Home Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
Article Open Access

Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose

  • Yuqi Yi , Lulu Liu , Wenyan Zhou , Daiyin Peng , Rongchun Han EMAIL logo and Nianjun Yu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 5, 2021
Download Article (PDF)
Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

Dendrobium huoshanense has been used for centuries in China and its polysaccharides are the main active components in treating loss of body fluids resulting from fever and asthenic symptoms. However, the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in D. huoshanense remains to be elucidated. In this study, we obtained a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-mannose pyrophosphorylase (DhGMPP) from D. huoshanense and characterized its function to catalyze the conversion of α-D-mannose-phosphate to GDP-D-mannose involved in the production of polysaccharides. DhGMPP, with the open reading frame of 1,245 bp, was isolated from RNA-Seq data of D. huoshanense. Phylogenetic analysis as well as sequence characterization suggested its involvement in the biosynthesis of GDP-D-mannose. In vitro enzyme assay demonstrated that GMPP encoded a pyrophosphorylase that converted α-D-mannose-phosphate and GTP into GDP-D-mannose. Identification of DhGMPP could provide more insights into the mechanism concerning polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. huoshanense and be utilized for enhancing polysaccharide accumulation through metabolic engineering.

Keywords: GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase; polysaccharide biosynthesis; guanosine-5-triphosphoric acid

1 Introduction

Embodied in Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the name of Dendrobii Caulis, the stem of Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang and S. J. Cheng has been used in Chinese medicine for centuries to treat loss of body fluids resulting from fever and asthenic symptoms [1,2]. While the plant produces versatile constituents including flavonoids, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, polysaccharides, and alkaloids [3,4,5], water-soluble polysaccharides act as its main active ingredients which by far demonstrated immuno-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, astringent, and tonic effects [6,7,8]. One prominent character shared by plants from genus Dendrobium is their high polysaccharide content. Regarding D. huoshanense stems, up to 36% of the dry weight is made of total polysaccharides, 90% of which are water-soluble [9,10]. Despite its high polysaccharide content, the yield of D. huoshanense could hardly meet robust demands of the pharmaceutical market because a dry stem, after 3-year cultivation, weighs only 3–8 g. There is no wonder that it is currently listed as an endangered species in China. From the perspective of plant biotechnology, to elaborate its polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway and pinpoint the key catalytic enzymes may help pave the way for producing D. huoshanense polysaccharides (DhPs) adopting bioengineering approaches.

Draft genome of D. huoshanense is yet to be achieved. Nevertheless, based on next-generation sequencing, gene expression pattern and structural gene analysis of D. officinale and D. catenatum [11,12] offered knowledge-based reasoning concerning DhP biosynthesis (Figure 1). As far as D. huoshanense is concerned, photosynthesis produces α-D-glucose and UDP-glucose that go on different paths for the formation of D-mannose-1-phosphate and guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-glucose. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene (DhGMPP) is a key factor to yield GDP-mannose and ultimately DhPs. By digging into D. huoshanense RNA-Seq data [13], we cloned a DhGMPP which was then functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. The function of DhGMPP recombinant protein to catalyze the reaction of α-D-mannose-phosphate and GTP to form GDP-D-mannose was also characterized (Figure 1). This functional assay of DhGMPP in D. huoshanense may facilitate further research studies for elucidating the whole DhP biosynthetic pathway.

Figure 1 Proposed biosynthetic pathway of D. huoshanense polysaccharides. Multiple arrows show the multistep reaction.
Figure 1

Proposed biosynthetic pathway of D. huoshanense polysaccharides. Multiple arrows show the multistep reaction.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Plant materials and chemical reagents

D. huoshanense seedlings were collected in April 2019 from Huoshan county, Anhui, China. α-D-Mannose-phosphate and GDP-D-mannose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, guanosine-5-triphosphoric acid (GTP) from Sangon-Biotech, and L-(+)-arabinose from Solarbio. Purity of all standard substances was ≥95%. All the other chemicals were analytical reagents.

