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Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway

  • Guang-Yan Zhang EMAIL logo , Wei-Yong Chen , Xiao-Bo Li , Hua Ke and Xue-Lin Zhou
Published/Copyright: September 7, 2021
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

Scutellarin plays an anti-tumor role in A549 lung cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, scutellarin was used to treat A549 cells for 12, 24, and 48 h, followed by the addition of Tempo, a selective scavenger of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SB431542, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor inhibitor. A dihydroethidium fluorescence probe was used to measure the intracellular ROS level, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry was performed to examine apoptosis. Western blots were used to detect the total protein level of TGF-β1, p-smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 in A549 cells. The results showed that scutellarin significantly inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis. Scutellarin also promoted intracellular ROS production, TGF-β1/smad2 signaling pathway activation, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, which was partly reversed by Tempo. Moreover, scutellarin-induced intracellular ROS production and cleaved caspase-3 expression were inhibited by blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway with SB431542. In conclusion, scutellarin promoted apoptosis and intracellular ROS accumulation, which could be abrogated by Tempo and SB431542 treatment in A549 cells. Our study indicated that scutellarin induced A549 cell apoptosis via the TGF-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway.

Keywords: scutellarin; A549 cells; TGF-β1/smad2; ROS; cleaved caspase-3; apoptosis

1 Introduction

Lung cancer is diagnosed in 1.04 million cases and causes 921,000 deaths every year in China [1]. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases and is the most common type [2]. At present, although methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been partially successful, lung cancer has still not been cured.

Scutellarin, extracted from the perennial herb, is a flavonoid with a free hydroxyl in the 7 position [3]. One study reported that in malignant glioma, breast carcinoma, and prostate cancer, scutellarin inhibited cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate [4]. Guo et al. reported that scutellarin generated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) which resulted in apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells [5]. Moreover, an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was observed following scutellarin treatment of lung cancer cells [6]. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

It was reported that scutellarin promoted the production of ROS which selectively reduced the survival rate of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis without affecting non-malignant cells [7]. Das et al. demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced oxidative stress to generate ROS production through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway and induced cell apoptosis via cleavage of caspase-3 [8]. TGF-β is a secreted growth differentiation factor that binds to TGF-β receptor II and recruits and phosphorylates TGF-β receptor I [9]. Activated TGF-β receptor I phosphorylates two different smad proteins in the case of TGF-β, smad2 and smad3 [10]. These smad proteins then interact with smad4 to form the oligomeric complexes smad2/smad4 [11] and Smad3/Smad4 [12], which translocate to the nucleus, bind DNA, and regulate transcription. Because TGF-β has potent growth inhibitory activity in a variety of cells, it is considered a tumor suppressor [13]. The TGF-β/smad signaling pathway plays important roles in cancer cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis [14]. The activation of the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway mediates apoptosis, contributing to its anti-oncogenic effect in lung cancer, which is supported by studies showing that TGF-β1 plays an important role in mediating apoptosis of small cell lung cancer cells [15] and that the TGF-β1/smad2 signaling pathway is responsible for dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of human lung A549 adenocarcinoma cells [16]. Therefore, we hypothesized that the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway may be responsible for A549 cells’ apoptosis, which is also induced by scutellarin.

In our study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation assays were performed to detect the cell viability of scutellarin-exposed A549 cells. Annexin/propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to detect apoptosis of A549 cells. A dihydroethidium (DHE) probe was added to scutellarin-exposed A549 cells to quantify the intracellular ROS levels. Western blots were then performed to detect the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, TGF-β1, and phosphorylated (p)-smad2. The results demonstrate that scutellarin induces A549 cell apoptosis through the TGF-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Cell culture and reagents

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to culture A549 cells (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA). When the confluency of A549 cells reached 80–90%, the cells were passaged. CCK-8 reagent was purchased from the Tongren Institute of Chemistry (Dojindo, Japan). Primary antibodies against GAPDH, TGF-β1, p-smad2, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 (all diluted 1:1,000) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Scutellarin, Tempo, and SB431542 were obtained from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

2.2 CCK-8 proliferation assay

The cell viability of A549 cells was tested in CCK-8 proliferation assays. In short, A549 cells were inoculated in 96-well microplates at a concentration of 1 × 104 cells/well, incubated at 37°C with 5% of humidified CO2, then cultured in medium with and without scutellarin for 12, 24, and 48 h, followed by addition of CCK-8 reagent and incubation at 37°C for 1 h. A miniature flat panel reader (BioTEK, Winooski, VT, USA) was used to detect absorbance at 490 nm.

