. – experimental design and analysis of experimental data; Z.F.S. – manuscript writing, review, and editing; B.S.  – experimental work; Y.S. – supervision of experiments and translation.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: The animal research was provided by Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences with production license No. SCXK (Zhejiang) 2019-0002.

  5. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-08-10
Revised: 2024-01-23
Accepted: 2024-02-05
Published Online: 2024-04-17

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Porous silicon nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and their antifungal activity
  3. Biochar from de-oiled Chlorella vulgaris and its adsorption on antibiotics
  4. Phytochemicals profiling, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, and in silico studies on Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.: A comprehensive approach
  5. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of novel glycoconjugates as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial agents
  6. Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by potato starch: Its performance in the treatment of esophageal cancer
  7. Computational study of ADME-Tox prediction of selected phytochemicals from Punica granatum peels
  8. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts and essential oil derived from Artemisia herba-alba Asso
  9. Two triazole-based coordination polymers: Synthesis and crystal structure characterization
  10. Phytochemical and physicochemical studies of different apple varieties grown in Morocco
  11. Synthesis of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating ethyl para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L., extract with methacrylic acid as functional monomer
  12. Nutraceutical potential of Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii Hochst. ex Bioss.: Insights into its nutritional composition, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activity
  13. Evaluation of influence of Butea monosperma floral extract on inflammatory biomarkers
  14. Cannabis sativa L. essential oil: Chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial properties, and acute toxicity: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study
  15. The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
  16. Hollow mushroom nanomaterials for potentiometric sensing of Pb2+ ions in water via the intercalation of iodide ions into the polypyrrole matrix
  17. Determination of essential oil and chemical composition of St. John’s Wort
  18. Computational design and in vitro assay of lantadene-based novel inhibitors of NS3 protease of dengue virus
  19. Anti-parasitic activity and computational studies on a novel labdane diterpene from the roots of Vachellia nilotica
  20. Microbial dynamics and dehydrogenase activity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) rhizospheres: Impacts on growth and soil health across different soil types
  21. Correlation between in vitro anti-urease activity and in silico molecular modeling approach of novel imidazopyridine–oxadiazole hybrids derivatives
  22. Spatial mapping of indoor air quality in a light metro system using the geographic information system method
  23. Iron indices and hemogram in renal anemia and the improvement with Tribulus terrestris green-formulated silver nanoparticles applied on rat model
  24. Integrated track of nano-informatics coupling with the enrichment concept in developing a novel nanoparticle targeting ERK protein in Naegleria fowleri
  25. Cytotoxic and phytochemical screening of Solanum lycopersicum–Daucus carota hydro-ethanolic extract and in silico evaluation of its lycopene content as anticancer agent
  26. Protective activities of silver nanoparticles containing Panax japonicus on apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity
  27. pH-based colorimetric detection of monofunctional aldehydes in liquid and gas phases
  28. Investigating the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and regulation of gene expression of Caco-2 cells: Unravelling potential implications for colorectal cancer treatment
  29. Metformin inhibits knee osteoarthritis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats: S100A8/9 and S100A12 as players and therapeutic targets
  30. Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats
  31. Synthesis of new analogs of N-substituted(benzoylamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines
  32. Response of yield and quality of Japonica rice to different gradients of moisture deficit at grain-filling stage in cold regions
  33. Preparation of an inclusion complex of nickel-based β-cyclodextrin: Characterization and accelerating the osteoarthritis articular cartilage repair
  34. Empagliflozin-loaded nanomicelles responsive to reactive oxygen species for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury protection
  35. Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles
  36. Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition
  38. Biosynthesis and screening of cobalt nanoparticles using citrus species for antimicrobial activity
  39. Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis
  40. Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
  41. Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: Antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens
  42. Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread
  43. Comparative toxicity assessment of fisetin-aided artificial intelligence-assisted drug design targeting epibulbar dermoid through phytochemicals
  44. Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of bis-thiourea derivatives
  45. Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.
