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Investigation of genotype diversity of 7,804 norovirus sequences in humans and animals of China

  • Manyu Li EMAIL logo , Kejian Li , Haiyun Lan , Xiaotian Hao , Yan Liu and Cheng Zhou EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 7, 2022
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

Norovirus is a prominent enteric virus responsible for severe acute gastroenteritis disease burden worldwide. In our current study, we analyzed 7,804 norovirus sequences of human and animals in China which were detected from 1980 to 2020 from GenBank. The GenBank database was searched up to May 2021 with the following search terms: “norovirus” or “norwalk virus” and “China.” The 7,804 norovirus sequences were collected and evaluated by phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X software package. The online typing tool (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used to confirm the genotypes. There were 36 norovirus genotypes prevailing in China. GII.4 was the most prevalent genotype, and GII.2, GII.3 and GII.17 also emerged during different time periods. Most sequences were detected in East China (41.72%, 3,256/7,804), but different norovirus genotypes were distributed widely across the country. A variety of norovirus genotypes, including GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, GVII and GX, were reported in different animals. Furthermore, a GI.3 sequence detected from animal had high identity with norovirus detected in human from the same region, indicating the potential norovirus zoonotic transmission in China. In conclusion, these results indicated that norovirus sequences with considerable genetic diversity distributed widely in China, with potential reverse zoonotic transmission from human to animals.

Keywords: genotype diversity; norovirus; zoonosis

1 Introduction

Norovirus is a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic nonbacterial gastroenteritis of all age groups worldwide, with an estimated 684 million cases annually resulting in 212,000 deaths [1–3]. Its infection can be serious in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals [4]. Norovirus is a single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus, which belongs to the Caliciviridae family [5]. Currently, it can be divided into at least ten genogroups (GI–GX) and 48 genotypes, of which GI, GII, GIV, GVIII and GIX infect humans [6]. Despite its high degree of diversity, GII.4 is the predominant genotype detected in norovirus outbreaks worldwide [7]. But other genotypes have emerged in some regions of the world [8,9]. It is reported that norovirus infection accounted for 32.21% of all-age patients with acute diarrhea conducted in China, playing a significant role in the etiology of diarrhea [10]. Therefore, it is essential to understand the genotype diversity, dominant variants and variant replacement patterns of norovirus in China, which is valuable for taking preventive measures.

Animal noroviruses have been found in a wide range of hosts, including pigs, cattle, dogs, cats foxes, raccoon dogs, yaks and so on [11–14]. The interspecies transmission of noroviruses is not well understood and the detection of human-like norovirus genotypes in some farm animals, wild animals and pets, indicating the possible zoonotic transmission [15]. Therefore, the virus diversity, geographic distribution and probability of interspecies transmission of norovirus infections of animals in China need to be investigated.

Some studies have been done to investigate the phylogeography of norovirus in China [16–19]. However, there has been no detailed report about the overall genotype diversity of norovirus of both human and animals and the possibility of zoonosis transmission in China during the past 20 years. In this study, we retrieved 7,673 human norovirus sequences and 131 animal norovirus sequences detected in China from GenBank. By analyzing these sequences, we aimed to summarize the molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in China, the geographical and temporal distribution of the different genotypes across the country and the potential interspecies transmission of norovirus.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Norovirus sequences search and retrieve strategy

The GenBank database was searched up to May 2021 with the following search terms: “norovirus” or “norwalk virus” and “China.” Sequences which contain the capsid region (ORF2) with isolation time and region were included. Other sequences were excluded. A total of 7,804 norovirus sequences including 7,673 human norovirus sequences and 131 animal norovirus sequences were retrieved. These sequences were detected in China from 1980 to 2020. Of all the 7,804 sequences, 166 sequences were complete genome sequences and 7,638 sequences were partial genome sequences (fragment sizes ranging from 218 to 7,238 bp). Of the 131 animal sequences, 71 were from cattle, 8 were from mouse, 2 were from rhesus monkey, 33 were from dog, 2 were from yak, 2 were from bat, 3 were from pig, 2 were from rat, 7 were from cat and 1 was from chimp.

The geographic regions were divided into East China, South China, North China, Southwest China, Northeast China, Central China and Northwest China. East China includes Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian and Taiwan; South China includes Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong and Macau; North China includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia; Southwest China includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet; Northeast China includes Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin; Central China includes Henan, Hubei and Hunan; Northwest China includes Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

2.2 Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis

The online typing tool (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used to confirm the genotypes [20]. Nucleotide sequences were aligned and analyzed by the MEGA X software package (version X, www.megasoftware.net). The alignment of all sequences was performed by Clustal X of MEGA X software and then amended manually. The compatible nucleotide substitution model (GTR + I + G) was determined by Modeltest v. 3.7 [21]. The phylogenetic tree of animal norovirus sequences was constructed based on the partial ORF2 region (218 bp). Reference sequences belonging to different genotypes were obtained from previous reference for comparison in this study (Table S1) [6]. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method in MEGA X. One thousand bootstrap replicates were used to calculate the percentages of the branches obtained. Bootstrap values which were more than 70% were shown and were regarded as the evidence of a phylogenetic grouping. If more than two sequences which were published in the same study and classified into the same sub-genotypes, only one sequence was listed on the dendrogram in this study to make the data easier to recognize. After the lengths of the sequences were adjusted to the same, the nucleotide identity comparisons were performed by NCBI Blast website (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi).