2.3 Annexin/PI staining

Flow cytometry (Annexin/PI staining) was used to detect the A549 apoptosis rate. In short, about 1 × 105 cells were harvested and washed twice with PBS. Binding buffer (100 μL) containing Annexin V-FITC and PI (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was added to stain the cells. A FACScan flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) was used to quantify Annexin V-FITC and PI staining on channels FL-1 and FL-3, respectively, and CellQuest Pro software (BD Biosciences) was used for analysis.

2.4 Detection of ROS levels by fluorescence microscopy

A DHE fluorescence probe (DCFH-DA; Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used to determine the level of intracellular ROS. In short, the cells were treated with DCFH-DA (10−5 M final concentration) and incubated in a light-protected humidification chamber at 37°C for 30 min and then washed with PBS. In this experiment, the excitation wavelength (488 nm) and emission wavelength (525 nm) were set by the fluorescence microscope (Axio Observer Z1Magol, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The fluorescence intensity was quantified by Image-Pro Plus version 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA) to compare the results between groups.

2.5 Western blotting analysis

The cells were treated with cleavage buffer containing protease and phosphate inhibitors (Beyotime) for 30 min. The lysate was collected and centrifuged at a speed of 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and boiled with loading buffer (Beyotime). Cell proteins (30 μg) were subjected to SDS-PAGE in 10% of gels and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The blots were blocked in 5% of skimmed milk, incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C and then incubated with the secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. The immunoreactive proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence.

2.6 Statistical analysis

Data were expressed as mean values ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical significance between groups was assessed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test and Student’s t-test using Prism 5.01 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3 Results

3.1 Proliferation decreased and apoptosis increased in scutellarin-exposed A549 cells

A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin (Control (0), 100, 250 and 500 μM), and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assays at 48 h. With the increase in scutellarin concentration, the proliferative activity of A549 cells gradually decreased, which indicated that scutellarin decreased A549 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 1a). We also observed that scutellarin reduced A549 cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner (Figure 1b). The Annexin/PI staining results showed that the apoptosis rate of the scutellarin-treated group was higher than the untreated group (Figure 1c and d).

Figure 1 Proliferation was decreased and apoptosis was increased in A549 cells by scutellarin treatment. (a) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin at a concentration of 0 (control), 100, 250 and 500 µM for 48 h and then CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability. (b) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin at a concentration of 0 (control), 100, 250 and 500 µM for 12, 24, and 48 h and then CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability. (c and d) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin (500 µM) for 24 h and then the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.
Figure 1

Proliferation was decreased and apoptosis was increased in A549 cells by scutellarin treatment. (a) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin at a concentration of 0 (control), 100, 250 and 500 µM for 48 h and then CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability. (b) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin at a concentration of 0 (control), 100, 250 and 500 µM for 12, 24, and 48 h and then CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability. (c and d) A549 cells were exposed to scutellarin (500 µM) for 24 h and then the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.

3.2 Intracellular ROS levels and expression of TGF-β1, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 increased in response to scutellarin exposure

To explore the effect of scutellarin on the protein level of TGF-β1, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 in A549 cells, the cells were treated with 500 µM of scutellarin for 24 h. It was observed that scutellarin promoted the expression of TGF-β1 and p-smad2 (Figure 2a–c). Caspase-3 is a key apoptotic molecule which is activated in the early stage of apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 consists of two large subunits (17 kDa) and two small subunits (12 kDa) which are cleaved by the corresponding cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates and eventually lead to apoptosis, which was measured after scutellarin treatment. Scutellarin significantly increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (Figure 2d). The intracellular ROS level was detected by DHE fluorescence probe and was significantly increased by scutellarin (Figure 2e and f).

Figure 2 Intracellular ROS level and expression of TGF-β1, smad2, and cleaved caspase 3 in A549 cells were increased after scutellarin exposure. A549 cells were treated with 500 µM scutellarin for 48 h. (a–d) Western blots were prepared to detect the expression of TGF-β1, p-smad2, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3, and the results were analyzed by Prism version 5.01 software. (e and f) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001  vs control.
Figure 2

Intracellular ROS level and expression of TGF-β1, smad2, and cleaved caspase 3 in A549 cells were increased after scutellarin exposure. A549 cells were treated with 500 µM scutellarin for 48 h. (a–d) Western blots were prepared to detect the expression of TGF-β1, p-smad2, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3, and the results were analyzed by Prism version 5.01 software. (e and f) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001  vs control.