  46. GC–MS analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 metabolites and its computational analysis on familial pulmonary fibrosis hub genes
  47. Green formulation of copper nanoparticles by Pistacia khinjuk leaf aqueous extract: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of prostate cancer
  48. Improved photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles for Malachite green dye degradation under visible light irradiation: An effect of La doping
  49. One-pot synthesis of a network of Mn2O3–MnO2–poly(m-methylaniline) composite nanorods on a polypyrrole film presents a promising and efficient optoelectronic and solar cell device
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  51. A comparative study of the antifungal efficacy and phytochemical composition of date palm leaflet extracts
  52. Processing of alcohol pomelo beverage (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) using saccharomyces yeast: Optimization, physicochemical quality, and sensory characteristics
  53. Specialized compounds of four Cameroonian spices: Isolation, characterization, and in silico evaluation as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
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  56. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
  57. Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils
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  59. Deciphering the influenza neuraminidase inhibitory potential of naturally occurring biflavonoids: An in silico approach
  60. Determination of heavy elements in agricultural regions, Saudi Arabia
  61. Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
  62. Ameliorative effects of thistle and thyme honeys on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice
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  67. Effect of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized using Ocimum basilicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice lung infection model
  68. Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
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  93. Exploring novel antitubercular agents: Innovative design of 2,3-diaryl-quinoxalines targeting DprE1 for effective tuberculosis treatment
  94. Drimia maritima flowers as a source of biologically potent components: Optimization of bioactive compound extractions, isolation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and pharmacological properties
  95. Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
  96. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
  97. Phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes
  98. Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
  99. Quality control analyses of selected honey samples from Serbia based on their mineral and flavonoid profiles, and the invertase activity
  100. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
  101. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats
  102. Quality changes of durian pulp (Durio ziberhinus Murr.) in cold storage
  103. Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
  104. Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Bukayriyah City, Saudi Arabia
  105. Larvicidal properties of essential oils of three Artemisia species against the chemically insecticide-resistant Nile fever vector Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): In vitro and in silico studies
  106. Design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations, along with in silico and in vitro antimicrobial proprieties of new isoxazole-amide conjugates
  107. The impact of drying and extraction methods on total lipid, fatty acid profile, and cytotoxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae
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  109. Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
  110. Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
  111. Characterization and application of Fe1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
  112. Torilis arvensis ethanolic extract: Phytochemical analysis, antifungal efficacy, and cytotoxicity properties
  113. Magnetite–poly-1H pyrrole dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole: A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without using external sacrificing agent
  114. HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
  115. Efficient and stable to coking catalysts of ethanol steam reforming comprised of Ni + Ru loaded on MgAl2O4 + LnFe0.7Ni0.3O3 (Ln = La, Pr) nanocomposites prepared via cost-effective procedure with Pluronic P123 copolymer
  116. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots probe for selectively detecting Hg2+ in water samples and the detection mechanism
  117. Heavy metals in road dust from typical old industrial areas of Wuhan: Seasonal distribution and bioaccessibility-based health risk assessment
  118. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity evaluation of CBD- and THC-enriched Cannabis sativa extracts: In vitro and in silico investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
  119. Investigating dye adsorption: The role of surface-modified montmorillonite nanoclay in kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
  120. Antimicrobial activity, induction of ROS generation in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and chemical composition of Pterospermum heterophyllum
  121. Study on the performance of nanoparticle-modified PVDF membrane in delaying membrane aging
  122. Impact of cholesterol in encapsulated vitamin E acetate within cocoliposomes
  123. Review Articles
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  128. Special Issue on Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
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  136. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes
  137. Photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes using metal oxides and nanocomposites: A quantitative study
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  139. Special Issue on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Scrutinization of Medicinal Plants
  140. Hepatoprotective effects of safranal on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
  141. Chemical composition and biological properties of Thymus capitatus plants from Algerian high plains: A comparative and analytical study
  142. Chemical composition and bioactivities of the methanol root extracts of Saussurea costus
  143. In vivo protective effects of vitamin C against cyto-genotoxicity induced by Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract
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  146. A study to investigate the anticancer potential of carvacrol via targeting Notch signaling in breast cancer