2.2 DhGMPP heterologous protein expressed in E. coli

Total RNA from stem of D. huoshanense was isolated according to the method described previously [9]. After assessment of the extracted RNA by ultramicro spectrophotometer DS-11 (DeNovix, USA) with both OD260/230 and OD260/280 values in the range of 1.8–2.0, it was reverse-transcribed utilizing FastQuant RT kit with gDNase (Tiangen, China).

DhGMPP was amplified by Ex Taq DNA polymerase (Takara, Japan) with the following primers: DhGMPP-F: 5′-ATG GGG AGT TCG GAA GAG AGA GTT-3′, DhGMPP-R: 5′-TTA GAG GAT AAT CTC TTC CTG TAC ACT G-3′. The annealing temperature was set to 54°C. Subsequently, the gene was subcloned into destination vector pDEST17 via donor vector pDONR221 according to manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen, USA). Once transformation of the recombinant plasmids into E. coli BL21-AI one shot cells (Invitrogen, USA) was conducted, one colony was cultured with shaking at 37°C in LB medium containing 100 µg/mL ampicillin. As OD value at 600 nm reached 0.4, L-arabinose was added to a final concentration of 0.2% for 4 h for DhGMPP protein induction. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 12,000 × g for 5 min at 4°C and then resuspended in lysis buffer (10 mM imidazole, 10% glycerol, 400 mM NaCl, 0.5% Triton X-100, 100 mM KCl, 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7.8, and 1 mg/mL lysozyme) and sonicated at 4°C. The lysate was centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 2 min at 4°C and the supernatant containing soluble DhGMPP was verified by Western blotting [14,15]. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were conducted using BIO-RAD system. A total of 10 µg of crude proteins from each experimental group were separated on 10% acrylamide/bis PAGE and transblotted onto a PVDF membrane which was then incubated with Anti-6× His tag mouse monoclonal antibody (1:20,000; BBI life sciences, China) and subsequently AP-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG (1:7,500; BBI life sciences, China). DhGMPP recombinant protein was visualized by BCIP/NBT alkaline phosphatase staining.

2.3 Enzyme reaction and analytical methods

For phylogenetic analysis, GMPPs were aligned by the ClustalW multiple alignment and subjected for neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis using MEGA-X. Evolutionary distances were calculated by adopting the Maximum Composite Likelihood approach and pairwise deletion option was chosen to remove all ambiguous positions for each sequence pair.

The recombinant DhGMPP protein was tested for GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase activity using 2.5 mM GTP and 5 mM α-D-mannose-phosphate as substrates in 500 µL of reaction buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2 and 50 mM tris-HCl (pH 7.4) [16,17]. After incubation at 37°C for 10 min, the reaction mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 2 min at 4°C and an aliquot from the supernatant was injected into a LC-16 high-performance liquid chromatography system (Shimadzu, Japan). A Topsil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm; Welch, China) was used with isocratic elution of a two solvent mixture composed of 150 mM phosphate buffer (KH2PO4/K2HPO4, pH 6.0) and methanol (97:3; v/v) [18]. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min with the detection wavelength of 254 nm and the column compartment at 30°C.

3 Results

3.1 Cloning of DhGMPP and its sequence analysis

Annotated as “GTP-mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase” from deep transcriptomic data of D. huoshanense [13], the full-length DhGMPP cDNA (1,867 bp) was amplified and sequenced. DhGMPP (accession no. LC422838) encodes 415 amino acids that showed similarity to the unconfirmed putative mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferases from D. officinale (AHY34919) and D. catenatum (XP_020687968) using online BLASTP suite [19]. The size of DhGMPP protein is 45.77 kDa (415 amino acids) and this is in line with the known GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylases. Sequence alignment demonstrated that DhGMPP contains the nucleotidyl transferase domain IPR005835 at the N-terminal, which can be identified in quite a few enzymes that transfer nucleotides onto phosphosugars [20]. InterPro also assigned DhGMPP to nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferase superfamily catalyzing sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to form glycosidic bonds [21]. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DhGMPP belonged to the GMPPA group, and within the family of Orchidaceae, the sequences of GMPP were quite conserved (Figure 2). Judging from its sequence information, DhGMPP might be involved in the biosynthesis of GDP-D-mannose.

Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from D. huoshanense and the putative or confirmed GMPP sequences. Accession numbers were listed in the square brackets next to the respective species.
Figure 2

Phylogenetic tree of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from D. huoshanense and the putative or confirmed GMPP sequences. Accession numbers were listed in the square brackets next to the respective species.

3.2 Expression and functional assay of DhGMPP

Inducible expression of DhGMPP recombinant protein was performed in pDEST17 with a 6× His fusion tag at the N-terminal. With the size increase of 2.6 kDa by the fusion tag, the expected DhGMPP protein is approximately 48.4 kDa. In addition to the expression of recombinant plasmid, we cultured E. coli BL21-AI without the plasmid as a negative control. After cell collection and lysis for the control and expressed group, soluble proteins were quantified. A total of 10 µg of proteins from each group were loaded to the polyacrylamide gel, respectively. As expected, band of recombinant DhGMPP protein in lane 1 was in the range of 40–55 kDa, while lane 2 for negative control showed no band (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Western blotting result for DhGMPP recombinant protein and negative control. Lane 1 was group of expressed DhGMPP recombinant plasmid and Lane 2 group of negative control. Molecular marker was PageRuler prestained protein ladder (ThermoFisher, USA).
Figure 3

Western blotting result for DhGMPP recombinant protein and negative control. Lane 1 was group of expressed DhGMPP recombinant plasmid and Lane 2 group of negative control. Molecular marker was PageRuler prestained protein ladder (ThermoFisher, USA).

For assay of DhGMPP enzyme activities, the reaction mixture comprised 0.0125 µg/µL E. coli crude protein extract and the remaining substrates were mixed thoroughly and incubated in a metal bath. To test whether DhGMPP recombinant protein possessed the function as GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase in vitro, we used E. coli protein extract from the negative control and incubated for 10 min (Figure 4a). Two tubes of reaction mixture containing crude recombinant proteins were incubated for 0 min (Figure 4b) and 10 min (Figure 4c). GDP-mannose was produced in the presence of DhGMPP protein. Figure 4d represents the reaction mixture containing boiled DhGMPP protein. According to standard substances, retention times for GTP, GDP, and GDP-mannose were 7.0, 7.3, and 7.8 min, respectively.

Figure 4 HPLC analysis for DhGMPP in vitro enzyme activities. (a) represents catalytic result for negative control, (b) for DhGMPP at 0 min, (c) for DhGMPP at 10 min, and (d) for boiled DhGMPP at 10 min.
Figure 4

HPLC analysis for DhGMPP in vitro enzyme activities. (a) represents catalytic result for negative control, (b) for DhGMPP at 0 min, (c) for DhGMPP at 10 min, and (d) for boiled DhGMPP at 10 min.

4 Discussion

The enzyme with the designated name GDP-Man pyrophosphorylase was first reported in 1956 to fulfill the biosynthesis of GDP-mannose in yeast [22]. Later on, enzymes with the same function were purified from a number of multicellular organisms including Arabidopsis thaliana, bovine mammary gland, and porcine liver [23,24]. In addition, GMPP sequences from protozoans were also reported and functionally characterized [25,26,27]. GDP-mannose is critical for the biosynthesis of plant polysaccharides and N-linked glycoproteins. And as one of the sources of GDP-fucose that is essential for biosynthesis of vitamin C [28], GMPP and its product GDP-mannose play important role in plants. The GMPP from pig liver comprised alpha and beta subunits (GMPPA and GMPPB) whose homologous sequences were also confirmed in A. thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and so forth.

