Startseite Stable super-hydrophobic and comfort PDMS-coated polyester fabric
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Stable super-hydrophobic and comfort PDMS-coated polyester fabric

  • Liyun Xu , Kaifang Xie , Yuegang Liu und Chengjiao Zhang EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. September 2021
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Abstract

Super-hydrophobic fabrics have shown great potential during the last decade owing to their novel functions and enormous potential for diver’s applications. Surface textures and low surface energy coatings are the keys to high water repellency. However, the toxicity of nanomaterials, long perfluorinated side-chain polymers, and the fragile of micro/nano-texture lead to the super-hydrophobic surfaces are confined to small-scale uses. Thus, in this article, a stable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated super-hydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric (PDMS-g-PET) is manufactured via dip-plasma crosslinking without changing the wearing comfort. Benefiting from the special wrinkled structure of PDMS film, the coating is durable enough against physical abrasion and repeated washing damage, which is suffered from 100 cycles of washing or 500 abrasion cycles, and the water contact angle is still above 150°. This study promotes the way for the development of environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-efficient for designing durable superhydrophobic coatings for various practical applications.

Keywords: super-hydrophobic; plasma crosslinking; washing durability; abrasion resistance; wearability

1 Introduction

Super-hydrophobic surface commonly existed in the surface of bios, well-known as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, and duck feathers (1), and was highly attracted by academia and industry for decades due to its tremendous potential applications of water repellency (2,3), anti-icing (4), self-cleaning (5), and anti-drag under water (6) in the industry of textile, coating, and aviation. Inspired from biostructure, various artificial super-hydrophobic surfaces were successfully produced by constructing nano/micro roughness from top-to-down or down-to-top methods and low surface tension surface from in situ process (7) and chemical postmodification (8,9). However, the insufficient mechanical robustness of artificial super-hydrophobic surfaces cannot bear the practical application. To overcome this problem, several strategies were provided by researches. High strength or hardness metal or ceramic nano/micro-structures were produced by chemical etching (10) or laser ablation (11) could increase the mechanical damage threshold. Thicker coating or block materials, which were entirely composed of super-hydrophobic nanoparticles (12) and slight binder (13), can also extend the abrasion lifetime because it provided many sacrificial layers. Moreover, biomimicking bios’ regrowth when their microstructures are broken, low surface tension silane in microcapsules or micropores can remodify the destroyed structure to recover super-hydrophobicity (14). These strategies can certainly improve the robustness of super-hydrophobic coatings, membranes, or blocks; however, they cannot be applied on fabric because they cannot satisfy the basic demands of fabric, e.g., softness, permeability, washability, and skin contact safety.

Considering the comprehensive demands of water-repellent fabric, normally industry hydrophobic fabric was directly coated by hydrophobic polymer-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (5), poly(acrylic acid) (15), polyurethane (PU) (16), Ecoplus (Rudolf Gruop), and Zelan R3 (DuPont) with alkyl group (17) or perfluorinated side chain (18). Owing to the insufficient roughness, industry products cannot achieve very high-water repellency, which normally has a water contact angle (WCA) ∼150° with a low sliding angle. Furthermore, high roughness obtained by adding or in situ growing nanoparticles (NPs) on fibers, e.g., silica NPs (19) and ZnO nanorods (20), could achieve super-hydrophobicity. Most reports showed that NP-coated fabric achieved robustness for hundreds of abrasion and washing cycles. However, these NPs were easily taken away from fibers by increased friction force due to the high roughness. Leaving aside the safety of detached nanoparticles on human skin, the rigid nanoparticles with polymer binder on fibers cannot provide enough mechanical robustness for practical applications. Furthermore, due to perfluorinated chains of eight carbons or more, have been shown to be persistent in the environment and bio-accumulate in living organisms (21), prohibition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in fabric cause the increasing interesting of fluorine-free water-repellent agent. Thus, developing highly robust super-hydrophobic fabric with less change of fabric styles using fluorine-free materials is a great challenge.

