Design a system to transfer alternating electric current using six channels of laser as an embedding and transmitting source

1 Introduction

Light, that profound thriller which has involved humanity considering time immemorial, remains valuable to our information of the universe and its manifestations. In sacred texts, mild is defined as a symbol of idea and steering. In the Bible, for example, we discover inside the starting of Genesis: “And God stated, ‘Let there be light,’ and there has been light.’ This word embodies the divine energy of advent, as light changed into the primary act that added order and readability to the cosmos.

In the Holy Quran, mild holds a distinguished role as a illustration of divine illumination and understanding, as said in Surah An-Nur: “Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth” (An-Nur: 35) [1]. This description not handiest displays the non secular aspect of mild but also points to its nature as a source of life and knowledge.

Throughout the a long time, scientists have strived to realise the nature of light. Among the most incredible of these pupils is Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham), seemed as the founding father of optics. In his seminal work “Book of Optics,” Alhazen provided an stunning clinical explanation of the phenomenon of light. Through meticulous experimental research, he showed that mild travels in straight strains and installed the clinical foundations for know-how its mirrored image and refraction. He additionally developed the idea of the digicam obscura, which paved the manner for contemporary optical generation.

The convergence of the spiritual and medical dimensions of light underscores its indispensable role in our know-how of the arena round us. In this research, we discover how light may be harnessed not most effective as a means of imaginative and prescient additionally as a medium for transmitting electric current using laser and LED, opening new horizons for technological [2].

2 Problem statement

When the electrical signal is modulated with the optical wave, the electrical signal is distorted due to the large difference between the frequency value of the electrical signal, which is 60 Hz, and the frequency of the light wave, which is 400–500 THz for the wavelengths used. Therefore, this will affect the received optical signal in the light-dependent resistor (LDR) optical sensor. Also, the impedance of the LDR plays a role in reducing the efficiency of the electrical signal after the demodulator process, so one of the solutions that can be taken is to increase the voltage Vcc that operates the Rx circuit or add more LDRs in parallel to reduce the resistance and increase the sensing area.

3 Principle of operation

3.1 The DM

This scheme displays the transmitted signal that results from DM.

Figure 1 illustrates how electrical data modulate the laser’s drive current. The laser is activated when the electrical data symbol “1” is present, encoding the electrical impulsion onto the existence of optical signal within the fiber connection. This modulation exhibits a significant degree of chirp, which is described as a quick change in the laser’s instantaneous frequency caused by variations in the active layer’s refractive index as a result of the carrier density population [11], where pulse broadening is introduced by the fiber’s chirp and dispersion effect. Because of this, this modulation class’s performance is still restricted to short distances and data rates of less than 10 Gb/s [10].

Figure 1

The DM of semiconductor laser [10].

4 Methodology

In order to find a new way to transmit the electric current, the LiFi system is used, and instead of entering the data into the system, an alternating electric current is entered so that the electric current is included with the optical wave using the LASER, as in Figure 2.

Figure 2

System block diagram.

Using visible light communication instead of WiFi’s radio waves, LiFi is one of the newest communication technologies that aims to advance existing technology. Its launch really accomplishes two goals since it intends to help with data transport and overhead illumination for homes [7]. LiFi technology takes a revolutionary step in wireless evolution by embedding and transferring data in visible light beams, whereas WiFi technology uses radio waves to transfer data. This allows LiFi to fully utilize the much larger light spectrum bandwidth capacity that the light spectrum provides.

Solid-state LED light sources vary their light frequencies to record data, which is subsequently sent and received by LiFi-enabled devices, as in Figure 3. By demodulating the light frequency signal and converting it back into an electronic data stream, a photosensitive detector makes bi-directional wireless communication faster, more secure, and possible than before. Not always. Since light is used to transmit data, it follows that LiFi cannot function in the absence of light. There will be no LiFi if the light is fully off. However, LED lights with LiFi capabilities can be turned down to the point where they appear dark while still transmitting data. The lighting range of 10–90 percent is consistently performed. Currently, LiFi can function well at light levels as low as 60 lux [11].

Figure 3

LiFi system [11].

4.1 Preparation of the transmission circuit and modulation

Initially, Figure 4 shows the design of the transmission system, and the transmission section consists of six channels. The channel consists of a laser that ensures alternating current (AC) on the photoelectric signal to become a pulse signal. After that, one of the parts of the AC source was connected to the negative terminal of the all-six laser, and the other end of the AC source was connected to the positive terminal of the all-six laser.

Figure 4

The design of a transmitter system for a single channel.