With the information provided by D. huoshanense transcriptomic data, a DhGMPP was cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis indicated that DhGMPP belonged to the GMPPA group. Previous evidence suggested that function of GMPPA was not to catalyze reactions itself, but to regulate GMPPB to facilitate the production of GDP-mannose. However, the biochemical properties of GMPPA remained unclear [29]. Although sequence similarity provides useful, sometimes key information in deducing enzymatic activities, structurally distinct enzymes may function on the same substrates, just as the example of glucosylation of strawberry flavor compounds catalyzed by distinct UDP-glycosyltransferases [30]. More data is needed for in-depth comprehension of both GMPPA and GMPPB.

By utilizing GTP and α-D-mannose-phosphate as substrates, DhGMPP catalyzes the reaction to yield GDP-mannose. Given the fact that D. huoshanense produces a large amount of polysaccharides which essentially contribute to its clinical efficacy, and the direct product of GDP-mannose by DhGMPP might also be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin C, providing insights into the function of DhGMPP is of great importance to tackle DhP biosynthetic pathway, and moreover, enhance or modify DhPs by applying related plant biotechnology.

5 Conclusion

Deduced from deep transcriptomic data, DhGMPP was cloned and then expressed in E. coli BL21-AI cells. Functional characterization of DhGMPP recombinant protein confirmed its ability to catalyze the conversion of α-D-mannose-phosphate to GDP-D-mannose.

tel: +86-551-6812-9173, fax: +86-551-6516-9222
tel: +86-551-6812-9171, fax: +86-551-6516-9222

  1. Funding: This study was supported, in part, by Education Department of Anhui Province (Grant No. KJ2019A0463) and Department of Science and Technology of Anhui Province (Grant No. 1804b06020356).

  2. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

[1] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. The pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China, 2015 edn. Beijing: China Medical Science Press; 2015. p. 185.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Ng TB, Liu J, Wong JH, Ye X, Wing Sze SC, Tong Y, et al. Review of research on Dendrobium, a prized folk medicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;93:1795–803.10.1007/s00253-011-3829-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Chang CC, Ku AF, Tseng YY, Yang WB, Fang JM, Wong CH. 6,8-Di-C-glycosyl flavonoids from Dendrobium huoshanense. J Nat Prod. 2010;73:229–32.10.1021/np900252fSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Si HY, Chen NF, Chen ND, Huang C, Li J, Wang H. Structural characterisation of a water-soluble polysaccharide from tissue-cultured Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng. Nat Prod Res. 2018;32:252–60.10.1080/14786419.2017.1350670Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Jin Q, Jiao C, Sun S, Song C, Cai Y, Lin Y, et al. Metabolic analysis of medicinal Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium huoshanense during different growth years. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0146607.10.1371/journal.pone.0146607Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[6] Li F, Cui SH, Zha XQ, Bansal V, Jiang YL, Asghar MN, et al. Structure and bioactivity of a polysaccharide extracted from protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium huoshanense. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;72:664–72.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[7] Ge JC, Zha XQ, Nie CY, Yu NJ, Li QM, Peng DY, et al. Polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense stems alleviates lung inflammation in cigarette smoke-induced mice. Carbohydr Polym. 2018;189:289–95.10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.054Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Cakova V, Bonte F, Lobstein A. Dendrobium: sources of active ingredients to treat age-related pathologies. Aging Dis. 2017;8:827–49.10.14336/AD.2017.0214Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] Liu L, Han R, Yu N, Zhang W, Xing L, Xie D, et al. A method for extracting high-quality total RNA from plant rich in polysaccharides and polyphenols using Dendrobium huoshanense. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0196592.10.1371/journal.pone.0196592Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[10] Deng Y, Chen LX, Han BX, Wu DT, Cheong KL, Chen NF, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016;129:163–71.10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.051Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Zhang GQ, Xu Q, Bian C, Tsai WC, Yeh CM, Liu KW, et al. The Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. genome sequence provides insights into polysaccharide synthase, floral development and adaptive evolution. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19029.10.1038/srep19029Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[12] Yan L, Wang X, Liu H, Tian Y, Lian J, Yang R, et al. The genome of Dendrobium officinale illuminates the biology of the important traditional Chinese orchid herb. Mol Plant. 2015;8:922–34.10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.011Search in Google Scholar