3.3 Scutellarin-induced intracellular ROS level and cleaved caspase-3 expression were inhibited by Tempo

In order to explore the mechanism of apoptosis in scutellarin-treated A549 cells, we treated A549 cells with 500 μM of scutellarin and then added 100 μM of TEMPO, a selective scavenger of mitochondrial ROS. Western blots were then performed to detect the expression of TGF-β1, p-smad2, smad2, and cleaved caspase-3. TEMPO treatment significantly inhibited scutellarin-induced caspase-3 cleavage without affecting TGF-β1, p-smad2, or smad2 expression (Figure 3a–d). The intracellular ROS level was then detected using the DHE fluorescence probe and analyzed. ROS production induced by scutellarin exposure was inhibited by Tempo treatment (Figure 3e and f).

Figure 3 Intracellular ROS level and expression of cleaved caspase-3 induced by scutellarin were reversed by Tempo. (a–d) A549 cells were exposed to 500 µM of scutellarin with and without 100 µM of Tempo for 48 h, and western blots were prepared to detect the protein level of TGF-β1, p-smad2, and cleaved caspase-3. (e and f) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. ***P < 0.001 comparing the scutellarin + Tempo group vs the scutellarin group.
Figure 3

Intracellular ROS level and expression of cleaved caspase-3 induced by scutellarin were reversed by Tempo. (a–d) A549 cells were exposed to 500 µM of scutellarin with and without 100 µM of Tempo for 48 h, and western blots were prepared to detect the protein level of TGF-β1, p-smad2, and cleaved caspase-3. (e and f) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. ***P < 0.001 comparing the scutellarin + Tempo group vs the scutellarin group.

3.4 Intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in scutellarin-exposed A549 cells were inhibited by blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway with SB431542

We next examined whether ROS and TGF-β1/smad2 induced apoptosis through independent or similar mechanisms. SB431542, a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, was added to A549 cells before scutellarin treatment to block the TGF-β1 receptor. SB431542 inhibited scutellarin-induced TGF-β1/smad2 signaling pathway activation and cleaved caspase-3 expression (Figure 4a–d). SB431542 treatment also inhibited apoptosis in scutellarin-treated A549 cells (Figure 4e and f) and ROS accumulation (Figure 4g and h).

Figure 4 Intracellular ROS level and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by scutellarin were significantly decreased by blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway with SB431542. (a–d) A549 cells were treated with 500 µM of scutellarin with and without 10 mM of SB431542 for 48 h and then the expressions of TGF-β1, p-smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 were examined in western blots. (e and f) Apoptosis of A549 cells was tested by flow cytometry and analyzed. (g and h) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. ***P < 0.001 (scutellarin group vs control group) and P < 0.05 (scutellarin + SB431542 group vs scutellarin group).
Figure 4

Intracellular ROS level and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by scutellarin were significantly decreased by blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway with SB431542. (a–d) A549 cells were treated with 500 µM of scutellarin with and without 10 mM of SB431542 for 48 h and then the expressions of TGF-β1, p-smad2, and cleaved caspase-3 were examined in western blots. (e and f) Apoptosis of A549 cells was tested by flow cytometry and analyzed. (g and h) The intracellular ROS level was detected using a DHE fluorescence probe and then analyzed. ***P < 0.001 (scutellarin group vs control group) and P < 0.05 (scutellarin + SB431542 group vs scutellarin group).

4 Discussion

In the present study, we discovered that scutellarin decreased the viability and enhanced the apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our data analysis showed that scutellarin also significantly increased the intracellular ROS level and cleaved caspase-3 production, which could be abrogated by Tempo treatment. Moreover, blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway with SB431542 reversed cleaved caspase-3 expression, intracellular ROS accumulation, and apoptosis of A549 cells.

Scutellarin is a flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Erigeron breviscapus, which displays activity against cancer cells [17,18]. Cao et al. [19] reported that scutellarin plays a role in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis in A549 cells. Sun et al. [20] reported that scutellarin induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. It has also been reported that scutellarin ameliorated the drug resistance of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by promoting apoptosis [21]. In our study, we found that scutellarin significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and promoted cell apoptosis.