4.2 Preparing the receiving circuit and demodulating

Figure 5 shows the design of the receiving and decoding circuits and the three LDRs in parallel connection used to convert the optical signal into electrical (decoding modulation). The positive terminal of the Vcc is connected to one of the ends of the LDRs, and the other end of the LDRs is connected to one of the ends of the electrical transformer. Then, the electrical resistance of 5.6 Kohm was connected with the terminal of the LDRs, which is connected with the electrical transformer, and the other end of the 5.6 Kohm resistance was connected with the other end of the electrical transformer and with the negative terminal of the Vcc.

Figure 5

The design of a receiver system for a single channel.

5 Results and discussion

Figure 6 shows the optical power of the wavelength before including the AC current and after including the AC current in the transmission circuit in the AC transmission system to ensure that the system is safe, as the optical power is low, so the value (series 1) represents the optical power of the wavelength before the process of including alternating electric current, where the optical power was 4.3 mW with a wavelength of 540 nm.

Figure 6

Optical power of LASER before AC modulator and after AC modulator in free space for single LASER.

The value (series 2) represents the optical power of the wavelength before the process of including alternating electric current, where the optical power was 2.8 mW with a wavelength of 540 nm.

A decrease in the level of the optical power of the wavelength is observed during the modulator process.

The results are obtained by turning on the transmission circuit shown in Figure 7(a), and the circuit is fed with a voltage of 3.7 V DC. The optical power of the laser is measured, then a current is introduced where the generator is connected to the transmission circuit by connecting a 220 V–6 V transformer with the circuit, as shown in Figure 7(b), and also the optical power of the laser is calculated.

Figure 7

(a)–(d) the setup of the project (e) the output signal from Rx.

Then, the optical wave was sent to the LDRs in Rx, as shown in Figure 7(c), and then the signal was tracked using the oscilloscope from the 6 to 220 V transformer, as shown in Figure 7(d) and (e).

Figure 8 shows the input and output AC voltages so that the value (series 1) of the input voltage in Tx circuit 6 V came from a step-down transformer that was used to turn on the LASERs and to include the optical wave.

Figure 8

The input and output AC voltage.

While the value (series 2) of the output voltage in Rx circuit 4.3 V was taken from the step-up transformer, the voltage value became lower in Rx due to the resistance that had occurred due to the resistance of the LDRs and also because of the equivalent resistance of 5.6 Kohm. One of the most important reasons is the difference between the frequencies of the transmitting signal and the carrier signal.

Figure 9 shows the input and output AC currents so that the value (series 1) of the input current in the Tx circuit is 0.583 A. It came from a step-up transformer and was used to turn on the LASERs and to include the optical wave.

Figure 9

The input and output AC current.

While the value (series 2) of the output current in the Rx circuit 0.364 A was taken from the step-down transformer, the current value became lower in Rx due to the resistance that occurred due to the equivalent resistance of 5.6 Kohm, and one of the most important reasons is the step-down transformer.

To calculate the energy conversion efficiency:

Efficiency ( % ) = 1.5652 W 3.498 W × 100 ,

Efficiency ( % ) = 44.7 .

6 Conclusions

In this study, a novel system for the transmission of alternating electric current utilizing laser technology as both an embedding and transmitting medium was proposed. Through a thorough analysis of the output signals of LASER channels in free space, we have identified key challenges, notably the critical necessity for precise alignment maintenance between the LASERs and LDRs, which significantly influences signal efficiency. This challenge highlights the complex interactions between parameters, including frequency differences, resistance mismatches, and transformer performance, all of which contribute to signal loss and operational difficulties.

Despite these challenges, our study revealed several noteworthy findings, e.g.

1. Optimized remote accessibility: The system shows promising potential to extend electricity transmission to remote areas via optical fiber, thereby increasing connectivity and accessibility.

2. Indoor versatility: Its versatility extends to indoor areas, especially those frequented by vulnerable people like children, so its traditional methods of infection overcome security concerns.

3. Safety improvement: By integrating AC in the optical signal, our system effectively reduces the risk of electric shock, thereby increasing safety standards in workplaces.

4. Low health effects: The advantage of low visible light intensity reduces the potential health risks associated with traditional high-power laser systems, resulting in minimal effects on the skin and the eyelids.

5. Flexibility and cost effectiveness: The flexibility and low-cost availability of our system confirm its ability to serve as a practical solution, especially in situations where the content defines performance, to provide products a distribution and operational efficiency are improved.

6. Innovative problem solving: The unconventional nature of our approach provides an opportunity to address the age-old challenge of delivering power through innovative problem-solving techniques, which can lead to transformational solutions and paradigm shift results on the road to the right.

7. Economical scalability and scalability: The scalability and scalability of our system position it as a cost-effective solution for various industrial applications, especially in emerging economies, where it can dominate the industry and address pressing challenges to ensure sustainable development.