Home Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
Article Open Access

Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy

  • Ahmet Yonetken EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 28, 2022
Download Article (PDF)
Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

This study covers composite production and characterization of powders obtained by applying the electroless Ni coating technique to Fe–Co powders by microwave sintering technique. The physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of electroless Ni-coated Fe and Co composites samples produced in different compositions by sintering magnetic materials in a microwave oven at 1,100°C were characterized. With the electroless coating technique, a uniform nickel deposit on the Fe–Co particles was coated before sintering with the precipitation procedure. A composite consisting of metallic phase, Fe–Co, and triple additions in a Ni matrix was prepared in an argon atmosphere and sintered by microwave technique. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and impedance phase analyzer were used to obtain structural data in the temperature range of 25–40°C and to determine magnetic and electrical properties such as dielectric and conductivity. The ferromagnetic resonance was varied between 10 Hz and 1 GHz, and measurements were made to characterize the properties of the samples. Numerical findings obtained for 25% Ni composition at 1,100°C (Fe–37.5% Co) suggest that the best conductivity and hardness are obtained by adding 25Ni at 1,100°C sintering temperature.

Keywords: powder metallurgy; microwave sintering; composite and electroless nickel coating

1 Introduction

Many surface technologies have been developed to increase the working life and performance of the materials in contact with the working environment and to achieve more resistant surface properties. The electroless Ni-coating method was used to form a coating layer with superior properties on the surface of the metallic material with its chemically reducing effect. Hydrazine is a very strong reducing agent in aqueous alkaline solutions.

(1.1) 2 Ni + N 2 H 4 + 4 OH − → Ni ∘ + 4 H 2 O + 4 e − , E b = + 1.16 V,

(1.2) 2 Ni + 2 e − → 2 Ni ° , E º = − 0.25 V .

Levy proposed the following reducing reaction for nickel ions:

(1.3) 2 Ni + 2 + N 2 H 4   + 4 OH − → 2 Ni o + N 2   + 4 H 2 O, E o = 0.91 V .

In this reaction, the ( OH − ) ion is present in the alkali metal solution during the reaction in which ammonium hydroxide is added. In fact, for the H 2 O product the reaction is as follows:

(1.4) Ni + 2 + N 2 H 4   → H 2 O  Ni o + N 2 + H 2 +   2 H + .

Prior to 1963, Levy published documentation of the nickel plating method with hydrazine. Next, Dini and Coronado report that several different nickel-hydrazine plating baths have been characterized [1].

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of uncoated and Ni-coated powders are shown in Figure 1. Less porosity was determined in Ni-coated powders than in uncoated powders. In addition, a homogeneous distribution was observed in the SEM image of the Ni-coated powders. The raw strength of Ni-coated powders was higher. The Ni coating thickness was measured at around 1 μm in the SEM image of Ni-coated powders.

Figure 1 SEM pictures before and after coating. (a) SEM of uncoated powders and (b) SEM of coated powders.
Figure 1

SEM pictures before and after coating. (a) SEM of uncoated powders and (b) SEM of coated powders.

Nickel is a strategically important element used as an additive element in many commercial applications and in the military and aviation industries. Furthermore, it is used to give a green color in the glass industry. Nickel is, above all, an alloying element. Therefore, it has many uses as an alloy. These alloys are alloys made with copper, chromium, and aluminum. The magnetic characteristics of the Co–Fe–Ni triple alloys have been explored since the early 1950s [2]. The properties of magnetic materials are known through research by Bozorth. Magnetic properties are recommended for many applications. An example is to save information to the head core in an electronic storage unit [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. It is obtained that iron–nickel–cobalt alloys with soft magnetic materials are those materials that are easily magnetised and demagnetised. However, different alloy compositions have been used compared to electro-laminated films [16]. The low saturation magnetic field of Permalloy revealed the idea of searching for a material with better magnetic features. According to Permalloy, Fe–Co–Ni alloys have higher saturation magnetization properties [17]. The application of these materials on an industrial scale is limited by an absence of good information about the effect of the deposition condition on the microstructure, composition, and magnetic features. In a ferrite, we can observe the transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state as temperature increases. In these materials, the activation energy was found to be lower in the ferromagnetic region than in the magnetic field [18,19,20]. The electrical properties of the ferrites are susceptible to the method of preparation, sintering temperature, time, and heating and cooling rate [21,22]. Nickel–cobalt alloys are nickel alloys commonly used for electroforming due to their magnetic features and high tensile strength. It is used by integrating electrodeposition magnetic materials. For example, micro-electro-mechanical systems, microactivators, sensors, micromotors, and frictionless devices [22]. Electroless nickel coating has many advantages; the cost is low, it is easy to apply, and a continuous and homogeneous coating formation occurs in powder particles [22]. It has been stated that microwave sintering consumes less energy in a short time, together with the advantage of low-temperature sintering [23,24,25]. The mechanical and magnetic properties of the electro-shaped nanocrystalline Fe–Ni thin film have been investigated, and the Fe–Ni thin film has been commercially accepted with its grain size, thermal expansion coefficient, and permeability properties [26,27,28,29]. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of magnetic materials due to their potential applications in ferrofluids, advanced magnetic materials, catalysts, optical and mechanical devices, high-intensity magnetic imaging, and medical diagnostics [30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. There are many Ni-plating baths in the literature. The reason why the hydrazine bath is preferred is that it provides the precipitation of pure Ni into the composition. Ni precipitated on Fe and Co particles forms a thin film, facilitating the sintering process as well as allowing composite production at lower temperatures than melting temperatures. Energy saving is also provided by the microwave sintering technique method [37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].