3 Results

3.1 Phylogenetic analysis of human and animal norovirus sequences from China

The results showed that human norovirus sequences from China were all classified into GI (405 sequences), GII (7,259 sequences), GIX (8 sequences) and GIV (1 sequence) (Table 1). Among these, human norovirus sequences which belonged to GI can be further divided into GI.1, GI.2, GI.3, GI.4, GI.5, GI.6, GI.7, GI.8 and GI.9. Human norovirus sequences which belonged to GII can be further classified into GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.5, GII.6, GII.7, GII.8, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14, GII.16, GII.17, GII.20 and GII.21. GIV belonged to GIV.1 and GIX belonged to GIX.1.

Table 1

Genotypes of human norovirus sequences from China

Genotype (number) Number of sequences
GI (405) GI.1 21
GI.2 108
GI.3 84
GI.4 32
GI.5 41
GI.6 86
GI.7 9
GI.8 11
GI.9 13
GII (7,259) GII.1 20
GII.2 820
GII.3 821
GII.4 3,067
GII.5 10
GII.6 212
GII.7 18
GII.8 34
GII.12 143
GII.13 290
GII.14 24
GII.16 1
GII.17 1,364
GII.20 2
GII.21 433
GIV (1) GIV.1 1
GIX (8) GIX.1 8

Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed, we found that norovirus detected in animals of China belonged to GI (1 sequence), GII (5 sequences), GIII (73 sequences), GIV (9 sequences), GV (10 sequences), GVI (28 sequences), GVII (3 sequences) and GX (2 sequences) (Figure 1). Of these sequences, GI can be divided into GI.3, GII can be divided into GII.17 and GII.11, GIII can be classified into GIII.1 and GIII.2, GIV belonged to GIV.2, GV can be divided into GV.1 and GV.2 and GVI can be classified into GVI.1 and GVI.2. GVII and GX can be divided into GVII.1 and GX.1, respectively. Cattle norovirus mainly belonged to GIII.1 and GIII.2, and yak norovirus were all classified into GIII.2. Mouse norovirus all belonged to GV.1 and rat norovirus all belonged to GV.2. Dog norovirus can be classified into GIV.2, GVI.1, GVI.2 and GVII.1. Cat norovirus all belonged to GIV.2. Monkey norovirus were divided into GII.17 and chimp norovirus was GI.3. Pig norovirus belonged to GII.11and bat norovirus belonged to GX.1.

Figure 1 Phylogenetic trees representing animal norovirus genotypes. If more than two sequences which were published in the same study and classified into the same genotypes, only one sequence was listed on the dendrogram in this study. Bootstrap values which were less than 70% are not shown. The potential genotypic designations are shown outside of the square bars. ORF2 (capsid) regions of the sequences are compared and shown. ● represents the sequences from animals. The sequences without ● are the reference sequences.
Figure 1

Phylogenetic trees representing animal norovirus genotypes. If more than two sequences which were published in the same study and classified into the same genotypes, only one sequence was listed on the dendrogram in this study. Bootstrap values which were less than 70% are not shown. The potential genotypic designations are shown outside of the square bars. ORF2 (capsid) regions of the sequences are compared and shown. ● represents the sequences from animals. The sequences without ● are the reference sequences.

3.2 Geographic and temporal distribution of norovirus genotypes in China

Norovirus genotypes are distributed widely in China (Table 2). Among all the norovirus sequences, most sequences were detected in East China (43.31%, 3,380/7,804), followed by South China (24.83%, 1,938/7,804) and North China (20.89%, 1,630/7,804). Most of GI and GII sequences were also detected in East China. GIV sequence was detected in North and Southwest China. GIX.1 sequences were detected in East China, Southwest China, South China and Central China. GIII sequences were mostly detected in Southwest China. Most of GV sequences were detected in North China and most of GVI sequences were detected in Southwest China. Some genotypes of norovirus were mainly confined to certain areas, such as GX.1 was only reported in East and Southwest China.

Table 2

Norovirus genotypes geographic distribution in China

Genotype (number) Region (percentage)
North China (%) Northeast China (%) East China (%) Central China (%) South China (%) Southwest China (%) Northwest China (%)
GI.1 (21) — — 71.43 — 28.57 — —
GI.2 (108) 20.37 12.96 39.81 2.78 12.96 — 11.11
GI.3 (85) 34.12 — 43.53 2.35 18.82 1.18 —
GI.4 (32) 18.75 3.13 56.25 6.25 12.50 3.13 —
GI.5 (41) 2.44 — 80.49 — 14.63 2.44 —
GI.6 (86) 4.65 — 76.74 — 16.28 2.33 —
GI.7 (9) — 88.89 — 11.11 — —
GI.8 (11) 9.09 — 72.73 — 18.18 — —
GI.9 (13) 38.46 — 46.15 — 15.38 — —
GII.1 (20) 15.00 — 80.00 — 5.00 — —
GII.2 (820) 11.34 0.37 35.37 18.29 23.78 8.17 3.05
GII.3 (821) 56.47 0.12 24.00 4.51 12.18 0.85 —
GII.4 (3,067) 24.36 1.96 38.93 1.27 31.92 2.87 0.65
GII.5 (10) 10.00 — 70.00 — 20.00 — —
GII.6 (212) 12.26 — 58.96 6.13 12.26 4.25 6.13
GII.7 (18) 22.22 — 44.44 5.56 16.67 11.11 —
GII.8 (34) 2.94 — 11.76 — 85.29 — —
GII.11 (3) 100 — — — — — —
GII.12 (143) 77.62 — 14.69 4.20 2.10 1.40 —
GII.13 (290) 4.14 — 38.62 0.69 4.14 52.41 —
GII.14 (24) 8.33 — 62.50 8.33 12.50 8.33 —
GII.16 (1) 100 — — — — —
GII.17 (1,366) 2.12 1.76 55.86 5.93 36.02 0.07 —
GII.20 (2) 100 — — — — — —
GII.21 (433) 9.24 — 86.14 — 4.62 — —
GIII.1 (68) — — — — — 100 —
GIII.2 (5) 20.00 — — 20.00 — 40.00 20.00
GIV.1 (1) 100 —
GIV.2 (9) — — — — — 100 —
GV.1 (8) 50.00 — 37.50 — 12.50 — —
GV.2 (2) — — — — 100 — —
GVI.1 (2) — — — — — 100 —
GVI.2 (26) — — — — — 100 —
GVII.1 (3) 100
GIX.1 (8) 37.50 — — 25.00 12.50 25.00
GX.1 (2) — — 50.00 — — 50.00 —