TGF-β is dysregulated in cancer, and as an important growth factor plays a crucial role in regulating tissue development and dynamic balance [22]. TGF-β exerts tumor-suppressive functions primarily resulting in apoptosis in the early phase of tumorigenesis [23]. TGF-β activates or inhibits the transcription of target genes through binding to its ligand and activating smads in the nucleus [24,25]. Studies have reported that TGF-β1 regulates apoptosis by activating smad2 [16,26,27]. Pan et al. [28] revealed that scutellarin suppressed TGF-β1 production to alleviate cardiac dysfunction of infarct rats. However, the effect of scutellarin on expression of TGF-β1 in cancer cells has not yet been examined. Our study observed that scutellarin activates the TGF-β1/smad2 signaling pathway and promotes the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in A549 cells.

Intracellular ROS induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis [29]. Scutellarin has different effects on the accumulation of ROS in normal cells and tumor cells. Scutellarin reduced apoptosis and ROS production to protect cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury [30]. However, scutellarin treatment promoted apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by inducing ROS accumulation [7]. Our study observed that intracellular ROS levels and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased in A549 cells after scutellarin exposure. We also observed that scutellarin induced upregulation of intracellular ROS levels and expression of cleaved caspase-3 were significantly inhibited by Tempo, a ROS scavenger.

TGF-β serves as a mediator of intracellular ROS production. Veith et al. [31] reported that TGF-β1 induced mitochondrial ROS production in human bronchial epithelial cells, which subsequently contributed to the epithelial injury and fibrotic lung scarring. TGF-β1 promoted the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells by activating NOX4 to generate ROS production [32]. Our study provides evidence that blocking the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway significantly inhibited the scutellarin-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in A549 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the TGF-β1/smad2 pathway was activated by scutellarin, which subsequently induced the production of ROS and eventually resulted in A549 cell apoptosis.

To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that the TGF-β1/smad2/ROS/capsase-3 signaling pathway is involved in scutellarin-induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Considering its anti-tumor effect on tumor cells and its protective effect in normal tissue cells, scutellarin may be a promising anti-tumor agent in the future.

  1. Funding information: This research was supported by the Chengdu Medical Scientific Research Project (2019099).

  2. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2021-04-26
Revised: 2021-07-01
Accepted: 2021-07-14
Published Online: 2021-09-07

