Home The crystal structure of 4,4′-bipyridinium bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate), 2(C8H7.68O4)·C10H8.64N2
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The crystal structure of 4,4′-bipyridinium bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate), 2(C8H7.68O4)·C10H8.64N2

  • Devin J. Angevine ORCID logo and Jason B. Benedict ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 13, 2022

Abstract

C26H24N2O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.9170(9) Å, b = 26.012(3) Å, c = 12.7449(17) Å, β = 91.896(4)°, V = 2291.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0471, wRref(F2) = 0.1320, T = 90 K.

CCDC no.: 2169893

The molecular structure is shown in the figure. Table 1 contains crystallographic data and Table 2 contains the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal: Colourless plate
Size: 0.45 × 0.13 × 0.02 mm
Wavelength: Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ: 0.11 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode: Bruker Apex-II, φ and ω
θmax, completeness: 29.6°, >99%
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint: 25,125, 6412, 0.071
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2σ(Iobs), 4674
N(param)refined: 346
Programs: Bruker [1], Olex2 [2], Shelx [3]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

Atom x y z Uiso*/Ueq
C1 0.1488 (2) 0.33321 (5) 0.39798 (10) 0.0164 (3)
C2 0.32354 (19) 0.30060 (5) 0.39479 (10) 0.0147 (3)
C3 0.3691 (2) 0.27359 (5) 0.30307 (10) 0.0171 (3)
H3A 0.287959 0.275990 0.243602 0.021*
C4 0.5326 (2) 0.24373 (6) 0.30102 (11) 0.0187 (3)
H4 0.561497 0.225917 0.240237 0.022*
C5 0.6562 (2) 0.23995 (6) 0.39011 (11) 0.0181 (3)
H5A 0.767171 0.219828 0.388024 0.022*
C6 0.6139 (2) 0.26601 (5) 0.48102 (10) 0.0160 (3)
C7 0.4465 (2) 0.29675 (5) 0.48407 (10) 0.0154 (3)
C8 0.8782 (2) 0.22887 (6) 0.57887 (12) 0.0268 (3)
H8A 0.976734 0.238913 0.531699 0.040*
H8B 0.830637 0.195357 0.559851 0.040*
H8C 0.931471 0.228037 0.649353 0.040*
C9 0.5586 (2) 0.07387 (5) 0.31047 (11) 0.0170 (3)
C10 0.74424 (19) 0.10248 (5) 0.31791 (10) 0.0152 (3)
C11 0.8053 (2) 0.13242 (5) 0.23358 (10) 0.0159 (3)
H11 0.727475 0.135376 0.172947 0.019*
C12 0.9801 (2) 0.15734 (5) 0.24090 (11) 0.0177 (3)
H12 1.021426 0.176585 0.184377 0.021*
C13 1.0969 (2) 0.15412 (5) 0.33233 (11) 0.0183 (3)
H13 1.215866 0.170805 0.335830 0.022*
C14 1.0361 (2) 0.12618 (5) 0.41775 (11) 0.0170 (3)
C15 0.8597 (2) 0.09921 (5) 0.41040 (10) 0.0161 (3)
C16 1.3035 (2) 0.15430 (6) 0.52587 (13) 0.0253 (3)
H16A 1.347720 0.153616 0.598051 0.038*
H16B 1.272224 0.188975 0.505895 0.038*
H16C 1.403527 0.141496 0.482426 0.038*
C17 0.6459 (2) 0.40244 (5) 0.40800 (11) 0.0187 (3)
H17 0.700538 0.393133 0.472909 0.022*
C18 0.4767 (2) 0.43064 (6) 0.40500 (11) 0.0177 (3)
H18 0.418900 0.439987 0.467034 0.021*
C19 0.39245 (19) 0.44510 (5) 0.30780 (11) 0.0154 (3)
C20 0.4869 (2) 0.43039 (5) 0.21812 (11) 0.0176 (3)
H20 0.437275 0.439659 0.152091 0.021*
C21 0.6554 (2) 0.40184 (6) 0.22774 (11) 0.0192 (3)
H21 0.716340 0.391837 0.167081 0.023*
C22 0.20895 (19) 0.47480 (5) 0.29949 (11) 0.0151 (3)
C23 0.1542 (2) 0.50732 (5) 0.38053 (10) 0.0172 (3)
H23 0.232326 0.510615 0.440958 0.021*
C24 −0.0170 (2) 0.53456 (6) 0.37018 (11) 0.0183 (3)
H24 −0.052492 0.556019 0.424652 0.022*
C25 −0.0809 (2) 0.50091 (5) 0.20513 (11) 0.0189 (3)
H25 −0.160049 0.499230 0.144807 0.023*
C26 0.0876 (2) 0.47206 (5) 0.20979 (11) 0.0173 (3)
H26 0.119525 0.451094 0.153844 0.021*
H1Aa 0.844 (12) 0.373 (3) 0.314 (5) 0.040*
H1Bb −0.064 (6) 0.3530 (15) 0.318 (2) 0.040*
H2Bb 0.342 (6) 0.0588 (12) 0.227 (2) 0.031*
H2Aa −0.232 (13) 0.551 (3) 0.278 (5) 0.040*
N1 0.73415 (18) 0.38805 (5) 0.32100 (10) 0.0186 (3)
N2 −0.13397 (18) 0.53112 (5) 0.28421 (10) 0.0180 (2)
O1 0.04370 (16) 0.33450 (4) 0.31118 (8) 0.0234 (2)
O2 0.10698 (15) 0.35762 (4) 0.47794 (8) 0.0223 (2)
O3 0.41371 (16) 0.32155 (4) 0.57534 (8) 0.0228 (2)
H3 0.307 (3) 0.3391 (8) 0.5615 (14) 0.034*
O4 0.72337 (15) 0.26493 (4) 0.57248 (8) 0.0231 (2)
O5 0.46117 (15) 0.07778 (4) 0.22146 (8) 0.0205 (2)
O6 0.50174 (15) 0.04783 (4) 0.38533 (8) 0.0228 (2)
O7 0.80804 (16) 0.07094 (4) 0.49432 (8) 0.0222 (2)
H7 0.699 (3) 0.0567 (8) 0.4768 (15) 0.033*
O8 1.13486 (15) 0.12267 (4) 0.51279 (8) 0.0227 (2)
  1. aOccupancy: 0.32 (4), bOccupancy: 0.68 (4).

