Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
-
Chunbo Wei
,
Xuanchen Wan
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of different selenium (Se) sources on the growth performance of Chinese broilers and provide a scientific rationale for adding Se additives to broiler feed. Relevant studies that meet standard inclusion criteria were identified and extracted from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) databases. A total of 9 studies with 539 subjects were included. A meta-analysis was performed with STATA15.0 to estimate the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity test of articles was examined by Q-test, and the results showed that P values of feed conversion ratio, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily intake were all less than 0.05, suggesting a strong heterogeneity among the selected literature. Therefore, the random effect model is selected to calculate the SMD of the three indexes. The combined SMDs (95% CI) of feed:gain, ADG, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were −0.39 (−1.03, 0.25), 0.26 (−0.29, 0.81), and −1.45 (−3.09, 0.20), respectively, and the P values were all less than 0.05. This study shows that the absolute differences in the growth performance (feed:gain, ADG, and ADFI) of broilers fed with either organic or inorganic Se supplements at the same dose were quite small. The P values of Egger’s test were 0.770, 0.089, and 0.426, respectively, for the above indexes, showing no significant publication bias. Sensitivity analysis ensured the stability and reliability of the results. In summary, the effects of organic and inorganic Se in feed on the growth performance of broilers are statistically equal.
1 Introduction
Selenium (Se) is one of the substantial trace elements for animals, first discovered by Swedish chemist Berzelius in 1817. Se is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase, which has strong oxidation and immunity enhancing ability, and prevents some diseases in animals [1]. It also promotes growth and plays an important role in maintaining normal development and production of animals [2]. Se deficiency in poultry can lead to symptoms such as oozing diathesis, pancreatic fiber degeneration, and muscle nutritional atrophy, as well as phenomena such as reduced reproductive performance, thyroid dysfunction, decreased immune function, and reduced stress tolerance [3]. Se deficiency will lead to Keshan disease, Kashin–Beck disease, hypothyroidism, and a weakened immune system. Se has many such functions, which have become increasingly evident. Besides meeting basic nutritional requirements, it has potential health benefits [4].
Most areas of China are Se-deficient areas. Generally, Se in raw feed materials alone is not enough to meet the needs of animals for health and development, which should be supplemented by external sources [5]. Food is the main source of Se. The concentration of Se in foodstuffs is directly determined by the content of Se in the soil. An Se deficit in animals may be attributed to low Se levels in the soil. This mainly applies to cattle and sheep, with their direct link to soil via roughage. The risk of Se deficit in pigs and poultry is relatively lower because of reduced dependence on soil Se levels in local region and Se fortification in feed mixes [6]. Se deficiency is rare in most countries. However, it is quite common in China because of the soil type. Se can enter the food chain through plants, and through livestock and poultry products supplemented with Se additives. However, the variability in Se content of feedstuffs from different geographic regions makes Se supplementation of livestock and poultry diets an important safety factor in diet formulation [7]. Therefore, there are two benefits of Se supplementation for livestock and poultry: it can not only improve the health and performance of animals but also affect the quality of animal products (e.g., meat, milk, and eggs) and thereby improve human health [8]. Se is not only a nutritive functional additive but also a highly toxic mineral element. In China, the limit of Se in mixed feed for poultry is 0.5 mg/kg [9].
Se can be simply divided into organic and inorganic sources. Inorganic Se is passively absorbed in animal body in various ways, including simple diffusion absorption of selenite, coordinated transport of Se acid salt and sodium ions into the bloodstream in reponse to selenide deficiency, and transportation of cystine or sulfur compounds form loose structure to become a part of Se library [10]. Inorganic Se is mainly used in the form of sodium selenite, which is most widely used in livestock diets as a Se source. However, its strong toxicity, low bioavailability, and oxidation potential have adverse effects on animals and the environment [11]. Organic Se predominantly exists in the form of Se yeast or selenomethionine and has good absorption and utilization rates. It is absorbed by the body actively like an amino acid.
