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Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations

  • Muhammet Demirkiran EMAIL logo and Abdulhakim Karakaya
Published/Copyright: August 17, 2022
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Many forms of energy are used in daily life. The most needed of these different forms is electricity. If this energy continues to be met with limited resources, it is clearly seen that sufficient energy needs will not be met in the future. Therefore, in the generation of electrical energy, existing resources must be used extremely efficiently. With the development of technology, electrical energy production is carried out more efficiently with non-renewable energy sources. These technological developments, which come to a certain point, can meet the demanded energy need up to a certain level. For this reason, many studies are carried out on renewable energy sources in order to respond to the needed energy demands. Therefore, in this study, the effect of geographical conditions on panel efficiency in electricity generation with solar panels, which is one of the renewable energy sources, was analyzed. Analyzes were carried out with power plant models installed in four different geographical regions of Turkey using the design and simulation software for photovoltaic systems program for PV systems. The effects of latitude, altitude and temperature on electrical energy production were investigated using the established power plant models.

Keywords: geographical conditions; electrical energy; PVSOL; renewable energy

1 Introduction

Photovoltaic (PV) panels work according to the principle of generating electric current by the release of electrons in semiconductor cells by the sun’s rays. The sun is a source of both heat and light. PV panels, on the other hand, need light. However, solar heat negatively affects PV panels. PV systems are exposed to different light and heat depending on geographical regions, latitude and longitude. Therefore, the geographic location where the PV systems will be installed will affect the panel efficiency.

When the literature studies on the efficiency analyses of PV systems depending on changing conditions are examined, Buni et al. examined the effect of solar radiation increase on panel efficiency [1]. Adak et al. examined the changes in the output power of PV panels depending on temperature and solar radiation [2]. Usman et al. investigated the performance of PV systems depending on solar radiation, shading, dust and geographical location [3]. Rodziewicz et al. examined the efficiency analysis of PV systems on sunny and cloudy days [4]. Koo et al. performed the efficiency analysis of solar radiation, which changes due to climatic and environmental conditions, with the monthly average daily solar radiation model, which makes a highly accurate prediction using an artificial neural network [5]. Demir and Özkan investigated the efficiency of temperature and zenith angle on PV panels in their study in Konya, Turkey [6]. Bhol et al. investigated the effects of different environmental factors such as dust, color, radiation and shading on the performance of solar panels [7]. Dubey et al. studied the operating temperature of solar cells and their effects on PV systems [8]. Ye et al. examined the roofing material, ventilation, panel framing and other environmental conditions that affect the panel temperature of PV systems installed in the tropics [9]. Narkwatchara et al. investigated the effects of 2.5 micron particulate matter, ambient temperature and other factors on PV systems in tropical climates [10]. Bergin et al. studied the varying solar radiation of atmospheric particles in different geographies and the efficiency of PV systems in places with high levels of dust or particulate matter [11]. Al-Bashir et al. investigated the wind speed, solar radiation intensity and cell temperature difference affecting the PV system established at Hashemi University in Jordan [12]. Li et al. examined that the efficiency of solar cells varies inversely with the temperature, and PV systems in hot regions operate more efficiently when the temperature is lowered [13]. Poudyal et al., above sea level, 72, 800, 1,350, 2,850 m, Biratnagar (26.45°N, 87.27°E), Pokhara (28.22°N, 83.32°E), Kathmandu (27.72°N, 85.32°E) and Lukla (26.69°N,86. 73°E), compared the solar radiation of the regions. According to the results, the total maximum solar radiation was observed in Biratnagar with 704.51 W/m2, Pokhara with 815.97 W/m2, Kathmandu with 777.27 W/m2 and Lukla with 914.03 W/m2. Also, during the year, average daily solar energy values of 4.95, 5.44, 5.19 and 4.61 kW h/m2 were found in Biratnagar, Pokhara Kathmandu and Lukla, respectively [14]. Madhavan and Ratnam, in their study in Gadanki, India, investigated the effect of solar radiation observed due to the annular lunar eclipse on the PV system [15]. Başay et al., in their study in Bursa, Turkey, investigated the effect of solar radiation, shading, and temperature on PV panel efficiency [16]. Singh et al. examined the efficiency of PV systems for six different regions in India. They were analyzed according to hot and humid, cold and humid, cold and sunny, cold and cloudy conditions [17]. Øgaarda et al. performed the efficiency analysis of a PV power plant with an installed power of 3.3 MW in Norway; snowy, variable weather conditions, temperature, low light and solar radiation changes were examined [18]. Liu et al. examined the efficiency of PV systems to be installed in buildings in areas with high solar radiation in terms of environmental benefits and economics [19]. Li et al. investigated the effects of the temperature difference between the lake and the land and the variation of air temperature and solar radiation on PV systems [20]. Del Pero et al. improved the efficiency of PV systems, apart from effects such as temperature, solar radiation, snow, pollution and wind speed, by performing an analysis taking into account the effect of rain [21]. Castillejo-Cuberos and Escobar studied the effects of short-term solar radiation variation on PV systems [22]. Lin and Ravindra investigated the panel sub-temperature effects of solar cells and the performance of solar panels in the range of 80–380°K [23]. Many studies have been carried out to analyze the efficiency of PV systems using different programs [24,25,26,27,28,29,30] and also in different purposes [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40].

