Startseite MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process
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MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process

  • Jin-Liang Li EMAIL logo , Zai-Qiu Wang und Xiao-Li Sun
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 3. August 2020
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Open Life Sciences
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 15 Heft 1

Abstract

Objective

This study was designed to explore the biological significance of myosin light chain 6B (MYL6B) in rectal adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Profiles on the Oncomine dataset, GEPIA website, and UALCAN-TCGA database were searched to assess the MYL6B expression level in rectal adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues. After MYL6B knockdown using siRNA strategy, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays were conducted to measure cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to assess cell apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were performed to detect the expression level of mRNAs and proteins.

Results

The data showed that overexpression of MYL6B was observed in rectal adenocarcinoma tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis of patients. Functional in vitro experiments revealed that MYL6B knockdown could inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of rectal adenocarcinoma cells, while promote cell apoptosis. Moreover, western blot analysis suggested that increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin were induced by si-MYL6B.

Conclusion

In summary, this study elaborated on the promoting effect of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma progression, thus providing novel insight for strategies of clinical diagnosis and drug application in the future clinical study.

Keywords: MYL6B; rectal adenocarcinoma; prognosis; EMT markers

1 Introduction

Rectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality with a total of 140,250 new cases in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of all new cancer cases [1]. As a kind of rectal cancer, rectal adenocarcinoma plays a major role due to its high incidence and mortality [2,3]. The incidence of rectal adenocarcinoma has been reported to be increasing year by year in many Asian countries [4]. Despite significant advances in screening and surgery with chemotherapy, overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with advanced rectal adenocarcinoma remain low [5]. The outcomes of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma rely on the time of diagnosis, and targeted treatment is beneficial for this [6,7,8]. However, targeted treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma still has a relatively minor exploration.

Myosin is a superfamily of motor proteins, which is well known for its pronounced effects on motility processes, and a myosin light chain could modulate the Ca2+ transduction [9,10]. As an essential myosin light chain, myosin light chain 6B (MYL6B) is involved in cell viability, adhesion, migration and endocytosis, tissue architecture, and cargo transport [11,12,13]. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the role of MYL6B in the progression of various cancers, including colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [14,15,16]. However, the function of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma has not yet been determined.

Therefore, in the present study, the expression level and prognostic significance of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Based on these analyses, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of rectal adenocarcinoma cells after MYL6B knockdown in vitro were evaluated. Subsequently, the expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were examined by western blot analysis. This study illustrated the role of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for its progression and diagnosis.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Clinical data analysis of rectal adenocarcinoma

Data on MYL6B expression in the 65 normal rectum and 65 rectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples were obtained from the Oncomine dataset. In addition, a comparative analysis of the MYL6B expression in 92 human normal and 10 tumor specimens was acquired from the GEPIA website. Based on these data, the overall survival was evaluated.

2.2 Cell culture

Human rectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29, SW1116, HCT116, and SW480) and normal control cell line Hs680.Rec were purchased from the Shanghai Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shanghai, China). All the cells were incubated in the RPMI-1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin and streptomycin at 37°C and 5% CO2. When the cells entered the logarithmic growth stage, digestion was used to round the cells after washing with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three times. Finally, the cells were seeded into a six-well plate for subsequent experiments.

2.3 Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)

According to the manufacturer’s protocols, total RNA was collected from cells by using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and then cDNA was generated using SuperScript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The amplification was implemented with an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA): 95°C for 5 min, 95°C for 30 s with 40 cycles, 60°C for 45 s, and 72°C for 30 min. The sequences of the primers were as follows: MYL6B: F 5′-ACTTGGAGGGGTTTCGTGTG-3′, R 5′-CGTAGTTGATGCAGCCGTTG-3′; actin: F 5′-CCCGAGCCGTGTTTCCT-3′, R 5′-GTCCCAGTTGGTGACGATGC-3′. For each sample, the process was repeated three times, and the expression of MYL6B was calculated by the 2−△△Ct method.

