Startseite In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
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In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids

  • Janetta Niemann , Justyna Szwarc EMAIL logo , Jan Bocianowski , Dorota Weigt und Marek Mrówczyński
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. September 2020
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Open Life Sciences
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 15 Heft 1

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.

Keywords: Brassica napus; rapeseed; pest resistance; hybrids; cabbage root fly; cabbage aphid

1 Introduction

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg.) is one of the three most important sources of vegetable oil in the world. The European Union (EU) was the world leader in rapeseed production in 2017 (22 million tons), followed by Canada (21 million tons), China (13 million tons), India (7.9 million tons), Australia (4.3 million tons), and Ukraine (2.1 million tons) [1]. The greatest producers of rapeseed in the EU are France, Germany, Poland, Romania, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Denmark, and Slovakia, respectively [2,3]. Protection from pests is an essential part of breeding programmes – for example, yield losses caused by pests in Poland can range from 15 to 50% [4]. Moreover, a significant increase in the threat from pests is expected, related both to climatic changes and to agrotechnical simplifications [5,6].

Rapeseed plants in Poland are attacked by a wide range of pests. Among them, two economically important insects can be distinguished – cabbage root fly (Delia radicum L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). The cabbage aphid is one of the most important and commonly occurring insect pests of rapeseed worldwide [7]. Brevicoryne brassicae causes significant yield losses in many crops in the family Brassicaceae, including mustards and crucifers. Heavy infestation can result in severe plant damage, causing death of seedlings and young transplants. Symptoms in larger plants include curling and yellowing of leaves, stunting of plants, and deformation of developing heads [8,9].

The cabbage root fly is one of the most important pests of many Brassica crops in the temperate regions of Europe and North America. After overwintering as pupae and hatching in early spring, females lay eggs in close proximity to the host plant. Depending on the temperature, eggs hatch in about 4 days [8]. The number of generations varies each year from one to four, depending on climatic conditions [10]. Larvae of D. radicum can damage plants by feeding on root tissue, resulting in wilting of leaves or the entire plant and eventually reducing the yield and quality of the crop. Moreover, roots attacked by D. radicum are more susceptible to secondary root pathogens, such as Fusarium spp. [10,11].

To date, three resistance mechanisms have been recognized in the interaction of Delia–Brassica and Brevicoryne–Brassica: antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance [12]. Antixenosis (non-preference, avoidance) denotes morphological or chemical plant traits that make it unattractive for insects. For example, variation in cabbage leaf colour makes it less attractive to B. brassicae [13]. Antibiosis resistance is based on adverse effects of the plant after feeding [14]. Antibiosis does not prevent infestation, but rather causes increased mortality or delayed development of insects. Tolerance means the ability of a plant to reduce inflicted damage. A tolerant host is able to grow and reproduce despite the presence of a high number of insects [12,13]. In contrast to antixenosis and antibiosis, tolerance is independent of the herbivore response but is an adaptive mechanism helping plants to grow normally under biotic stress [15].

For most growers, the use of pesticides is an essential form of protection against harmful organisms [16]. However, there has been an increasing emphasis on the use of environmentally friendly methods of pest control. For example, in 2013, the EU restricted the use of certain neonicotinoids, and in 2018, banned three main neonicotinoids (Commission Implementing Regulation [EU] 2018/783, 2018/784, 2018/785). Moreover, Integrated Pest Management, which focuses on reducing the use of pesticides, has become compulsory for all farmers in the EU since 2014 (Directive 2009/128/EC). Therefore, breeding cultivars with resistance to insect pests fits perfectly into the currently applicable requirements and modern environmentally friendly trends [17,18]. The natural genetic variation among the wild relatives of crop species can provide good sources of novel host plant resistance [19].

Wild and related species of the Brassicaceae family are proved to be a valuable source of desirable agronomic traits. For example, Sinapis alba has been shown to be tolerant to crucifer flea beetle [20]; B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. nigra can be used to transfer blackleg resistance genes [21]; and B. rapa, B. carinata, and S. alba may act as a source of pod shattering resistance [22]. The assessment of the level of resistance within various Brassicaceae wild species or Brassicaceae hybrids may help identify genotypes with desired traits, which then can be included into rapeseed breeding programmes.

The aim of this research was to determine the range of pest resistance levels among selected rapeseed cultivars and new Brassica hybrid combinations obtained from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). This study has been conducted to identify the sources of resistance not only in rapeseed cultivars but also in other brassicaceous species. Consequently, this strategy will allow the assessment of the genetic resistance of interspecific Brassica hybrids in comparison with the parental forms in the future.

To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies in which in-field comparison of resistance has been made among rapeseed cultivars and interspecific hybrids towards economically important insect pests.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Experimental design

The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019) on the testing fields in PULS experimental station Dłoń (51°41′23″N, 17°04′10″E) located 100 km south from Poznań, Poland. The whole experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design with five replications (on the basis of six plants) in each year (N = 90), and each single plot size was 10 m2 with a 0.30 row distance and a sowing density of 60 seeds/m2. The field experiment in Dłoń was conducted on typical heavy soil of quality class III [23]. Agricultural practices were optimal for local agroecological conditions in Dłoń. Plots were harvested using a plot harvester. In crop seasons 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019, the weather conditions were normal for Poland. The seasonal rainfall in Dłoń was 667 mm in 2017, 372 mm in 2018, and 393 mm in 2019, whereas the mean annual temperatures in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 9.6, 10.8, and 11.1°C, respectively.