The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanical and electrical properties of the Ni-precipitated Fe–Co powders after sintering in the microwave oven by providing a pure Ni coating of the selected Fe–Co powders in a hydrazine bath.

2 Experimental method

In this study, the powder properties of Fe, Co, and Ni used in this work are as follows. It has a purity of 99.9% for Fe powders and a particle size of less than 40 µm. For Co powders, it has a purity of up to 99.9% and a particle size of less than 140 µm. In the Ni deposition, Fe–Co powders were coated by using an electroless Ni-coating method.

The Ni coating was achieved by suspending the starting Fe–Co powders in a Ni-containing solution (NiCI2·6H2O) at 90–95°C and by adding hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) drop by drop and 30 vol.% ammonia solution while keeping the pH at 8–10. For increasing temperatures, as ammonia evaporation increases, for this reason, an ammonia dripping apparatus was used to keep the pH of the coating bath in the range of 8–10. By the way, the bath chemical was continuously mixed and the pH was constantly observed by utilizing a Philips PW 9413 Ion-Meter. The reaction was allowed to continue until sufficient Ni was added for deposition coating all the Fe–Co powders, after which the Ni-coated Fe–Co powders were filtered out of the bath chemical by using a paper filter after being washed several times with pure water and alcohol and then oven dried at 105°C and then followed by sintering at 1,100°C for 30 m using a microwave furnace. The purity of 99.9% for Co powders with a particle dimension lower than 150 µm. The compositions were figured out according to the variables in the formula Fex + Coy + Ni100-(x + y) (x + y = 40, 50, 66.66, 75 in at%), that is, 50 at% Fe and 25 at% Co. Samples produced with powder metallurgy were prepared as 10 g rectangular prism. The sample mixtures were shaped by a uniaxial cold-hydraulic press using a high-strength steel mold. A compression of 400 bar was utilized to compress and shape the powder mixtures. A sintering time of 30 min at 1,100°C in a microwave oven was applied to the samples, which were pressed cold chelated by using an argon atmosphere. After sintering the specimens, the furnace was left to cool naturally. The hardness of the samples was compared with the METTEST-HT hardness tester and Shimadzu AG-IS 100KN universal tensile equipment. A standard metallurgical sample preparation method was used for the samples. This was done to determine the microstructure of the sample. The contents of the coating bath are given in Table 1.

Table 1

The nickel bath and ratios

(Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni (Fe–25% Co) 50% Ni (Fe–33% Co) 33% Ni (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni
Iron (Fe), g 8 10 14.06 15
Cobalt (Co), g 4 5 7.03 7.5
Nickel chloride (NiCI2·6H2O), g 72 60 39.6 30
Hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O), % 20 20 20 20
Distill water, % 80 80 80 80
Temperature, °C 90–95 90–95 90–95 90–95
pH value 8-10 8–10 8–10 8–10

Shimadzu XRD-6000 model that X-ray Diffraction Analyzer was run with CuK alpha radiation at 2° per minute as the scan value. An LEO 1430 VP model electron microscope with an Oxford EDX analyzer was utilized for sample microstructural properties and element composition analysis. In the impedance phase analyzer, a 1 Hz frequency was selected. A Nova Control alpha impedance phase analyzer (AEPA) was used in the temperature range of 0–500 C. A 1.5 kW impedance analyzer produced by Hundsangen in Germany was used to measure electrical properties.

Table 2

Conductivity and resistivity of metals

Material Resistivity p (Ωm) at 20°C Conductivity σ (S/m) at 20°C
Cobalt 6.25 × 10−8 1.60 × 107
Nickel 6.84 × 10−8 1.46 × 107
Iron 9.58 × 10−8 1.04 × 107

Resistivity is the opposite of electrical conductivity, evaluating how strongly a metal opposes the flow of electric current. Bulk casting resistance and conductivity values of the materials used are given in Table 1. Fe has the highest electrical resistance. The lowest conductivity value belongs to Co metal. Since the samples produced have a porous structure, it is normal for the conductivity values to be lower than for bulk casting (Table 2).