  147. Assessment of anti-diabetic properties of Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) wild edible fruit extract: In vitro and in silico investigations through molecular docking analysis
  148. Optimization of polyphenol extraction, phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities of Physalis acutifolia
  149. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss
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  151. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles by using Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) and their effect on wound healing
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0201
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
sodium aescinate; solid lipid nanoparticles; high pressure homogenization method
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Porous silicon nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and their antifungal activity
  3. Biochar from de-oiled Chlorella vulgaris and its adsorption on antibiotics
  4. Phytochemicals profiling, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, and in silico studies on Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb.: A comprehensive approach
  5. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of novel glycoconjugates as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial agents
  6. Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by potato starch: Its performance in the treatment of esophageal cancer
  7. Computational study of ADME-Tox prediction of selected phytochemicals from Punica granatum peels
  8. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts and essential oil derived from Artemisia herba-alba Asso
  9. Two triazole-based coordination polymers: Synthesis and crystal structure characterization
  10. Phytochemical and physicochemical studies of different apple varieties grown in Morocco
  11. Synthesis of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating ethyl para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L., extract with methacrylic acid as functional monomer
  12. Nutraceutical potential of Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii Hochst. ex Bioss.: Insights into its nutritional composition, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activity
  13. Evaluation of influence of Butea monosperma floral extract on inflammatory biomarkers
  14. Cannabis sativa L. essential oil: Chemical composition, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial properties, and acute toxicity: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study
  15. The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
  16. Hollow mushroom nanomaterials for potentiometric sensing of Pb2+ ions in water via the intercalation of iodide ions into the polypyrrole matrix
  17. Determination of essential oil and chemical composition of St. John’s Wort
  18. Computational design and in vitro assay of lantadene-based novel inhibitors of NS3 protease of dengue virus
  19. Anti-parasitic activity and computational studies on a novel labdane diterpene from the roots of Vachellia nilotica
  20. Microbial dynamics and dehydrogenase activity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) rhizospheres: Impacts on growth and soil health across different soil types
  21. Correlation between in vitro anti-urease activity and in silico molecular modeling approach of novel imidazopyridine–oxadiazole hybrids derivatives
  22. Spatial mapping of indoor air quality in a light metro system using the geographic information system method
  23. Iron indices and hemogram in renal anemia and the improvement with Tribulus terrestris green-formulated silver nanoparticles applied on rat model
  24. Integrated track of nano-informatics coupling with the enrichment concept in developing a novel nanoparticle targeting ERK protein in Naegleria fowleri
  25. Cytotoxic and phytochemical screening of Solanum lycopersicum–Daucus carota hydro-ethanolic extract and in silico evaluation of its lycopene content as anticancer agent
  26. Protective activities of silver nanoparticles containing Panax japonicus on apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity
  27. pH-based colorimetric detection of monofunctional aldehydes in liquid and gas phases
  28. Investigating the effect of resveratrol on apoptosis and regulation of gene expression of Caco-2 cells: Unravelling potential implications for colorectal cancer treatment
  29. Metformin inhibits knee osteoarthritis induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats: S100A8/9 and S100A12 as players and therapeutic targets
  30. Effect of silver nanoparticles formulated by Silybum marianum on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats
  31. Synthesis of new analogs of N-substituted(benzoylamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines
  32. Response of yield and quality of Japonica rice to different gradients of moisture deficit at grain-filling stage in cold regions
  33. Preparation of an inclusion complex of nickel-based β-cyclodextrin: Characterization and accelerating the osteoarthritis articular cartilage repair
  34. Empagliflozin-loaded nanomicelles responsive to reactive oxygen species for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury protection
  35. Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles
  36. Assessment of potentially toxic elements and health risks of agricultural soil in Southwest Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. Theoretical investigation of hydrogen-rich fuel production through ammonia decomposition
  38. Biosynthesis and screening of cobalt nanoparticles using citrus species for antimicrobial activity
  39. Investigating the interplay of genetic variations, MCP-1 polymorphism, and docking with phytochemical inhibitors for combatting dengue virus pathogenicity through in silico analysis
  40. Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
  41. Copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated Heliotropium bacciferum leaf extract: Antifungal activity and molecular docking assays against strawberry pathogens
  42. Sprouted wheat flour for improving physical, chemical, rheological, microbial load, and quality properties of fino bread
  43. Comparative toxicity assessment of fisetin-aided artificial intelligence-assisted drug design targeting epibulbar dermoid through phytochemicals
  44. Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of bis-thiourea derivatives
  45. Anti-diabetic activity-guided isolation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory terpenes from Capsella bursa-pastoris Linn.