Source of material

4,4′-Bipyridine (156.2 mg, 1.0 mmol) and o-vanillic acid (168.1 mg, 1.0 mmol) were dissolved using excess methanol in a 200 mL beaker. The beaker was left open to allow for crystal formation upon slow evaporation. Coformers were sourced from Combi-Blocks (o-vanillic acid, 97% and 4,4′-bipyridine, 97%). Methanol was purchased from Fischer Chemical (HPLC grade; 99.9%). No further material refinement was necessary.

Experimental details

X-ray diffraction data was collected using a Bruker Smart Apex-II CCD diffractometer installed at a rotating anode source (MoKα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å) and equipped with an Oxford Cryosystems (Cryostream700) nitrogen gas-flow apparatus. Five sets of data (290 frames each) were collected by the rotation method with 0.5° frame-width (ω scan). The sample was run at 90 K. Using Olex2, the structure was solved with intrinsic phasing via the ShelXT structure solution program and refined with the ShelXL software suite [2, 3]. The atomic coordinates of H atoms attached to heteroatoms were freely refined with thermal parameters constrained to be Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(N) or 1.5Ueq(O). H atoms connected to carbon atoms were placed geometrically (C–H = 0.95 Å) and refined with thermal parameters constrained to be Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). The disordered protons were initially refined independently, however given the similar refined occupancies the disorder was ultimately modeled as correlated using a single occupancy parameter (Table 2).