Figure 2, Tables S2 and S3 show the dynamic temporal change of human norovirus genotypes. As time progressed, the diversity of norovirus genotypes expanded. In 1980 and 2002, the most prevalent genotypes were GII.20 (100%) and GI.4 (80.00%), respectively. GII.4 was the most prevalent genotype between 2004 and 2014. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, GII.17 (42.53%), GII.21 (25.33%) and GII.2 (56.72%) were the most predominant genotypes, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, GII.4 genotype was the most prevalent genotype. In 2020, GII.2 was the most prevalent genotype (85.11%).

Figure 2 Temporal distribution of genotypes of human norovirus sequences in China. Different colors represent different genotypes of norovirus.
Figure 2

Temporal distribution of genotypes of human norovirus sequences in China. Different colors represent different genotypes of norovirus.

3.3 Potential norovirus zoonotic transmission in China

To investigate the potential zoonotic transmission of norovirus, we compared the identity of animal and human norovirus nucleotide sequences detected in the same geographical areas. The results showed that the chimp norovirus (KX396056) had the highest sequences/amino acid identity (84.7%) with the human GI.3 (KP753280), indicating the potential cross-species transmission between humans and animals in China.

4 Discussion

Norovirus outbreaks have been frequently reported in China and have caused a considerable disease burden [22]. Although there have been some studies about the phylogeography of norovirus in China [16–19], no study has summarized the overall genotype diversity of both human and animal norovirus and their potential zoonosis transmission in China during the past 20 years. Our study showed that the genotypes of norovirus in China included GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, GIX and GX. The percentages of GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, GIX and GX were 5.20% (406/7,804), 93.08% (7,264/7,804), 0.94% (73/7,804), 0.13% (10/7,804), 0.13% (10/7,804), 0.40% (31/7,804), 0.10% (8/7,804) and 0.03% (2/7,804), respectively, showing that GII was the most popular norovirus genotype in China. The results also showed that there were 36 genotypes throughout China. Among all genotypes, GII.4 (3,067/7,804, 39.30%), GII.17 (1,364/7,804, 17.48%), GII.2 (820/7,804, 10.51%) and GII.3 (821/7,804, 10.52%) were the predominant genotypes. This was in consistent with the global distribution of norovirus genotypes, whose predominant genotype is GII.4 and has been responsible for approximately 50% of outbreaks during the past several decades [23]. However, we found that GII.17, GII.2 and GII.3 also played an important role in the norovirus disease burden in China. Some studies predicted that these sequences may end the GII.4 era [24], but our study showed that GII.4 was still the most prevalent genotype and whether other genotypes can replace its predominance remains to be monitored.

In the present study, the results suggested that norovirus genotypes were detected in all seven regions of China, with most sequences detected in East China (43.31%, 3,380/7,804). This may be related with the local concerns, eating habits and geographic characteristics of East China. Among the predominant genotypes, most of GII.4 (38.93%), GII.2 (35.37%) and GII.17 (55.86%) were detected in East China and most of GII.3 (56.47%) were detected in North China, indicating that different predominant genotypes were circulating in different regions. This may be explained by the particularity of transmission of different genotypes and where the outbreaks occurred [25]. The temporal analysis of these human norovirus sequences suggested that the diversity of genotypes increased during the past 20 years. GII.4 has been particularly prevalent since 2002, and other genotypes (GII.17, GII.21 and GII.2) also became prevalent as time went by. The reason for the change of norovirus genotype among humans in China may be partly due to several outbreaks of different genotypes [26–29]. Although the sequences searched from GenBank in this study were affected by surveillance bias towards different regions, these results provided evidence that new norovirus genotypes continue to emerge and the differences in strain transmission remain unclear.

A variety of norovirus genotypes were obtained from animals in China, including cattle, mouse, rhesus monkey, dog, yak, bat, pig, rat, cat and chimp. GI and GII were mainly found in rhesus monkey, chimp and pig. GIII.1 and GIII.2 were all detected in cattle and yak. GIV was detected in dog and cat. GV.1 was detected in mouse and GV.2 was detected in rat. Both GVI.1 and GVI.2 were detected in dog. Besides, the norovirus sequences detected in bat all belonged to GX.1. We further aimed to investigate whether norovirus can jump the species barrier. The norovirus detected in chimps, which belonged to GI.3, showed high identity with human norovirus detected in the same regions, indicating the possibility of cross-species transmission. However, sequences detected in other animals, such as pigs, cattle, dogs and so on, did not show high identity with human norovirus in China. The norovirus sequence detected in chimps (GenBank No. KX396056) which belonged to GI.3 was detected from diarrheic chimps, indicating that human norovirus can cause symptoms in animals. Some phylogenetic analysis of noroviruses in animals showed that there may be an interspecies transmission of noroviruses [30]. To date, there is a lack of research on animal norovirus’s detection in human stool but it has been shown that human noroviruses could infect livestock animals such as pigs [31–34]. Our study indicated that human norovirus might be a reverse zoonosis pathogen, since the results showed that human noroviruses were detected in animals than the reverse. However, results in this study only indicated the zoonotic potential by comparing the identity of sequences and whether norovirus is a zoonotic or reverse zoonotic pathogen still remains to be further investigated.