  46. GC–MS analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 metabolites and its computational analysis on familial pulmonary fibrosis hub genes
  47. Green formulation of copper nanoparticles by Pistacia khinjuk leaf aqueous extract: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of prostate cancer
  48. Improved photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles for Malachite green dye degradation under visible light irradiation: An effect of La doping
  49. One-pot synthesis of a network of Mn2O3–MnO2–poly(m-methylaniline) composite nanorods on a polypyrrole film presents a promising and efficient optoelectronic and solar cell device
  50. Groundwater quality and health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in Al Qaseem area, Saudi Arabia
  51. A comparative study of the antifungal efficacy and phytochemical composition of date palm leaflet extracts
  52. Processing of alcohol pomelo beverage (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) using saccharomyces yeast: Optimization, physicochemical quality, and sensory characteristics
  53. Specialized compounds of four Cameroonian spices: Isolation, characterization, and in silico evaluation as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  54. Identification of a novel drug target in Porphyromonas gingivalis by a computational genome analysis approach
  55. Physico-chemical properties and durability of a fly-ash-based geopolymer
  56. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitory potentials of some phytochemicals from anti-leukemic plants using computational chemical methodologies
  57. Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils
  58. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer
  59. Deciphering the influenza neuraminidase inhibitory potential of naturally occurring biflavonoids: An in silico approach
  60. Determination of heavy elements in agricultural regions, Saudi Arabia
  61. Synthesis and characterization of antioxidant-enriched Moringa oil-based edible oleogel
  62. Ameliorative effects of thistle and thyme honeys on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice
  63. Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. fractions
  64. Investigating the adsorption mechanism of zinc chloride-modified porous carbon for sulfadiazine removal from water
  65. Performance repair of building materials using alumina and silica composite nanomaterials with electrodynamic properties
  66. Effects of nanoparticles on the activity and resistance genes of anaerobic digestion enzymes in livestock and poultry manure containing the antibiotic tetracycline
  67. Effect of copper nanoparticles green-synthesized using Ocimum basilicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice lung infection model
  68. Cardioprotective effects of nanoparticles green formulated by Spinacia oleracea extract on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in mice by the determination of PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway
  69. Anti-OTC antibody-conjugated fluorescent magnetic/silica and fluorescent hybrid silica nanoparticles for oxytetracycline detection
  70. Curcumin conjugated zinc nanoparticles for the treatment of myocardial infarction
  71. Identification and in silico screening of natural phloroglucinols as potential PI3Kα inhibitors: A computational approach for drug discovery
  72. Exploring the phytochemical profile and antioxidant evaluation: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of main compounds from three Solanum species in Saudi Arabia
  73. Unveiling the molecular composition and biological properties of essential oil derived from the leaves of wild Mentha aquatica L.: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico exploration
  74. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in Boerhavia elegans seeds by GC-MS
  75. Homology modeling and molecular docking study of corticotrophin-releasing hormone: An approach to treat stress-related diseases
  76. LncRNA MIR17HG alleviates heart failure via targeting MIR17HG/miR-153-3p/SIRT1 axis in in vitro model
  77. Development and validation of a stability indicating UPLC-DAD method coupled with MS-TQD for ramipril and thymoquinone in bioactive SNEDDS with in silico toxicity analysis of ramipril degradation products
  78. Biosynthesis of Ag/Cu nanocomposite mediated by Curcuma longa: Evaluation of its antibacterial properties against oral pathogens
  79. Development of AMBER-compliant transferable force field parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene
  80. Treatment of gestational diabetes by Acroptilon repens leaf aqueous extract green-formulated iron nanoparticles in rats
  81. Development and characterization of new ecological adsorbents based on cardoon wastes: Application to brilliant green adsorption
  82. A fast, sensitive, greener, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the standardization and quantitative determination of chlorhexidine acetate in commercial products