Selenomethionine is absorbed in small intestine by neutral amino acid transport system in animals. It shares amino acid transport mechanism of protein synthesis with methionine. It has been reported that the utilization rate of organic Se is higher than that of inorganic Se in laying hen diets because of its high bioavailability [12–13]. Organic Se generally exists in the form of Se yeast, which can be directly absorbed, converted, and used by animals [14–15]. It improves their antioxidant capacity, production performance, immunity, and anti-stress capacity and promotes body growth and development [16]. The absorption and metabolism of different forms of Se are quite different in the body [17]. For broilers, if supplemented with organic Se (Se yeast), the water loss of chicken can be greatly reduced, the quality of feathers can be significantly improved, and the production performance can also be improved by 2–4%. After being supplemented with Se yeast, the growth rate of broilers was also improved to a certain extent [18].
There is a lot of literature about the effects of organic and inorganic Se on the growth performance of broilers in China; however, the results differ, and there is a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with large sample sizes. To further elucidate the effects of different Se sources on the growth performance of broilers, this study identified and integrated previous studies on the effects of different Se sources on the growth performance of broilers for meta-analysis to provide a scientific basis for whether organic Se can replace inorganic Se as a nutritional additive.
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Retrieval strategy
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI; https://www.cnki.net/), Wanfang (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/index.html), and Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP; http://www.cqvip.com/) databases were searched. Chinese search terms included “growth performance of broiler,” “production performance of broiler,” “growth of broiler,” “different selenium sources,” “organic selenium,” and so on. Literature that did not meet the inclusion criteria was manually excluded, with the reasons for exclusion indicated.
2.1.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the type of study was an RCT; (2) the research subject was broilers in China; (3) the intervention measures were adding organic Se to the diet of the experimental group and inorganic Se to the diet of the control group. The amount of Se additive was 0.3 mg/kg; and (4) the outcome index is the growth performance of broilers, including the feed conversion ratio, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) indicators. The mean value and standard deviation should be clearly stated in the study.
Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) reviews, systematic evaluations, and repetitive literature; (2) studies inconsistent in their research content, intervention measures, and control measures; (3) non-RCT experiments and studies were not strictly prohibited on the basis of experimental design and method; (4) studies with inconsistent observation indexes, incomplete data, and inconsistent control; and (5) studies on Se combined with other mineral elements or probiotics.
2.2 Method
2.2.1 Analysis method
In this study, meta-analysis was used to summarize and analyze multiple studies of different Se sources on the growth performance of broilers. At present, the meta-analysis of RCTs is common, and the relevant statistical analysis methods are relatively mature. Meta-analysis is suitable for large-scale and long-term studies when studies have shown different results, when decision-making is urgently required, and when there is a lack of time or inadequate conditions to carry out further experiments. By summarizing a large number of research results, meta-analysis can obtain results that are more persuasive than any single study and provide a good basis for drawing conclusions for urgent decision-making.
2.2.2 Statistical analysis
Using Stata 15.0 software, the comprehensive effect estimate of each study was calculated. The comprehensive effect quantity is expressed by the standardized mean difference (SMD). The SMD can eliminate the influence of different research measurement units. The Q-test was used to test whether there was heterogeneity among the studies, and Egger’s regression test was used to test whether there was bias in literature publication.
3 Results
3.1 Literature search results
In this study, 183 RCTs were retrieved from the databases (74 from China CNKI, 85 from Wanfang, and 24 from VIP). Of them, 130 were left after duplicate exclusion. Another 89 RCTs were excluded by the preliminary screening of titles and abstracts, and 32 after reading full articles. Ultimately, nine studies were included in this meta-analysis in line with the aforementioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included literature was published between 2001 and 2016, among which the number of studies corresponding to the topics of feed conversion ratio, ADG, and average daily intake was nine, nine, and six [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], respectively. The retrieval flow chart is shown in Figure 1.
Literature retrieval process.
3.2 Document content extraction
The content of the literature that met the inclusion criteria was extracted, which included the following: (1) the first author and published years; (2) the sample size of the control group and the experimental group, the intervention measures of the experimental group, and the experimental period; (3) the source of Se; and (4) the outcome indicators (feed conversion ratio, ADG, mean, and standard deviation of ADFI) (Table 1).
