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On new strong versions of Browder type theorems

  • José Sanabria EMAIL logo , Carlos Carpintero , Jorge Rodríguez , Ennis Rosas and Orlando García
Published/Copyright: April 2, 2018
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Open Mathematics
From the journal Open Mathematics Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

An operator T acting on a Banach space X satisfies the property (UWΠ) if σa(T)∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T), where σa(T) is the approximate point spectrum of T, σSF+−(T) is the upper semi-Weyl spectrum of T and Π(T) the set of all poles of T. In this paper we introduce and study two new spectral properties, namely (VΠ) and (VΠa), in connection with Browder type theorems introduced in [1], [2], [3] and [4]. Among other results, we have that T satisfies property (VΠ) if and only if T satisfies property (UWΠ) and σ(T) = σa(T).

Keywords: Semi-Fredholm operator; Browder’s theorem; property (WΠ); Property (UWΠ); Property (VΠ)
MSC 2010: 47A10; 47A11; 47A53

1 Introduction and preliminaries

Throughout this paper, L(X) denotes the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space X. We refer to [5] for details about notations and terminologies. However, we give the following notations that will be useful in the sequel:

  1. Browder spectrum: σb(T)

  2. Weyl spectrum: σW(T)

  3. Upper semi-Browder spectrum: σub(T)

  4. Upper semi-Weyl spectrum: σSF+−(T)

  5. Drazin invertible spectrum: σD (T)

  6. B-Weyl spectrum: σBW(T)

  7. Left Drazin invertible spectrum: σLD (T)

  8. Upper semi B-Weyl spectrum: σSBF+−(T)

  9. approximate point spectrum: σa(T)

  10. surjectivity spectrum: σs(T)

In this paper, we introduce two new spectral properties of Browder type theorems, namely, the properties (VΠ) and (VΠa), respectively. In addition, we establish the precise relationships between these properties and others variants of Browder’s theorem have been recently introduced in [1], [2], [3] and [4].

Denote by iso K, the set of all isolated points of K ⊆ ℂ. If T ∈ L(X) define

E0(T)={λ∈isoσ(T):0<α(λI−T)<∞},Ea0(T)={λ∈isoσa(T):0<α(λI−T)<∞},E(T)={λ∈isoσ(T):0<α(λI−T)},Ea(T)={λ∈isoσa(T):0<α(λI−T)}.

Also, define

Π0(T)=σ(T)∖σb(T),Πa0(T)=σa(T)∖σub(T),Π(T)=σ(T)∖σD(T),Πa(T)=σa(T)∖σLD(T).

Recall that T ∈ L(X) is said to satisfy a-Browder’s theorem (resp., generalized a-Browder’s theorem) if σa(T)∖ σSF+−(T)=Πa0(T) (resp., σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa(T)). From [6, Theorem 2.2] (see also [7, Theorem 3.2(ii)]), a-Browder’s theorem and generalized a-Browder’s theorem are equivalent. It is well known that a-Browder’s theorem for T implies Browder’s theorem for T, i.e. σ(T)∖σW(T) = Π0(T). Also by [6, Theorem 2.1], Browder’s theorem for T is equivalent to generalized Browder’s theorem for T, i.e. σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Π(T).

Now, we describe several spectral properties introduced recently in [8], [2], [3], [9] and [10].

Definition 1.1

An operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have:

  1. property (gab) [8] if σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Πa(T).

  2. property (az) [9] if σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T)=Πa0(T).

  3. property (gaz) [9] if σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa(T).

  4. property (ah) [10] if σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T)=Πa0(T).

  5. property (gah) [10] if σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa(T).

  6. property (Sb) [2] if σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π0(T).

  7. property (Sab) [3] if σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T)=Πa0 (T).

According to [9, Corollary 3.5], [10, Theorem 2.14] and [10, Corollary 2.15], we have that the properties (az), (gaz), (ah) and (gah) are equivalent. It was proved in [3, Corollary 2.9], that properties (Sb) and (Sab) are equivalent.