In conclusion, human and animal noroviruses are widespread in China. This study has several limitations: (a) the sequences searched from GenBank were related with the local concern and number of studies, which cannot represent the whole temporal and geographical distribution of epidemic virology; (b) there is a possibility that there were missing sequences because their information did not contain the keywords. But this study still provided the genotype diversity of both human and animal noroviruses to some extent. The predominance of norovirus GII.4 is very clear, with a great diversity of genotypes circulating at a low frequency. Human norovirus might be a reverse zoonosis pathogen and the zoonosis still needs further investigation.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: M.L. and C.Z. conceived and designed the project. M.L. and K.L. collected the data. M.L. performed the interpretation of data. M.L., H.L., X.H. and Y.L. performed the statistical analysis. M.L. wrote the manuscript. C.Z. revised the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2022-04-23
Revised: 2022-09-04
Accepted: 2022-09-14
Published Online: 2022-11-07

© 2022 Manyu Li et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  3. The mother of all battles: Viruses vs humans. Can humans avoid extinction in 50–100 years?
  4. Knockdown of G1P3 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  5. LINC00665 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating mRNA via the m6A enzyme
  6. Association study of CLDN14 variations in patients with kidney stones
  7. Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis model in mice: Mechanisms and future outlook
  8. Regulation of miR-30b in cancer development, apoptosis, and drug resistance
  9. Informatic analysis of the pulmonary microecology in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at three different stages
  10. Swimming attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice and suppresses angiogenesis by mediating the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway
  11. Characterization of intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites in patients with mild hepatic encephalopathy
  12. Functional conservation and divergence in plant-specific GRF gene family revealed by sequences and expression analysis
  13. Application of the FLP/LoxP-FRT recombination system to switch the eGFP expression in a model prokaryote
  14. Biomedical evaluation of antioxidant properties of lamb meat enriched with iodine and selenium
  15. Intravenous infusion of the exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury via suppressing the NF-κB pathway
  16. Effect of dietary pattern on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance
  17. Potential regulatory mechanism of TNF-α/TNFR1/ANXA1 in glioma cells and its role in glioma cell proliferation
  18. Effect of the genetic mutant G71R in uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 on the conjugation of bilirubin
  19. Quercetin inhibits cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid-beta 25–35 via stimulating estrogen receptor α, activating ERK1/2, and inhibiting apoptosis
  20. Nutrition intervention in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients
  21. circ-CFH promotes the development of HCC by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and glycolysis through the miR-377-3p/RNF38 axis
  22. Bmi-1 directly upregulates glucose transporter 1 in human gastric adenocarcinoma
  23. Lacunar infarction aggravates the cognitive deficit in the elderly with white matter lesion
  24. Hydroxysafflor yellow A improved retinopathy via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats
  25. Comparison of axon extension: PTFE versus PLA formed by a 3D printer
  26. Elevated IL-35 level and iTr35 subset increase the bacterial burden and lung lesions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice
  27. A case report of CAT gene and HNF1β gene variations in a patient with early-onset diabetes
  28. Study on the mechanism of inhibiting patulin production by fengycin
  29. SOX4 promotes high-glucose-induced inflammation and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  30. Relationship between blood clots and COVID-19 vaccines: A literature review
  31. Analysis of genetic characteristics of 436 children with dysplasia and detailed analysis of rare karyotype
  32. Bioinformatics network analyses of growth differentiation factor 11
  33. NR4A1 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells: Involvement of TGF-β–Smad2/3/4–ZEB signaling
  34. Expression of Zeb1 in the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell
  35. Study on the genetic damage caused by cadmium sulfide quantum dots in human lymphocytes
  36. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of NKX2.5 and congenital heart disease in Chinese population: A meta-analysis
  37. Assessment of the anesthetic effect of modified pentothal sodium solution on Sprague-Dawley rats
  38. Genetic susceptibility to high myopia in Han Chinese population
  39. Potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia progression
  40. Silencing circular RNA-friend leukemia virus integration 1 restrained malignancy of CC cells and oxaliplatin resistance by disturbing dyskeratosis congenita 1
  41. Endostar plus pembrolizumab combined with a platinum-based dual chemotherapy regime for advanced pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as a first-line treatment: A case report
  42. The significance of PAK4 in signaling and clinicopathology: A review
  43. Sorafenib inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and mobility and induces radiosensitivity by targeting the tumor cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  44. Characterization of rabbit polyclonal antibody against camel recombinant nanobodies
  45. Active legumain promotes invasion and migration of neuroblastoma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition
  46. Effect of cell receptors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: Current insights
  47. MT-12 inhibits the proliferation of bladder cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing autophagy through mitochondrial dysfunction
  48. Study of hsa_circRNA_000121 and hsa_circRNA_004183 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
  49. BuyangHuanwu Decoction attenuates cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via PI3K/AKT/eNOS axis
  50. Effects of the interaction of Notch and TLR4 pathways on inflammation and heart function in septic heart
  51. Monosodium iodoacetate-induced subchondral bone microstructure and inflammatory changes in an animal model of osteoarthritis
  52. A rare presentation of type II Abernethy malformation and nephrotic syndrome: Case report and review
  53. Rapid death due to pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in several weeks: A case report
  54. Hepatoprotective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in non-cancerous hepatic tissues following transcatheter arterial embolization
  55. Correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and primary systemic lupus erythematosus
  56. A novel SLC8A1-ALK fusion in lung adenocarcinoma confers sensitivity to alectinib: A case report
  57. β-Hydroxybutyrate upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of histone deacetylases in hepatocytes
  58. Identification of metabolic genes for the prediction of prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
  59. BTBD10 inhibits glioma tumorigenesis by downregulating cyclin D1 and p-Akt
  60. Mucormycosis co-infection in COVID-19 patients: An update
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A case report
  62. Long non-coding RNA HOXB-AS1 is a prognostic marker and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells’ proliferation and invasion