In Table 3, the physical and mechanical properties of some metal matrix composites are given. As the Ni ratio increased in the Fe–Ni composite, improvements were observed in the mechanical properties of the composite [48]. The shaped (Fe + Co + Ni) samples were calculated using the volumetric variation of the composite samples after sintering (d = (m) mass/(V) volume) (Figure 1). The capacity of composite specimens was compared with Archimedes’ principle. Unless otherwise indicated, the percentages and ratios used in the article are given as weight percent for the samples.

Table 3

Properties of several metal-matrix composites

Fiber Vickers microhardness (MPa) Yield stress (MPa) Ultimate tensile stress (g/cm3)
Fe–5Ni 1,410 ± 90 260 ± 42 342 ± 42
Fe–7Ni 1,700 ± 110 369 ± 30 427 ± 8
Fe–9Ni 1,970 ± 70 383 ± 50 444 ± 33
Fe–9Ni 2,500 ± 100 439 561

3 Results

3.1 Characterization of specimens

The density measurement method is based on the Archimedes principle and is widely used in the measurement of the densities of solid materials. The volume of the pores in the sample is calculated from the weight of the liquid required to fill them. Although most of the pores can be filled by the liquid used, some pores are closed, and these pores are not included in the calculated value because the liquid cannot fill them. Therefore, the calculated porosity and solid density values are called apparent porosity and apparent solid density. Density determination was measured by means of Archimedes’ principle, which states that an object immersed in a liquid loses an amount equal to the weight of the liquid it apparently replaces. In this article, powdered (pressed) samples were prepared using the powder metallurgy method and sintered in a microwave sintering furnace in an argon atmosphere at 1,100°C. The samples were prepared for density as physical properties, hardness, and compression strength values from mechanical properties were examined. Electrical properties were investigated by SEM and X-ray analyses in metallographic examinations. The density–composition change curve of the samples sliced in the microwave is given in Figure 2. Density values for different compositions were determined. The highest density of composition was compared with 4.5 g/cm3 in the (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni composition.

Figure 2 Density–hardness–composition curve in specimens.
Figure 2

Density–hardness–composition curve in specimens.

The hardness–composition variation graph of samples sintered in the microwave sintering furnace is shown in Figure 3. As a result, the highest hardness value (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni of composite specimens fabricated by electroless Ni coating was measured to be 78.18 HB at (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni composition. When we look at the composition ratios, the composition with a high Fe–Co ratio (Fe–37.5% Co) was chosen as 25% Ni. Naturally, it is natural that the hardness value of the specified composition is higher than that of other compositions. The density ratios of the compositions support these data.

Figure 3 Hardness–composition curve in specimens.
Figure 3

Hardness–composition curve in specimens.

Electrical conductivity has already been referred to in discussing the bonding of atoms. It is largely determined by a lot of electrons in the conduction territory, and by the number of holes in the valance band. The average distance traveled by electrons freely in metals will affect the value of electrical conductivity and its temperature coefficient. Resistance and conductivity were applied to determine the electrical properties of the materials produced. The properties of resistance and conductivity are inversely opposite to each other in materials. The resistance of a material describes how much difficulty it has passed to the passage of electrical current. Conductivity is generally represented by the Greek character sigma (σ) and compared with S/m. Resistance (ρ) is related to resistance (R), cross-section (S), and length (L) in the following formula: ρ = RS/L. Individual resistance values of components, Fe, Co, and Ni in 60% Ni-coated Fe–Co composite are given as 8.85 × 10−8 Ωm, 6.24 × 10−8 Ωm, and 6.84 × 10−8 Ωm at 20°C, respectively. The total resistance of composite consisting of Fe, Co, and Ni can be theoretically calculated with respect to their atomic fraction in the mixture as (0.27 × 8.85 + 0.13 × 6.24 + 0.6 × 6.84) × 10−8 Ωm, which is equal to 7.29 × 10−8 Ωm. Results showed that conductivity decreases with increasing frequency of the current, and it becomes completely nonconductive at the frequency of 1 MHz. Within the 1–10 kHz range, the change in resistance varies slightly, and at 100 kHz, the dependency of frequency on the temperature change becomes ineffective (Figure 4).

Figure 4 Comprehension strength–composition temperature curve in specimens.
Figure 4

Comprehension strength–composition temperature curve in specimens.