2.2 Plant material

Seeds of 53 rapeseed cultivars and 31 hybrid combinations were used as the research material (Table 1). All Brassica interspecific hybrids were generated in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of PULS with the application of in vitro culture of isolated embryos according to the method described by Niemann et al. [24]. In order to obtain interspecific hybrids with genetic pest resistance, paternal forms harbouring high level of resistance to B. brassicae and D. radicum were selected according to the literature data.

Table 1

List of Brassicaceae hybrids and B. napus cultivars used as the research material

No. of lineCross-combinationNo. of lineCross-combination
H1B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007569H17B. napus cv. Lisek × B. carinata Dodola
H2B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007574H18B. napus cv. Californium × B. fruticulosa – PI649097
H3B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata PI 649091H19B. napus cv. Lisek × B. fruticulosa – PI649097
H4B. napus cv. Górczański × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08.007574H20B. napus cv. Lisek × B. fruticulosa – PI649099
H5B. napus cv. Górczański × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08.007569H21B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649094
H6B. napus cv. Górczański × B. rapa ssp. ChinensisH22B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096
H7B. napus cv. Lisek × S. alba cv. BamberkaH23B. napus cv. Californium × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007574-1
H8B. napus cv. Lisek × B. tournefortiiH24B. napus cv. Californium × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007574-2
H9B. napus cv. Lisek × B. rapa Pak Choi 08, 007574H25B. napus cv. Californium × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007574-3
H10B. napus cv. Lisek × B. rapa Pak Choi 08, 007569H26B. napus cv. Californium × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 007574-4
H11B. napus cv. Górczański × B. rapa Pak Choi 08, 007574H27B. napus cv. Zhongshuang9 × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 006169
H12B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. oleracea var. alboglabraH28B. napus MS8 line × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 006169-1
H13B. napus cv. Californium × B. oleracea var. alboglabraH29B. napus MS8 line × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 006169-2
H14B. napus cv. Lisek × B. oleracea var. alboglabraH30B. napus MS8 line × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis 08 006169-3
H15B. napus cv. Californium × S. alba cv. BamberkaH31B. napus cv. Zhongshuang9 × B. rapa ssp. chinensis 08 007574
H16B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × S. alba cv. Bamberka
No. of lineCultivar nameNo. of lineCultivar name
C1AmirC28PX111CL
C2InspiratiC29Anderson
C3BufaloC30Andromeda
C4AtoraC31Arsenal
C5DolarC32Hybrirock
C6FairC33Graf
C7FantastikC34Hary
C8Jet NeufC35Mickey
C9JupiterC36150/47
C10KanaC37Prince
C11AzurioC38Sofia
C12MemorisC39Santana
C13LindoraC40Rubin
C14150/38C41Monolit
C15150/46C42Metys
C16WalegroC43Chrobry
C17MaritaC44150/42
C18150/40C45Kabriolet
C19150/44C46Falcon
C20RazmusC47Diger
C21WaleryC48Corina
C22AruzeC49Kontakt
C23BazylC50Ceres
C24BellindaC51Galileus
C25CaliforniumC52Markolo
C26DarmorC53Hewelius
C27PR48W26

All interspecific cross-derived lines were sister-pollinated (five plants were enclosed in one paper bag during flowering) for four generations in order to stabilize the fertility [25]. Morphotypes of plants of the F5–F7 generations were compared with the parental lines, as described by Wojciechowski [26]. Analysis of selected morphological traits was performed in order to determine whether the obtained plants resembled the B. napus type or the paternal type. The examination was based on (a) leaf colour, (b) presence of trichomes on the lower side of the leaf blade, (c) position of the buds relative to the open flowers, (d) growth habit, (e) type of inflorescence, and (f) flower characteristics (sterile or fertile).

2.3 Assessment of pest resistance

The assessment of pest resistance was carried out for two insects (Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae) and consisted of plant damage evaluation. General damage by insects was assessed at the end of the season, in late October 2017, 2018, or in early November 2019 in Dłoń. All assessments, i.e., direct damage on roots for D. radicum and on leaves for B. brassicae, were performed according to the EPPO standards [27] on randomly chosen individuals. For every genotype, six plants were assessed. The severity of insect damage on plants was evaluated at physiological maturity on a 1 to 9 scoring scale, used commonly by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Poland, which corresponds with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants [28] system of assessment. According to this scale, score 9 means no visible damage on plants (highly resistant), and score 1 means a completely damaged plant (fully susceptible) (Table 2). No pesticides were used on the plots. The average values from six plants were calculated for each replication. In this way, we obtained quantitative trait data with normal distributions.

Table 2

Insect pest damage rating scale. Visual symptoms observed on roots (Delia radicum) or on leaves (Brevicoryne brassicae)

ScaleVisual symptomsPlant response
1Lesions profuse on 100% of the roots and leaf surfaceSusceptible
2Lesions present on up to 90% of the roots and leaf surfaceSusceptible to moderately susceptible
3Lesions present on up to 70–75% of the roots and leaf surfaceModerately susceptible
4Lesions visible on up to 50% of the roots and leaf surfaceModerately susceptible to moderately resistant
5Lesions visible on up to 25% of the roots and leaf surface, little damageModerately resistant
6Lesions visible on less than 15–20% of the roots and leaf surfaceModerately resistant to resistant
7Lesions visible on less than 10% of the roots and leaf surfaceResistant
8Lesions visible on less than 5% of the roots and leaf surfaceResistant to highly resistant
9No insect damage visible on any analysed part of the plantHighly resistant

2.4 Statistical analysis

The normality of the distributions of the studied traits (resistance to B. brassicae and resistance to D. radicum) was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test [29]. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with blocks were carried out to determine the effects of year, genotype (cultivars and hybrids, independently), and year × genotype interaction on the variability of resistance to B. brassicae and resistance to D. radicum. The mean values and standard deviations of the observed traits were calculated for each genotype in all years of study. Fisher’s least significant differences (LSDs) were estimated for individual traits, and on this basis, homogeneous groups were determined. Differences between cultivars and hybrids were tested on the basis of a t-test, independently for resistance to B. brassicae and resistance to D. radicum. We used the critical significance level equal to 0.05, resulting from a Bonferroni correction. All the analyses were conducted using the GenStat v. 18 statistical software package (VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK).