© 2021 Guang-Yan Zhang et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  15. Circ_WWC3 overexpression decelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-421/PDE7B axis
  16. Knockdown of TUG1 rescues cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through targeting the miR-497/MEF2C axis
  17. MiR-146b-3p protects against AR42J cell injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model through targeting Anxa2
  18. miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer
  19. Diabetes and COVID-19
  20. Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
  21. TEAD4 is a novel independent predictor of prognosis in LGG patients with IDH mutation
  22. circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis
  23. microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury
  24. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
  25. Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
  26. Effects of Loofah cylindrica extract on learning and memory ability, brain tissue morphology, and immune function of aging mice
  27. Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
  28. Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
  29. Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
  30. Downregulation of circ_0037655 impedes glioma formation and metastasis via the regulation of miR-1229-3p/ITGB8 axis
  31. Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
  32. Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
  33. Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
  34. lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) knockdown alleviates LPS-induced chondrocytes inflammatory injury via regulating miR-488-3p/sex determining region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) axis
  35. Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis
  36. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis
  37. Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  38. Gamma irradiation-mediated inactivation of enveloped viruses with conservation of genome integrity: Potential application for SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development
  39. ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer
  40. The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer
  41. Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
  42. Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide
  43. T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology
  44. Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
  45. Long noncoding RNA HULC contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer via miR-137/ITGB8 axis
  46. Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
  47. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
  48. Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities
  49. Silencing of LINC00707 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by modulating miR-338-3p/AHSA1 axis
  50. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation of patient with cardiogenic shock induced by phaeochromocytoma crisis mimicking hyperthyroidism: A case report
  51. Effects of miR-185-5p on replication of hepatitis C virus
  52. Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis
  53. Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis presenting as lymphatic malformation: A case report
  54. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review
  55. Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
  56. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
  57. Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
  58. Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
  59. Invasive ductal carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as a collision breast tumor: A case report and literature review
  60. Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes
  61. CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
  62. WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  63. Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis
  64. Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
  65. Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway
  66. lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis
  67. A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer
  68. Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
  69. Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
  70. Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
  71. Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
  72. Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
  73. circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
  74. Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
  75. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
  76. Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
  77. Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
  78. Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
  79. Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
  80. Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
  81. miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
  82. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
  83. TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
  84. The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  85. Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
  86. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
  87. Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
  88. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
  89. ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
  90. ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
  91. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
  92. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
  93. Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
  94. Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
  95. Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
  96. Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
  97. miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
  98. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  99. Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
  100. Agriculture
  101. Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
  102. Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
  103. Food Science and Nutrition
  104. Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
  105. Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
  106. Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
  107. Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
  108. Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
  109. Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
  110. Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
  111. From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
  112. Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
  113. Plant Sciences
  114. Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
  115. Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
  116. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
  117. Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  118. Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
  119. Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
  120. In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
  121. Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
  122. Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
  123. Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
  124. In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
  125. Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
  126. How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
  127. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
  128. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  129. The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
  130. Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
  131. Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
  132. Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
  133. Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
  134. Animal Sciences
  135. Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
  136. Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
  137. Honey in wound healing: An updated review
  138. NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
  139. Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
  140. Retraction
  141. Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
  142. Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
  143. An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
  144. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
  145. Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
  146. Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
  147. Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
  148. lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0085
Keywords for this article
scutellarin; A549 cells; TGF-β1/smad2; ROS; cleaved caspase-3; apoptosis
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions
  3. Adriamycin-resistant cells are significantly less fit than adriamycin-sensitive cells in cervical cancer
  4. Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus
  5. Iris metastasis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as primary angle-closure glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature
  6. LncRNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression by sponging miR-503 to upregulate ARL2 expression
  7. Two new inflammatory markers related to the CURB-65 score for disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The hypersensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and fibrinogen to albumin ratio
  8. Circ_0091579 enhances the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-1287/PDK2 axis
  9. Silencing XIST mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
  10. Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats
  11. ABCB1 polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Montenegrin patients
  12. Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats
  13. miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2
  14. Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model
  15. Circ_WWC3 overexpression decelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-421/PDE7B axis
  16. Knockdown of TUG1 rescues cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through targeting the miR-497/MEF2C axis
  17. MiR-146b-3p protects against AR42J cell injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model through targeting Anxa2
  18. miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer
  19. Diabetes and COVID-19
  20. Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
  21. TEAD4 is a novel independent predictor of prognosis in LGG patients with IDH mutation
  22. circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis
  23. microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury
  24. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
  25. Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
  26. Effects of Loofah cylindrica extract on learning and memory ability, brain tissue morphology, and immune function of aging mice
  27. Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
  28. Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
  29. Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
  30. Downregulation of circ_0037655 impedes glioma formation and metastasis via the regulation of miR-1229-3p/ITGB8 axis
  31. Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
  32. Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
  33. Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
  34. lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) knockdown alleviates LPS-induced chondrocytes inflammatory injury via regulating miR-488-3p/sex determining region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) axis
  35. Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis
  36. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis
  37. Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  38. Gamma irradiation-mediated inactivation of enveloped viruses with conservation of genome integrity: Potential application for SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development
  39. ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer
  40. The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer
  41. Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
  42. Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide
  43. T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology
  44. Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
  45. Long noncoding RNA HULC contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer via miR-137/ITGB8 axis
  46. Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
  47. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
  48. Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities
  49. Silencing of LINC00707 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by modulating miR-338-3p/AHSA1 axis
  50. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation of patient with cardiogenic shock induced by phaeochromocytoma crisis mimicking hyperthyroidism: A case report
  51. Effects of miR-185-5p on replication of hepatitis C virus
  52. Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis
  53. Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis presenting as lymphatic malformation: A case report
  54. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review
  55. Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
  56. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
  57. Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
  58. Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
  59. Invasive ductal carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as a collision breast tumor: A case report and literature review
  60. Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes
  61. CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
  62. WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  63. Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis
  64. Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
  65. Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway
  66. lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis
  67. A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer
  68. Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
  69. Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
  70. Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
  71. Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
  72. Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
  73. circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
  74. Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
  75. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
  76. Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
  77. Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
  78. Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
  79. Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
  80. Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
  81. miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
  82. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
  83. TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
  84. The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  85. Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
  86. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
  87. Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
  88. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
  89. ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
  90. ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
  91. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
  92. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
  93. Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
  94. Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
  95. Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
  96. Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
  97. miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
  98. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  99. Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
  100. Agriculture
  101. Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
  102. Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
  103. Food Science and Nutrition
  104. Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
  105. Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
  106. Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
  107. Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
  108. Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
  109. Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
  110. Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
  111. From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
  112. Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
  113. Plant Sciences
  114. Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
  115. Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
  116. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
  117. Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  118. Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
  119. Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
  120. In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
  121. Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
  122. Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
  123. Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
  124. In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
  125. Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
  126. How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
  127. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
  128. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  129. The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
  130. Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
  131. Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
  132. Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
  133. Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
  134. Animal Sciences
  135. Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
  136. Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
  137. Honey in wound healing: An updated review
  138. NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
  139. Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
  140. Retraction
  141. Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
  142. Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
  143. An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
  144. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
  145. Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
  146. Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
  147. Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
  148. lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
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