[13] Han R, Xie D, Tong X, Zhang W, Liu G, Peng D, et al. Transcriptomic landscape of Dendrobium huoshanense and its genes related to polysaccharide biosynthesis. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2018;87:1–11.10.5586/asbp.3574Search in Google Scholar

[14] Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979;76:4350–4.10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350Search in Google Scholar

[15] Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227:680–5.10.1038/227680a0Search in Google Scholar

[16] Ning B, Elbein AD. Purification and properties of mycobacterial GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999;362:339–45.10.1006/abbi.1998.1053Search in Google Scholar

[17] Asención Diez MD, Demonte A, Giacomelli J, Garay S, Rodrígues D, Hofmann B, et al. Functional characterization of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Arch Microbiol. 2010;192:103–14.10.1007/s00203-009-0534-3Search in Google Scholar

[18] Pedro L, Cross M, Hofmann A, Mak T, Quinn RJ. Development of an HPLC-based guanosine monophosphate kinase assay and application to Plasmodium vivax guanylate kinase. Anal Biochem. 2019;575:63–9.10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.022Search in Google Scholar

[19] Boratyn GM, Schäffer AA, Agarwala R, Altschul SF, Lipman DJ, Madden TL. Domain enhanced lookup time accelerated BLAST. Biol Direct. 2012;7:12.10.1186/1745-6150-7-12Search in Google Scholar

[20] Jensen SO, Reeves PR. Domain organisation in phosphomannose isomerases (types I and II). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;382:5–7.10.1016/S0167-4838(97)00122-2Search in Google Scholar

[21] Mitchell AL, Attwood TK, Babbitt PC, Blum M, Bork P, Bridge A, et al. InterPro in 2019: improving coverage, classification and access to protein sequence annotations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D351–60.10.1093/nar/gky1100Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[22] Munch-Petersen A. Reversible enzymic synthesis of guanosine diphosphate mannose from guanosine triphosphate and mannose-1-phosphate. Acta Chem Scand. 1956;10:928–34.10.3891/acta.chem.scand.10-0928Search in Google Scholar

[23] Szumilo T, Drake RR, York JL, Elbein AD. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. Purification to homogeneity, properties, and utilization to prepare photoaffinity analogs. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:17943–50.10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46796-2Search in Google Scholar

[24] Ning B, Elbein AD. Cloning, expression and characterization of the pig liver GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. Evidence that GDP-mannose and GDP-Glc pyrophosphorylases are different proteins. Eur J Biochem. 2000;267:6866–74.10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01781.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] Denton H, Fyffe S, Smith TK. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase is essential in the bloodsteam form of Trypanosoma brucei. Biochem J. 2010;425:603–14.10.1042/BJ20090896Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Davis AJ, Perugini MA, Smith BJ, Stewart JD, Ilg T, Hodder AN, et al. Properties of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, a critical enzyme and drug target in Leishmania mexicana. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:12462–8.10.1074/jbc.M312365200Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Mao W, Daligaux P, Lazar N, Ha-Duong T, Cavé C, van Tilbeurgh H, et al. Biochemical analysis of leishmanial and human GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylases and selection of inhibitors as new leads. Sci Rep. 2017;7:751.10.1038/s41598-017-00848-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[28] Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, et al. Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:15662–70.10.1074/jbc.M601409200Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Hirayama H, Suzuki T. GDP-Mannose pyrophosphorylase A, B (GMPPA, B). In: Taniguchi N, Honke K, Fukuda M, Narimatsu H, Yamaguchi Y, Angata T, (Eds). Handbook of glycosyltransferases and related genes. Tokyo: Springer; 2014.10.1007/978-4-431-54240-7_155Search in Google Scholar