3 Results

3.1 Morphology of hybrid plants

The individual interspecific and intergeneric hybrid combinations of F5–F7 generations had reasonably uniform morphological characteristics. Moreover, plants of all tested lines were very consistent in growth habit. Hybrid plants obtained from crosses between B. napus × B. rapa genotypes were similar to rapeseed. However, in a small number of cases, some morphological features were similar to those of turnip rape, e.g., lighter leaf colour, trichomes on the lower side of the leaf blade, and turnip rape-like inflorescence. No significant new characteristics, absent in either parent, were reported in the hybrids. All other hybrid plants resembled more paternal morphotypes. Consequently, plants obtained from crosses between B. napus × B. carinata, B. juncea, and S. alba genotypes had young leaf surfaces with high trichome density.

3.2 Assessment of pest resistance

The results of the ANOVA indicated that the effects of cultivar, hybrid, and year were significant for both tested traits (resistance to B. brassicae and D. radicum). The year × genotype interactions were highly significant for both observed traits for cultivars and hybrids (Table 3).

Table 3

Mean squares (m.s.) from two-way analysis of variance for Brevicoryne brassicae and Delia radicum (hybrid and cultivar resistance) (N = 90)

Source of variationBrevicoryne brassicaeDelia radicum
d.f.m.s.p-Valued.f.m.s.p-Value
Hybrids
Block40.7341.27
Hybrid302.7592<0.0013020.438<0.001
Year2241.1076<0.001218.8840.022
Hybrid × year573.3161<0.0015712.488<0.001
Residual4250.53284274.875
Cultivars
Block40.9141.32
Cultivar525.9015<0.0015230.982<0.001
Year21074.9311<0.0012290.038<0.001
Cultivar × year1047.7494<0.00110423.986<0.001
Residual8970.48316324.339

d.f.  – the number of degrees of freedom.

The mean values of resistance to insect pests for the analysed hybrids and cultivars in the years studied successively, i.e., 2017, 2018, and 2019, are presented in Table 4. In general, the resistance to both pests varied among years. The highest mean level of resistance to B. brassicae was observed for cultivars in 2017 (8.991), whereas the lowest in 2018 was also for cultivars (5.513). For D. radicum, the highest mean resistance was noticed in 2019 for hybrids (7.153). In contrast, the lowest mean resistance was observed for cultivars in 2017 (4.136).

Table 4

Mean resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae and resistance to Delia radicum (and standard deviations) of all investigated Brassica napus cultivars and hybrid lines over three years

201720182019
HybridsCultivarsHybridsCultivarsHybridsCultivars
Resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae
Number of observations30953093265117265
Mean8.8038.9916.285.5137.6927.57
Standard deviation0.54940.09681.9132.3260.68810.6599
t-Statistic−5.963.131.65
p-Value<0.0010.0020.1
Resistance to Delia radicum
Number of observations31026593265118265
Mean6.6974.1366.5815.8047.1535.362
Standard deviation2.6172.5683.0763.0341.5562.537
t-Statistic11.82.128.46
p-Value<0.0010.035<0.001

The obtained data showed that the level of pest resistance varied between cultivars and hybrids. Compared to the analysed cultivars, the mean resistance of hybrid plants was higher in all tested years for D. radicum. For B. brassicae, the mean resistance of hybrids was higher only in 2018. The difference in resistance to B. brassicae among cultivars and hybrids in 2019 was not statistically significant (Table 5).

Table 5

Mean values and standard deviations (s.d.) for hybrid resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae and resistance to Delia radicum (N = 90)