2.4 Cell transfection

For cell transfection, cells entering the logarithmic growth phase were placed in a six-well plate with fresh medium and transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA). After transfection for 24 h, the transfection efficiency of siRNAs was detected. The sequences of siRNAs were designed as follows: si-MYL6B#1: 5′-CCTCGATCCCCGATAG-3′, si-MYL6B#2: 5′-GTGTTTGACAAAGAGGGC-3′, and si-con: 5′-AATTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGT-3′.

2.5 Cell proliferation assay

Cell proliferation was explored directly by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The transfected cells were suspended, and then placed into the 96-well plate at a density of 1,000 cells per well. Subsequently, 10 μL of CCK-8 reagent was added into each well before detecting cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h. The absorbance values were measured at a wavelength of 450 nm with a spectrometer (Multimode Reader; PerkinElmer, USA).

2.6 Cell migration and invasion assays

The investigation of cell migration and invasion was conducted using transwell chambers with an 8 μm pore size polycarbonate membrane (Costar, Corning, NY, USA). To detect the migratory ability, 5,000 cells were suspended in 100 μL of medium and then cultured in the upper chamber. The lower chamber was filled with 500 μL of medium. After maintaining at 37°C with 5% CO2 overnight, nonmigrating cells were removed using cotton swabs. Next, migrating cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for 20 min. Five fields were selected randomly, imaged, and analyzed statistically. To examine the invasive ability, the upper chamber was precoated with Matrigel (BD Biosciences, Shanghai, China), and the inoculation density of cell suspension was 1 × 105 per well. The rest of the steps were the same as for the migration assay.

2.7 Cell apoptosis analysis

Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V kit (70-AP101-100-AVF; MultiSciences, China). After transfection, the cells were washed with pre-cold PBS and then resuspended in 300 μL of binding buffer. Afterward, 5 μL of Annexin-V/FITC reagent was added to the cells and incubated for 15 min in the dark. Subsequently, 5 μL of propidium iodide was added to stain the cells for 5 min. Finally, after adding 200 μL of binding buffer, the cell apoptosis was examined using a flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, USA).

2.8 Western blot analysis

After 48 h of transfection, total proteins were extracted from cells with RIPA (with protease inhibitors) and the concentrations of proteins were determined by the bicinchoninic acid method. The proteins were boiled with 5× loading buffer at 95°C for 5 min, separated with 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and then transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio-Rad Co., USA). Then the membrane was blocked in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST) that was supplemented with 5% skimmed milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibody (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) at 4°C overnight against E-cadherin (cat14472), N-cadherin (cat14215), Vimentin (cat49636), or GAPDH (cat51332). After washing with TBST in triplicates, the PVDF membrane was incubated with secondary antibody (1:2,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) for 1 h. The protein blots were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent, and the bands were quantified through Bio ID software.

2.9 Statistical analysis

Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistics software and presented as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between two groups were assessed by Student’s t-test, and one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test was used to describe the mean comparisons in multiple groups. The overall survival was exhibited by the Kaplan–Meier method. The differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.

3 Results

3.1 MYL6B was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma

The data obtained from the Oncomine dataset, GEPIA website, and UALCAN-TCGA database showed that the MYL6B expression in rectal adenocarcinoma was higher than that in human normal tissues (Figure 1a–c, P < 0.01). Additionally, the MYL6B expression in rectal adenocarcinoma based on individual cancer stages, gender, age, histological subtypes, and nodal metastasis status also revealed statistical significance (Figure A1). In order to determine the role of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma, the overall survival curve was constructed by the Kaplan–Meier method, indicating that upregulation of MYL6B in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma significantly correlated with poor prognosis (Figure 1d, P = 0.022). Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that MYL6B was also upregulated in human rectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29, SW1116, HCT116, and SW480) at different degrees when compared with that of human normal cell line Hs680.Rec (Figure 1e, P < 0.01). These findings suggested that MYL6B might play a crucial role in the development of rectal adenocarcinoma as a carcinogenic factor.