2 Properties (VΠ) and (VΠa)

According to [1], T ∈ L(X) has property (WΠ) (resp. property (UWΠa)) if σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Π(T) (resp. σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T)). It was shown in [1, Theorem 2.4] (resp. [1, Theorem 2.2]) that property (WΠ) (resp. (UWΠa)) implies generalized Browder’s theorem (resp. property (WΠ)) but not conversely. Following [1], an operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have property (UWΠ) if σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T). It was shown in [1, Theorem 3.5] that property (UWΠ) implies property (WΠ) but not conversely. According to [4], T ∈ L(X) has property (ZΠa) if σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Πa(T). In this section, we introduce and study two equivalent spectral properties that are stronger than the properties (UWΠa), (UWΠ) and (ZΠa).

Definition 2.1

An operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have property (VΠ) if σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T).

Example 2.2

  1. Let T ∈ L(ℓ2(ℕ)) be defined by

    T(x1,x2,x3,⋯)=x22,x33,⋯.

    Since σ(T) = σSF+−(T) = {0} and Π(T) = ∅, then σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and hence T has property (VΠ).

  2. Consider the Volterra operator V on the Banach space C[0, 1] defined by V(f)(x) = ∫0xf(t)dt for all f ∈ C[0, 1]. Note that V is injective and quasinilpotent. Thus, σ(V) = {0} and Π(V) = ∅. Since the range R(V) is not closed, thenσSF+−(V) = {0}. Therefore, σ(V) ∖ σSF+−(V) = Π(V), that means V has property (VΠ).

According to [11], an operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have property (VE) if σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = E(T).

The next result gives the relationship between the properties (VE) and (VΠ).

Theorem 2.3

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VE),

  2. T has property (VΠ) and E(T) = Π(T).

Proof

(i)⇒(ii). Suppose that T satisfies property (VE), i.e. σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = E(T). Since by [11, Theorem 2.10], we have E(T) = Π(T), it follows that T has property (VΠ) and E(T) = Π(T).

(ii)⇒(i). Suppose that T satisfies property (VΠ) and E(T) = Π(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) = E(T) and T has property (VE). □

Remark 2.4

By Theorem 2.3, property (VE) implies property (VΠ). However, the converse is not true in general. Consider the operator T in Example 2.2, then T satisfies property (VΠ) and as E(T) = {0}, it follows that T does not satisfy property (VE).

Theorem 2.5

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠ),

  2. T has property (UWΠ) and σ(T) = σa(T),

  3. T has property (UWΠa) and σ(T) = σa(T).

Proof

(i)⇒(ii). Suppose that T satisfies property (VΠ) and let λ ∈ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T). Since σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ⊆ σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T), we have λ ∈ Π(T) and so, σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ⊆ Π(T).

To show the opposite inclusion Π(T) ⊆ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T), let λ ∈ Π(T). Then, λ ∈ Ea(T), it follows that λ ∈ iso œa(T) and α(λ I − T) > 0, so λ ∈ σa(T). As T satisfies property (VΠ) and λ ∈ Π(T), it follows that λ I − T is upper semi-Weyl. Therefore, λ ∈ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T). Thus, Π(T) ⊆ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) and T satisfies property (UWΠ). Consequently, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T). Therefore, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) and σ(T) = σa(T).

(ii)⇒(i). Suppose that T satisfies property (UWΠ) and σ(T) = σa(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T). Thus, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and T satisfies property (VΠ).

(ii)⇔(iii). Obvious. □

The next example shows that, in general, property (UWΠa) does not imply property (VΠ).

Example 2.6

Let R be the unilateral right shift operator on ℓ2(ℕ) and U ∈ L(ℓ2(ℕ)) be defined by

U(x1,x2,x3,⋯)=(0,x2,x3,⋯).

Define an operator T on X = ℓ2(ℕ) ⊕ ℓ2(ℕ) by T = R ⊕ U. Then, σ(T) = D(0, 1), the closed unit disc on ℂ, σa(T) = Γ ∪ {0}, where Γ denotes the unit circle of ℂ andσSF+−(T) = Γ. Moreover, Πa(T) = {0} and Π(T) = ∅. Therefore, σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T) and σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ≠ Π(T). Thus, T satisfies properties (UWΠa), but T does not satisfy property (VΠ).