Basic characteristics of the included studies
| First author | Publication year | Number of samples | Test cycle time/day | Types and sources of organic Se | Index value (A: inorganic Se, B: organic Se) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feed:gain | ADG/g | ADFI/g | |||||
| Xiaojing Yang | 2001 | 30 | 12 | Se yeast (American Otchi Company) | A = 2.20 ± 0.08 | A = 57.70 ± 1.68 | |
| B = 2.26 ± 0.04 | B = 59.56 ± 1.41 | ||||||
| Feng Guo | 2004 | 45 | 49 | Se yeast | A = 2.48 ± 0.11 | A = 53.47 ± 2.04 | A = 132.38 ± 0.86 |
| B = 2.22 ± 0.12 | B = 55.43 ± 2.01 | B = 123.05 ± 1.83 | |||||
| Feili Xu | 2007 | 24 | 28 | Selenomethionine (Sichuan Chengdu Xu Health Products Technology Co. Ltd) | A = 1.73 ± 0.02 | A = 18.16 ± 0.35 | A = 31.42 ± 8.92 |
| B = 1.70 ± 0.01 | B = 19.83 ± 2.07 | B = 33.71 ± 3.54 | |||||
| Qinghua Song | 2009 | 68 | 53 | Methionine Se | A = 2.48 ± 0.08 | A = 26.73 ± 2.25 | |
| B = 2.62 ± 0.14 | B = 26.63 ± 0.63 | ||||||
| Chun Fan | 2009 | 24 | 27 | Se yeast | A = 2.04 ± 0.11 | A = 56.31 ± 3.15 | A = 116.06 ± 3.70 |
| B = 2.03 ± 0.02 | B = 57.14 ± 0.69 | B = 116.84 ± 1.93 | |||||
| Sifeng Yi | 2010 | 30 | 35 | Se yeast (Angel Yeast Co. Ltd) | A = 1.94 ± 0.05 | A = 57.82 ± 1.21 | A = 121.74 ± 1.43 |
| B = 1.93 ± 0.06 | B = 58.00 ± 1.14 | B = 121.77 ± 1.41 | |||||
| Jinke Tian | 2012 | 120 | 42 | Se yeast (Wuhan Xinhua Yang Biological Co. Ltd) | A = 1.76 ± 0.03 | A = 53.79 ± 0.98 | A = 94.27 ± 0.70 |
| B = 1.73 ± 0.03 | B = 52.75 ± 0.43 | B = 91.01 ± 1.22 | |||||
| Junrui Guo | 2014 | 108 | 42 | Se yeast | A = 1.81 ± 0.05 | A = 52.80 ± 2.20 | A = 95.50 ± 5.70 |
| B = 1.81 ± 0.06 | B = 53.60 ± 3.00 | B = 96.70 ± 3.50 | |||||
| Xue Xiao | 2016 | 90 | 21 | Se yeast | A = 1.58 ± 0.08 | A = 22.19 ± 0.79 | |
| B = 1.56 ± 0.05 | B = 22.11 ± 0.02 | ||||||
3.3 Meta-analysis of the effect of different Se sources on growth performance of broilers
3.3.1 Heterogeneity test
The results of Q-test showed that the p values of feed conversion ratio, ADG, and ADFI were all less than 0.05, suggesting a strong heterogeneity among the selected literature in this study. Therefore, the random effect model is selected to calculate the SMD of the three indexes. Compared with the inorganic Se control group, the SMD of the organic Se experimental group was −0.39, 95% confidence interval (95% CI: −1.03, 0.25) (P < 0.05) (Figure 2); SMD of ADG was 0.26, 95% CI (−0.29, 0.81) (P < 0.05) (Figure 3); and SMD of ADFI was −1.45, 95% CI (−3.09, 0.20) (P < 0.05) (Figure 4).
A meta-analysis forest map of effects of different Se sources on feed conversion ratio of broilers.