HybridResistance to Brevicoryne brassicae (9° scale)Resistance to Delia radicum (9° scale)
201720182019201720182019
Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.
H18.8abc0.426.333bcdef0.586.667c2.316.9bcde2.568.333ab0.583.667i3.79
H29a0.006.333bcdef1.157.8ab0.456.5bcdef3.387.333abc2.898abc1.23
H38.8abc0.427abcd0.007.333bc0.587.6abc1.586abc4.367.333abcd1.16
H48.889ab0.333i1.736.667c1.537.3abc2.416abc3.467.667abc0.58
H59a0.005.333cdefgh1.537.4abc1.347.2abcd2.787abc1.736.6cdef2.07
H69a0.003.333hi2.317.8ab0.457.4abc2.803.667cd3.797.4abcd0.55
H78.8abc0.423.667ghi2.897.333bc0.585.8cdef3.084bcd4.367abcde1.00
H88.5bcd0.716bcdef1.738ab0.006.1cdef2.646abc2.658.4a0.55
H98.7abcd0.485defghi1.007.667ab0.586.6bcdef2.274bcd1.736defg2.00
H108.5bcd0.857.333abc0.587.8ab0.456.5bcdef2.559a0.006.8bcdef1.64
H118.7abcd0.487abcd0.008ab0.003.5gh2.929a0.007.8abc0.84
H129a0.004.333fghi2.528ab0.006.6bcdef3.375.667abc4.048.333ab0.58
H138.9ab0.327.333abc0.588ab0.004.9efg1.855.333abcd3.798.2ab0.45
H148.8abc0.637.667ab0.587.25bc0.966.9bcde2.856.667abc3.227.5abcd1.00
H158.6abcd0.704.333fghi3.067.8ab0.457.3abc1.421d0.007.6abc0.55
H169a0.006.667bcde0.587.333bc0.586.8bcde3.555.667abc4.045ghi1.73
H178.9ab0.326.333bcdef2.088.2a0.457.1abcd2.186.667abc3.227.8abc0.84
H188.7abcd0.957abcd0.008ab0.006.3cdef1.575.667abc4.047.4abcd0.89
H198.4cd0.705.333cdefgh0.587.6ab0.552.3h1.576abc4.367.2abcde1.30
H208.9ab0.325.667bcdefg1.157.6ab0.558.4ab0.845.667abc4.047.8abc0.84
H219a0.006bcdef1.008ab0.007.4abc2.176abc4.366.8bcdef1.30
H229a0.007.333abc1.158ab0.007.8abc2.048.333ab0.587.8abc0.45
H237.9e1.204.667efghi2.087.5abc0.584.6fg1.715.667abc4.047.5abcd0.58
H248.3de1.167.667ab0.588ab0.005.2defg1.328.333ab0.585.333fgh1.53
H258.8abc0.636.333bcdef1.158ab0.006.3cdef2.163.667cd2.897.8abc0.45
H269a0.007.667ab0.587.333bc0.587.7abc2.589a0.005.667efg1.53
H279a0.006.667bcde0.587.667ab0.587.5abc2.598.333ab1.164hi2.65
H289a0.009a0.00––9a0.009a0.00––
H299a0.009a0.00––9a0.009a0.00––
H309a0.009a0.00––9a0.009a0.00––
H319a0.006.333bcdef1.157.4abc0.896.1cdef1.919a0.007.4abcd0.89
LSD0.050.452.2330.8412.014.6441.592

Values with different letters in columns are significantly different.

More detailed results are presented in Tables 5 and 6. The conducted analyses showed significant differences between the tested plants. Moreover, the collected data allowed us to distinguish a group of genotypes with the highest resistance to pests (belonging to group a) in tested years for both hybrids and cultivars. Within those plants, we found individuals that belonged to statistically the best group for all three successive years (Table 7). Four hybrids (e.g., B. napus cv. Górczański × B. rapa Pak Choi 08, 007574) and 27 cultivars (e.g., Inspirati) maintained the high level of resistance to B. brassicae during the tested years. However, only five hybrids (e.g., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata PI 649091) and two rapeseed cultivars (Galileus and Markolo) maintained the high level of resistance to D. radicum. Among the tested plant genotypes, only one hybrid and two cultivars remained resistant for both pests in three years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo.

Table 6

Mean values and standard deviations (s.d.) for cultivar resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae and resistance to Delia radicum (N = 90)