Comment

2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, known commonly as o-vanillic acid, has been under investigation for its medicinal benefits such as its anti-allergenic inflammatory response [4]. Despite the rise in interest and utility of this molecule, only a handful of crystal structures containing o-vanillic acid have been reported [5], [6], [7]. As such additional co-crystals and/or salts of o-vanillic acid may aid in further understanding its solid-state interactions. In this report the coformer 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-BIPY) was selected due to its ability to form a variety of crystalline systems including metal-organic frameworks, co-crystals, and salts [8], [9], [10].

o-Vanillic acid co-crystallizes with 4,4′-BIPY in a 2:1 ratio in the monoclinic spacegroup (P21/c). Subsequent refinements revealed the presence of disorder involving the acidic protons of the carboxylic acid groups of the vanillic acid and the pyridyl groups of the 4,4′-BIPY. For each of the two crystallographically unique acid groups, the proton was disordered over two positions. In one case, the proton was located near the oxygen, and in the second case the proton was located near the nitrogen of the pyridyl group. The ratio of the occupancies (HO:HN) of the disordered protons when refined independently were determined to be 0.68225:0.31775 and 0.68721:0.31279. Given the similar values, the occupancies were treated with a single parameter in the final model and determined to be 0.68(4):0.32(4).

These values may be interpreted as a partial charge transfer with the proton being transferred to the nitrogen resulting in a salt 32(4)% of the time. The other 68(4)% of the time, the protons reside on the acid oxygen resulting in charge neutral carboxylic acid and pyridyl groups. The two acids and the 4,4′-BIPY together form discrete hydrogen bonded trimolecular assemblies. These assemblies form slipped stacks through ππ interactions approximately along [100]. Lateral Van der Waals interatactions approximately along [001] give rise to 2-D sheets. These sheets form alternating layers along [010] in which each layer is rotated by 180°.


Corresponding author: Jason B. Benedict, Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: DMR-2003932

Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by: National Science Foundation, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (award No. DMR-2003932).

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: National Science Foundation, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (award No. DMR-2003932).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

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Received: 2022-03-15
Accepted: 2022-05-02
Published Online: 2022-05-13
Published in Print: 2022-08-26

© 2022 Devin J. Angevine and Jason B. Benedict, published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  69. The crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ2-4,4′- bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl-κ2N:N′)-(μ2-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylato-κ2O:O′)]copper (II) hydrate, C26H21N5O8Cu
  70. The crystal structure of bis(4-(6-carboxy-8-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2- yl)piperazin-1-ium) adipate tetrahydrate, C36H52F2N8O14
  71. Synthesis and crystal structure of poly[aqua(μ4-(1R,2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-((7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate-κ4O:O′:O″:O‴)sodium(I)] monohydrate, C21H22NNaO12S
  72. Crystal structure of chlorido-(η6-toluene)(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, C17H16ClN2RuPF6
  73. The crystal structure of (R)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylisochroman-1-one, C11H12O4
  74. Crystal structure of catena-poly[(5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl -1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- κ4N,N′,Nʺ,N‴)nickel(II)-(μ2-perchlorato-κ2O:O′)] 3,5-dicarboxybenzoate – methanol (1/2), C27H49ClN4NiO12
  75. The crystal structure of 4-(chloromethyl)benzonitrile, C8H6ClN
  76. The crystal structure of dimethylammonium 8-[(7,9-dioxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)methyl]-9-oxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-7-olate, C19H25NO8
  77. Crystal structure of (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-((1-acetyl-5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate hemihydrate C24H25BrClNO11
  78. The crystal structure of the co-crystal tetrakis[2-(tris(4-methoxyphenyl)stannyl)ethyl]silane – tetrahydrofuran – toluene – tetrahydrofurane (1/1/1), C103H116O13SiSn4
  79. Crystal structure of methyl 3-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)propanoate, C16H13NO4
  80. Crystal structure of ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)acrylate, C15H12N2O4
  81. Crystal structure of methyl 2-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)acetate, C15H11NO4
  82. Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ2N:N′)cobalt(II)] tetrafluoroterephthalate, C26H28N8O6F4Co
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