The photovoltaic systems (PVSOL) program allows users to carry out various analyzes based on real climate data. Therefore, these climate data vary according to the selected location. The climate data for the selected locations in this article are from 1991 to 2010. Using these climate data, the PVSOL program determines the average solar radiation, average temperature and shading conditions of the selected regions for the coming years. In line with these data obtained, twenty-year data analyses of the power plants to be established can be carried out. In this study, a 250 kWp (kilo watt peak) solar power plant with the same characteristics installed in four different geographical regions of Turkey was analyzed using the PVSOL program. Polycrystalline solar panels, which are widely used in the market, were used in the power plant models to be established. Annual electrical energy production efficiencies have been obtained from these established power plant models, depending on latitude and altitude. The effects of annual mean solar radiation value depending on latitude and temperature depending on altitude on electricity production were investigated. In addition, the cost analyzes of the established power plants were made, and the amortization and profit periods were compared.

2 Electricity generation from the sun

Electricity is produced from the sun by two methods: thermal and PV. In the thermal method, water vapor heated by the sun is used. In the PV method, electricity is produced according to the principle of solar rays moving free electrons in semiconductors. Monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin film, flexible and transparent solar panels are used in PV systems.

3 Monocrystalline solar panels

The purity of the semiconductors used in monocrystalline solar panels is quite high. Sand and quartz found in nature contain abundant silicon semiconductors. Since the purity level of the sand is low, quartz is preferred in monocrystalline panel production. By processing quartz, 99% pure silicon is obtained, and this silicon is used in the production of monocrystalline solar panels.

4 Polycrystalline solar panels

The purity of the semiconductors used in polycrystalline solar panels is lower than that of the semiconductors used in monocrystalline solar panels. The images of the polycrystalline solar panels created without the use of purification methods are also not homogeneous and their costs are lower. Panel efficiencies are lower than monocrystalline panels due to their multi-crystalline structure.

5 Thin film solar panels

Thin-film solar panels are obtained by stacking different semiconductors in thin layers. Substances such as amorphous silicon, micromorph cell, copper indium and cadmium telluride are materials used in thin-film solar panel construction. Amorphous silicon is commonly preferred. Their efficiency is less than monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels.

6 Flexible solar panels

Flexible solar panels can be produced from monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or thin film. Such panels do not have an aluminum frame or tempered glass. Therefore, their weight is lower than other panels. Thanks to their flexible structures, they can be used easily in air, land and sea vehicles, bus stops and inclined lands.