  63. Preparation and evaluation of LA-PEG-SPION, a targeted MRI contrast agent for liver cancer
  64. Proteomic analysis of the liver regulating lipid metabolism in Chaohu ducks using two-dimensional electrophoresis
  65. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis: A case report
  66. Characterization and evaluation of anti-Salmonella enteritidis activity of indigenous probiotic lactobacilli in mice
  67. Aberrant pulmonary immune response of obese mice to periodontal infection
  68. Bacteriospermia – A formidable player in male subfertility
  69. In silico and in vivo analysis of TIPE1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
  70. Effects of KCa channels on biological behavior of trophoblasts
  71. Interleukin-17A influences the vulnerability rather than the size of established atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
  72. Multiple organ failure and death caused by Staphylococcus aureus hip infection: A case report
  73. Prognostic signature related to the immune environment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
  74. Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports
  75. Neuroprotective effects of crocin and crocin-loaded niosomes against the paraquat-induced oxidative brain damage in rats
  76. Role of MMP-2 and CD147 in kidney fibrosis
  77. Geometric basis of action potential of skeletal muscle cells and neurons
  78. Babesia microti-induced fulminant sepsis in an immunocompromised host: A case report and the case-specific literature review
  79. Role of cerebellar cortex in associative learning and memory in guinea pigs
  80. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technique for diagnosing a specific case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis caused by human herpesvirus 2
  81. Case report: Quadruple primary malignant neoplasms including esophageal, ureteral, and lung in an elderly male
  82. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes angiogenesis in hepatoma carcinoma via the miR-125a-5p/VEGF pathway
  83. Osteogenic differentiation of periodontal membrane stem cells in inflammatory environments
  84. Knockdown of SHMT2 enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to radiotherapy through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  85. Continuous renal replacement therapy combined with double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe lupus complicated by serious bacterial infections in children: A case report
  86. Simultaneous triple primary malignancies, including bladder cancer, lymphoma, and lung cancer, in an elderly male: A case report
  87. Preclinical immunogenicity assessment of a cell-based inactivated whole-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine
  88. One case of iodine-125 therapy – A new minimally invasive treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  89. S1P promotes corneal trigeminal neuron differentiation and corneal nerve repair via upregulating nerve growth factor expression in a mouse model
  90. Early cancer detection by a targeted methylation assay of circulating tumor DNA in plasma
  91. Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis
  92. Evaluation of prognostic markers in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
  93. N6-Methyladenosine-related alternative splicing events play a role in bladder cancer
  94. Characterization of the structural, oxidative, and immunological features of testis tissue from Zucker diabetic fatty rats
  95. Effects of glucose and osmotic pressure on the proliferation and cell cycle of human chorionic trophoblast cells
  96. Investigation of genotype diversity of 7,804 norovirus sequences in humans and animals of China
  97. Characteristics and karyotype analysis of a patient with turner syndrome complicated with multiple-site tumors: A case report
  98. Aggravated renal fibrosis is positively associated with the activation of HMGB1-TLR2/4 signaling in STZ-induced diabetic mice
  99. Distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in false-positive results detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay
  100. SRPX2 attenuated oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury in cardiomyocytes via alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis
  101. Aquaporin-8 overexpression is involved in vascular structure and function changes in placentas of gestational diabetes mellitus patients
  102. Relationship between CRP gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  103. Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats
  104. Cloning and identification of the CTLA-4IgV gene and functional application of vaccine in Xinjiang sheep
  105. Antitumor activity of RUNX3: Upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
  106. PHF8 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in old rat with osteoporosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  107. A review of the current state of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for breast cancer diagnosis
  108. Bilateral dacryoadenitis in adult-onset Still’s disease: A case report
  109. A novel association between Bmi-1 protein expression and the SUVmax obtained by 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma
  110. The role of erythrocytes and erythroid progenitor cells in tumors
  111. Relationship between platelet activation markers and spontaneous abortion: A meta-analysis
  112. Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects
  113. Silencing TLR4 using an ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-based shRNA system reduces ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats
  114. Plant Sciences
  115. Seasonal succession of bacterial communities in cultured Caulerpa lentillifera detected by high-throughput sequencing
  116. Cloning and prokaryotic expression of WRKY48 from Caragana intermedia
  117. Novel Brassica hybrids with different resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans reveal unbalanced rDNA signal patterns
  118. Application of exogenous auxin and gibberellin regulates the bolting of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
  119. Phytoremediation of pollutants from wastewater: A concise review
  120. Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in the sweet potato wild ancestor Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.)
  121. Alleviative effects of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the physiological toxicity of 3-nitrophenol to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
  122. Selection and functional identification of Dof genes expressed in response to nitrogen in Populus simonii × Populus nigra
  123. Study on pecan seed germination influenced by seed endocarp
  124. Identification of active compounds in Ophiopogonis Radix from different geographical origins by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with GC-MS approaches
  125. The entire chloroplast genome sequence of Asparagus cochinchinensis and genetic comparison to Asparagus species
  126. Genome-wide identification of MAPK family genes and their response to abiotic stresses in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
  127. Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of different organs at various development stages in Caragana intermedia
  128. Cloning and expression analysis of SERK1 gene in Diospyros lotus
  129. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed coping mechanisms of the edible and medicinal homologous plant Plantago asiatica L. cadmium resistance
  130. A missense variant in NCF1 is associated with susceptibility to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
  131. Assessment of drought tolerance indices in faba bean genotypes under different irrigation regimes