Electrical conductivity has already been referred to in discussing the bonding of atoms. It is largely determined by a lot of electrons in the conduction territory and by the number of holes in the valance band. The average path followed by electrons freely in metals will affect the value of electrical conductivity and its temperature coefficient. Resistance and conductivity were applied to determine the electrical properties of the materials produced. The properties of resistance and conductivity are inversely opposite to each other in materials. The resistance of a material describes how much difficulty it has passed to the passage of electrical current. Conductivity is generally represented by the Greek character sigma (σ) and compared with S/m. Resistance (ρ) is related to resistance (R), cross-section (S), and length (L) in the following formula: ρ = RS/L. Individual resistance values of components, Fe, Co, and Ni in 60% Ni-coated Fe–Co Composite are given as 8.85 × 10−8, 6.24 × 10−8, and 6.84 × 10−8 Ωm at 20°C, respectively. The total resistance of composite consisting of Fe, Co, and Ni can be theoretically calculated with respect to their atomic fraction in the mixture as (0.27 × 8.85 + 0.13 × 6.24 + 0.6 × 6.84) × 10−8 Ωm, which is equal to 7.29 × 10−8 Ωm. Results showed that conductivity decreases with increasing frequency of the current and it becomes completely nonconductive at the frequency of 1 MHz. Within the 1–10 kHz range, the change in resistance varies slightly and at 100 kHz, the dependency of frequency on the temperature change becomes ineffective (Figure 5).

Figure 5 AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 60% Ni Coated Fe–20% Co composite.
Figure 5

AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 60% Ni Coated Fe–20% Co composite.

The theoretical total resistance of 50% Ni-coated Fe–Co composite was calculated as (0.33 × 8.85 + 0.17 × 6.24 + 0.5 × 6.84) × 10−8 Ωm = 6.86 × 10−8 Ωm with the same method as given above. The change in composition eventually changed the total resistance from 2.6 S/cm in 60% Ni-coated Fe–Co to 2.8 S/cm in 50% Ni-coated Fe–Co composite compared with 1 kHz. In the range of 1–10 kHz, the conductivity decreases with increasing operating temperature. At 100 kHz, the effect of temperature on the conductivity appears to be very small (Figure 6).

Figure 6 AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 50% Ni-coated Fe–25% Co composite.
Figure 6

AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 50% Ni-coated Fe–25% Co composite.

The theoretical resistivity of 33% Ni-coated Fe–Co–Ni composites is given as (0.44 × 8.85 + 0.23 × 6.24 + 0.33 × 6.84 × 10−8 Ωm = 7.57 × 10−8 Ωm and the resistance was experimentally measured to be 2.1 S/cm at 1 kHz. Within 130–160°C the conductivity fluctuates dramatically to increase but above 160°C the conductivity decreases. As expected from other experiments, the conductivity becomes very low at 1 MHz. The conductivity decreases with increasing temperature within 1–10 kHz, however, at 100 kHz the effect is not considerable (Figure 7).

Figure 7 AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 33% Ni-coated Fe–33% Co composite.
Figure 7

AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 33% Ni-coated Fe–33% Co composite.

The effect of lower Ni addition on the total resistance was also studied with 25% Ni. The total theoretical resistance was calculated as (0.5 × 8.85 + 0.25 × 6.24 + 0.25 × 6.84 × 10−8 Ωm = 7.69 × 10−8 Ωm but experimentally found to be 2.2 S/cm at 1 kHz. At frequencies of 1 and 10 kHz and within the range of 40–500°C, a distinctive fluctuation in the conductivity values was observed. At 100 kHz, the temperature effect was not important and it became nonconductive at 1 MHz (Figure 8).

Figure 8 AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 25% Ni-coated Fe–Co composite.
Figure 8

AEPA graphs of the composition-dependent change in conductivity-received 25% Ni-coated Fe–Co composite.

3.2 Metallographic analysis

Fe–Co powders are sintered by a uniaxial press after sintering. In the SEM image, grain growth was observed. It is seen that the boundaries between the particles become apparent. At intercalary, there are pores in the grain boundaries that are homogeneously distributed in places (Figure 9).

Figure 9 SEM micrographs of 25% Ni-coated Fe–37.5% 5Co, Mag. 2k×.
Figure 9

SEM micrographs of 25% Ni-coated Fe–37.5% 5Co, Mag. 2k×.

SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed in order to reveal the effect of electroless nickel coating on the particles and to identify the sample formed. Figure 10 shows the microwave sintering at 1,100°C for different compositions produced. In the samples, the non-flowing Ni coating formed the Ni layer with a low pore density. It has shown a higher green product mechanical property prior to the sintering process (Figure 10).

Figure 10 SEM micrographs of 25% Ni-coated Fe–37.5% Co, Mag. 3k×.
Figure 10

SEM micrographs of 25% Ni-coated Fe–37.5% Co, Mag. 3k×.

It is given by linear EDX analysis on the sample of its (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni composition. As a result of the analysis, the peaks of Ni, Co, and Fe elements were found. In addition to these elements, the oxygen peak was also found. The lack of high purity of argon gas during sintering is effective in seeing oxygen. As a result of the analysis, the elements show a homogeneous distribution on the linear line (Figure 11).

Figure 11 EDX-Analysis of the (Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.
Figure 11

EDX-Analysis of the (Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.