7 Transparent solar panels

Although not widely used yet, such solar panels, which are in the research and development stage, can generate electricity from the sun with the help of their transparent structure and do not block the sun. Thanks to this feature, transparent solar panels will be able to produce more energy by using them in normal living spaces.

8 PVSOL program

With the PVSOL program, two-dimensional or three-dimensional design of PV systems can be made. In addition, devices, battery systems, electric vehicles and on-grid and off-grid network systems can be designed using climate and geographical data in the PVSOL program. In addition to these, visual and graphical data of the systems can be obtained by using PVSOL, a dynamic simulation program.

9 Solar power plants

Using the PVSOL program, four solar power plants with characteristics were designed in Turkey’s Erzurum, Çanakkale, Sinop and Hatay provinces. In each of these power plants, 1000 Solar Energy SA SE 250/60P Polycrystalline solar panels were used. The panels are modeled to be installed on a total area of 3,286 m2 with a width of 53 m and a length of 62 m. In order to carry out the installation and necessary maintenance, roads were built on the edges of the land of 50 cm and between the panels at 10 m intervals. The panel mounting angle is 30°. The distance between the panels is 1.636 m. Five inverters from the SMA Solar Technology AGI Sunny Tripower CORE 1 model are used to connect the system to the grid. The power of each power plant is 250 kWp. The power plant models are three-phase, with a voltage value of 230 volts between phase and neutral, connected to the grid (on-grid). The efficiency losses of the panels used in the system are taken into account. Incentive payments between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2025, the value of 0.4 Ł/kWh to be applied for the solar-energy-based generation facility, have been used in the calculations. Electricity tariffs in the names of electricity distribution companies in the geographical region of each province where the power plant model was established were created at a value of 0.4 Ł/kWh, and payments were made over these tariffs. A monthly expense of 2,000 Ł has been shown to the power plants as security and operating expenses. The view of the power plant taken from the PVSOL program is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The view of the solar plant from the south side.
Figure 1

The view of the solar plant from the south side.

9.1 Solar Energy Cell (SCE) Erzurum (East) power plant

Erzurum Energy Production Plant, which is the first of the four power plants to be established by SCE, has an average altitude of 1,900 m. Its coordinates are 39° north latitude and 41° east longitude. The annual average solar radiation value is 1,456 kW h/m2. The annual average temperature is 5°C. Figure 2 shows the information about the Erzurum power plant.

Figure 2 PVSOL program screenshot of Erzurum power plant.
Figure 2

PVSOL program screenshot of Erzurum power plant.

9.2 SCE Çanakkale (West) power plant

The average elevation of the Çanakkale power plant, which is the second of the four power plants to be built by SCE, is 12 m. Its coordinates are 40° north latitude and 26° east longitude. The annual average solar radiation value is 1,443 kW h/m2. The annual average temperature is 15.3°C. Figure 3 shows the information about the Çanakkale power plant.

Figure 3 PVSOL program screenshot of Çanakkale power plant.
Figure 3

PVSOL program screenshot of Çanakkale power plant.

9.3 SCE Sinop (North) power plant

The average elevation of the Sinop power plant, which is the third of the four power plants to be established by SCE, is 25 m. Its coordinates are 42° north latitude and 35° east longitude. The annual average solar radiation value is 1,506 kW h/m2. The annual average temperature is 14.8°C. Figure 4 shows the information about Sinop power plant.

Figure 4 PVSOL program screenshot of Sinop power plant.
Figure 4

PVSOL program screenshot of Sinop power plant.

9.4 SCE Hatay (South) power plant

The average altitude of the Hatay power plant, which is the fourth of the four power plants to be established by SCE, is 89 m. Its coordinates are 36° north latitude and 36° east longitude. The annual average solar radiation value is 1,700 kW h/m2. The annual average temperature is 20°C. Figure 5 shows the information about the Hatay power plant.