PDMS with identical terminating methyl groups is elastic silicon with good biocompatibility and environmentally friendly and possesses excellent strength, wear resistance, and low surface energy (20–25 mN/m), which turned it into a good hydrophobic material (22,23). Utilizing patterning approaches, nano/micro PDMS pillar arrays, micro-winkles, and hierarchical structures like pillars on wrinkles are fabricated to form super-hydrophobic surfaces (24). Here, we developed PDMS wrinkles on fibers by radiofrequency capacitance-coupled plasma (RF-CCP) treatment of PDMS precursor-coated fabric. After plasma treatment, the fabric has extremely good super-hydrophobicity without any fabric style change, while traditional silicon treated fabric is sticky. Due to the wrinkle structures, plasma-treated PDMS-coated fabric has high mechanical robustness for more than 500 abrasion cycles and 100 washing cycles.

2 Materials and methods

The knitted polyester fabrics (100%, 120 g/m2) purchased from Miandu Textile Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang, China) were used as samples. The detergent 209 was purchased from Wangnilai Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). PDMS, trimethylsiloxy terminated, M.W. 770 (CAS#9016-00-6) supplied by Alfa Aesar Tech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) was used as a monomer. The standard soapflake purchased from China textile institute of science and technology (Beijing, China). Ethanol (AR, ≥99.7%) and Argon gas were supplied by Changzhou Hongsheng Fine Detail Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China) and Canghai industry Gas Co., Ltd. (Shanghai China), respectively.

2.1 Polyester samples preparation

First, the PET fabric was washed to remove any possible dust or chemical residues, which can probably affect the surface treatment. Second, it was immersed into 2 g/L detergent 209 and 2 g/L sodium carbonate with the bath ratio of 50:1 at a temperature of 40°C in the ultrasonic bath for 40 min. Then, it was washed repeatedly with deionized water and dried in an oven at a temperature of 70°C for 2 h.

2.2 Fabrication of super-hydrophobic PET fabrics

The scoured PET samples were dipped into a beaker containing 5 g/L PDMS monomer in the ultrasonic bath at a liquor ratio of 40:1 for 5 min. Subsequently, the samples were dried in an oven at the temperature of 70°C for 30 min to move the solution of ethanol. The dipped PET samples were then modified by the radiofrequency under the CCP mode, and the processing of plasma treatment for super-hydrophobic fabrics was the same to our previous article (25).

2.3 Characterization and simulations

Surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM; Hitachi S-4800, Hitachi, Japan) and atom force microscope (AFM, 5500AFM-SPM, Aglient, America). Surface chemical compositions of samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Kratos AXIS UltraDLD, Shimazu, Japan). The static WCA was measured on the DropMeter™ Professional A-200 instrument (Ningbo Haishu Meishi Detection Technology Company, China) with the volume of deionized water droplets were 5 μL according to GB/T 30693-2014, and sliding angles were measured at purpose-made stage with 10 μL deionized water. The washing and abrasion durability of samples was evaluated by the WCAs after several washes (according to AATCC 61-2006. 2 A, SW-8, Mebon Instrument Co. Ltd., China) or abrasion (according to ISO 105-X12:2001, dry friction mode, Y571N, Nantong Hongda Instrument co., China) cycles, respectively. The wearing comfort of fabric is determined by the water vapor transmission (GB/T 12704.2-2009, YG601H, Ningbo Textile Instrument Factory, Zhejiang China), air permeability (GB/T5453-1997, YG461E, Wenzhou Fangyuan Instrument Co. Ltd. Zhejiang, China), and cold–hot sensation (FZ/T01054.1-6-1999, model KES-F7-II Band, Tokyo, Japan). The Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) hand value instrument, type of YG821 (Shanghai textile research institute, China) and thermo-sensation instrument, type of KES-F7-ⅡBand (Total, Japan) were used to test the wearability of fabrics according to FZ/T01054.1-6-1999, and all the samples were conditioned for 48 h under atmospheric conditions of 20 ± 2°C and 65 ± 2% relative humidity before tested.

Finite element simulation was conducted using Commercial software Abaqus/Explicit. For simplicity, a conventional bilayer model for generating wrinkling that consists of stiff film and compliant substrate was implemented. Both film and substrate were simulated as linear elastic material and by four-node plane strain elements. The indenter was modeled as a discrete rigid body. To show the benefit of wrinkles, the maximum contact pressure during contact in both cases was set to be identical and the Mises stresses were compared.