CultivarResistance to Brevicoryne brassicae (9° scale)Resistance to Delia radicum (9° scale)
201720182019201720182019
Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.Means.d.
C19a0.004.6ghi2.198a0.006.2bcde1.646.6abcdefg1.677abcdef1.00
C29a0.006.8abcd0.847.4abcd0.893.4ijklmno2.885.8abcdefghijk2.957.4abcd0.89
C39a0.006.2abcdefg1.108a0.007b1.233.4hijklmn3.367.6abc0.55
C49a0.006.8abcd1.107.8ab0.454ghijklmn2.125.8abcdefghijk2.957.2abcde0.84
C59a0.005.4cdefg1.147.4abcd0.555.2cdefgh2.494.6defghijklm3.291.2n0.45
C68.9a0.327.2ab0.457.6abc0.555defghi2.455.2cdefghijkl3.833jklmn1.87
C79a0.006.2abcdefg0.457.6abc0.555.6bcdefg0.556abcdefghij2.926.4abcdefg2.51
C89a0.007.6a0.557.6abc0.553.4ijklmno1.958.2abc0.455.4bcdefghij2.70
C99a0.006.6abcde0.557.6abc0.554.8defghij1.308abc0.713.6hijklmn3.13
C109a0.007.6a0.557cde0.002.2opqr0.847abcdef3.391.6n0.55
C119a0.005.2defgh0.456.6de1.522opqr2.243jklmn3.083.2ijklmn2.17
C129a0.007abc0.717.6abc0.551.2qr0.457abcdef2.247.4abcd0.55
C139a0.007.2ab0.847.8ab0.453klmnop2.357.2abcde3.495.8abcdefgh2.39
C148.9a0.325.2defgh0.457.8ab0.454.6efghijk2.303jklmn2.356.2abcdefg1.64
C159a0.005.2defgh1.307.4abcd0.891.4pqr0.555.8abcdefghijk3.116.2abcdefg1.64
C168.9a0.327.4ab0.897.6abc0.553.2jklmno2.178.4ab0.555defghijkl3.00
C178.9a0.327abc1.007cde0.002.4nopqr1.345.2cdefghijkl3.033.6hijklmn3.21
C189a0.007abc1.227.8ab0.451r0.008.6ab0.555.6bcdefghi2.79
C199a0.004.8fghi1.107.6abc0.554.6efghijk3.516.2abcdefghi3.032.2mn2.17
C209a0.002.4jkl1.526.8de1.104.4fghijkl2.885.8abcdefghijk2.782.6lmn1.95
C219a0.002.4jkl1.527.6abc0.554.2fghijklm1.922.8klmn2.055.4bcdefghij2.88
C228.9a0.322jkl1.228a0.003.6hijklmno2.307.6abcd0.556.4abcdefg0.89
C239a0.003.2ijk2.687.8ab0.454.6efghijk2.077.4abcde1.526.6abcdefg2.61
C249a0.002.8jk1.107.4abcd0.551.4pqr0.557.8abc0.452.8klmn2.39
C259a0.002.8jk2.058a0.005.4bcdefg0.554fghijklmn3.003.6hijklmn2.30
C269a0.001l0.006.6e1.522.8lmnopq2.171.2n0.454.8efghijkl1.92
C279a0.001.8kl1.306.6e1.523.2jklmno1.922.2lmn1.792.2mn1.10
C289a0.001l0.007.2bcde0.454.4fghijkl1.952mn1.006.2abcdefg1.64
C299a0.002.8jk2.057.6abc0.552.4nopqr1.528abc0.002.6lmn1.34
C309a0.003.6hij3.587.6abc0.554ghijklmn2.744fghijklmn3.747.2abcde0.84
C319a0.006.4abcdef0.897.6abc0.553klmnop2.746.8abcdefg2.681.2n0.45
C329a0.002.8jk1.307.2bcde0.453.6hijklmno1.673.8ghijklmn3.426.4abcdefg1.14
C339a0.006.6abcde1.677.8ab0.455.6bcdefg1.142.4lmn2.617abcdef1.23
C349a0.007.8a0.457.6abc0.553.6hijklmno2.078.6ab0.557.6abc0.89
C359a0.007.4ab0.557.4abcd0.892.6mnopqr2.078.4ab0.555.2cdefghijk0.84
C369a0.007.2ab0.847.4abcd0.554.6efghijk3.294.6defghijklm3.515.6bcdefghi2.07
C379a0.007.6a0.557.2bcde0.451.4pqr0.558.6ab0.554.4ghijklm1.95
C389a0.005.8bcdefg0.457.6abc0.557b1.003.2ijklmn2.955.6bcdefghi3.29
C399a0.006.8abcd0.457.4abcd0.553.2jklmno1.928abc0.717.4abcd0.55
C409a0.003.6hij2.077.4abcd0.891.4pqr0.555.2cdefghijkl2.396abcdefgh1.00
C419a0.007abc0.007.8ab0.452.2opqr1.307.8abc1.648.2a0.45
C429a0.005.2defgh0.458a0.004.4fghijkl1.671n0.004.8efghijkl2.59
C439a0.007.4ab0.557.6abc0.554ghijklmn2.557.8abc0.456abcdefgh2.24
C449a0.006.4abcdef1.148a0.002.2opqr1.303.8ghijklmn3.036.6abcdefg2.61
C459a0.002.6jkl2.517.8ab0.455.4bcdefg2.415.6bcdefghijk3.446.6abcdefg1.67
C469a0.005efgh2.008a0.003.6hijklmno2.307abcdef2.836.4abcdefg2.51
C479a0.007.2ab1.108a0.004.8defghij2.596.2abcdefghi2.684.8efghijkl2.28
C489a0.006.2abcdefg1.797.8ab0.456.4bcd0.894.4efghijklm3.296abcdefgh1.41
C499a0.007.6a0.558a0.005.8bcdef1.108.8a0.455.2cdefghijk2.68
C509a0.006.4abcdef0.897.6abc0.556.8bc1.306.4abcdefgh2.077.8ab0.45
C519a0.007.2ab0.458a0.009a0.007.8abc0.847abcdef1.87
C529a0.007.4ab1.527.6abc0.559a0.006.6abcdefg2.617.8ab0.84
C539a0.007.8a0.848a0.009a0.007abcdef3.394.6fghijklm2.51
LSD0.050.0851.610.761.6532.4

Values with different letters in columns are significantly different.

Table 7

List of genotypes with high resistance to pests in three successive years

Brevicoryne brassicae
HybridsH11*, H13, H18, H22
CultivarsC2, C3, C4, C6, C7, C8, C9, C12, C13, C16, C18, C31, C33, C34, C35, C36, C39, C41, C43, C44, C47, C48, C49, C50, C51, C52, C53
Delia radicum
HybridsH3, H4, H17, H20, H22
CultivarsC51, C52

Genotypes resistant to both pests are highlighted in bold font.

  1. *

    Numbers according to Table 1.

4 Discussion

As stated before, in recent years, the use of insecticides became partly limited – some chemicals have been withdrawn due to their harmful effects on the environment. It causes many problems for farmers, as the range of effective insecticides is getting narrowed. Moreover, the use of chemicals may not always be successful as insects can develop resistance. For both insects, i.e., D. radicum and B. brassicae, cases of resistance to certain pesticides have been reported [30,31,32]. Considering this, host plant resistance might be the future of pest management, as it is one of the most economically feasible and ecologically sustainable options [33]. Several strategies to obtain insect-resistant rapeseed have been already presented [34]. This study has successfully followed two of them: finding the source of resistance within Brassicaceae species and selecting the insect-resistant rapeseed cultivars among cultivars that have been already registered.