The next example shows that, in general, property (UWΠ) does not imply property (VΠ).

Example 2.7

Let R be the unilateral right shift operator on ℓ2(ℕ). Define an operator T on X = ℓ2(ℕ) ⊕ ℓ2(ℕ) by T = 0⊕R. Then, σ(T) = D(0, 1), σa(T) = σSF+−(T) = Γ∪{0} and Π(T) = ∅. Therefore, σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ≠ Π(T). Thus, T satisfies property (UWΠ), but T does not satisfy property (VΠ).

The next result gives the relationship between the properties (VΠ) and (WΠ).

Theorem 2.8

Let T ∈ L(X). Then T has property (VΠ) if and only if T has property (WΠ) andσSF+−(T) = σW(T).

Proof

Sufficiency: Suppose that T satisfies property (VΠ), then by Theorem 2.5, T satisfies property (UWΠ). Property (UWΠ) implies by [1, Theorem 3.5] that T satisfies property (WΠ). Consequently, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Π(T). Therefore, σSF+−(T) = σW(T).

Necessity: Suppose that T satisfies property (WΠ) and σSF+−(T) = σW(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Π(T), and so T satisfies property (VΠ). □

The next example shows that, in general, property (WΠ) does not imply property (VΠ).

Example 2.9

Let R be the unilateral right shift operator on ℓ2(ℕ). Since σ(R) = σW(R) = D(0, 1), σSF+−(R) = Γ andΠ(R) = ∅, then

σ(R)∖σW(R)=Π(R),σ(R)∖σSF+−(R)≠Π(R).

Hence, R satisfies property (WΠ), but R does not satisfy property (VΠ).

Theorem 2.10

Suppose that T ∈ L(X) has property (VΠ). Then:

  1. T has property (ZΠa),

  2. Πa0(T) = Πa(T) = Π0(T) = Π(T).

Proof

  1. Property (VΠ) implies by Theorem 2.5 that σ(T) = σa(T), and also implies by Theorem 2.8 that σSF+−(T) = σW(T). Hence, σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) = Πa(T) and so T satisfies property (ZΠa).

  2. Follows from (i) and [4, Lemma 2.9]. □

The next example shows that, in general, property (ZΠa) does not imply property (VΠ).

Example 2.11

Let R be the unilateral right shift operator defined on ℓ2(ℕ). Since σ(R) = σW(R) = D(0, 1), Π(R) = Πa(R) = ∅ andσSF+−(R) = Γ, then R satisfies property (ZΠa), but does not satisfy property (VΠ).

Remark 2.12

By [4, Lemma 2.9], property (ZΠa) implies that Πa(T) = Π(T). Hence, if T ∈ L(X) satisfies property (ZΠa), then σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Πa(T) = Π(T) and follows that T satisfies property (WΠ). However, the converse is not true in general. For this, consider the operator T in Example 2.7, since σ(T) = σW(T) = D(0, 1), Π(T) = ∅ and Πa(T) = {0}, then T satisfies property (WΠ), but T does not satisfy property (ZΠa).

Theorem 2.13

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠ),

  2. T has property (gah) andσSF+−(T) = σSBF+−(T),

  3. T has property (gaz) andσSF+−(T) = σSBF+−(T),

  4. T has property (ah) andσSF+−(T) = σSBF+−(T),

  5. T has property (az) andσSF+−(T) = σSBF+−T).

Proof

The equivalences (ii)⇔(iii), (iv)⇔(v) and (ii)⇔(iv) were shown in [10, Corllary 2.15], [10, Theorem 2.14] and [10, Theorem 2.10], respectively.

(i)⇒(ii). Assume that T satisfies property (VΠ). By Theorem 2.5, T satisfies property (UWΠa). Property (UWΠa) implies by [1, Theorem 2.6] that T satisfies generalized a-Browder’s theorem and σSF+−(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa ∖ Πa0, but by Theorem 2.10, it follow that Πa ∖ Πa0 = ∅ and hence, σSF+−(T) = σSBF+−(T). Consequently, Π(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T), and hence T satisfies property (gah).