In Figure 12, Ni, CoFe, FeNi3, and FeNi phases climaxes can be observed in the XRD analysis of (Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni composite specimens sintered in a microwave oven at 1,100°C. The further addition of Ni particles into the matrix appears to have increased the amount of FeNi3 phase as seen in Figures 12 and 13. The intensity of peaks of FeNi in 25% Ni added specimens has more intermetallic phase compared to 60% Ni added specimens. This caused a decrease in the number of intermetallic phases, forming mostly FeNi3 which has more Ni atoms since Ni is more available for the formation of higher Ni compounds. The increase of Ni also caused the appearance of pure Ni peaks. The Fe and Co, Fe phases were also affected by the addition of Ni.

Figure 12 X-ray diffraction of the (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.
Figure 12

X-ray diffraction of the (Fe–37.5% Co) 25% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.

Figure 13 X-ray diffraction of the (Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.
Figure 13

X-ray diffraction of the (Fe–20% Co) 60% Ni specimen at 1,100°C.

4 Conclusion

The electroless nickel-coating process is a method that has many advantages in improving the mechanical properties of materials. Since the Fe and Co ratios of the samples produced from the (Fe–Co) 25% Ni composition are higher than the other compositions, an increase in hardness and density was obtained. In the sintering of the samples, energy saving was achieved by providing sintering in a short time of 30 min with the microwave sintering technique. In the conventional system, a minimum of 4 h is required for the furnace to reach the required temperature and for the sintering process. The use of a Ni coating and an argon atmosphere increased the oxidation resistance. It provides the advantage of sintering as well as easy shaping of powder materials. There is a direct relationship between theoretical and experimental resistance that has been obtained from an impedance phase analyzer. A resistance measurement could be made up to 100 kHz, and above this value the resistance was unreadable. Up to 500°C, the conductivity decreased linearly in 60% and 50% Ni additions, but in 33% and 25% Ni additions, there appear to be fluxions in the resistance values due probably to decreased conductivity with a lower percentage of connecting Ni-coated particles.

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by Afyon Kocatepe University. We would like to thank TUAM for their support.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by A. Yönetken.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization, A.Y.; methodology, A.Y.; software, A.Y.; validation, A.Y; formal analysis, A.Y.; investigation, A.Y.; resources, A.Y.; data curation, A.Y; writing – original draft preparation, A.Y.; writing – review and editing, A.Y.; visualization, A.Y.; funding acquisition, A.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

  4. Declaration: Raw data were generated at Afyon Kocatepe University Technology Research and Application Center (TUAM). Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author Ahmet Yonetken on request.

  5. Institutional review board statement: Not applicable.

  6. Informed consent statement: Not applicable.

  7. Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

References

[1] Sidorenko YA, Kukin PI. Phosphorus-free electroless nickel deposits on powders. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 1977;16(2):104–5.10.1007/BF00793783Search in Google Scholar

[2] Singh S, Gangwar S, Yadav S. A review on mechanical and tribological properties of micro/nano filled metal alloy composites. Mater Today Proc. 2017;4(4):5583–92.10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.015Search in Google Scholar

[3] Özkan V, Sarpün İH, Erol A, Yönetken A. Influence of mean grain size with ultrasonic velocity on micro-hardness of B4C–Fe–Ni composite. J Alloy Compd. 2013;574:512–9.10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.097Search in Google Scholar

[4] Ünal R, Sarpün IH, Yalım HA, Erol A, Özdemir T, Tuncel S. The mean grain size determination of boron carbide (B4C)–aluminium (Al) and boron carbide (B4C)–nickel (Ni) composites by ultrasonic velocity technique. Mater Charact. 2006;56(3):241–4.10.1016/j.matchar.2005.11.006Search in Google Scholar

[5] Malidarreh RB, Akkurt İ, Günoğlu K, Akyıldırım H. Fast neutrons shielding properties for Fe2O3 added composite. Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng. 2021;7(3):143–5. 10.22399/ijcesen.1012039.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Malidarreh RB, Akkurt I, Malidarreh Boodaghi P, Arslankaya S. Investigation and ANN-based prediction of the radiation shielding, structural and mechanical properties of the Hydroxyapatite (HAP) bio-composite as artificial bone. Radiat Phys Chem. 2022;197:1–11.10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110208Search in Google Scholar

[7] Ozhan Doğan S, Özden T. Optimization of welding application parameters of thin sheet blocks used in the new-generation ship hull. Emerg Mater Res. 2022;11(1):67–75. 10.1680/jemmr.20.00330.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Gunoglu K, Özkavaka Varol H, Akkurt İ. Evaluation of gamma ray attenuation properties of boron carbide (B4C) doped AISI 316 stainless steel: Experimental, XCOM and Phy-X/PSD database software. Mater Today Commun. 2021;29. 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102793.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Akkurt I, Malidarre RB. Physical, structural, and mechanical properties of the concrete by Fluka code and phy-X/PSD software. Radiat Phys Chem. 2022;193:1–10. 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109958.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Arslankaya Çelik SMT. Green supplier selection in steel door industry using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy Moora methods. Emerg Mater Res. 2021;10(4):357–69.10.1680/jemmr.21.00011Search in Google Scholar