Figure 5 PVSOL program screenshot of Hatay power plant.
Figure 5

PVSOL program screenshot of Hatay power plant.

10 Data analyses

In this section, the data obtained from the power plant models created in the PVSOL program were analyzed. The effect of East and West power plants on electricity production in terms of altitude was been examined. On the other hand, the effect of latitude difference on electricity generation in North and South power plants was examined. Then, the cost data of four power plants were analyzed. As a result of this analysis, amortization and profit periods were compared.

10.1 Geographical locations of power plants

Table 1 shows the data for the four power plants to be established. When Table 1 is examined, according to the location selected in the PVSOL program, the average radiation amount, average temperature data and altitude information of the relevant region are displayed by using the actual data between 1991 and 2010. According to this information, since the Hatay power plant is closer to the equator in terms of latitude, the solar radiation value is higher than in other provinces. Therefore, the amount of electricity production and the income will increase. Since the Erzurum power plant is in a high-altitude region, the annual average temperature is lower. A low temperature will increase the efficiency of the panels.

Table 1

Data of the power plants to be established

Power plant data Power plants
Erzurum power plant Çanakkale power plant Sinop power plant Hatay power plant
Latitude (North) 39 40 42 36
Longitude (East) 41 26 35 36
Time zone UTC + 2 UTC + 2 UTC + 2 UTC + 2
Time period 1991–2010 1991–2010 1991–2010 1991–2010
Annual average radiation (kW h/m²) 1,456 1,443 1,506 1,700
Average annual temperature (°C) 5 15.3 14.8 20
Altitude (m) 1,900 12 25 89

10.2 Energy production data of power plants by month

Figure 6 shows the monthly energy production graph of the power plants. Because the value of solar radiation in winter months is less than in summer months, it is observed that the amount of electricity production decreases (Figure 6). The main factor in electricity production is the solar radiation value. However, due to special conditions such as different shading, weather changes and temperature difference, electricity generation close to each other was realized in some months, as in Erzurum and Çanakkale power plants, which have close solar radiation values. It has been clearly shown that when Hatay and Sinop power plants are located at different latitudes, and Çanakkale and Erzurum power plants are at different altitudes, the amount of energy they produce is not equal.

Figure 6 Energy production graph of power plants by months.
Figure 6

Energy production graph of power plants by months.

10.3 Estimated earnings of power plants by years

Figure 7 shows the estimated earnings graph of the power plants over the years. Since the efficiency loss is taken into account in the solar panels used, it is observed that there is a decrease in electricity production depending on time. Therefore, the profit which is obtained decreases with time, as well. The Hatay power plant, which has a more efficient geographical location in terms of solar radiation, achieved the highest gain. Çanakkale and Erzurum power plants, which are at approximately the same latitude, have higher gains than Erzurum power plants, which are in a colder region. Although the solar radiation values of the regions close to the equator increase, it is shown that the Sinop power plant gains close to the Erzurum power plant owing to special environmental conditions.

Figure 7 Estimated earnings graph of power plants by years.
Figure 7

Estimated earnings graph of power plants by years.

Table 2 contains the financial data of the power plants. When Table 2 is examined; total expenses and investment costs are equal in all power plants. At the end of the twenty-first year, it is shown that the least profit is obtained from Çanakkale power plant and the highest gain from the Hatay power plant.

Table 2

Income–expense table of the power plants

Power plants
Erzurum Çanakkale Sinop Hatay
Total earnings Ł2497276.68 Ł2398026.28 Ł2491731.00 Ł2835150.22
Total expenses Ł42000.00 Ł42000.00 Ł42000.00 Ł42000.00
Investment cost Ł2220000.00 Ł2220000.00 Ł2220000.00 Ł2220000.00

Figure 8 shows the graph of the financial status of the power plants at the end of the twenty-first year. Table 2 and Figure 8 show that Çanakkale, Erzurum, Sinop and Hatay power plants made a profit of 136026.28, 229731.00, 235276.68 and 541650.22 Ł, respectively.