  83. Assessment of Se, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb content status in Ankang tea plantations of China
  84. Effect of transition metal chloride (ZnCl2) on low-temperature pyrolysis of high ash bituminous coal
  85. Evaluating polyphenol and ascorbic acid contents, tannin removal ability, and physical properties during hydrolysis and convective hot-air drying of cashew apple powder
  86. Development and characterization of functional low-fat frozen dairy dessert enhanced with dried lemongrass powder
  87. Scrutinizing the effect of additive and synergistic antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  88. Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat
  89. Antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methoxy-substituted Schiff bases using in vitro, in vivo, and molecular simulation approaches
  90. Anti-melanoma cancer activity and chemical profile of the essential oil of Seseli yunnanense Franch
  91. Molecular docking analysis of subtilisin-like alkaline serine protease (SLASP) and laccase with natural biopolymers
  92. Overcoming methicillin resistance by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Computational evaluation of napthyridine and oxadiazoles compounds for potential dual inhibition of PBP-2a and FemA proteins
  93. Exploring novel antitubercular agents: Innovative design of 2,3-diaryl-quinoxalines targeting DprE1 for effective tuberculosis treatment
  94. Drimia maritima flowers as a source of biologically potent components: Optimization of bioactive compound extractions, isolation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and pharmacological properties
  95. Estimating molecular properties, drug-likeness, cardiotoxic risk, liability profile, and molecular docking study to characterize binding process of key phyto-compounds against serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
  96. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-based microgels for enhancing solubility of Terbinafine: An in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological evaluation
  97. Phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes
  98. Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
  99. Quality control analyses of selected honey samples from Serbia based on their mineral and flavonoid profiles, and the invertase activity
  100. Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model
  101. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats
  102. Quality changes of durian pulp (Durio ziberhinus Murr.) in cold storage
  103. Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
  104. Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Bukayriyah City, Saudi Arabia
  105. Larvicidal properties of essential oils of three Artemisia species against the chemically insecticide-resistant Nile fever vector Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): In vitro and in silico studies
  106. Design, synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations, along with in silico and in vitro antimicrobial proprieties of new isoxazole-amide conjugates
  107. The impact of drying and extraction methods on total lipid, fatty acid profile, and cytotoxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae
  108. A zinc oxide–tin oxide–nerolidol hybrid nanomaterial: Efficacy against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  109. Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
  110. Physicochemical components, antioxidant activity, and predictive models for quality of soursop tea (Annona muricata L.) during heat pump drying
  111. Characterization and application of Fe1−xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles in Direct Red 79 adsorption
  112. Torilis arvensis ethanolic extract: Phytochemical analysis, antifungal efficacy, and cytotoxicity properties
  113. Magnetite–poly-1H pyrrole dendritic nanocomposite seeded on poly-1H pyrrole: A promising photocathode for green hydrogen generation from sanitation water without using external sacrificing agent
  114. HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
  115. Efficient and stable to coking catalysts of ethanol steam reforming comprised of Ni + Ru loaded on MgAl2O4 + LnFe0.7Ni0.3O3 (Ln = La, Pr) nanocomposites prepared via cost-effective procedure with Pluronic P123 copolymer
  116. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots probe for selectively detecting Hg2+ in water samples and the detection mechanism
  117. Heavy metals in road dust from typical old industrial areas of Wuhan: Seasonal distribution and bioaccessibility-based health risk assessment
  118. Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity evaluation of CBD- and THC-enriched Cannabis sativa extracts: In vitro and in silico investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