  132. The entire chloroplast genome sequence of Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop: Genome structure, gene composition, and phylogenetic analysis in Asparagaceae
  133. Food Science
  134. Dietary food additive monosodium glutamate with or without high-lipid diet induces spleen anomaly: A mechanistic approach on rat model
  135. Binge eating disorder during COVID-19
  136. Potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic animal model
  137. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation
  138. Physical activity enhances fecal lactobacilli in rats chronically drinking sweetened cola beverage
  139. Supercritical CO2 extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant effects of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin
  140. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders
  141. Effect of selenium and methods of protein extraction on the proteomic profile of Saccharomyces yeast
  142. Microbial diversity of milk ghee in southern Gansu and its effect on the formation of ghee flavor compounds
  143. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  144. Effects of heavy metals on bacterial community surrounding Bijiashan mining area located in northwest China
  145. Microorganism community composition analysis coupling with 15N tracer experiments reveals the nitrification rate and N2O emissions in low pH soils in Southern China
  146. Genetic diversity and population structure of Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte inferred by microsatellites
  147. Preliminary screening of microplastic contamination in different marine fish species of Taif market, Saudi Arabia
  148. Plant volatile organic compounds attractive to Lygus pratensis
  149. Effects of organic materials on soil bacterial community structure in long-term continuous cropping of tomato in greenhouse
  150. Effects of soil treated fungicide fluopimomide on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) disease control and plant growth
  151. Prevalence of Yersinia pestis among rodents captured in a semi-arid tropical ecosystem of south-western Zimbabwe
  152. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on mitigating salt-induced Na+ toxicity and sustaining sea rice growth
  153. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  154. Poly-l-lysine-caused cell adhesion induces pyroptosis in THP-1 monocytes
  155. Development of alkaline phosphatase-scFv and its use for one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for His-tagged protein detection
  156. Development and validation of a predictive model for immune-related genes in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
  157. Agriculture
  158. Effects of chemical-based fertilizer replacement with biochar-based fertilizer on albic soil nutrient content and maize yield
  159. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of CPP-like gene family in Triticum aestivum L. under different hormone and stress conditions
  160. Agronomic and economic performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties in response to rates of blended NPS fertilizer in Kindo Koysha district, Southern Ethiopia
  161. Influence of furrow irrigation regime on the yield and water consumption indicators of winter wheat based on a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
  162. Discovery of exercise-related genes and pathway analysis based on comparative genomes of Mongolian originated Abaga and Wushen horse
  163. Lessons from integrated seasonal forecast-crop modelling in Africa: A systematic review
  164. Evolution trend of soil fertility in tobacco-planting area of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, China
  165. Animal Sciences
  166. Morphological and molecular characterization of Tatera indica Hardwicke 1807 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Pothwar, Pakistan
  167. Research on meat quality of Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep and Small-tail Han sheep
  168. SI: A Scientific Memoir
  169. Suggestions on leading an academic research laboratory group
  170. My scientific genealogy and the Toronto ACDC Laboratory, 1988–2022
  171. Erratum
  172. Erratum to “Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study”
  173. Erratum to “A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer”
  174. Retraction
  175. Retraction of “Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0511
Keywords for this article
genotype diversity; norovirus; zoonosis
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Effects of direct oral anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban on the blood coagulation function in rabbits
  3. The mother of all battles: Viruses vs humans. Can humans avoid extinction in 50–100 years?
  4. Knockdown of G1P3 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  5. LINC00665 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating mRNA via the m6A enzyme
  6. Association study of CLDN14 variations in patients with kidney stones
  7. Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis model in mice: Mechanisms and future outlook
  8. Regulation of miR-30b in cancer development, apoptosis, and drug resistance
  9. Informatic analysis of the pulmonary microecology in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at three different stages
  10. Swimming attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice and suppresses angiogenesis by mediating the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway
  11. Characterization of intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites in patients with mild hepatic encephalopathy
  12. Functional conservation and divergence in plant-specific GRF gene family revealed by sequences and expression analysis
  13. Application of the FLP/LoxP-FRT recombination system to switch the eGFP expression in a model prokaryote
  14. Biomedical evaluation of antioxidant properties of lamb meat enriched with iodine and selenium
  15. Intravenous infusion of the exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury via suppressing the NF-κB pathway
  16. Effect of dietary pattern on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance
  17. Potential regulatory mechanism of TNF-α/TNFR1/ANXA1 in glioma cells and its role in glioma cell proliferation
  18. Effect of the genetic mutant G71R in uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 on the conjugation of bilirubin
  19. Quercetin inhibits cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid-beta 25–35 via stimulating estrogen receptor α, activating ERK1/2, and inhibiting apoptosis
  20. Nutrition intervention in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia patients
  21. circ-CFH promotes the development of HCC by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and glycolysis through the miR-377-3p/RNF38 axis
  22. Bmi-1 directly upregulates glucose transporter 1 in human gastric adenocarcinoma
  23. Lacunar infarction aggravates the cognitive deficit in the elderly with white matter lesion
  24. Hydroxysafflor yellow A improved retinopathy via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats
  25. Comparison of axon extension: PTFE versus PLA formed by a 3D printer
  26. Elevated IL-35 level and iTr35 subset increase the bacterial burden and lung lesions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice
  27. A case report of CAT gene and HNF1β gene variations in a patient with early-onset diabetes
  28. Study on the mechanism of inhibiting patulin production by fengycin
  29. SOX4 promotes high-glucose-induced inflammation and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  30. Relationship between blood clots and COVID-19 vaccines: A literature review
  31. Analysis of genetic characteristics of 436 children with dysplasia and detailed analysis of rare karyotype
  32. Bioinformatics network analyses of growth differentiation factor 11