Figure 8 Financial position graphs of power plants at the end of the twenty-first year.
Figure 8

Financial position graphs of power plants at the end of the twenty-first year.

10.4 Annual specific gain data of power plants

Figure 9 shows the annual specific gain values of the four power plants. Although Erzurum and Çanakkale power plants are approximately at the same latitude, the effect of temperature difference due to altitude on panel efficiency is observed. Although Sinop and Hatay power plants are approximately at the same longitude, the Hatay power plant produced more electricity due to the high solar radiation on account of latitude.

Figure 9 Annual specific earnings of power plants.
Figure 9

Annual specific earnings of power plants.

10.5 Shading data of power plants

Figure 10 indicates the percentage gain and loss account of the power plants due to shading. The power plants are designed with the same features in the PVSOL program. On the contrary, due to their geographical location, the power plants have different cloudiness rates during the day and the year. Therefore, the gain/loss due to shading is different for each plant. Losses of gains in Sinop, Erzurum, Çanakkale and Hatay power plants are seen as 13645.19, 10464.78, 6508.93 and 5940.31 Ł, respectively.

Figure 10 Percentage gain losses of power plants due to shading.
Figure 10

Percentage gain losses of power plants due to shading.

11 Results

In this study, the effect of four different geographical regions in Turkey in electricity generation with solar panels on panel efficiency was analyzed using the PVSOL program. When the data obtained from the power plant models established in the PVSOL program are examined, it is seen that the change in latitude affects the solar radiation values. The amount of solar radiation is greater in areas close to the equator. Therefore, since the Hatay power plant, which is one of the selected regions, is closer to the equator, 13.78% more profit was obtained than the Sinop power plant. Changing the longitude values does not change the solar radiation values. However, since the temperature changes due to the altitude difference, it has been observed that the panel efficiency also changes. For this reason, the Erzurum power plant generated 4.13% more profit than the Çanakkale power plant. As a result, it is clearly seen that the PV systems to be installed in the region close to the equator and with high altitudes will make a profit in a shorter time. When investment and expenses are taken into account, a profit of 6.01% from the Çanakkale power plant, 10.15% from the Sinop power plant, 10.40% from the Erzurum power plant and 25.33% from the Hatay power plant. In addition to these, partial shading losses of modules were determined as 11.5% in Sinop power plant, 8.8% in Erzurum power plant, 5.7% in Çanakkale power plant and 4.4% in Hatay power plant. Considering these values, the efficiency of the panels can be further increased by using methods such as setting up the row spacing at the appropriate distance and avoiding the factors that will shade the modules.

Acknowledgments

There is no person or company to be acknowledged.

  1. Funding information: There is no external funding.

  2. Author contributions: All manuscripts were prepared by both authors.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

  5. Informed consent statement: Not applicable.

  6. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

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Received: 2022-06-01
Revised: 2022-06-22
Accepted: 2022-06-30
Published Online: 2022-08-17

© 2022 Muhammet Demirkiran and Abdulhakim Karakaya, published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  4. A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
  5. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
  6. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
  7. Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
  8. Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
  9. Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
  10. Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
  11. Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
  12. Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
  13. Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
  14. Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
  15. Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
  87. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
  135. Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
  137. A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
  138. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
  139. Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
  140. Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
  141. Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
  142. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
  143. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
  144. Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
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  146. Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
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  149. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
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  159. Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
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  161. Phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of Trewia nudiflora Linn. leaf extract deciphers therapeutic potentials against thrombosis, arthritis, helminths, and insects
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0190
Keywords for this article
geographical conditions; electrical energy; PVSOL; renewable energy
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous phase by bimetallic metal-organic framework M/Fe-MOF (M = Co, Cu, and Mg)
  3. Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy
  4. A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
  5. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
  6. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
  7. Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
  8. Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
  9. Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
  10. Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
  11. Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
  12. Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
  13. Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
  14. Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
  15. Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
  87. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
  135. Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
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