Figure 1 MYL6B expression is upregulated in rectal adenocarcinoma and its overexpression could shorten survival of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. (a) The mRNA levels of MYL6B in 65 cases of normal rectum and 65 cases of rectal adenocarcinoma, P = 1.75 × 10−40. (b) The expressional analysis of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma obtained from the GEPIA website, P < 0.01. (c) UALCAN-TCGA database analysis of the MYL6B expression in rectal adenocarcinoma based on sample types (10 normal cases and 166 tumor samples), P < 0.01. (d) The comparison of overall survival between the groups with high and low expression of MYL6B, P = 0.022. (e) Quantitative analysis of MYL6B expression levels in different cell lines, **P < 0.01.
Figure 1

MYL6B expression is upregulated in rectal adenocarcinoma and its overexpression could shorten survival of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. (a) The mRNA levels of MYL6B in 65 cases of normal rectum and 65 cases of rectal adenocarcinoma, P = 1.75 × 10−40. (b) The expressional analysis of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma obtained from the GEPIA website, P < 0.01. (c) UALCAN-TCGA database analysis of the MYL6B expression in rectal adenocarcinoma based on sample types (10 normal cases and 166 tumor samples), P < 0.01. (d) The comparison of overall survival between the groups with high and low expression of MYL6B, P = 0.022. (e) Quantitative analysis of MYL6B expression levels in different cell lines, **P < 0.01.

3.2 Detection of MYL6B knockdown efficiency

Next, we examined the biological functions of MYL6B in rectal adenocarcinoma cells after MYL6B knockdown. Considering the relative expression of MYL6B in different cell lines, we selected the HCT116 and SW1116 cell lines as experimental materials due to the higher MYL6B expression level in comparison to the remaining rectal adenocarcinoma cell lines HT-29 and SW480 (Figure 1e, P < 0.01). The MYL6B expression level was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. As shown in Figure 2a and d, MYL6B mRNA expression was significantly disturbed after si-MYL6B#1 and si-MYL6B#2 transfection in HCT116 and SW1116 cells, especially si-MYL6B#2 (P < 0.01). Similarly, the same tendency was also exhibited with respect to protein in HCT116 and SW1116 cells (Figure 2b and e). The intensity of protein bands also exhibited a declining pattern when compared with the si-con group (Figure 2c and f, P < 0.01). Given the higher knockdown efficiency of si-MYL6B#2, we chose si-MYL6B#2 in further experiments.

Figure 2 Detection of MYL6B knockdown efficiency in HCT116 and SW1116 cells. The interference of si-MYL6B reduced the MYL6B expression confirmed by the qRT-PCR method in (a) HCT116 and (d) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01. The investigation of MYL6B knockdown efficiency through western blot analysis and quantification in (b and c) HCT116 and (e and f) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01.
Figure 2

Detection of MYL6B knockdown efficiency in HCT116 and SW1116 cells. The interference of si-MYL6B reduced the MYL6B expression confirmed by the qRT-PCR method in (a) HCT116 and (d) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01. The investigation of MYL6B knockdown efficiency through western blot analysis and quantification in (b and c) HCT116 and (e and f) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01.

3.3 Knockdown of MYL6B inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion while induced apoptosis of rectal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Based on downregulated MYL6B, the proliferation of HCT116 and SW1116 cells was suppressed remarkably at 48 and 72 h (Figure 3a and b, P < 0.01). We further performed transwell assays to determine cell migratory and invasive abilities. The representative images in Figure 3c and d indicate that knockdown of MYL6B retarded cell migration and invasion when compared with that of si-con groups. Moreover, the quantitative analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect as the number of migratory and invasive cells decreased significantly when compared with that of the si-con group (Figure 3c and 3d, P < 0.01). Results of flow cytometry analysis in Figure 4a and b show that MYL6B inhibition remarkably promoted cell apoptosis in both HCT116 and SW1116 cells (P < 0.01). These in vitro results aligned with the finding that upregulated MYL6B is accompanied by poor prognosis in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Figure 3 MYL6B knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 and SW1116. (a and b) Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, **P < 0.01. (c and d) Results of transwell assays identified that cell migratory and invasive capabilities were blocked due to MYL6B knockdown, bar = 200 µm. The invasive and migratory cell numbers were quantified, **P < 0.01.
Figure 3

MYL6B knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 and SW1116. (a and b) Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, **P < 0.01. (c and d) Results of transwell assays identified that cell migratory and invasive capabilities were blocked due to MYL6B knockdown, bar = 200 µm. The invasive and migratory cell numbers were quantified, **P < 0.01.