(ii)⇒(i). Suppose that T satisfies property (gah) and σSF+−(T) = σSBF+−(T). Then σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π(T), and hence T satisfies property (VΠ). □

The following example shows that, in general, property (gah) (resp. (ah)) does not imply property (VΠ).

Example 2.14

Consider the operator T = 0 defined on the Hilbert space ℓ2(ℕ). Then, σ(T) = σSF+−(T) = {0}, σSBF+−(T) = ∅ and Π(T) = {0}. Therefore, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ≠ Π(T) and T does not satisfy property (VΠ). On the other hand, σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π(T), that means T satisfies property (gah), in consequence T also satisfies property (ah).

The next result gives the relationship between the properties (VΠ) and (Sb).

Corollary 2.15

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠ),

  2. T has property (Sab),

  3. T has property (Sb).

Proof

Follows directly from Theorem 2.13, [3, Theorem 2.4] and [3, Corollary 2.9]. □

The next result gives the relationship between the property (VΠ) and generalized Browder’s theorem.

Theorem 2.16

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠ),

  2. T satisfies generalized Browder’s theorem andσSF+−(T) = σBW(T),

  3. T satisfies Browder’s theorem andσSF+−(T) = σBW(T).

Proof

(i)⇒(ii). Property (VΠ) implies by Theorem 2.8 that T satisfies property (WΠ), and property (WΠ) implies by [1, Theorem 2.4] that T satisfies generalized Browder’s theorem. Consequently, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) and σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Π(T). Therefore, σSF+−(T) = σBW(T).

(ii)⇒(i). Assume that T satisfies generalized Browder’s theorem and σSF+−(T) = σBW(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Π(T), that means T satisfies property (VΠ).

(ii)⇔(iii). It follows from the equivalence between generalized Browder’s theorem and Browder’s theorem. □

Remark 2.17

From Theorem 2.16, property (VΠ) implies generalized Browder’s theorem. However, the converse is not true in general. Consider the operator R in Example 2.9, since R satisfies property (WΠ), then it also satisfies generalized Browder’s theorem, but does not satisfy property (VΠ).

Definition 2.18

An operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have property (VΠa) if σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T).

Example 2.19

Let L be the unilateral left shift operator on ℓ2(ℕ). It is well known that σ(L) = σSF+−(L) = D(0, 1), the closed unit disc on ℂ and Πa(L) = ∅. Therefore, σ(L) ∖ σSF+−(L) = Πa(L), and so L satisfies property (VΠa).

Theorem 2.20

Let T ∈ L(X). Then T has property (VΠa) if and only if T has property (UWΠa) and σ(T) = σa(T).

Proof

Sufficiency: Assume that T satisfies property (VΠa). Then σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ⊆ σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T) and so σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) ⊆ Πa(T).

To show the opposite inclusion Πa(T) ⊆ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T), let λ ∈ Πa(T). Then, λ ∈ Ea(T) and hence λ ∈ σa(T). As T satisfies property (VΠa) and λ ∈ Πa(T), it follows that λ I − T is upper semi-Weyl. Therefore, λ ∈ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T). Thus, Πa(T) ⊆ σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) and T satisfies property (UWΠa). Consequently, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T) and σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T). Therefore, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) and σ(T) = σa(T).

Necessity: Suppose that T satisfies property (UWΠa) and σ(T) = σa(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T), in consequence T satisfies property (VΠa). □

Corollary 2.21

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠa),

  2. T has property (VΠ),

  3. T has property (Sab),

  4. T has property (Sb).

Proof

(i)⇒(ii). Suppose that T satisfies property (VΠa). By Theorem 2.20, σ(T) = σa(T), it follows that σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T) = Π(T), hence T satisfies property (VΠ).

(ii)⇒(i). Assume that T satisfies property (VΠ). By Theorem 2.5, σ(T) = σa(T) and so, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) = Πa(T). Therefore, T satisfies property (VΠa).