[11] Rajan TP, Pillai RM, Pai BC. Reinforcement coatings and interfaces in aluminium metal matrix composites. J Mater Sci. 1998;33(14):3491–503.10.1023/A:1004674822751Search in Google Scholar

[12] Peng GY, Fang YS, Zhe ZJ, Chen WZ, Yu ZM. Preparation of active carbon with high specific surface area from rice husks. Chem Res Chin Univ. 2000;21:335–8.Search in Google Scholar

[13] Frage N, Froumin N, Dariel MP. Wetting of TiC by non-reactive liquid metals. Acta Mater. 2002;50(2):237–45.10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00349-4Search in Google Scholar

[14] Yönetken A. Investigation of electrical characteristics of composites produced by electroless Ni plating of Si3N4. Gazi Univ J Sci. 2015;28(3):419–24.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Özkan BV, Sarpün İH, Erol A, Yönetken A. Mean grain size and pore effects on ultrasonic properties of WC–Fe–Ni and SiC–Fe–Ni composites. Acta Phys Pol A. 2013;123(4):688–94.10.12693/APhysPolA.123.688Search in Google Scholar

[16] Akkurt I, Akyıldırım H, Karipçin F, Mavi B. Chemical corrosion on gamma-ray attenuation properties of barite concrete. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2012;16(2):199–202.10.1016/j.jscs.2011.01.003Search in Google Scholar

[17] Kayiran HF. Numerical analysis of composite discs with carbon/epoxy and aramid/epoxy materials. Emerg Mater Res. 2022;11(1):155–9.10.1680/jemmr.21.00052Search in Google Scholar

[18] Liakopoulos TM, Xu M, Ahn CH. Proceedings of the Technical Digest Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop. Vol. 19. SC, USA: Hilton Head Island; 1998.10.31438/trf.hh1998.5Search in Google Scholar

[19] Malidarrea RB, Kulali F, Inal A, Oz A. Monte Carlo simulation of the waste soda-lime-silica glass system contained Sb2O3. Emerg Mater Res. 2020;9(4):1334–40.10.1680/jemmr.20.00202Search in Google Scholar

[20] Akkurt I, Tekin HO. Radiological parameters for bismuth oxide glasses using phy-X/PSD software. Emerg Mater Res. 2020;9(3):1020–7.10.1680/jemmr.20.00209Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kulali F. Simulation studies on radiological parameters for marble concrete. Emerg Mater Res. 2020;9(4):1341–7.10.1680/jemmr.20.00307Search in Google Scholar

[22] Yönetken A. Fabrication of electroless Ni plated Fe–Al2O3 ceramic–metal matrix composites. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2015;68(5):675–81.10.1007/s12666-014-0497-1Search in Google Scholar

[23] Yönetken A, Erol A. Sintering and characterization of SiC reinforced Ni powders in microwave furnace. Int J Eng Res Dev. 2020;12(1):83–9.10.29137/umagd.474003Search in Google Scholar

[24] Ban ZG, Shaw LL. Synthesis and processing of nanostructured WC–Co materials. J Mater Sci. 2002;37(16):3397–403.10.1023/A:1016553426227Search in Google Scholar

[25] Upadhyaya GS, Bhaumik SK. Sintering of submicron WC-10wt.%. Mater Sci Eng A. 1988;249:105–6.10.1016/0025-5416(88)90503-4Search in Google Scholar

[26] Nagayama T, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T. Thermal expansions and mechanical properties of electro-deposited Fe–Ni alloys in the invar composition range. Electrochim Acta. 2016;205:178–87.10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.089Search in Google Scholar

[27] Yichun L, Lei L, Zhong W, Jiake L, Shen B, Hu W. Grain growth and grain size effects on the thermal expansion properties of an electro-deposited Fe–Ni invar alloy. Scr Mater. 2010;63(4):359–62.10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.006Search in Google Scholar

[28] Peng Y, Zhu Z, Chen J, Ren J, Han T. Research on pulse electro-deposition of Fe–Ni alloy. AIP Adv. 2014;4(3):31301–5.10.1063/1.4861125Search in Google Scholar

[29] Matsui I, Mori H, Kawakatsu T, Takigawa Y, Uesugi T, Higashi K. Mechanical behavior of electrodeposited bulk nanocrystalline Fe–Ni alloys. Mater Res. 2015;18(suppl 1):95–100.10.1590/1516-1439.329014Search in Google Scholar