Figure 4 Downregulation of MYL6B induced cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to assess the apoptotic ability of (a) HCT116 and (b) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01.
Figure 4

Downregulation of MYL6B induced cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to assess the apoptotic ability of (a) HCT116 and (b) SW1116 cells, **P < 0.01.

3.4 Downregulation of MYL6B suppressed cell malignant behaviors via mediating the EMT process in rectal adenocarcinoma

EMT is a process by which epithelial cells become mesenchymal stem cells when they lose their cell polarity and adhesion and gain migratory and invasive properties [17]. This highlighted the crucial role of EMT in tumorigenesis [18]. In accordance with this notion and our aforementioned results, western blotting was conducted to measure the key markers of EMT, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression levels in HCT116 and SW1116 cells that were transfected with si-MYL6B. Upon comparing with the si-con group, we found that MYL6B knockdown led to the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin and Vimentin (Figure 5a and c). Meanwhile, the fold change also revealed that the reduction of MYL6B hindered N-cadherin and Vimentin but stimulated E-cadherin (Figure 5b and d, P < 0.01). These findings suggested that the EMT process is involved in the inhibitory role of MYL6B reduction in rectal adenocarcinoma cells.

Figure 5 Downregulation of MYL6B suppressed cell malignant behaviors via mediating the EMT process in rectal adenocarcinoma. Western blot results showed that E-cadherin expression was upregulated, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was attenuated in (a and b) HCT116 and (c and d) SW1116 cells after MYL6B knockdown, **P < 0.01.
Figure 5

Downregulation of MYL6B suppressed cell malignant behaviors via mediating the EMT process in rectal adenocarcinoma. Western blot results showed that E-cadherin expression was upregulated, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was attenuated in (a and b) HCT116 and (c and d) SW1116 cells after MYL6B knockdown, **P < 0.01.

4 Discussion

Based on the data obtained from the Oncomine dataset, GEPIA website, and UALCAN-TCGA database, this study confirmed the expression level of MYL6B in tumor specimens and cell lines. It revealed that MYL6B may be a new prognostic marker in rectal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression of MYL6B closely correlated with the worse survival of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, MYL6B knockdown resulted in a decreased tendency with respect to biological features, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings demonstrated that MYL6B is an important biomarker in the development of rectal adenocarcinoma.

Although little is known about the biological function of MYL6B, myosin holoenzymes have been relatively well described. For instance, myosin VI is regulated by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner and possesses a promoted effect in the p53-dependent pro-survival pathway in RKO cells [19]; disordered expression of myosin-X could cause poor prognosis in breast cancer [20]; and Myh9 could stimulate the development of squamous cell carcinomas [21]. In addition, myosin is composed of heavy chains and light chains, which are important for biological process regulation [22]. Several reports have previously pointed out that myosin light chain proteins were involved in a number of diseases. Huang and Szczesna-Cordary found that hypertrophic, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death are related to myosin light chain [23]. The mutations of N- and C-terminal in MYL2 and MYL3 were linked with these diseases [24,25]. With respect to inflammation, MYL9, MYL12a, and MYL12b have been determined as new copartners with CD69 [26,27]. As an essential light chain for nonmuscle Myosin II (NMII), MYL6B has key impacts on hepatocellular carcinoma by binding to MDM2 [14]. Our findings in this study illustrated that the reduction of MYL6B hampered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which is consistent with the aforementioned data about the poor outcome in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

EMT plays a very important role in various cancers, of which rectal adenocarcinoma is most prominent [17,18,28]. Moreover, EMT has been reported to act as a vital process in the early metastatic dissemination of tumor cells via endowing them with a more invasive phenotype [29]. Given the inhibitory effect of MYL6B knockdown on invasion and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma cells, we hypothesized that this inhibition is regulated through the EMT pathway. Thus, the expression level of EMT markers was probed to identify the carcinogenic role of MYL6B: E-cadherin was upregulated while N-cadherin and Vimentin were downregulated. Taken together, all the results determined that MYL6B is a putative driver gene in rectal adenocarcinoma, and extensive research should be performed in the future to detect a potential mechanism through in vivo experiments to verify the results obtained in this study.