A meta-analysis forest map of effects of different Se sources on average daily weight gain of broilers.
A meta-analysis of forest map of effects of different Se sources on daily feed intake of broiler.
3.3.2 Publication bias test
The bias test was carried out on the literature included in the study. Because less than ten studies were included in the study, Egger’s regression test was used for analysis. The p values of Egger’s test were 0.770, 0.089, and 0.426 for feed conversion ratio, ADG, and ADFI, respectively. All the p values were greater than 0.05, showing no significant publication bias within the three study topics.
3.3.3 Sensitivity analysis
To test the sensitivity of the research results, the method of maximum weight measurement was applied in the study of feed conversion ratio, ADG, and ADFI. It is visible that the two maximum weighted measurements for the feed conversion ratio were −0.31 (−1.01, 0.40) and −0.44 (−1.21, 0.33), respectively, after removing the maximum weighted measurement; the combined SMD for ADG was 0.26 (−0.39, 0.91) after the removal of the maximum weight; and the combined SMD for average daily intake was −1.80 (−3.88, 0.27) after the removal of the most important weight. It can be seen that there is no significant change in the combined SMD of the three indexes after the removal of the largest weighted measurement, which indicates that the sensitivity of the included literature is relatively small and the research results were stable and reliable.
4 Discussion
So far there were plenty of studies on the effects of organic and inorganic Se on the growth performance of chickens, but the results were inconsistent because of different research periods, sample sizes, growth stages, growth environments, or feed conditions of the research subjects. Current research conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies and found that the effects of organic and inorganic Se in feed are statistically the same on the growth performance of broilers. Egger’s test did not point out any significant bias in the publication of literature. In the sensitivity analysis, there was no significant change in the combined SMD when the largest weight measurement of the three indexes was removed, indicating that the sensitivity was low, and the research results were reliable.
At present, there are great differences in the published research results of the effects of organic and inorganic Se on the growth performance of broilers. Xu [23] found that the growth performance of 49-day yellow-feathered broiler with 0.60 mg/kg organic Se has been superior. Bakhshalinejad et al. [28] found that feeding a diet containing 0.4 mg/kg of Se regardless of its source results in greatest ADG [23]. Zou et al. and Li et al. found that the effect of 0.15 mg/kg organic Se on growth performance of broilers was significantly improved than inorganic Se, and the growth promoting effect of sodium selenite is not obvious, which may be related to the low level of sodium selenite [29,30]. On the contrary, the studies of Tian et al. [20] and Song and Tian [21] showed that the ADG and feed conversion ratio of broilers supplemented with different Se sources had no significant differences. The different results in different articles may be related to broiler breeds (Tian et al. [20] used AA broilers and Song and Tian [21] used Ma Yu broiler, a local broiler breed in Guangxi province, China), test period, test environment, feeding conditions, and other factors, which need to be further studied.
The price of inorganic Se is low, which is an economic advantage for farmers. However, the toxicity of inorganic Se is high, which may damage the livers of broilers and reduce the quality of meat. The utilization rate is low and the unused inorganic Se may pollute the environment. The price of organic Se is high, but it can be directly absorbed and used by the small intestine. It has a relatively good utilization rate and therefore causes less environmental pollution [19]. In addition, the retention time of organic Se in chickens is longer than that of inorganic Se. In good nutritional condition, organic Se can be stored. In case of insufficient nutritional intake of Se in the organism, the stored organic Se can be replenished into physiological metabolism, so as to meet the body’s demand for Se. Organic Se can improve the body’s immunity and affect the growth performance of the organism by affecting its ingestion and absorption [1].
5 Conclusion
This meta-analysis summarized previous studies on the effects of different Se sources on the growth performance of broilers, and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the effects of organic and inorganic Se supplementation in broilers of China, which ended some controversies in this research field to a certain extent. Hence, farms can choose either organic or inorganic Se feed additives according to their own needs and conditions. Considering the growth performance of livestock only, there is no significant difference between these two sources of Se. However, considering the high utilization rate and environment-friendly characteristics of organic Se, we recommend using organic Se as an additive in broiler’s feed.