[30] Song C, Hong X, Zhao S, Liu J, Schulenburg K, Huang FC, et al. Glucosylation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, the key strawberry flavor compound in strawberry fruit. Plant Physiol. 2016;171:139–51.10.1104/pp.16.00226Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2020-08-06
Revised: 2020-12-09
Accepted: 2020-12-10
Published Online: 2021-02-05

© 2021 Yuqi Yi et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions
  3. Adriamycin-resistant cells are significantly less fit than adriamycin-sensitive cells in cervical cancer
  4. Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus
  5. Iris metastasis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as primary angle-closure glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature
  6. LncRNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression by sponging miR-503 to upregulate ARL2 expression
  7. Two new inflammatory markers related to the CURB-65 score for disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The hypersensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and fibrinogen to albumin ratio
  8. Circ_0091579 enhances the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-1287/PDK2 axis
  9. Silencing XIST mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
  10. Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats
  11. ABCB1 polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Montenegrin patients
  12. Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats
  13. miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2
  14. Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model
  15. Circ_WWC3 overexpression decelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-421/PDE7B axis
  16. Knockdown of TUG1 rescues cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through targeting the miR-497/MEF2C axis
  17. MiR-146b-3p protects against AR42J cell injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model through targeting Anxa2
  18. miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer
  19. Diabetes and COVID-19
  20. Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
  21. TEAD4 is a novel independent predictor of prognosis in LGG patients with IDH mutation
  22. circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis
  23. microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury
  24. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
  25. Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
  26. Effects of Loofah cylindrica extract on learning and memory ability, brain tissue morphology, and immune function of aging mice
  27. Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
  28. Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
  29. Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
  30. Downregulation of circ_0037655 impedes glioma formation and metastasis via the regulation of miR-1229-3p/ITGB8 axis
  31. Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
  32. Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
  33. Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
  34. lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) knockdown alleviates LPS-induced chondrocytes inflammatory injury via regulating miR-488-3p/sex determining region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) axis
  35. Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis
  36. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis
  37. Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  38. Gamma irradiation-mediated inactivation of enveloped viruses with conservation of genome integrity: Potential application for SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development
  39. ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer
  40. The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer
  41. Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
  42. Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide
  43. T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology
  44. Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
  45. Long noncoding RNA HULC contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer via miR-137/ITGB8 axis
  46. Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
  47. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
  48. Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities
  49. Silencing of LINC00707 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by modulating miR-338-3p/AHSA1 axis
  50. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation of patient with cardiogenic shock induced by phaeochromocytoma crisis mimicking hyperthyroidism: A case report
  51. Effects of miR-185-5p on replication of hepatitis C virus
  52. Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis
  53. Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis presenting as lymphatic malformation: A case report
  54. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review
  55. Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
  56. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
  57. Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
  58. Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
  59. Invasive ductal carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as a collision breast tumor: A case report and literature review
  60. Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes
  61. CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
  62. WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  63. Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis
  64. Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
  65. Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway
  66. lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis
  67. A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer
  68. Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
  69. Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
  70. Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
  71. Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
  72. Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
  73. circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
  74. Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
  75. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
  76. Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
  77. Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
  78. Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
  79. Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
  80. Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
  81. miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
  82. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
  83. TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
  84. The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  85. Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
  86. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
  87. Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
  88. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
  89. ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
  90. ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
  91. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
  92. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
  93. Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
  94. Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
  95. Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
  96. Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
  97. miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
  98. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  99. Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
  100. Agriculture
  101. Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
  102. Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
  103. Food Science and Nutrition
  104. Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
  105. Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
  106. Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
  107. Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
  108. Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
  109. Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
  110. Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
  111. From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
  112. Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
  113. Plant Sciences
  114. Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
  115. Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
  116. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
  117. Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  118. Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
  119. Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
  120. In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
  121. Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
  122. Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
  123. Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
  124. In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
  125. Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
  126. How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
  127. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
  128. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  129. The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
  130. Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
  131. Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
  132. Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
  133. Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
  134. Animal Sciences
  135. Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
  136. Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
  137. Honey in wound healing: An updated review
  138. NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
  139. Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
  140. Retraction
  141. Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
  142. Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
  143. An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
  144. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
  145. Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
  146. Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
  147. Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