Previous studies showed that wild species of Brassicaceae can be a useful source of resistance to B. brassicae and D. radicum. For example, B. fruticulosa and B. spinescens have a very high level of resistance to both pests and may be used as research material to find respective Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) or as part of a breeding programme [35,36]. Moreover, Dosdall et al. [37] screened many genotypes within Brassicaceae and successfully produced S. alba × B. napus hybrids that inherited resistance to Delia spp. from S. alba.

However, according to the literature data, much uncertainty still exists about insect feeding preferences and sources of plant resistance to pests [38]. Despite this, there is a considerable amount of literature comparing the life history traits of adults and larvae of pollen beetles among species of Brassicaceae [39,40,41]. For example, S. alba may act as a donor of resistance, which can be successfully introgressed into rapeseed. Moreover, S. alba genotypes show resistance to a few other pests of rapeseed: root flies Delia spp. [37,42], flea beetle P. cruciferae [43,44], and bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata [45]. However, based on the in-field screening performed in this study, it is not possible to confirm that the obtained B. napus × S. alba hybrid combinations were able to maintain higher level of resistance to D. radicum or B. brassicae during the three consecutive years of study. Furthermore, review of the literature supports resistance to pollen beetles also in Eruca sativa [40] and in C. abyssinica [46].

Breeding programmes depending on resistant materials are presently also being applied against Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Previous experience in other countries has shown that among the tested Brassicaceae species, the white mustard S. alba was much less susceptible than rapeseed to C. obstrictus damage [47].

These studies confirm our assumption that some of the interspecific or intergeneric hybrids can be successfully used as part of future breeding strategies.

Generally, rapeseed cultivars are not considered a very promising source of resistance to pests, as screenings for resistance within existing varieties rarely bring expected results [38,48,49]. Despite this, we managed to find genotypes within B. napus (Galileus and Marcolo), which are moderately or highly resistant to both B. brassicae and D. radicum. Our observations have shown that in the future more assessments should be performed to verify a greater number of cultivars.

Our research has proven the existence of insect-resistant genotypes among rapeseed cultivars and Brassicaceae hybrids. A few genotypes were able to maintain the high level of resistance in the three consecutive years of field experiments, which seems to be very useful in future insect resistance breeding. Observed differences in the infestation level allow us to conclude that the plant response might be conditioned by genotype, which may give a chance to identify resistance genes. Future work should focus on laboratory studies, to determine the genetic basis of resistance, as it may depend on three systems: antixenosis, antibiosis, or tolerance [35]. Moreover, research conducted by Hao et al. [50] showed that aphids have preferential behaviour regarding the host plant. Upper epidermis thickness and trichome length had significant impact on aphids’ preference on initial probing, which leads to a conclusion that physical properties of rapeseed leaves may be important for B. brassicae host choice.

The level of plant damage varied over the years of observation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results of the field trials might have been partly dependent on the weather or other abiotic and biotic stresses [34]. Population dynamics of insects may be affected by parameters such as temperature, humidity, and total rainfall [51,52]. Many factors affect the plant response to insects, which makes it harder to find individuals with true genetically induced resistance to insects.

Currently, insect resistance research is focused on quantitative resistance, as it might provide a more durable effect than pyramiding single resistance genes [34]. Variability of insect-derived damage observed in our study proves the complexity of plant response to pests. This might indicate that the resistance of tested genotypes relies on multiple genes located in QTLs. This type of resistance is usually harder to track, because of its complexity and dependence on environmental factors [53]. This makes quantitative traits difficult to include in breeding programmes. However, a study by Ekuere et al. [54] proves that it is possible to track QTLs conferring resistance to Delia spp. by using linkage analysis. Successful introduction of multigenic resistance to insects in Brassica crops would be a great strategy in pest management.

In conclusion, we found several sources of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae among the rapeseed cultivars, i.e., Galileus and Marcolo, and interspecific Brassicaceae hybrids, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096. Some of the genotypes showed high level of resistance over the three successive years of field trials. These genotypes are especially valuable and should be diligently analysed.

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, project number 54.

  1. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  2. Data availability statement: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Received: 2020-05-29
Revised: 2020-07-06
Accepted: 2020-07-06
Published Online: 2020-09-22