  33. NR4A1 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells: Involvement of TGF-β–Smad2/3/4–ZEB signaling
  34. Expression of Zeb1 in the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell
  35. Study on the genetic damage caused by cadmium sulfide quantum dots in human lymphocytes
  36. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of NKX2.5 and congenital heart disease in Chinese population: A meta-analysis
  37. Assessment of the anesthetic effect of modified pentothal sodium solution on Sprague-Dawley rats
  38. Genetic susceptibility to high myopia in Han Chinese population
  39. Potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia progression
  40. Silencing circular RNA-friend leukemia virus integration 1 restrained malignancy of CC cells and oxaliplatin resistance by disturbing dyskeratosis congenita 1
  41. Endostar plus pembrolizumab combined with a platinum-based dual chemotherapy regime for advanced pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as a first-line treatment: A case report
  42. The significance of PAK4 in signaling and clinicopathology: A review
  43. Sorafenib inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and mobility and induces radiosensitivity by targeting the tumor cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  44. Characterization of rabbit polyclonal antibody against camel recombinant nanobodies
  45. Active legumain promotes invasion and migration of neuroblastoma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition
  46. Effect of cell receptors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: Current insights
  47. MT-12 inhibits the proliferation of bladder cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing autophagy through mitochondrial dysfunction
  48. Study of hsa_circRNA_000121 and hsa_circRNA_004183 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
  49. BuyangHuanwu Decoction attenuates cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via PI3K/AKT/eNOS axis
  50. Effects of the interaction of Notch and TLR4 pathways on inflammation and heart function in septic heart
  51. Monosodium iodoacetate-induced subchondral bone microstructure and inflammatory changes in an animal model of osteoarthritis
  52. A rare presentation of type II Abernethy malformation and nephrotic syndrome: Case report and review
  53. Rapid death due to pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in several weeks: A case report
  54. Hepatoprotective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in non-cancerous hepatic tissues following transcatheter arterial embolization
  55. Correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and primary systemic lupus erythematosus
  56. A novel SLC8A1-ALK fusion in lung adenocarcinoma confers sensitivity to alectinib: A case report
  57. β-Hydroxybutyrate upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of histone deacetylases in hepatocytes
  58. Identification of metabolic genes for the prediction of prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
  59. BTBD10 inhibits glioma tumorigenesis by downregulating cyclin D1 and p-Akt
  60. Mucormycosis co-infection in COVID-19 patients: An update
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A case report
  62. Long non-coding RNA HOXB-AS1 is a prognostic marker and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells’ proliferation and invasion
  63. Preparation and evaluation of LA-PEG-SPION, a targeted MRI contrast agent for liver cancer
  64. Proteomic analysis of the liver regulating lipid metabolism in Chaohu ducks using two-dimensional electrophoresis
  65. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis: A case report
  66. Characterization and evaluation of anti-Salmonella enteritidis activity of indigenous probiotic lactobacilli in mice
  67. Aberrant pulmonary immune response of obese mice to periodontal infection
  68. Bacteriospermia – A formidable player in male subfertility
  69. In silico and in vivo analysis of TIPE1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
  70. Effects of KCa channels on biological behavior of trophoblasts
  71. Interleukin-17A influences the vulnerability rather than the size of established atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
  72. Multiple organ failure and death caused by Staphylococcus aureus hip infection: A case report
  73. Prognostic signature related to the immune environment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
  74. Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports
  75. Neuroprotective effects of crocin and crocin-loaded niosomes against the paraquat-induced oxidative brain damage in rats
  76. Role of MMP-2 and CD147 in kidney fibrosis
  77. Geometric basis of action potential of skeletal muscle cells and neurons
  78. Babesia microti-induced fulminant sepsis in an immunocompromised host: A case report and the case-specific literature review
  79. Role of cerebellar cortex in associative learning and memory in guinea pigs
  80. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technique for diagnosing a specific case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis caused by human herpesvirus 2
  81. Case report: Quadruple primary malignant neoplasms including esophageal, ureteral, and lung in an elderly male
  82. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes angiogenesis in hepatoma carcinoma via the miR-125a-5p/VEGF pathway
  83. Osteogenic differentiation of periodontal membrane stem cells in inflammatory environments
  84. Knockdown of SHMT2 enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to radiotherapy through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  85. Continuous renal replacement therapy combined with double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe lupus complicated by serious bacterial infections in children: A case report
  86. Simultaneous triple primary malignancies, including bladder cancer, lymphoma, and lung cancer, in an elderly male: A case report
  87. Preclinical immunogenicity assessment of a cell-based inactivated whole-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine
  88. One case of iodine-125 therapy – A new minimally invasive treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  89. S1P promotes corneal trigeminal neuron differentiation and corneal nerve repair via upregulating nerve growth factor expression in a mouse model
  90. Early cancer detection by a targeted methylation assay of circulating tumor DNA in plasma
  91. Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis
  92. Evaluation of prognostic markers in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
  93. N6-Methyladenosine-related alternative splicing events play a role in bladder cancer
  94. Characterization of the structural, oxidative, and immunological features of testis tissue from Zucker diabetic fatty rats
  95. Effects of glucose and osmotic pressure on the proliferation and cell cycle of human chorionic trophoblast cells
  96. Investigation of genotype diversity of 7,804 norovirus sequences in humans and animals of China
  97. Characteristics and karyotype analysis of a patient with turner syndrome complicated with multiple-site tumors: A case report
  98. Aggravated renal fibrosis is positively associated with the activation of HMGB1-TLR2/4 signaling in STZ-induced diabetic mice
  99. Distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in false-positive results detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay
  100. SRPX2 attenuated oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury in cardiomyocytes via alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis
  101. Aquaporin-8 overexpression is involved in vascular structure and function changes in placentas of gestational diabetes mellitus patients