[30] Pande S, Saha A, Jana S, Sarkar S, Basu M, Pradhan M, et al. Resin-immobilized CuO and Cu nanocomposites for alcohol oxidation. Org Lett. 2008 Nov;10(22):5179–81.10.1021/ol802040xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Xu C, Sun S. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles as targeted probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Dalton Trans. 2009 Aug;5583(29):5583–91.10.1039/b900272nSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[32] Miguel OB, Morales MP, Tartaj P, Cabello JR, Bonville P, Santos M, et al. Modeling of the laser pyrolysis process by means of the aerosol theory: case of iron nanoparticles. J Appl Phys. 2010;107(1):014906.10.1063/1.3273483Search in Google Scholar

[33] Jafari T, Simchi A, Khakpash N. Synthesis and cytotoxicity assessment of superparamagnetic iron-gold core-shell nanoparticles coated with polyglycerol. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 May;345(1):64–71.10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[34] Kenneth SS, Mingming F, Taeghwan H. Sonochemical synthesis of iron colloids. J Am Chem Soc. 1996;118(47):11960–1.10.1021/ja961807nSearch in Google Scholar

[35] Kim CW, Cha HG, Kim YH, Jadhav AP, Ji ES, Kang DI, et al. Surface investigation and magnetic behavior of Co nanoparticles prepared via a surfactant-mediated polyol process. J Phys Chem C. 2009;113(13):5081–6.10.1021/jp809113hSearch in Google Scholar

[36] Alagiri M, Muthamizhchelvan C, Ponnusamy S. Structural and magnetic properties of iron, cobalt and nickel nanoparticles. Synth Met. 2011;161(15–16):1776–80.10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.05.030Search in Google Scholar

[37] Yönetken A. Fabrication Of electroless Ni plated Fe-Al2O3 ceramic metal matrix composites. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2015;68(5):675–81.10.1007/s12666-014-0497-1Search in Google Scholar

[38] Peşmen G, Erol A, Yönetken A. Production of Ni Cr Ti natural fibres composite and investigation of mechanical properties. Am Inst Phys Proc. 2015:1653;020087.10.1063/1.4914278Search in Google Scholar

[39] Yönetken A, Erol A. The effect of microwave sintering on the properties of electroless Ni plated WC Fe Ni composites. Sci Eng Compos Mater. 2010;17(3):191–8.10.1515/SECM.2010.17.3.191Search in Google Scholar

[40] Yönetken A, Erol A. Fabrication of electroless Ni plated Fe TiC metal matrix composites. Sci Eng Compos Mater. 2011;18(3):145–9.10.1515/secm.2011.024Search in Google Scholar

[41] Erol A, Bilici Özkan V, Yönetken A. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic-metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique. Open Chem. 2022;20(1):593–601.10.1515/chem-2022-0180Search in Google Scholar

[42] Yönetken A, Erol A, Peşmen G. Characterization of egg shell powder doped ceramic-metal composites. Open Chem. 2022;20(1):716–24. 10.1515/chem-2022-0175.Search in Google Scholar

[43] Nour-Eldin M, Elkady O, Yehia HM. Timeless powder hot compaction of nickel-reinforced Al/(Al2O3-Graphene, Nanosheet) composite for light applications using hydrazine reduction method. J Mater Eng Perform. 2022;31(8):6545–60.10.1007/s11665-022-06749-wSearch in Google Scholar

[44] Elkady OA, Yehia HM, Ibrahim A, Elhabak AM, Elsayed EM, Mahdy A. Direct observation of induced graphene and SiC strengthening in Al–Ni alloy via the hot pressing technique. Cryst (Basel). 2021;11(9):1142.10.3390/cryst11091142Search in Google Scholar

[45] Yehia HM, El-Kady O, Abu-Oqail A. Effect of diamond additions on the microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of WC- TiC- Co/Ni Nano-composite. Int J Refract Hard Met. 2017;71:198–205.10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.11.018Search in Google Scholar

[46] Abolkassem SA, Elkady OA, Elsaye AH, Walaa AH, Yehya HM. Effect of consolidation techniques on the properties of Al matrix composite reinforced with nano Ni-coated SiC. Results Phys. 2018;9:1102–11.10.1016/j.rinp.2018.02.063Search in Google Scholar

[47] Daoush WM, Abdel MF, El-Sayed MH, El-Nikhaily AE. Microstructure, hardness, wear, and magnetic properties of (Tantalum, Niobium) carbide- nickel-sintered composites fabricated from blended and coated particles. Mater Perform Charact. 2020;9(4):2019012.10.1520/MPC20190128Search in Google Scholar

[48] Yehia HM, Elkady O, Elmahdy M. Tungsten carbide matrix nanocomposite. Int J Eng Adv Technol. 2022;11(5):82–5.10.35940/ijeat.E3526.0611522Search in Google Scholar

[49] Ahles AA, Emery JD, Dunand DC. Mechanical properties of meteoritic Fe–Ni alloys for in-situ extraterrestrial structures. Acta Astronaut. 2021;189:465–75.10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.001Search in Google Scholar