3 Results and discussion

Figure 1a shows the FTIR spectrum of PET fabrics before and after plasma treatment. The enhancement of Si–CH3 (C–CH3) peaks in 780, 1,250, and 1,410/cm, and C–O–C (Si–O–Si) peaks in 1,200–1,000/cm was attributed to the crosslinking of PDMS on the surface of PET fabrics. After plasma treatment, PDMS film was successfully coated on the surface of PET fabrics.

Figure 1 (a) The ATR-FTIR spectrum of the samples before and after treatment. (b) The water repellency of PET samples and the corresponding electron temperature and electron density under different powers. (c) The image of water contact with PET (top) and PDMS-g-PET (below) fabrics surface.
Figure 1

(a) The ATR-FTIR spectrum of the samples before and after treatment. (b) The water repellency of PET samples and the corresponding electron temperature and electron density under different powers. (c) The image of water contact with PET (top) and PDMS-g-PET (below) fabrics surface.

As we know, different setting values of radiofrequency (RF) power result in the change of electron temperature and electron density in the reaction chamber, and they play a leading role in modifying the material surface (26). Therefore, we used a double Langmuir probe to investigate the electron temperature and electron density in the reaction chamber during the discharge process, and the result is shown in Figure 1b. It was obvious that the electron temperature and electron density changed in the opposite trend. When the RF power was less than 125 W, the electron density was low, so we implied that the electron temperature was the major factor to influence the modification, and the WCA of the samples increased when electron temperature went down, and the water repellency of samples was observed to the best of WCA and SA up to 152.2° and 8.4°, respectively, at the RF power of 100 W. However, when the PF power was less than 50 W, the discharge process was unstable, and the samples could not exhibit high WCA. When the power was between 125 and 250 W, the electron density played the dominant role. The decrease of water repellency of the samples with the increasing electron density due to the increase of collision of active particles leads to the enhancement of plasma etching and may destroy the structural integrity of the PDMS drafted film. At the power of 250 W, the WCA and SA were just 143.1° and 38.3°, respectively. Finally, when the RF power was higher than 250 W, the number of high-energy particles was reduced, and thus, fewer chemical bonds were broken.

As shown in Figure 1c and Video in Supplementary Material, PDMS-g-PET fabrics, which were treated at the power of 100 W, exhibited noticed different wetting behavior to PET fabric. After contact with water, the surface of PET fabrics was totally wet, while the PDMS-g-PET fabric stayed completely dry. This result indicated that PET fabrics got excellent repellency of water after PDMS was coated properly.

The SEM and AFM measurements were introduced to determine how the sample surface morphology changed before and after modification with different RF powers. As shown in Figure 2a and d, the PET fibers were smooth and free of defects, which accorded with the features of synthetic fibers. In contrast, PDMS-g-PET fabrics (Figure 2b–f) showed some differences. After treated by the power of 100 W (Figure 2b and e), a thin uniform film with some regular wrinkles film has appeared on the surface of PET fibers. This low surface energy film covered all the fibers on the surface of the sample, so it could exhibit super-hydrophobic properties. Nevertheless, the sample that was treated by 250 W (Figure 2c and f) did not have a wrinkled structure on its surface and even exhibited some textures, which was caused by plasma etching. Therefore, the water repellency of this sample was much lower than the one treated by 100 W as shown in Figure 1a.

Figure 2 The SEM and AFM images and XPS survey spectra of (a, d, and g) PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics with different RF power of (b, e, and h) 100 W, (c, f, and i) 250 W, respectively.
Figure 2

The SEM and AFM images and XPS survey spectra of (a, d, and g) PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics with different RF power of (b, e, and h) 100 W, (c, f, and i) 250 W, respectively.