In total, we observed that overexpression of MYL6B could result in poor prognosis in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, and cell viability, invasion, and migration were suppressed because of MYL6B knockdown. Moreover, the reduction of MYL6B could promote cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the EMT process was also hindered in rectal adenocarcinoma cells after transfection with si-MYL6B. These findings demonstrated that MYL6B may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in rectal adenocarcinoma, increasing the possibility of cancer cure.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Appendix

Figure A1 Expression of MYL6B was determined using UALCAN-TCGA database based on (a) individual cancer stages, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) histological subtypes, and (e) nodal metastasis status.
Figure A1

Expression of MYL6B was determined using UALCAN-TCGA database based on (a) individual cancer stages, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) histological subtypes, and (e) nodal metastasis status.

  1. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2019-06-24
Revised: 2020-02-04
Accepted: 2020-02-11
Published Online: 2020-08-03

© 2020 Jin-Liang Li et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  31. Protective effect of asiaticoside on radiation-induced proliferation inhibition and DNA damage of fibroblasts and mice death
  32. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Tibetan monks from Gansu Province, Northwest China
  33. Sevoflurane inhibits proliferation, invasion, but enhances apoptosis of lung cancer cells by Wnt/β-catenin signaling via regulating lncRNA PCAT6/ miR-326 axis
  34. MiR-542-3p suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of KDM1A and ZNF346
  35. Calcium Phosphate Cement Causes Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration Through the ERK Signaling Pathway
  36. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Osteogenic Differentiation Potential
  37. MiR-489-3p inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma
  38. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating the microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway
  39. Large Brunner’s gland adenoma of the duodenum for almost 10 years
  40. Neurotrophin-3 accelerates reendothelialization through inducing EPC mobilization and homing
  41. Hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against alcohol-induced liver damage by alleviation of oxidative stress in rat models
  42. FXYD6 overexpression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis
  43. Risk factors for elevated serum colorectal cancer markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  44. Effect of hepatic sympathetic nerve removal on energy metabolism in an animal model of cognitive impairment and its relationship to Glut2 expression
  45. Progress in research on the role of fibrinogen in lung cancer
  46. Advanced glycation end product levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients
  47. MiR-223-3p regulates cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting RHOB
  48. Knockdown of DDX46 inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in preeclampsia
  49. Buformin suppresses osteosarcoma via targeting AMPK signaling pathway
  50. Effect of FibroScan test in antiviral therapy for HBV-infected patients with ALT <2 upper limit of normal
  51. LncRNA SNHG15 regulates osteosarcoma progression in vitro and in vivo via sponging miR-346 and regulating TRAF4 expression
  52. LINC00202 promotes retinoblastoma progression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and aerobic glycolysis through miR-204-5p/HMGCR axis
  53. Coexisting flavonoids and administration route effect on pharmacokinetics of Puerarin in MCAO rats
  54. GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?
  55. Circ_001569 regulates FLOT2 expression to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells through sponging miR-185-5p
  56. Lnc-PICSAR contributes to cisplatin resistance by miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  57. BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
  58. MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process
  59. Inhibition of lncRNA LINC00461/miR-216a/aquaporin 4 pathway suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma
  60. Upregulation of miR-150-5p alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting Notch1
  61. Long non-coding RNA LINC00704 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma via miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis
  62. Neuroanatomy of melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in the mouse brain
  63. Lipopolysaccharides promote pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through the aggravation of apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar macrophages
  64. Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro
  65. MiR-4328 inhibits proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts by targeting BCL2 expression
  66. Aberrant expression of microRNA-132-3p and microRNA-146a-5p in Parkinson’s disease patients
  67. Long non-coding RNA SNHG3 accelerates progression in glioma by modulating miR-384/HDGF axis
  68. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 mediates MPTP/MPP+-induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-124/KLF4 axis in Parkinson’s disease
  69. PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model