The rest of the proof follows from Corollary 2.15. □

The next result gives the relationship between property (VΠa) (or equivalently (VΠ)) and property (ZΠa).

Theorem 2.22

Let T ∈ L(X). Then T has property (VΠa) if and only if T has property (ZΠa) andσSF+−(T) = σW(T).

Proof

Sufficiency: Assume that T satisfies property (VΠa). By Corollary 2.21, property (VΠa) is equivalent to property (VΠ), and by Theorem 2.8, property (VΠ) implies that σSF+−(T) = σW(T). Consequently, σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T). Therefore, T satisfies property (ZΠa).

Necessity: Assume that T satisfies property (ZΠa) and σSF+−(T) = σW(T). Then, σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Πa(T), that means T satisfies property (VΠa). □

Similar to Theorem 2.22, we have the following result.

Theorem 2.23

Let T ∈ L(X). Then T has property (VΠa) if and only if T has property (gab) andσSF+−(T) = σBW(T).

For T ∈ L(X), define Π+0 (T) = σ(T) ∖ σub(T). The following theorem describes the relationship between a-Browder’s theorem and property (VΠ).

Theorem 2.24

For T ∈ L(X), the following statements are equivalent:

  1. T has property (VΠ),

  2. T satisfies a-Browder’s theorem andΠ+0(T) = Π(T).

  3. T satisfies generalized a-Browder’s theorem andΠ+0(T) = Π(T).

Proof

(i)⇒(ii) Assume that T satisfies property (VΠ). Then T satisfies property (UWΠ) and Π(T) = Πa0(T) by Theorems 2.5 and 2.10, respectively. Hence σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T) = Πa0(T). Consequently, T satisfies a-Browder’s theorem and Π+0(T) = σ(T) ∖ σub(T) = σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T).

(ii)⇒(i) If T satisfies a-Browder’s theorem and Π+0(T) = Π(T), then σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σub(T) = Π+0(T) = Π(T). Therefore, T satisfies property (VΠ).

(ii)⇔(iii). It follows from the equivalence between generalized a-Browder’s theorem and a-Browder’s theorem. □

Remark 2.25

By Theorem 2.24, property (VE) implies a-Browder’s theorem. However, the converse is not true in general. Indeed, the operator R defined in Example 2.9, does not satisfy property (VΠ), butσa(R) = σSF+−(R) = Γ andΠa0(R) = ∅, it follows that R satisfies a-Browder’s theorem.

Recall that an operator T ∈ L(X) is said to have the single valued extension property at λ0 ∈ ℂ (abbreviated SVEP at λ0) if for every open disc 𝔻λ0 ⊆ ℂ centered at λ0, the only analytic function f : 𝔻λ0 → X which satisfies the equation

(λI−T)f(λ)=0for all λ∈Dλ0

is f ≡ 0 on 𝔻λ0 (see [12]). The operator T is said to have SVEP, if it has SVEP at every point λ ∈ ℂ. Evidently, every T ∈ L(X) has SVEP at each point of the resolvent set ρ (T) := ℂ ∖ σ (T). Moreover, T has SVEP at every point of the boundary ∂σ (T) of the spectrum. In particular, T has SVEP at every isolated point of the spectrum. (See [13] for more details about this concept).

Corollary 2.26

If T ∈ L(X) has SVEP at each λ ∉ σSF+−(T), then T has property (VΠ) if and only if Π(T) = Π+0(T).

Proof

By [14, Theorem 2.3], the hypothesis T has SVEP at each λ ∉ σSF+−(T) is equivalent to T satisfies a-Browder’s theorem. Therefore, if Π(T) = Π+0(T), then σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = σ(T) ∖ σub(T) = Π+0(T) = Π(T). □

The following three tables summarizes the meaning of various theorems and properties that are related with property (VΠ).

Theorem 2.27

Suppose that T ∈ L(X) has property (VΠ). Then:

  1. σSBF+−(T) = σBW(T) = σSF+−(T) = σW(T) = σLD(T) = σD(T) = σub(T) = σb(T) and σ(T) = σa(T).