[50] Yönetken A, Erol A. Sintering and characterization of SiC reinforced Ni powders in microwave furnace. Uluslar Mühendislik Araştırma ve Geliştirme Derg. 2020;12(1):83–9.10.29137/umagd.474003Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2022-07-21
Revised: 2022-09-05
Accepted: 2022-09-28
Published Online: 2022-10-28

© 2022 Ahmet Yonetken, published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous phase by bimetallic metal-organic framework M/Fe-MOF (M = Co, Cu, and Mg)
  3. Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy
  4. A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
  5. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
  6. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
  7. Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
  8. Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
  9. Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
  10. Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
  11. Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
  12. Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
  13. Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
  14. Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
  15. Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
  87. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
  135. Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
  137. A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
  138. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
  139. Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
  140. Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
  141. Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
  142. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
  143. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
  144. Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
  145. An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea
  146. Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
  147. Solvent effect, dipole moment, and DFT studies of multi donor–acceptor type pyridine derivative
  148. An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
  149. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  150. Energetics of carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon revisited: A computational study of intermolecular hydrogen bond domination on phenylacetic acid–nicotinamide cocrystals
  151. A review: Silver–zinc oxide nanoparticles – organoclay-reinforced chitosan bionanocomposites for food packaging
  152. Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment
  153. Coagulation activity of liquid extraction of Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora on the removal of turbidity
  154. Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil over NiMoO4/activated carbon catalyst to produce biogasoline and kerosine
  155. Special Issue on Pharmacology and metabolomics of ethnobotanical and herbal medicine
  156. Cynarin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and activation in hepatic stellate cells through PPARγ
  157. Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
  158. Surfactant evaluation for enhanced oil recovery: Phase behavior and interfacial tension
  159. Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  160. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae)
  161. Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Trewia nudiflora Linn. leaf extract deciphers therapeutic potentials against thrombosis, arthritis, helminths, and insects
  162. Pergularia tomentosa coupled with selenium nanoparticles salvaged lead acetate-induced redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disruption of neurotransmission in rats’ brain
  163. Protective effect of Allium atroviolaceum-synthesized SeNPs on aluminum-induced brain damage in mice
  164. Mechanism study of Cordyceps sinensis alleviates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
  165. Plant-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine prevents human podocyte injury by regulating the miR-150-5p/NPHS1 axis
  166. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking to explore the anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of β-ecdysone derived from medicinal plants
  167. Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  168. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part I
  169. Investigation of improved optical and conductivity properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)–MXenes (PMMA–MXenes) nanocomposite thin films for optoelectronic applications
  170. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2022)
  171. Model predictive control for precision irrigation of a Quinoa crop
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0220
Keywords for this article
powder metallurgy; microwave sintering; composite and electroless nickel coating
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous phase by bimetallic metal-organic framework M/Fe-MOF (M = Co, Cu, and Mg)
  3. Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy
  4. A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
  5. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
  6. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
  7. Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
  8. Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
  9. Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
  10. Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
  11. Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
  12. Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
  13. Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
  14. Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
  15. Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
  87. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
  135. Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
  137. A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
  138. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
  139. Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
  140. Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
  141. Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
  142. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
  143. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
  144. Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
  145. An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea
  146. Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
  147. Solvent effect, dipole moment, and DFT studies of multi donor–acceptor type pyridine derivative
  148. An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
  149. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  150. Energetics of carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthon revisited: A computational study of intermolecular hydrogen bond domination on phenylacetic acid–nicotinamide cocrystals
  151. A review: Silver–zinc oxide nanoparticles – organoclay-reinforced chitosan bionanocomposites for food packaging
  152. Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment
  153. Coagulation activity of liquid extraction of Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania grandiflora on the removal of turbidity
  154. Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil over NiMoO4/activated carbon catalyst to produce biogasoline and kerosine
  155. Special Issue on Pharmacology and metabolomics of ethnobotanical and herbal medicine
  156. Cynarin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and activation in hepatic stellate cells through PPARγ
  157. Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
  158. Surfactant evaluation for enhanced oil recovery: Phase behavior and interfacial tension
  159. Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  160. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae)
  161. Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Trewia nudiflora Linn. leaf extract deciphers therapeutic potentials against thrombosis, arthritis, helminths, and insects
  162. Pergularia tomentosa coupled with selenium nanoparticles salvaged lead acetate-induced redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, and disruption of neurotransmission in rats’ brain
  163. Protective effect of Allium atroviolaceum-synthesized SeNPs on aluminum-induced brain damage in mice
  164. Mechanism study of Cordyceps sinensis alleviates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
  165. Plant-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine prevents human podocyte injury by regulating the miR-150-5p/NPHS1 axis
  166. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking to explore the anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of β-ecdysone derived from medicinal plants
  167. Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  168. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part I
  169. Investigation of improved optical and conductivity properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)–MXenes (PMMA–MXenes) nanocomposite thin films for optoelectronic applications
  170. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2022)
  171. Model predictive control for precision irrigation of a Quinoa crop
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 9.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2022-0220/html
Scroll to top button