  70. CircHIPK3/miR-381-3p axis modulates proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of lung cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  71. Reversine and herbal Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway
  72. Therapeutic effects of coronary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on rats with chronic ischemic heart disease
  73. The effects of yam gruel on lowering fasted blood glucose in T2DM rats
  74. Circ_0084043 promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis but blocks cell apoptosis in melanoma via circ_0084043-miR-31-KLF3 axis
  75. CircSAMD4A contributes to cell doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-218-5p/KLF8 axis
  76. Relationship of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men
  77. The prognostic and predictive value of platelet parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
  78. LncRNA SNHG15 contributes to doxorubicin resistance of osteosarcoma cells through targeting the miR-381-3p/GFRA1 axis
  79. miR-339-3p regulated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein through targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 in AR42J cells
  80. LncRNA RP1-85F18.6 affects osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle
  81. MiR-203-3p inhibits the oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis of mice podocytes induced by high glucose through regulating Sema3A expression
  82. MiR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HG-induced HK-2 cells
  83. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis
  84. Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
  85. Long noncoding RNA FTX ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR-150/KLF13 axis
  86. Ropivacaine inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating the SNHG16/miR-424-5p axis
  87. CD11b is involved in coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice by inducing Th17 cells
  88. Decitabine shows anti-acute myeloid leukemia potential via regulating the miR-212-5p/CCNT2 axis
  89. Testosterone aggravates cerebral vascular injury by reducing plasma HDL levels
  90. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  91. PL/Vancomycin/Nano-hydroxyapatite Sustained-release Material to Treat Infectious Bone Defect
  92. The thickness of surface grafting layer on bio-materials directly mediates the immuno-reacitivity of macrophages in vitro
  93. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications
  94. Food Science
  95. Bread making potential of Triticum aestivum and Triticum spelta species
  96. Modeling the effect of heat treatment on fatty acid composition in home-made olive oil preparations
  97. Effect of addition of dried potato pulp on selected quality characteristics of shortcrust pastry cookies
  98. Preparation of konjac oligoglucomannans with different molecular weights and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities
  99. Animal Sciences
  100. Changes in the fecal microbiome of the Yangtze finless porpoise during a short-term therapeutic treatment
  101. Agriculture
  102. Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability
  103. Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
  104. In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
  105. Studying of the promotion mechanism of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat seed germination based on β-amylase
  106. Rapid visual detection of FecB gene expression in sheep
  107. Effects of Bacillus megaterium on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in suckling calves
  108. Effects of center pivot sprinkler fertigation on the yield of continuously cropped soybean
  109. Special Issue On New Approach To Obtain Bioactive Compounds And New Metabolites From Agro-Industrial By-Products
  110. Technological and antioxidant properties of proteins obtained from waste potato juice
  111. The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry
  112. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part I
  113. Automatic detection and segmentation of adenomatous colorectal polyps during colonoscopy using Mask R-CNN
  114. The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source
  115. Errata
  116. Erratum to “Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis”
  117. Erratum to “MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process”
  118. Erratum to “Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0031
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
MYL6B; rectal adenocarcinoma; prognosis; EMT markers
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Plant Sciences
  2. Dependence of the heterosis effect on genetic distance, determined using various molecular markers
  3. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Regulated Phyto and Microbial Beneficial Protein Interactions
  4. Role of strigolactones: Signalling and crosstalk with other phytohormones
  5. An efficient protocol for regenerating shoots from paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaf explants
  6. Functional divergence and adaptive selection of KNOX gene family in plants
  7. In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum
  8. In vitro induction and characterisation of tetraploid drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
  9. CRISPR/Cas9 or prime editing? – It depends on…
  10. Study on the optimal antagonistic effect of a bacterial complex against Monilinia fructicola in peach
  11. Natural variation in stress response induced by low CO2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
  12. The complete mitogenome sequence of the coral lily (Lilium pumilum) and the Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii) in China
  13. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  14. Use of phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities in the assessment of calcium peroxide and citric acid effects in soil contaminated with petrol
  15. Analysis of ethanol dehydration using membrane separation processes
  16. Activity of Vip3Aa1 against Periplaneta americana
  17. Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
  18. Spatiotemporal dynamics of terrestrial invertebrate assemblages in the riparian zone of the Wewe river, Ashanti region, Ghana
  19. Antifungal activity of selected volatile essential oils against Penicillium sp.
  20. Toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids on two terrestrial plants
  21. Biosurfactant production by a Bacillus megaterium strain
  22. Distribution and density of Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 relate to sediment while reproduction shows multiple peaks per year in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, Vietnam
  23. Biomedical Sciences
  24. Treatment of Epilepsy Associated with Common Chromosomal Developmental Diseases
  25. A Mouse Model for Studying Stem Cell Effects on Regeneration of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheaths
  26. Morphine modulates hippocampal neurogenesis and contextual memory extinction via miR-34c/Notch1 pathway in male ICR mice
  27. Composition, Anticholinesterase and Antipedicular Activities of Satureja capitata L. Volatile Oil
  28. Weight loss may be unrelated to dietary intake in the imiquimod-induced plaque psoriasis mice model
  29. Construction of recombinant lentiviral vector containing human stem cell leukemia gene and its expression in interstitial cells of cajal
  30. Knockdown of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 inhibits glioma progression by regulating miR-338-3p/RRM2
  31. Protective effect of asiaticoside on radiation-induced proliferation inhibition and DNA damage of fibroblasts and mice death
  32. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Tibetan monks from Gansu Province, Northwest China
  33. Sevoflurane inhibits proliferation, invasion, but enhances apoptosis of lung cancer cells by Wnt/β-catenin signaling via regulating lncRNA PCAT6/ miR-326 axis
  34. MiR-542-3p suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of KDM1A and ZNF346
  35. Calcium Phosphate Cement Causes Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration Through the ERK Signaling Pathway
  36. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Osteogenic Differentiation Potential
  37. MiR-489-3p inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis, by targeting the BDNF-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioblastoma
  38. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 knockdown hinders the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma by regulating the microRNA-34a-5p/NOTCH1 signaling pathway
  39. Large Brunner’s gland adenoma of the duodenum for almost 10 years
  40. Neurotrophin-3 accelerates reendothelialization through inducing EPC mobilization and homing
  41. Hepatoprotective effects of chamazulene against alcohol-induced liver damage by alleviation of oxidative stress in rat models
  42. FXYD6 overexpression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis
  43. Risk factors for elevated serum colorectal cancer markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  44. Effect of hepatic sympathetic nerve removal on energy metabolism in an animal model of cognitive impairment and its relationship to Glut2 expression
  45. Progress in research on the role of fibrinogen in lung cancer
  46. Advanced glycation end product levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients
  47. MiR-223-3p regulates cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting RHOB
  48. Knockdown of DDX46 inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in preeclampsia
  49. Buformin suppresses osteosarcoma via targeting AMPK signaling pathway
  50. Effect of FibroScan test in antiviral therapy for HBV-infected patients with ALT <2 upper limit of normal
  51. LncRNA SNHG15 regulates osteosarcoma progression in vitro and in vivo via sponging miR-346 and regulating TRAF4 expression
  52. LINC00202 promotes retinoblastoma progression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and aerobic glycolysis through miR-204-5p/HMGCR axis
  53. Coexisting flavonoids and administration route effect on pharmacokinetics of Puerarin in MCAO rats
  54. GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?
  55. Circ_001569 regulates FLOT2 expression to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells through sponging miR-185-5p
  56. Lnc-PICSAR contributes to cisplatin resistance by miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  57. BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
  58. MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process
  59. Inhibition of lncRNA LINC00461/miR-216a/aquaporin 4 pathway suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma
  60. Upregulation of miR-150-5p alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting Notch1
  61. Long non-coding RNA LINC00704 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma via miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis
  62. Neuroanatomy of melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in the mouse brain
  63. Lipopolysaccharides promote pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through the aggravation of apoptosis and inflammation in alveolar macrophages
  64. Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro
  65. MiR-4328 inhibits proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts by targeting BCL2 expression
  66. Aberrant expression of microRNA-132-3p and microRNA-146a-5p in Parkinson’s disease patients
  67. Long non-coding RNA SNHG3 accelerates progression in glioma by modulating miR-384/HDGF axis
  68. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 mediates MPTP/MPP+-induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-124/KLF4 axis in Parkinson’s disease
  69. PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model
  70. CircHIPK3/miR-381-3p axis modulates proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of lung cancer cells by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  71. Reversine and herbal Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway
  72. Therapeutic effects of coronary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on rats with chronic ischemic heart disease
  73. The effects of yam gruel on lowering fasted blood glucose in T2DM rats
  74. Circ_0084043 promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis but blocks cell apoptosis in melanoma via circ_0084043-miR-31-KLF3 axis
  75. CircSAMD4A contributes to cell doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-218-5p/KLF8 axis
  76. Relationship of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men
  77. The prognostic and predictive value of platelet parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
  78. LncRNA SNHG15 contributes to doxorubicin resistance of osteosarcoma cells through targeting the miR-381-3p/GFRA1 axis
  79. miR-339-3p regulated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein through targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 in AR42J cells
  80. LncRNA RP1-85F18.6 affects osteoblast cells by regulating the cell cycle
  81. MiR-203-3p inhibits the oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis of mice podocytes induced by high glucose through regulating Sema3A expression
  82. MiR-30c-5p/ROCK2 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HG-induced HK-2 cells
  83. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis
  84. Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
  85. Long noncoding RNA FTX ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR-150/KLF13 axis
  86. Ropivacaine inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating the SNHG16/miR-424-5p axis
  87. CD11b is involved in coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice by inducing Th17 cells
  88. Decitabine shows anti-acute myeloid leukemia potential via regulating the miR-212-5p/CCNT2 axis
  89. Testosterone aggravates cerebral vascular injury by reducing plasma HDL levels
  90. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  91. PL/Vancomycin/Nano-hydroxyapatite Sustained-release Material to Treat Infectious Bone Defect
  92. The thickness of surface grafting layer on bio-materials directly mediates the immuno-reacitivity of macrophages in vitro
  93. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and biomedical applications
  94. Food Science
  95. Bread making potential of Triticum aestivum and Triticum spelta species
  96. Modeling the effect of heat treatment on fatty acid composition in home-made olive oil preparations
  97. Effect of addition of dried potato pulp on selected quality characteristics of shortcrust pastry cookies
  98. Preparation of konjac oligoglucomannans with different molecular weights and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities
  99. Animal Sciences
  100. Changes in the fecal microbiome of the Yangtze finless porpoise during a short-term therapeutic treatment
  101. Agriculture
  102. Influence of inoculation with Lactobacillus on fermentation, production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol as well as Maize silage aerobic stability
  103. Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
  104. In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids
  105. Studying of the promotion mechanism of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat seed germination based on β-amylase
  106. Rapid visual detection of FecB gene expression in sheep
  107. Effects of Bacillus megaterium on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in suckling calves
  108. Effects of center pivot sprinkler fertigation on the yield of continuously cropped soybean
  109. Special Issue On New Approach To Obtain Bioactive Compounds And New Metabolites From Agro-Industrial By-Products
  110. Technological and antioxidant properties of proteins obtained from waste potato juice
  111. The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry
  112. Special Issue on Computing and Artificial Techniques for Life Science Applications - Part I
  113. Automatic detection and segmentation of adenomatous colorectal polyps during colonoscopy using Mask R-CNN
  114. The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source
  115. Errata
  116. Erratum to “Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis”
  117. Erratum to “MYL6B drives the capabilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration in rectal adenocarcinoma through the EMT process”
  118. Erratum to “Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation”
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