© 2020 Janetta Niemann et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  55. Circ_001569 regulates FLOT2 expression to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells through sponging miR-185-5p
  56. Lnc-PICSAR contributes to cisplatin resistance by miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  57. BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
  58. MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process
  59. Inhibition of lncRNA LINC00461/miR-216a/aquaporin 4 pathway suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma
  60. Upregulation of miR-150-5p alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting Notch1
  61. Long non-coding RNA LINC00704 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma via miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis
  62. Neuroanatomy of melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in the mouse brain
  63. Lipopolysaccharides promote pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through the aggravation of apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar macrophages
  64. Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro
  65. MiR-4328 inhibits proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts by targeting BCL2 expression
  66. Aberrant expression of microRNA-132-3p and microRNA-146a-5p in Parkinson’s disease patients
  67. Long non-coding RNA SNHG3 accelerates progression in glioma by modulating miR-384/HDGF axis
  68. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 mediates MPTP/MPP+-induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-124/KLF4 axis in Parkinson’s disease
  69. PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model
  70. CircHIPK3/miR-381-3p axis modulates proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of lung cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  71. Reversine and herbal Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway
  72. Therapeutic effects of coronary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on rats with chronic ischemic heart disease
  73. The effects of yam gruel on lowering fasted blood glucose in T2DM rats
  74. Circ_0084043 promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis but blocks cell apoptosis in melanoma via circ_0084043-miR-31-KLF3 axis
  75. CircSAMD4A contributes to cell doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-218-5p/KLF8 axis
  76. Relationship of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men
  77. The prognostic and predictive value of platelet parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
  78. LncRNA SNHG15 contributes to doxorubicin resistance of osteosarcoma cells through targeting the miR-381-3p/GFRA1 axis
  79. miR-339-3p regulated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein through targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 in AR42J cells
  80. LncRNA RP1-85F18.6 affects osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle
  81. MiR-203-3p inhibits the oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis of mice podocytes induced by high glucose through regulating Sema3A expression
  82. MiR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HG-induced HK-2 cells
  83. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis
  84. Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
  85. Long noncoding RNA FTX ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR-150/KLF13 axis
  86. Ropivacaine inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating the SNHG16/miR-424-5p axis
  87. CD11b is involved in coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice by inducing Th17 cells
  88. Decitabine shows anti-acute myeloid leukemia potential via regulating the miR-212-5p/CCNT2 axis
  89. Testosterone aggravates cerebral vascular injury by reducing plasma HDL levels
  90. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  91. PL/Vancomycin/Nano-hydroxyapatite Sustained-release Material to Treat Infectious Bone Defect
  92. The thickness of surface grafting layer on bio-materials directly mediates the immuno-reacitivity of macrophages in vitro
  93. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications
  94. Food Science
  95. Bread making potential of Triticum aestivum and Triticum spelta species
  96. Modeling the effect of heat treatment on fatty acid composition in home-made olive oil preparations
  97. Effect of addition of dried potato pulp on selected quality characteristics of shortcrust pastry cookies
  98. Preparation of konjac oligoglucomannans with different molecular weights and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities
  99. Animal Sciences
  100. Changes in the fecal microbiome of the Yangtze finless porpoise during a short-term therapeutic treatment
  101. Agriculture
  102. Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability
  103. Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
  104. In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
  105. Studying of the promotion mechanism of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat seed germination based on β-amylase
  106. Rapid visual detection of FecB gene expression in sheep
  107. Effects of Bacillus megaterium on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in suckling calves
  108. Effects of center pivot sprinkler fertigation on the yield of continuously cropped soybean
  109. Special Issue On New Approach To Obtain Bioactive Compounds And New Metabolites From Agro-Industrial By-Products
  110. Technological and antioxidant properties of proteins obtained from waste potato juice
  111. The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry
  112. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part I
  113. Automatic detection and segmentation of adenomatous colorectal polyps during colonoscopy using Mask R-CNN
  114. The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source
  115. Errata
  116. Erratum to “Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis”
  117. Erratum to “MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process”
  118. Erratum to “Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0074
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Brassica napus; rapeseed; pest resistance; hybrids; cabbage root fly; cabbage aphid
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Plant Sciences
  2. Dependence of the heterosis effect on genetic distance, determined using various molecular markers
  3. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Regulated Phyto and Microbial Beneficial Protein Interactions
  4. Role of strigolactones: Signalling and crosstalk with other phytohormones
  5. An efficient protocol for regenerating shoots from paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaf explants
  6. Functional divergence and adaptive selection of KNOX gene family in plants
  7. In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum
  8. In vitro induction and characterisation of tetraploid drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
  9. CRISPR/Cas9 or prime editing? – It depends on…
  10. Study on the optimal antagonistic effect of a bacterial complex against Monilinia fructicola in peach
  11. Natural variation in stress response induced by low CO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
  12. The complete mitogenome sequence of the coral lily (Lilium pumilum) and the Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii) in China
  13. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  14. Use of phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities in the assessment of calcium peroxide and citric acid effects in soil contaminated with petrol
  15. Analysis of ethanol dehydration using membrane separation processes
  16. Activity of Vip3Aa1 against Periplaneta americana
  17. Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
  18. Spatiotemporal dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate assemblages in the riparian zone of the Wewe river, Ashanti region, Ghana
  19. Antifungal activity of selected volatile essential oils against Penicillium sp.
  20. Toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids on two terrestrial plants
  21. Biosurfactant production by a Bacillus megaterium strain
  22. Distribution and density of Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 relate to sediment while reproduction shows multiple peaks per year in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, Vietnam
  23. Biomedical Sciences
  24. Treatment of Epilepsy Associated with Common Chromosomal Developmental Diseases
  25. A Mouse Model for Studying Stem Cell Effects on Regeneration of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheaths
  26. Morphine modulates hippocampal neurogenesis and contextual memory extinction via miR-34c/Notch1 pathway in male ICR mice
  27. Composition, Anticholinesterase and Antipedicular Activities of Satureja capitata L. Volatile Oil
  28. Weight loss may be unrelated to dietary intake in the imiquimod-induced plaque psoriasis mice model