  119. Investigating dye adsorption: The role of surface-modified montmorillonite nanoclay in kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
  120. Antimicrobial activity, induction of ROS generation in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and chemical composition of Pterospermum heterophyllum
  121. Study on the performance of nanoparticle-modified PVDF membrane in delaying membrane aging
  122. Impact of cholesterol in encapsulated vitamin E acetate within cocoliposomes
  123. Review Articles
  124. Structural aspects of Pt(η3-X1N1X2)(PL) (X1,2 = O, C, or Se) and Pt(η3-N1N2X1)(PL) (X1 = C, S, or Se) derivatives
  125. Biosurfactants in biocorrosion and corrosion mitigation of metals: An overview
  126. Stimulus-responsive MOF–hydrogel composites: Classification, preparation, characterization, and their advancement in medical treatments
  127. Electrochemical dissolution of titanium under alternating current polarization to obtain its dioxide
  128. Special Issue on Recent Trends in Green Chemistry
  129. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Vitex agnus-castus L.
  130. Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity, and dermoprotective activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.)
  131. Exploitation of mangliculous marine fungi, Amarenographium solium, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against multiple drug-resistant bacteria
  132. Study of the phytotoxicity of margines on Pistia stratiotes L.
  133. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part III
  134. Impact of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, development, and antioxidant system of high protein content crop (Lablab purpureus L.) sweet
  135. Green synthesis, characterization, and application of iron and molybdenum nanoparticles and their composites for enhancing the growth of Solanum lycopersicum
  136. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes
  137. Photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes using metal oxides and nanocomposites: A quantitative study
  138. Antifungal, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activities of greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
  139. Special Issue on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Scrutinization of Medicinal Plants
  140. Hepatoprotective effects of safranal on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
  141. Chemical composition and biological properties of Thymus capitatus plants from Algerian high plains: A comparative and analytical study
  142. Chemical composition and bioactivities of the methanol root extracts of Saussurea costus
  143. In vivo protective effects of vitamin C against cyto-genotoxicity induced by Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract
  144. Insights about the deleterious impact of a carbamate pesticide on some metabolic immune and antioxidant functions and a focus on the protective ability of a Saharan shrub and its anti-edematous property
  145. A comprehensive review uncovering the anticancerous potential of genkwanin (plant-derived compound) in several human carcinomas
  146. A study to investigate the anticancer potential of carvacrol via targeting Notch signaling in breast cancer
  147. Assessment of anti-diabetic properties of Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) wild edible fruit extract: In vitro and in silico investigations through molecular docking analysis
  148. Optimization of polyphenol extraction, phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities of Physalis acutifolia
  149. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss
  150. Antihyperglycemic, antiglycation, anti-hypercholesteremic, and toxicity evaluation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling for Aloe armatissima leaves
  151. Phyto-fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles by using Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) and their effect on wound healing
  152. Does Erodium trifolium (Cav.) Guitt exhibit medicinal properties? Response elements from phytochemical profiling, enzyme-inhibiting, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  153. Integrative in silico evaluation of the antiviral potential of terpenoids and its metal complexes derived from Homalomena aromatica based on main protease of SARS-CoV-2
  154. 6-Methoxyflavone improves anxiety, depression, and memory by increasing monoamines in mice brain: HPLC analysis and in silico studies
  155. Simultaneous extraction and quantification of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in Solanum lycopersicum L. varieties marketed in Saudi Arabia
  156. Biological evaluation of CH3OH and C2H5OH of Berberis vulgaris for in vivo antileishmanial potential against Leishmania tropica in murine models
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Heruntergeladen am 20.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2023-0201/html
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