  148. lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0015
Keywords for this article
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase; polysaccharide biosynthesis; guanosine-5-triphosphoric acid
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions
  3. Adriamycin-resistant cells are significantly less fit than adriamycin-sensitive cells in cervical cancer
  4. Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus
  5. Iris metastasis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as primary angle-closure glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature
  6. LncRNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression by sponging miR-503 to upregulate ARL2 expression
  7. Two new inflammatory markers related to the CURB-65 score for disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The hypersensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and fibrinogen to albumin ratio
  8. Circ_0091579 enhances the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-1287/PDK2 axis
  9. Silencing XIST mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
  10. Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats
  11. ABCB1 polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Montenegrin patients
  12. Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats
  13. miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2
  14. Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model
  15. Circ_WWC3 overexpression decelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-421/PDE7B axis
  16. Knockdown of TUG1 rescues cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through targeting the miR-497/MEF2C axis
  17. MiR-146b-3p protects against AR42J cell injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model through targeting Anxa2
  18. miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer
  19. Diabetes and COVID-19
  20. Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
  21. TEAD4 is a novel independent predictor of prognosis in LGG patients with IDH mutation
  22. circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis
  23. microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury
  24. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
  25. Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
  26. Effects of Loofah cylindrica extract on learning and memory ability, brain tissue morphology, and immune function of aging mice
  27. Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
  28. Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
  29. Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
  30. Downregulation of circ_0037655 impedes glioma formation and metastasis via the regulation of miR-1229-3p/ITGB8 axis
  31. Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
  32. Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
  33. Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
  34. lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) knockdown alleviates LPS-induced chondrocytes inflammatory injury via regulating miR-488-3p/sex determining region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) axis
  35. Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis
  36. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis
  37. Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  38. Gamma irradiation-mediated inactivation of enveloped viruses with conservation of genome integrity: Potential application for SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development
  39. ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer
  40. The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer
  41. Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
  42. Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide
  43. T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology
  44. Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
  45. Long noncoding RNA HULC contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer via miR-137/ITGB8 axis
  46. Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
  47. Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
  48. Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities
  49. Silencing of LINC00707 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by modulating miR-338-3p/AHSA1 axis
  50. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation of patient with cardiogenic shock induced by phaeochromocytoma crisis mimicking hyperthyroidism: A case report
  51. Effects of miR-185-5p on replication of hepatitis C virus
  52. Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis
  53. Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis presenting as lymphatic malformation: A case report
  54. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review
  55. Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
  56. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
  57. Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
  58. Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
  59. Invasive ductal carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as a collision breast tumor: A case report and literature review
  60. Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes
  61. CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
  62. WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  63. Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis
  64. Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
  65. Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway
  66. lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis
  67. A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer
  68. Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
  69. Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
  70. Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
  71. Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
  72. Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
  73. circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
  74. Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
  75. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
  76. Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
  77. Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
  78. Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
  79. Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
  80. Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
  81. miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
  82. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
  83. TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
  84. The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  85. Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
  86. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
  87. Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
  88. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
  89. ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
  90. ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
  91. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
  92. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
  93. Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
  94. Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
  95. Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
  96. Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
  97. miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
  98. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  99. Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
  100. Agriculture
  101. Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
  102. Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
  103. Food Science and Nutrition
  104. Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
  105. Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
  106. Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
  107. Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
  108. Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
  109. Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
  110. Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
  111. From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
  112. Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
  113. Plant Sciences
  114. Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
  115. Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
  116. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
  117. Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  118. Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
  119. Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
  120. In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
  121. Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
  122. Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
  123. Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
  124. In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
  125. Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
  126. How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
  127. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
  128. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  129. The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
  130. Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
  131. Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
  132. Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
  133. Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
  134. Animal Sciences
  135. Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
  136. Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
  137. Honey in wound healing: An updated review
  138. NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
  139. Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
  140. Retraction
  141. Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
  142. Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
  143. An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
  144. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
  145. Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
  146. Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
  147. Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
  148. lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 6.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2021-0015/html
Scroll to top button