  29. Construction of recombinant lentiviral vector containing human stem cell leukemia gene and its expression in interstitial cells of cajal
  30. Knockdown of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 inhibits glioma progression by regulating miR-338-3p/RRM2
  31. Protective effect of asiaticoside on radiation-induced proliferation inhibition and DNA damage of fibroblasts and mice death
  32. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Tibetan monks from Gansu Province, Northwest China
  33. Sevoflurane inhibits proliferation, invasion, but enhances apoptosis of lung cancer cells by Wnt/β-catenin signaling via regulating lncRNA PCAT6/ miR-326 axis
  34. MiR-542-3p suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of KDM1A and ZNF346
  35. Calcium Phosphate Cement Causes Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration Through the ERK Signaling Pathway
  36. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Osteogenic Differentiation Potential
  37. MiR-489-3p inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma
  38. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating the microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway
  39. Large Brunner’s gland adenoma of the duodenum for almost 10 years
  40. Neurotrophin-3 accelerates reendothelialization through inducing EPC mobilization and homing
  41. Hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against alcohol-induced liver damage by alleviation of oxidative stress in rat models
  42. FXYD6 overexpression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis
  43. Risk factors for elevated serum colorectal cancer markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  44. Effect of hepatic sympathetic nerve removal on energy metabolism in an animal model of cognitive impairment and its relationship to Glut2 expression
  45. Progress in research on the role of fibrinogen in lung cancer
  46. Advanced glycation end product levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients
  47. MiR-223-3p regulates cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting RHOB
  48. Knockdown of DDX46 inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in preeclampsia
  49. Buformin suppresses osteosarcoma via targeting AMPK signaling pathway
  50. Effect of FibroScan test in antiviral therapy for HBV-infected patients with ALT <2 upper limit of normal
  51. LncRNA SNHG15 regulates osteosarcoma progression in vitro and in vivo via sponging miR-346 and regulating TRAF4 expression
  52. LINC00202 promotes retinoblastoma progression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and aerobic glycolysis through miR-204-5p/HMGCR axis
  53. Coexisting flavonoids and administration route effect on pharmacokinetics of Puerarin in MCAO rats
  54. GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?
  55. Circ_001569 regulates FLOT2 expression to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells through sponging miR-185-5p
  56. Lnc-PICSAR contributes to cisplatin resistance by miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  57. BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
  58. MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process
  59. Inhibition of lncRNA LINC00461/miR-216a/aquaporin 4 pathway suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma
  60. Upregulation of miR-150-5p alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting Notch1
  61. Long non-coding RNA LINC00704 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma via miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis
  62. Neuroanatomy of melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in the mouse brain
  63. Lipopolysaccharides promote pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through the aggravation of apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar macrophages
  64. Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro
  65. MiR-4328 inhibits proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts by targeting BCL2 expression
  66. Aberrant expression of microRNA-132-3p and microRNA-146a-5p in Parkinson’s disease patients
  67. Long non-coding RNA SNHG3 accelerates progression in glioma by modulating miR-384/HDGF axis
  68. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 mediates MPTP/MPP+-induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-124/KLF4 axis in Parkinson’s disease
  69. PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model
  70. CircHIPK3/miR-381-3p axis modulates proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of lung cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  71. Reversine and herbal Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway
  72. Therapeutic effects of coronary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on rats with chronic ischemic heart disease
  73. The effects of yam gruel on lowering fasted blood glucose in T2DM rats
  74. Circ_0084043 promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis but blocks cell apoptosis in melanoma via circ_0084043-miR-31-KLF3 axis
  75. CircSAMD4A contributes to cell doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-218-5p/KLF8 axis
  76. Relationship of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men
  77. The prognostic and predictive value of platelet parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
  78. LncRNA SNHG15 contributes to doxorubicin resistance of osteosarcoma cells through targeting the miR-381-3p/GFRA1 axis
  79. miR-339-3p regulated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein through targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 in AR42J cells
  80. LncRNA RP1-85F18.6 affects osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle
  81. MiR-203-3p inhibits the oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis of mice podocytes induced by high glucose through regulating Sema3A expression
  82. MiR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HG-induced HK-2 cells
  83. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis
  84. Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
  85. Long noncoding RNA FTX ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR-150/KLF13 axis
  86. Ropivacaine inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating the SNHG16/miR-424-5p axis
  87. CD11b is involved in coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice by inducing Th17 cells
  88. Decitabine shows anti-acute myeloid leukemia potential via regulating the miR-212-5p/CCNT2 axis
  89. Testosterone aggravates cerebral vascular injury by reducing plasma HDL levels
  90. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  91. PL/Vancomycin/Nano-hydroxyapatite Sustained-release Material to Treat Infectious Bone Defect
  92. The thickness of surface grafting layer on bio-materials directly mediates the immuno-reacitivity of macrophages in vitro
  93. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications
  94. Food Science
  95. Bread making potential of Triticum aestivum and Triticum spelta species
  96. Modeling the effect of heat treatment on fatty acid composition in home-made olive oil preparations
  97. Effect of addition of dried potato pulp on selected quality characteristics of shortcrust pastry cookies
  98. Preparation of konjac oligoglucomannans with different molecular weights and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities
  99. Animal Sciences
  100. Changes in the fecal microbiome of the Yangtze finless porpoise during a short-term therapeutic treatment
  101. Agriculture
  102. Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability
  103. Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
  104. In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
  105. Studying of the promotion mechanism of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat seed germination based on β-amylase
  106. Rapid visual detection of FecB gene expression in sheep
  107. Effects of Bacillus megaterium on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in suckling calves
  108. Effects of center pivot sprinkler fertigation on the yield of continuously cropped soybean
  109. Special Issue On New Approach To Obtain Bioactive Compounds And New Metabolites From Agro-Industrial By-Products
  110. Technological and antioxidant properties of proteins obtained from waste potato juice
  111. The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry
  112. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part I
  113. Automatic detection and segmentation of adenomatous colorectal polyps during colonoscopy using Mask R-CNN
  114. The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source
  115. Errata
  116. Erratum to “Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis”
  117. Erratum to “MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process”
  118. Erratum to “Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation”
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Heruntergeladen am 21.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2020-0074/html
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