The chemical composition of the PET fabrics was analyzed by XPS and FTIR. As shown in Figure 2g, the pristine PET fabric was mainly composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. However, in Figure 2h and i, four peaks appeared at 100.8 eV (Si 2p), 150.2 eV (Si 2s), 284.3 eV (C 1s), and 531.1 eV (O 1s). Besides, the peaks of C–C (284.6 eV), C–O (286.4 eV), and C═O (288.8 eV) (21) bonds were also reduced to some extent. It may be because of the breakup of C–Si and C–O bonds in PDMS molecular chain by excited particles, and then chemical bond was formed with active sites on polyester fabric surface, and so there was silicon and less C–C, C–O, and C═O bonds existed on the PDMS-modified fabric. All these indicated that PDMS was successfully drafted onto the surface of PET fabric. Furthermore, according to Figure 2g–i, the RF power had an influence on the element content and the percent peak area of C1s core level. Due to the drafting of the thin uniform PDMS film, C–Si component increased and other components decreased a lot at the power of 100 W. But when the power was at 250 W, the C–C, C–O, and C═O contents were all higher than treated by 100 W. It might be because that the high-energy particles were activated and destroyed the PDMS film and the polyester surface, leading to the increase of C–C, C–O, and C═O contents.

Figure 3a shows the washing durability of the PET samples before and after modification. The WCA value of untreated PET fabric and PDMS-g-PET fabrics, which was treated by RF power of 100 W, was changed from 120.1° and 153.2° to 87.5° and 150.6°, respectively, after 100 washing cycles. In addition, when the RF power was at 250 W, the WCA value changed from 141.3° to 127.12° at a steady rate. The abrasion durability of PET fabrics was also measured and the indenter with loading pressure of 44.8 kPa, which was typically used to evaluate fabrics for thin thickness garment usages (27). As shown in Figure 3b, PDMS-g-PET fabrics had better abrasion stability than the pristine one. The treated super-hydrophobic PET fabrics at 100 W got the best durability, and the WCA was still being 151.1° after 500 abrasion cycles, while the WCA of the sample treated at 250 W was just 113.3°. The SEM image with different abrasion cycles (Figure 3c and d) demonstrated that PDMS was peeled off from the fiber after 100 cycles for PDMS-g-PET fabrics with a power of 250 W. While it was found that the winkles were relaxed after 300 cycles, and only the short PDMS strips are taken off from the fiber after 500 cycles for PDMS-g-PET fabrics with the power of 100 W. It was supposed that the destruction of the structure and integrity of PDMS film was the main reason for the decrease of water repellency.

Figure 3 (a) Washing durability and (b) abrasion stability of PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics with different RF powers; surface morphology of PDMS-g-PET fabrics after different abrasion cycles with RF power of (c) 100 W and (d) 250 W.
Figure 3

(a) Washing durability and (b) abrasion stability of PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics with different RF powers; surface morphology of PDMS-g-PET fabrics after different abrasion cycles with RF power of (c) 100 W and (d) 250 W.

To further investigate the contribution of winkled PDMS coating during abrasion, the failure process was simulated by a finite element method. First, the damage of the surface film was divided into two steps: reversible wrinkle relaxation and irreversible coating damage (the schematic in Figure 4a) based on the observed SEM images. Figure 4b and c represents the effect of the winkle structure on the stress distribution of PDMS films. It is shown that wrinkles can disperse the force caused by the indenter, while flat films have stress concentration both at the surface and the interface by the shearing force (Figure 4c). This is consistent with the SEM images, which indicated the failure happened at the interface for PDMS-g-PET fabrics with the power of 250 W, while the failure happened at the top surface for the fabric with PDMS-g-PET fabrics with the power of 100 W.

Figure 4 (a) Failure process diagram of PDMS film surface; simulation of stress distribution and damage behavior of (b) plat film and (c) wrinkled PDMS film in abrasion test.
Figure 4

(a) Failure process diagram of PDMS film surface; simulation of stress distribution and damage behavior of (b) plat film and (c) wrinkled PDMS film in abrasion test.

As presented in Table 1, the hand value (HV) for fabric softness changed slightly (0.183%) after plasma treatment. For stiffness and smoothness, the HV ranged from 5.350 to 5.459 and from 48.448 to 50.450, respectively. Yim and Kan (28) had pointed out that weight and thickness of warp-knitted fabrics did highly correlated with stiffness, and heavier and thicker fabric was stiffer consequently. In contrast to the aforementioned changes of fabric properties, the maximum transient thermal flow q max of treated PET fabric was decreased to 0.10 (−4.762%), it means that at the moment of contact between the fabric and the skin, the heat of the fabric leading away from the skin surface was reduced, and then, the comfort of the fabric was increased.