  2. Π0(T) = Πa0(T) = Π(T) = Πa(T), E0(T) = Ea0(T) y E(T) = Ea(T).

  3. All properties given in Table 1 are equivalent, and T satisfies each of these properties.

  4. All properties given in Table 2 are equivalent.

  5. All properties given in Table 3 are equivalent.

Table 1
(WΠ) [1]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Π(T)𝓑 [15]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Π0(T)
(ZΠa) [4]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Πa(T)(ab) [8]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Πa0(T)
g𝓑 [16]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Π(T)(Bb) [17]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Π0(T)
(gab) [8]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Πa(T)(Bab) [18]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Πa0(T)
(gah) [10]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π(T)(Sb) [2]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π0(T)
(gaz) [9]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa(T)(Sab) [3]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T)=Πa0(T)
(UWΠ) [1]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T)(b) [19]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π0(T)
(UWΠa) [1]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T)a𝓑 [20]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T)=Πa0(T)
(gb) [19]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π(T)(Bgb) [17]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Π0(T)
ga𝓑 [16]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Πa(T)(SBab) [21]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T)=Πa0(T)
(VΠ)σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π(T)(ah) [10]σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Π0(T)
(VΠa)σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Πa(T)(az) [9]σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T)=Πa0(T)

Table 2
𝓦 [22]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = E0(T)
(aw) [8]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Ea0(T)
(Bw) [23]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = E0(T)
(Baw) [18]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Ea0(T)
(v) [5]σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = E0(T)
(z) [9]σ(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Ea0(T)
(Sw) [2]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = E0(T)
(Saw) [3]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Ea0(T)
(w) [24]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = E0(T)
(a𝓦) [25]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Ea0(T)
(Bgw) [17]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = E0(T)
(SBaw) [21]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Ea0(T)

Table 3
(WE) [26]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = E(T)
(ZEa) [4]σ(T) ∖ σW(T) = Ea(T)
g𝓦 [16]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = E(T)
(gaw) [8]σ(T) ∖ σBW(T) = Ea(T)
(gv) [5]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = E(T)
(gz) [9]σ(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Ea(T)
(UWE) [1]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = E(T)
(UWEa) [26]σa(T) ∖ σSF+−(T) = Ea(T)
(gw) [27]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = E(T)
ga𝓦 [16]σa(T) ∖ σSBF+−(T) = Ea(T)

Proof

Since property (VΠ) is equivalent to property (Sab), then (i) and (ii) follows from [3, Theorem 2.31].

(iii) By Theorem 2.5, T satisfies property (UWΠ), and the equivalence between all properties given in Table 1 follows from (i) and (ii).

(iv) and (v) Follows directly from (i) and (ii). □

In the following diagram the arrows signify implications between the Browder type theorems defined above. The numbers near the arrows are references to the results in the present paper (numbers without brackets) or to the bibliography therein (the numbers in square brackets).

(WΠ)→[1](gB)⟺[6](B)↑2.12↑[8]↑[8](ZΠa)→[4](gab)→[8](ab)↑2.10↑[8]↑[8](WΠ)←[1](UWΠ)←2.5(VΠ)(gb)←[8](b)↑[1]⇕2.15↑[10]↑[10](b)(UWΠa)←2.19(VΠa)⟺2.20(Sb)(gah)⟺[10](ah)↓[19]⇕[1]⇕[3]⇕[10]⇕[10](aB)←[21](SBab)←[21](Bgb)←[3](Sab)→[3](gaz)⟺[9](az)⇕[6]↓[21,17]↓[3](gaB)←[19](gb)(Bb)←[18](Bab)←[4](ZΠa)↓[16]↑[21]⇕[1]↓[18](gB)(Bgb)(WΠ)(ab)

Acknowledgement

Research Partially Suported by Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad del Atlántico.

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Received: 2017-04-27
Accepted: 2017-10-12
Published Online: 2018-04-02

© 2018 Sanabria et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2018-0029
Keywords for this article
Semi-Fredholm operator; Browder’s theorem; property (WΠ); Property (UWΠ); Property (VΠ)
Creative Commons
BY-NC-ND 4.0

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