  102. Relationship between CRP gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  103. Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats
  104. Cloning and identification of the CTLA-4IgV gene and functional application of vaccine in Xinjiang sheep
  105. Antitumor activity of RUNX3: Upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
  106. PHF8 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in old rat with osteoporosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  107. A review of the current state of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for breast cancer diagnosis
  108. Bilateral dacryoadenitis in adult-onset Still’s disease: A case report
  109. A novel association between Bmi-1 protein expression and the SUVmax obtained by 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma
  110. The role of erythrocytes and erythroid progenitor cells in tumors
  111. Relationship between platelet activation markers and spontaneous abortion: A meta-analysis
  112. Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects
  113. Silencing TLR4 using an ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-based shRNA system reduces ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats
  114. Plant Sciences
  115. Seasonal succession of bacterial communities in cultured Caulerpa lentillifera detected by high-throughput sequencing
  116. Cloning and prokaryotic expression of WRKY48 from Caragana intermedia
  117. Novel Brassica hybrids with different resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans reveal unbalanced rDNA signal patterns
  118. Application of exogenous auxin and gibberellin regulates the bolting of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
  119. Phytoremediation of pollutants from wastewater: A concise review
  120. Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in the sweet potato wild ancestor Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.)
  121. Alleviative effects of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the physiological toxicity of 3-nitrophenol to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
  122. Selection and functional identification of Dof genes expressed in response to nitrogen in Populus simonii × Populus nigra
  123. Study on pecan seed germination influenced by seed endocarp
  124. Identification of active compounds in Ophiopogonis Radix from different geographical origins by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with GC-MS approaches
  125. The entire chloroplast genome sequence of Asparagus cochinchinensis and genetic comparison to Asparagus species
  126. Genome-wide identification of MAPK family genes and their response to abiotic stresses in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
  127. Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of different organs at various development stages in Caragana intermedia
  128. Cloning and expression analysis of SERK1 gene in Diospyros lotus
  129. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed coping mechanisms of the edible and medicinal homologous plant Plantago asiatica L. cadmium resistance
  130. A missense variant in NCF1 is associated with susceptibility to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
  131. Assessment of drought tolerance indices in faba bean genotypes under different irrigation regimes
  132. The entire chloroplast genome sequence of Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop: Genome structure, gene composition, and phylogenetic analysis in Asparagaceae
  133. Food Science
  134. Dietary food additive monosodium glutamate with or without high-lipid diet induces spleen anomaly: A mechanistic approach on rat model
  135. Binge eating disorder during COVID-19
  136. Potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic animal model
  137. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation
  138. Physical activity enhances fecal lactobacilli in rats chronically drinking sweetened cola beverage
  139. Supercritical CO2 extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant effects of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. oleoresin
  140. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders
  141. Effect of selenium and methods of protein extraction on the proteomic profile of Saccharomyces yeast
  142. Microbial diversity of milk ghee in southern Gansu and its effect on the formation of ghee flavor compounds
  143. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  144. Effects of heavy metals on bacterial community surrounding Bijiashan mining area located in northwest China
  145. Microorganism community composition analysis coupling with 15N tracer experiments reveals the nitrification rate and N2O emissions in low pH soils in Southern China
  146. Genetic diversity and population structure of Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte inferred by microsatellites
  147. Preliminary screening of microplastic contamination in different marine fish species of Taif market, Saudi Arabia
  148. Plant volatile organic compounds attractive to Lygus pratensis
  149. Effects of organic materials on soil bacterial community structure in long-term continuous cropping of tomato in greenhouse
  150. Effects of soil treated fungicide fluopimomide on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) disease control and plant growth
  151. Prevalence of Yersinia pestis among rodents captured in a semi-arid tropical ecosystem of south-western Zimbabwe
  152. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on mitigating salt-induced Na+ toxicity and sustaining sea rice growth
  153. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  154. Poly-l-lysine-caused cell adhesion induces pyroptosis in THP-1 monocytes
  155. Development of alkaline phosphatase-scFv and its use for one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for His-tagged protein detection
  156. Development and validation of a predictive model for immune-related genes in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
  157. Agriculture
  158. Effects of chemical-based fertilizer replacement with biochar-based fertilizer on albic soil nutrient content and maize yield
  159. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of CPP-like gene family in Triticum aestivum L. under different hormone and stress conditions
  160. Agronomic and economic performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties in response to rates of blended NPS fertilizer in Kindo Koysha district, Southern Ethiopia
  161. Influence of furrow irrigation regime on the yield and water consumption indicators of winter wheat based on a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
  162. Discovery of exercise-related genes and pathway analysis based on comparative genomes of Mongolian originated Abaga and Wushen horse
  163. Lessons from integrated seasonal forecast-crop modelling in Africa: A systematic review
  164. Evolution trend of soil fertility in tobacco-planting area of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, China
  165. Animal Sciences
  166. Morphological and molecular characterization of Tatera indica Hardwicke 1807 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Pothwar, Pakistan
  167. Research on meat quality of Qianhua Mutton Merino sheep and Small-tail Han sheep
  168. SI: A Scientific Memoir
  169. Suggestions on leading an academic research laboratory group
  170. My scientific genealogy and the Toronto ACDC Laboratory, 1988–2022
  171. Erratum
  172. Erratum to “Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study”
  173. Erratum to “A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer”
  174. Retraction
  175. Retraction of “Lidocaine has antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via the circ_DYNC1H1/miR-520a-3p/USP14 axis”
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