Table 1

The wearability of PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics

Mechanical properties Units PET PDMS-g-PET Rate of change (%) Performance improvement
Stiffness — 5.350 5.459 2.032 ↓
Fullness — 30.908 30.965 0.183 ↑
Smoothness — 48.448 50.450 4.214 ↑
Thermo-sensation J/cm2 s 0.105 0.100 −47.619 ↑
Air permeability mm/s 1594.56 1631.06 2.29 ↑
Water vapor transmission g/m2 h 48.41 46.37 −4.21 ↓

Besides the HV, the clothing comfort of costume textiles is also closely related to water vapor transmission and air permeability and is strongly influenced by the construction (such as pore size) and surface properties of fibers. The water vapor transmission and air permeability are considered the determining factors of the “breathability” of clothing textiles. For PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics, the high “breathability” of pristine samples indicates the presence of numerous open holes and the moisture absorbability by fibers themselves, which assist the transmission and permeation of water vapor and air through the clothing as presented in Table 1. The slight increase of air permeability (2.29%) of treated samples might be caused by the etching of plasma and increased porosity of fabric. Conversely, the decline of water vapor transmission (−4.21%) of treated samples was caused by the formation of PDMS film, which reduced the conduction and adsorption of water vapor in the fabric. Depending on the wearability test results, we could conclude that plasma treatment had little effect on the wearability of the fabric. It is believed that plasma treatment only modifies several molecular layers (about 10–20 nm) of fabric surface, without changing the bulk properties of the fabric (29).

4 Conclusion

In this article, a stable PDMS-coated super-hydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric treated by argon combined capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) was fabricated, and the relationship between RF power and the properties of plasma polymerized PDMS film was also discussed. It was observed that the best hydrophobicity was obtained at the power of 100 W and the worst at the power of 250 W. PDMS films polymerized and drafted to the surface under such conditions resulted in hydrophobic surfaces with WCAs of 153.2° and 141.8°, respectively. The surface morphology and chemical composition tests proved that the 100 W modified PDMS-g-PET fabrics had a thin and uniform wrinkled PDMS film drafted to its surface, which equipped it with good water repellency property, washing, and abrasion durability. Besides, super-hydrophobic treatment had little effect on the wearability of PET fabric. All mentioned earlier, a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly fabricating technology was found to obtain a stable robust and comfort super-hydrophobic polyester fabric.

  1. Funding information: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFF0303800).

  2. Author contributions: Liyun Xu: writing – review and editing, original draft, investigation, methodology, formal analysis; Kaifang Xie: validation; Yuegang Liu: supervision; Chengjiao Zhang: visualization, project administration, resources.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Supplementary material: Video presenting the contact state of water flow with PET and PDMS-g-PET fabrics surface.

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Received: 2021-06-17
Revised: 2021-07-12
Accepted: 2021-07-12
Published Online: 2021-09-08