Funding
This work was funded by Heilongjiang BAYI Agricultural University Cultivation Program Fund (No. XZR2017-06).
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Author contributions: C.B.W. and Y.Z. proposed the method and supervised X.L. and X.W. in writing the manuscript. H.W. and T.H. collected related literature. X.L. and K.B. conducted meta-analysis. C.W. and Y.Z. participated in the interpretation of the results.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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© 2021 Chunbo Wei et al., published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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- Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
- Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
- circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
- Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
- Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
- Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
- Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
- Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
- Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
- miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
- The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
- TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
- The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
- Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
- Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
- Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
- ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
- ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
- Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
- Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
- Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
- Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
- Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
- miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
- Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
- Agriculture
- Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
- Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
- Food Science and Nutrition
- Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
- Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
- Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
- Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
- Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
- Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
- Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
- From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
- Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
- Plant Sciences
- Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
- Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
- Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
- Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
- Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
- In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
- Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
- Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
- Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
- In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
- Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
- How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
- Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
- Ecology and Environmental Sciences
- The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
- Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
- Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
- Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
- Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
- Animal Sciences
- Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
- Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
- Honey in wound healing: An updated review
- NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
- Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
- Retraction
- Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
- Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
- An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
- Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
- Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
- Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
- Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
- lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
Articles in the same Issue
- Biomedical Sciences
- Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions
- Adriamycin-resistant cells are significantly less fit than adriamycin-sensitive cells in cervical cancer
- Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus
- Iris metastasis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma misdiagnosed as primary angle-closure glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature
- LncRNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression by sponging miR-503 to upregulate ARL2 expression
- Two new inflammatory markers related to the CURB-65 score for disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The hypersensitive C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and fibrinogen to albumin ratio
- Circ_0091579 enhances the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-1287/PDK2 axis
- Silencing XIST mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells through modulating miR-30b-5p/CCL16 axis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway
- Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats
- ABCB1 polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Montenegrin patients
- Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats
- miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2
- Verification of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chronic neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury rat model
- Circ_WWC3 overexpression decelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-421/PDE7B axis
- Knockdown of TUG1 rescues cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through targeting the miR-497/MEF2C axis
- MiR-146b-3p protects against AR42J cell injury in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model through targeting Anxa2
- miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer
- Diabetes and COVID-19
- Discovery of novel potential KIT inhibitors for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- TEAD4 is a novel independent predictor of prognosis in LGG patients with IDH mutation
- circTLK1 facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating miR-495-3p/CBL axis
- microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury
- Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
- Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
- Effects of Loofah cylindrica extract on learning and memory ability, brain tissue morphology, and immune function of aging mice
- Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
- Blocking circ_UBR4 suppressed proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of human vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
- Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
- Downregulation of circ_0037655 impedes glioma formation and metastasis via the regulation of miR-1229-3p/ITGB8 axis
- Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
- Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
- Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
- lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) knockdown alleviates LPS-induced chondrocytes inflammatory injury via regulating miR-488-3p/sex determining region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) axis
- Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis
- Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury by mediating oxidative stress, DNA damage, JNK pathway, and apoptosis
- Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
- Gamma irradiation-mediated inactivation of enveloped viruses with conservation of genome integrity: Potential application for SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development
- ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer
- The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer
- Is there a relationship between the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and diabetic kidney disease?
- Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide
- T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology
- Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice
- Long noncoding RNA HULC contributes to paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer via miR-137/ITGB8 axis
- Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
- Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
- Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities
- Silencing of LINC00707 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by modulating miR-338-3p/AHSA1 axis
- Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation of patient with cardiogenic shock induced by phaeochromocytoma crisis mimicking hyperthyroidism: A case report
- Effects of miR-185-5p on replication of hepatitis C virus
- Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis
- Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis presenting as lymphatic malformation: A case report
- Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review
- Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
- Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
- Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
- Invasive ductal carcinoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as a collision breast tumor: A case report and literature review
- Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes
- CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
- WDR74 promotes proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
- Down-regulation of IGHG1 enhances Protoporphyrin IX accumulation and inhibits hemin biosynthesis in colorectal cancer by suppressing the MEK-FECH axis
- Curcumin suppresses the progression of gastric cancer by regulating circ_0056618/miR-194-5p axis
- Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway
- lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis
- A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer
- Isolation of microglia from retinas of chronic ocular hypertensive rats
- Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
- Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
- Aberrant expression of PI3K/AKT signaling is involved in apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
- Clinical significance of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in apoptosis inhibition of oral cancer
- circ_CHFR regulates ox-LDL-mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EndoMT by miR-15a-5p/EGFR axis in human brain microvessel endothelial cells
- Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway
- Carriage of HLA-DRB1*11 and 1*12 alleles and risk factors in patients with breast cancer in Burkina Faso
- Protective effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on intestinal mucosa of rats experiencing traumatic hemorrhagic shock
- Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway
- Endothelial cell-derived SSAO can increase MLC20 phosphorylation in VSMCs
- Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients
- miR-378a-3p regulates glioma cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin through IGF1R
- The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
- TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
- The influence of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation but not red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation as a potential index for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in mid-pregnancy women
- Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing alpha fetoprotein in the endometrium
- Superoxide dismutase and the sigma1 receptor as key elements of the antioxidant system in human gastrointestinal tract cancers
- Molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies of Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia multiceps coenurus cysts in slaughtered sheep in Saudi Arabia
- ITGB5 mutation discovered in a Chinese family with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome
- ACTB and GAPDH appear at multiple SDS-PAGE positions, thus not suitable as reference genes for determining protein loading in techniques like Western blotting
- Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
- Downregulation of PITX2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells and induces cell apoptosis
- Expression of CDK9 in endometrial cancer tissues and its effect on the proliferation of HEC-1B
- Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells
- Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
- miR-25-3p protects renal tubular epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
- Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review
- Agriculture
- Effects of inorganic and organic selenium sources on the growth performance of broilers in China: A meta-analysis
- Crop-livestock integration practices, knowledge, and attitudes among smallholder farmers: Hedging against climate change-induced shocks in semi-arid Zimbabwe
- Food Science and Nutrition
- Effect of food processing on the antioxidant activity of flavones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
- Vitamin D and iodine status was associated with the risk and complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
- Diversity of microbiota in Slovak summer ewes’ cheese “Bryndza”
- Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
- Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
- Application of culture, PCR, and PacBio sequencing for determination of microbial composition of milk from subclinical mastitis dairy cows of smallholder farms
- Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA
- From bench to bar side: Evaluating the red wine storage lesion
- Establishment of an iodine model for prevention of iodine-excess-induced thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women
- Plant Sciences
- Characterization of GMPP from Dendrobium huoshanense yielding GDP-D-mannose
- Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
- Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR
- Investigation of bioactivities of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus × media by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Morphological structures and histochemistry of roots and shoots in Myricaria laxiflora (Tamaricaceae)
- Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
- In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
- Comparative study on growth traits and ions regulation of zoysiagrasses under varied salinity treatments
- Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
- Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
- In silico/computational analysis of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase gene families in Campanulids
- Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
- How photoautotrophy, photomixotrophy, and ventilation affect the stomata and fluorescence emission of pistachios rootstock?
- Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention
- Ecology and Environmental Sciences
- The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
- Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus
- Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to seasonal and habitat condition in the Wewe River, Ashanti region (Ghana)
- Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam
- Twig biomass allocation of Betula platyphylla in different habitats in Wudalianchi Volcano, northeast China
- Animal Sciences
- Supplementation of probiotics in water beneficial growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens
- Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
- Honey in wound healing: An updated review
- NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block
- Radiotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in sheep
- Retraction
- Retraction of “Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway”
- Special Issue on Reuse of Agro-Industrial By-Products
- An effect of positional isomerism of benzoic acid derivatives on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
- Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part II
- Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD
- Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits
- Establishment of the New Zealand white rabbit animal model of fatty keratopathy associated with corneal neovascularization
- lncRNA MALAT1/miR-143 axis is a potential biomarker for in-stent restenosis and is involved in the multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells
