Abstract
Radiation may be hazardous for human cells when absorbed more than the required dose. Hence, radiation protection processes is required, andthe development of shielding materials are of main concern. Here, the gamma ray shielding properties of iron–boron–phosphate-based composite samples have been studied. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC, μ, cm−1) and related parameters have been simulated using Phy-X/PSD software for gamma energies in the range of 10−3 to 105 MeV. It was found that the Nd2O3 rate in iron–boron–phosphate-based composites is important in terms of radiation shielding.
1 Introduction
The world has been exposed to radiations since the beginning of universe due to the long half-life of radionuclides. Recently, there has also been artificial radiation, which is produced to be used in many different fields. Thus, humans may be exposed to radiation by ionizing radiation emitted by both the radioactive sources and also technically produced radiation. Therefore, human protection from the hazardous effect of this radiation should be studied. For these purposes, radiation dosimetry is developed by studying the interactions of radiation with matter, dosimetry for medical radiation, radiation shielding, etc. [1,2,3,4]. Thus, this requires radiation protection in three main ways: time, distance and shielding. This is due to the effect of ionizing radiation that cannot be completely avoided, but it can be diminished. The conventional shielding material is lead (Pb), as it has an extremely large radiation absorption power. On the other hand, it has several significant drawbacks such as considerably high toxicity due to its heavy metal character [5,6,7]. Therefore, non-lead and non-lead-based radiation shielding materials are under development by many researchers to protect radiation.
In order to select suitable materials, their nuclear features should be defined, which is expressed by the following parameters:the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (mfp), effective atomic number (Z eff), and effective electron density (N eff) [8,9,10]. Thus, many studies were carried out for these purposes. For example, concrete is useful for radiation shielding because of its economical advantage and is simple to form complicated geometries [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Besides concrete, which is widely used as building materials, many research studies have been performed to investigate radiation shielding properties of different materials using different methods [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. Simulation and other prediction techniques are important in this field as experimental studies are not always possible [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].
On the other hand, improvement needs to be done on the radiation shielding materials, as use of radiation is increasing day by day. Therefore, in this study, the gamma ray shielding properties of newly developed composites where Nd2O3 was added at five different rates, will be investigated using Phy-X/PSD software.
2 Materials and method
The radiation shielding properties of five different iron–boron–phosphate-based composite samples have been obtained. The iron–boron–phosphate-based composites selected from ref. [51] with chemical composition determined from the formula 5MoO3–(9.5 − x)(3.6Fe2O3–B2O3–5.4P2O5)–xNd2O3 where x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 (mol%) were synthesized. The detailed composite contents are tabulated in Table 1 [51]. The relation between Nd2O3 rate and densities of the composite is shown in Figure 1.
Chemical properties of composites (mol%) [51]
Code | Nd2O3 rate | B2O3 | P2O5 | Fe2O3 | MoO3 | Density (g cm−3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 0 | 9.5 | 51.3 | 34.2 | 5 | 2.926 |
N2 | 2 | 9.3 | 50.22 | 33.48 | 5 | 3.057 |
N4 | 4 | 9.1 | 49.14 | 32.76 | 5 | 3.160 |
N6 | 6 | 8.9 | 48.06 | 32.04 | 5 | 3.273 |
N8 | 8 | 8.7 | 46.98 | 31.32 | 5 | 3.372 |

Relation between the Nd2O3 rate and densities of the composites.
In order to research the radiation shielding capability of a material, the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC, µ cm−1) is a basic parameter and it is also used to obtain other parameters in radiation dosimetry. The LAC and other parameters such as the mean free path (mfp), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Z eff), and effective electron density (N eff) at gamma ray energies of 10−3 to 105 MeV have been simulated using Phy-X/PSD online program developed by Sakar et al. [52,53].
The LAC (µ, cm−1) is expressed by the Beer–Lambert law given in equation (1)
where N o and N are the number of gamma rays before and after passing through, respectively, and x is the thickness of materials.
The radiation mean free path (mfp) in the composite is described as the average penetration length of gamma rays in the composite and is given by equation (2):
Other radiological parameters of HVL and TVL are expressed as the composite thickness to stop 50 (half) and 10% of gamma rays, respectively, and they are obtained using equations (3) and (4) respectively:
The Z eff and electron density (N eff) are obtained using equations (5) and (6), respectively,
where σ a and σ el are the total atomic and electric cross sections, respectively, and they are obtained using equations (7) and (8):
In equation (6), N is the Avogadro’s number, μ/ρ is the total mass attenuation coefficients, A i and w i are atomic weights (in g) and fractional weights of the constituent of materials, respectively,
where f i is the atomic number of element i and Z i is the atomic number of the ith elements in a mixture.
3 Results and discussion
The gamma ray shielding properties of iron–boron–phosphate-based composites which is formulated as 5MoO3–(9.5 − x)(3.6Fe2O3–B2O3–5.4P2O5)–xNd2O3 where x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 (mol%) were investigated by simulating the parameters LAC, mfp, HVL, TVL, Z eff, and N eff.
The obtained LAC results for five different samples are displayed in Figure 2 as a function of gamma ray energies. It is obviousfrom Figure 2 that the distribution of LAC decreased when the gamma ray energies increased. But, this behavior changed with the changing gamma energy range. For example, at low gamma ray energy, the LAC decreased sharply and a smooth decrease was seen at the middle energy range and it is almost constant at high energies. This is due to the different gamma ray absorption mechanisms for different energy ranges [54,55].

Variation of LAC with gamma ray energies.
The behavior of LAC for gamma ray energies of 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV are displayed in Figure 3 for all materials. It may be seen from this figure that the LAC decreased linearly when gamma ray energies is increased. It is also clearly seen from this figure that the highest value of LAC has been obtained for N6 type and the lowest value is for the N0 type material. This shows that the addition of Nd2O3 to composites improved the LAC value. This is also seen in Figure 4 where the LAC values have been displayed as a function of the Nd2O3 rate in composite samples. The addition of Nd2O3 into composite samples increased the density of the composite samples. The LAC dependence on the density of the material is displayed in Figure 5. As seen in Figures 4 and 5, the LAC increased linearly with the increasing Nd2O3 rate in the composites. The linear correlation constant for gamma ray energies of 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV are above 96%. This is in agreement with the work done in the literature [56,57].

Variation of LAC with gamma ray energies for all composites.

Variation of LAC with Nd2O3 rated in composites.

Variation of LAC with the density of composites.
The obtained radiological parameters mfp, HVL, and TVL are displayed in Figure 6 where it is seen that these parameters have a nonlinear relation and thus completely inverse distribution of LAC has been obtained. Thus, for all three parameters, the highest values are obtained for N8 and the lowest values for N0 samples. It may be seen from these figures that results for all samples are close to each other at low energies while differences can be seen at high energies.

Variation of mfp, HVL, and TVL distribution with gamma ray energies.
The simulated Z eff and N eff have been displayed as a function of gamma ray energies in Figures 7 and 8, respectively. It is clearly seen from these figüres that all quantities are dependent on the gamma ray energy and the distributions show similar behavoir. Moreover, the values decreased at gamma energies of 0.1–1 MeV. For N0 samples, the values for both quantities are higher than others while it is much higher for Z eff.

Variation of Z eff with gamma ray energies.

Variation of N eff with gamma ray energies.
4 Conclusion
The gamma ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added composite materials have been investigated in terms of LAC and other parameters. The simulations were performed with the Phy-X/PSD program. The gamma ray energy was in the range of 10−3 to 105 MeV. From this work, it was seen that the LAC decreased with the increasing gamma ray energy. It is also clear from this work that the addition of Nd2O3 into the iron–boron–phosphate-based composite improved the gamma ray shielding properties. The obtained LAC values were 0.227, 0.163, and 0.152 cm−1 at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV gamma rays, respectively (for the N0 type composite); whereas they were 0.258, 0.191, and 0.179 cm−1 at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV gamma rays, respectively (for the N8 type composite).
Acknowledgements
The author declares that there is no funding to be acknowledged.
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Funding information: The author declares that there is no funding to be acknowledged.
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Author contributions: B.O has done all work (simulation, analyses, and writing) and she accepts responsibility for releasing this material.
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Conflict of interest: The author declares that they are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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Informed consent: The author accepts responsibility for releasing this material.
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Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.
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Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
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- Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
- Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
- Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
- Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
- Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
- The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
- Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
- Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
- Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
- A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
- Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
- Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
- Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
- The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
- Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
- Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
- Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
- Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
- Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
- In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
- Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
- Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
- Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
- Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
- Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
- Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
- Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
- Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
- Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
- Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
- Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
- Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
- Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
- Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
- Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
- Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
- The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
- Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
- Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
- Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
- Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
- Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
- Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
- Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
- BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
- Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
- Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
- New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
- Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
- Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
- Review Articles
- Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
- Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
- Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
- An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
- Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
- Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
- Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
- Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
- Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
- Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
- Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
- Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
- Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
- Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
- Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
- Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
- Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
- Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
- Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
- Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
- Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
- Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
- Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
- Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
- Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
- Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
- Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
- Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
- A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
- Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
- Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
- Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
- Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
- Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
- Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
- Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
- An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea
- Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
- Solvent effect, dipole moment, and DFT studies of multi donor–acceptor type pyridine derivative
- An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
- Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
- Energetics of carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon revisited: A computational study of intermolecular hydrogen bond domination on phenylacetic acid–nicotinamide cocrystals
- A review: Silver–zinc oxide nanoparticles – organoclay-reinforced chitosan bionanocomposites for food packaging
- Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment
- Coagulation activity of liquid extraction of Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora on the removal of turbidity
- Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil over NiMoO4/activated carbon catalyst to produce biogasoline and kerosine
- Special Issue on Pharmacology and metabolomics of ethnobotanical and herbal medicine
- Cynarin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and activation in hepatic stellate cells through PPARγ
- Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
- Surfactant evaluation for enhanced oil recovery: Phase behavior and interfacial tension
- Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
- Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae)
- Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Trewia nudiflora Linn. leaf extract deciphers therapeutic potentials against thrombosis, arthritis, helminths, and insects
- Pergularia tomentosa coupled with selenium nanoparticles salvaged lead acetate-induced redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disruption of neurotransmission in rats’ brain
- Protective effect of Allium atroviolaceum-synthesized SeNPs on aluminum-induced brain damage in mice
- Mechanism study of Cordyceps sinensis alleviates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
- Plant-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine prevents human podocyte injury by regulating the miR-150-5p/NPHS1 axis
- Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking to explore the anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of β-ecdysone derived from medicinal plants
- Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part I
- Investigation of improved optical and conductivity properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)–MXenes (PMMA–MXenes) nanocomposite thin films for optoelectronic applications
- Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2022)
- Model predictive control for precision irrigation of a Quinoa crop
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Regular Articles
- Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous phase by bimetallic metal-organic framework M/Fe-MOF (M = Co, Cu, and Mg)
- Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy
- A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
- Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
- Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
- Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
- Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
- Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
- Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
- Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
- Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
- Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
- Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
- Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
- The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
- Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
- Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
- Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
- Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
- Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
- Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
- Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
- Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
- Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
- The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
- Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
- Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
- Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
- Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
- Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
- Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
- Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
- Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
- Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
- Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
- Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
- Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
- Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
- Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
- Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
- Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
- Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
- GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
- Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
- Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
- (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
- On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
- Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
- Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
- Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
- Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
- Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
- Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
- Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
- Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
- The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
- Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
- Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
- Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
- A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
- Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
- Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
- Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
- The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
- Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
- Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
- Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
- Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
- Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
- In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
- Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
- Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
- Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
- Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
- Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
- Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
- Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
- Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
- Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
- Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
- Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
- Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
- Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
- Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
- Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
- Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
- The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
- Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
- Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
- Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
- Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
- Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
- Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
- Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
- BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
- Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
- Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
- New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
- Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
- Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
- Review Articles
- Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
- Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
- Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
- An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
- Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
- Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
- Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
- Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
- Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
- Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
- Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
- Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
- Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
- Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
- Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
- Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
- Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
- Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
- Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
- Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
- Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
- Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
- Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
- Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
- Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
- Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
- Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
- Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
- A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
- Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
- Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
- Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
- Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
- Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
- Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
- Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
- An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea
- Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
- Solvent effect, dipole moment, and DFT studies of multi donor–acceptor type pyridine derivative
- An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
- Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
- Energetics of carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon revisited: A computational study of intermolecular hydrogen bond domination on phenylacetic acid–nicotinamide cocrystals
- A review: Silver–zinc oxide nanoparticles – organoclay-reinforced chitosan bionanocomposites for food packaging
- Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment
- Coagulation activity of liquid extraction of Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora on the removal of turbidity
- Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil over NiMoO4/activated carbon catalyst to produce biogasoline and kerosine
- Special Issue on Pharmacology and metabolomics of ethnobotanical and herbal medicine
- Cynarin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and activation in hepatic stellate cells through PPARγ
- Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
- Surfactant evaluation for enhanced oil recovery: Phase behavior and interfacial tension
- Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
- Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae)
- Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Trewia nudiflora Linn. leaf extract deciphers therapeutic potentials against thrombosis, arthritis, helminths, and insects
- Pergularia tomentosa coupled with selenium nanoparticles salvaged lead acetate-induced redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disruption of neurotransmission in rats’ brain
- Protective effect of Allium atroviolaceum-synthesized SeNPs on aluminum-induced brain damage in mice
- Mechanism study of Cordyceps sinensis alleviates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
- Plant-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine prevents human podocyte injury by regulating the miR-150-5p/NPHS1 axis
- Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking to explore the anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of β-ecdysone derived from medicinal plants
- Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part I
- Investigation of improved optical and conductivity properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)–MXenes (PMMA–MXenes) nanocomposite thin films for optoelectronic applications
- Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2022)
- Model predictive control for precision irrigation of a Quinoa crop