© 2021 Liyun Xu et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  17. Natural rubber latex/MXene foam with robust and multifunctional properties
  18. Rheological properties of two high polymers suspended in an abrasive slurry jet
  19. Two-step polyaniline loading in polyelectrolyte complex membranes for improved pseudo-capacitor electrodes
  20. Preparation and application of carbon and hollow TiO2 microspheres by microwave heating at a low temperature
  21. Properties of a bovine collagen type I membrane for guided bone regeneration applications
  22. Fabrication and characterization of thermoresponsive composite carriers: PNIPAAm-grafted glass spheres
  23. Effect of talc and diatomite on compatible, morphological, and mechanical behavior of PLA/PBAT blends
  24. Multifunctional graphene nanofiller in flame retarded polybutadiene/chloroprene/carbon black composites
  25. Strain-dependent wicking behavior of cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric for sportswear
  26. Enhanced dielectric properties and breakdown strength of polymer/carbon nanotube composites by coating an SrTiO3 layer
  27. Analysis of effect of modification of silica and carbon black co-filled rubber composite on mechanical properties
  28. Polytriazole resins toughened by an azide-terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OADTP)
  29. Phosphine oxide for reducing flammability of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer
  30. Study on preparation and properties of bentonite-modified epoxy sheet molding compound
  31. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-modified phenolic resin: Synthesis and anti-oxidation properties
  32. Study on structure and properties of natural indigo spun-dyed viscose fiber
  33. Biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester elastomers: Methyl branched PBAmT
  34. Investigations of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance service performance using autoclave test under sour medium conditions
  35. Investigation of corrosion and thermal behavior of PU–PDMS-coated AISI 316L
  36. Modification of sodium bicarbonate and its effect on foaming behavior of polypropylene
  37. Effect of coupling agents on the olive pomace-filled polypropylene composite
  38. High strength and conductive hydrogel with fully interpenetrated structure from alginate and acrylamide
  39. Removal of methylene blue in water by electrospun PAN/β-CD nanofibre membrane
  40. Theoretical and experimental studies on the fabrication of cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning nanofibers
  41. Influence of l-quebrachitol on the properties of centrifuged natural rubber
  42. Ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite uniting ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to reinforce protein-based composite films
  43. Experimental study on the dissolution of supercritical CO2 in PS under different agitators
  44. Experimental research on the performance of the thermal-reflective coatings with liquid silicone rubber for pavement applications
  45. Study on controlling nicotine release from snus by the SIPN membranes
  46. Catalase biosensor based on the PAni/cMWCNT support for peroxide sensing
  47. Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol
  48. Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid
  49. Poly(propylene carbonate) networks with excellent properties: Terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and 4,4ʹ-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride
  50. Polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites with high conductivity via solid-state shear mixing
  51. Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete: Finite element simulation and experimental study
  52. Applying design of experiments (DoE) on the properties of buccal film for nicotine delivery
  53. Preparation and characterizations of antibacterial–antioxidant film from soy protein isolate incorporated with mangosteen peel extract
  54. Preparation and adsorption properties of Ni(ii) ion-imprinted polymers based on synthesized novel functional monomer
  55. Rare-earth doped radioluminescent hydrogel as a potential phantom material for 3D gel dosimeter
  56. Effects of cryogenic treatment and interface modifications of basalt fibre on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibre-reinforced composites
  57. Stable super-hydrophobic and comfort PDMS-coated polyester fabric
  58. Impact of a nanomixture of carbon black and clay on the mechanical properties of a series of irradiated natural rubber/butyl rubber blend
  59. Preparation and characterization of a novel composite membrane of natural silk fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan for guided bone tissue regeneration
  60. Study on the thermal properties and insulation resistance of epoxy resin modified by hexagonal boron nitride
  61. A new method for plugging the dominant seepage channel after polymer flooding and its mechanism: Fracturing–seepage–plugging
  62. Analysis of the rheological property and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D) at different process temperatures
  63. Hybrid green organic/inorganic filler polypropylene composites: Morphological study and mechanical performance investigations
  64. In situ polymerization of PEDOT:PSS films based on EMI-TFSI and the analysis of electrochromic performance
  65. Effect of laser irradiation on morphology and dielectric properties of quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite
  66. The optimization of Carreau model and rheological behavior of alumina/linear low-density polyethylene composites with different alumina content and diameter
  67. Properties of polyurethane foam with fourth-generation blowing agent
  68. Hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of waterborne fluorinated acrylate/silica nanocomposite coatings
  69. Investigation on in situ silica dispersed in natural rubber latex matrix combined with spray sputtering technology
  70. The degradable time evaluation of degradable polymer film in agriculture based on polyethylene film experiments
  71. Improving mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the parylene C film by UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coating
  72. Thermal conductivity of silicone elastomer with a porous alumina continuum
  73. Copolymerization of CO2, propylene oxide, and itaconic anhydride with double metal cyanide complex catalyst to form crosslinked polypropylene carbonate
  74. Combining good dispersion with tailored charge trapping in nanodielectrics by hybrid functionalization of silica
  75. Thermosensitive hydrogel for in situ-controlled methotrexate delivery
  76. Analysis of the aging mechanism and life evaluation of elastomers in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell environments
  77. The crystallization and mechanical properties of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) hard elastic film with different melt draw ratios
  78. Review Articles
  79. Aromatic polyamide nonporous membranes for gas separation application
  80. Optical elements from 3D printed polymers
  81. Evidence for bicomponent fibers: A review
  82. Mapping the scientific research on the ionizing radiation impacts on polymers (1975–2019)
  83. Recent advances in compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
  84. Topical Issue: (Micro)plastics pollution - Knowns and unknows (Guest Editor: João Pinto da Costa)
  85. Simple pyrolysis of polystyrene into valuable chemicals
  86. Topical Issue: Recent advances of chitosan- and cellulose-based materials: From production to application (Guest Editor: Marc Delgado-Aguilar)
  87. In situ photo-crosslinking hydrogel with rapid healing, antibacterial, and hemostatic activities
  88. A novel CT contrast agent for intestinal-targeted imaging through rectal administration
  89. Properties and applications of cellulose regenerated from cellulose/imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent solutions: A short review
  90. Towards the use of acrylic acid graft-copolymerized plant biofiber in sustainable fortified composites: Manufacturing and characterization
https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0059
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
super-hydrophobic; plasma crosslinking; washing durability; abrasion resistance; wearability
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Research on the mechanism of gel accelerator on gel transition of PAN solution by rheology and dynamic light scattering
  3. Gel point determination of gellan biopolymer gel from DC electrical conductivity
  4. Composite of polylactic acid and microcellulose from kombucha membranes
  5. Synthesis of highly branched water-soluble polyester and its surface sizing agent strengthening mechanism
  6. Fabrication and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) modified with nano-montmorillonite biocomposite
  7. Fabrication of N-halamine polyurethane films with excellent antibacterial properties
  8. Formulation and optimization of gastroretentive bilayer tablets of calcium carbonate using D-optimal mixture design
  9. Sustainable nanocomposite films based on SiO2 and biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) for food packaging
  10. Evaluation of physicochemical properties of film-based alginate for food packing applications
  11. Electrically conductive and light-weight branched polylactic acid-based carbon nanotube foams
  12. Structuring of hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane filled by fumed silica
  13. Surface functionalization of nanostructured Cu/Ag-deposited polypropylene fiber by magnetron sputtering
  14. Influence of composite structure design on the ablation performance of ethylene propylene diene monomer composites
  15. MOFs/PVA hybrid membranes with enhanced mechanical and ion-conductive properties
  16. Improvement of the electromechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite by ionic liquid modified multiwall carbon nanotubes
  17. Natural rubber latex/MXene foam with robust and multifunctional properties
  18. Rheological properties of two high polymers suspended in an abrasive slurry jet
  19. Two-step polyaniline loading in polyelectrolyte complex membranes for improved pseudo-capacitor electrodes
  20. Preparation and application of carbon and hollow TiO2 microspheres by microwave heating at a low temperature
  21. Properties of a bovine collagen type I membrane for guided bone regeneration applications
  22. Fabrication and characterization of thermoresponsive composite carriers: PNIPAAm-grafted glass spheres
  23. Effect of talc and diatomite on compatible, morphological, and mechanical behavior of PLA/PBAT blends
  24. Multifunctional graphene nanofiller in flame retarded polybutadiene/chloroprene/carbon black composites
  25. Strain-dependent wicking behavior of cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric for sportswear
  26. Enhanced dielectric properties and breakdown strength of polymer/carbon nanotube composites by coating an SrTiO3 layer
  27. Analysis of effect of modification of silica and carbon black co-filled rubber composite on mechanical properties
  28. Polytriazole resins toughened by an azide-terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OADTP)
  29. Phosphine oxide for reducing flammability of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer
  30. Study on preparation and properties of bentonite-modified epoxy sheet molding compound
  31. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-modified phenolic resin: Synthesis and anti-oxidation properties
  32. Study on structure and properties of natural indigo spun-dyed viscose fiber
  33. Biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester elastomers: Methyl branched PBAmT
  34. Investigations of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance service performance using autoclave test under sour medium conditions
  35. Investigation of corrosion and thermal behavior of PU–PDMS-coated AISI 316L
  36. Modification of sodium bicarbonate and its effect on foaming behavior of polypropylene
  37. Effect of coupling agents on the olive pomace-filled polypropylene composite
  38. High strength and conductive hydrogel with fully interpenetrated structure from alginate and acrylamide
  39. Removal of methylene blue in water by electrospun PAN/β-CD nanofibre membrane
  40. Theoretical and experimental studies on the fabrication of cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning nanofibers
  41. Influence of l-quebrachitol on the properties of centrifuged natural rubber
  42. Ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite uniting ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to reinforce protein-based composite films
  43. Experimental study on the dissolution of supercritical CO2 in PS under different agitators
  44. Experimental research on the performance of the thermal-reflective coatings with liquid silicone rubber for pavement applications
  45. Study on controlling nicotine release from snus by the SIPN membranes
  46. Catalase biosensor based on the PAni/cMWCNT support for peroxide sensing
  47. Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol
  48. Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid
  49. Poly(propylene carbonate) networks with excellent properties: Terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and 4,4ʹ-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride
  50. Polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites with high conductivity via solid-state shear mixing
  51. Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete: Finite element simulation and experimental study
  52. Applying design of experiments (DoE) on the properties of buccal film for nicotine delivery
  53. Preparation and characterizations of antibacterial–antioxidant film from soy protein isolate incorporated with mangosteen peel extract
  54. Preparation and adsorption properties of Ni(ii) ion-imprinted polymers based on synthesized novel functional monomer
  55. Rare-earth doped radioluminescent hydrogel as a potential phantom material for 3D gel dosimeter
  56. Effects of cryogenic treatment and interface modifications of basalt fibre on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibre-reinforced composites
  57. Stable super-hydrophobic and comfort PDMS-coated polyester fabric
  58. Impact of a nanomixture of carbon black and clay on the mechanical properties of a series of irradiated natural rubber/butyl rubber blend
  59. Preparation and characterization of a novel composite membrane of natural silk fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan for guided bone tissue regeneration
  60. Study on the thermal properties and insulation resistance of epoxy resin modified by hexagonal boron nitride
  61. A new method for plugging the dominant seepage channel after polymer flooding and its mechanism: Fracturing–seepage–plugging
  62. Analysis of the rheological property and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D) at different process temperatures
  63. Hybrid green organic/inorganic filler polypropylene composites: Morphological study and mechanical performance investigations
  64. In situ polymerization of PEDOT:PSS films based on EMI-TFSI and the analysis of electrochromic performance
  65. Effect of laser irradiation on morphology and dielectric properties of quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite
  66. The optimization of Carreau model and rheological behavior of alumina/linear low-density polyethylene composites with different alumina content and diameter
  67. Properties of polyurethane foam with fourth-generation blowing agent
  68. Hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of waterborne fluorinated acrylate/silica nanocomposite coatings
  69. Investigation on in situ silica dispersed in natural rubber latex matrix combined with spray sputtering technology
  70. The degradable time evaluation of degradable polymer film in agriculture based on polyethylene film experiments
  71. Improving mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the parylene C film by UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coating
  72. Thermal conductivity of silicone elastomer with a porous alumina continuum
  73. Copolymerization of CO2, propylene oxide, and itaconic anhydride with double metal cyanide complex catalyst to form crosslinked polypropylene carbonate
  74. Combining good dispersion with tailored charge trapping in nanodielectrics by hybrid functionalization of silica
  75. Thermosensitive hydrogel for in situ-controlled methotrexate delivery
  76. Analysis of the aging mechanism and life evaluation of elastomers in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell environments
  77. The crystallization and mechanical properties of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) hard elastic film with different melt draw ratios
  78. Review Articles
  79. Aromatic polyamide nonporous membranes for gas separation application
  80. Optical elements from 3D printed polymers
  81. Evidence for bicomponent fibers: A review
  82. Mapping the scientific research on the ionizing radiation impacts on polymers (1975–2019)
  83. Recent advances in compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
  84. Topical Issue: (Micro)plastics pollution - Knowns and unknows (Guest Editor: João Pinto da Costa)
  85. Simple pyrolysis of polystyrene into valuable chemicals
  86. Topical Issue: Recent advances of chitosan- and cellulose-based materials: From production to application (Guest Editor: Marc Delgado-Aguilar)
  87. In situ photo-crosslinking hydrogel with rapid healing, antibacterial, and hemostatic activities
  88. A novel CT contrast agent for intestinal-targeted imaging through rectal administration
  89. Properties and applications of cellulose regenerated from cellulose/imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent solutions: A short review
  90. Towards the use of acrylic acid graft-copolymerized plant biofiber in sustainable fortified composites: Manufacturing and characterization
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