Home Physical Sciences Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide, C17H16Cl2N2O4
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Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide, C17H16Cl2N2O4

  • Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi ORCID logo , Olivier Blacque ORCID logo , Edward R. T. Tiekink ORCID logo and Ali A. El-Emam ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 24, 2025

Abstract

C17H16Cl2N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.0893(1) Å, b = 26.1791(3) Å, c = 8.2311(1) Å, β = 98.002(1)°, V = 1726.13(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0343, wRref(F2) = 0.0904, T = 160 K.

CCDC no.: 2473736

Table 1 contains the crystallographic data. The list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters can be found in the cif-file attached to this article.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal: Plate, colourless
Size: 0.17 × 0.06 × 0.01 mm
Wavelength:

μ:
CuKα radiation (1.54184 Å)

3,61 mm−1
Diffractometer:

θmax, completeness:
XtaLAB Synergy

77,3°, >99 %
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint: 20945, 3662, 0.029
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 σ(Iobs), 3282
N(param)refined: 233
Programs: CrysAlisPRO, 1 SHELX, 2 , 3 WinGX and ORTEP 4

1 Source of material

A mixture of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide (1.13 g, 5.0 mmol) and 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (0.875 g, 5.0 mmol), in ethanol (8 mL), was heated under reflux for 2 h. On cooling, the precipitated crude product was filtered, washed with cold ethanol, dried and recrystallised from ethanol to yield 1.78 g (93 %) of the title compound as colourless plates. M. pt.: 461–463 K (uncorrected). 1H NMR (DMSO‑d6, 500.13 MHz): δ 11.44 (br. s, 1H, NH), 8.98 (s, 1H, CH=N), 8.06 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.70–7.762 (m, 2H, Ar–H), 7.22 (s, 2H, Ar–H), 3.84 (s, 6H, OCH3) and 3.72 (s, 3H, OCH3). 13C NMR (DMSO‑d6, 125.76 MHz): δ 162.84 (C=O), 151.20, 145.20, 141.86, 136.04, 133.24, 132.98, 131.08, 130.98, 128.88, 127.04, 109.66 (Ar–C & CH=N) and 61.80, 59.86 (OCH3). Analysis for C17H16Cl2N2O4 (M. Wt. 383.23): C, 53.22 (Calc. 53.28); H, 4.23 (Calc. 4.21); N, 7.28 (Calc. 7.31).

2 Experimental details

The C-bound H atoms were geometrically placed (C–H = 0.95–0.98 Å) and refined as riding with Uiso(H) = 1.2–1.5Ueq(C). The N-bound H atom was refined freely (N–H = 0.86(2) Å). Owing to poor agreement, one reflection, i.e. (10 5 0), was omitted from the final cycles of refinement.

3 Discussion

Aromatic and hetero-aromatic hydrazides and their hydrazone derivatives are of considerable interest for their remarkable chemotherapeutic properties. 5 , 6 Furthermore, carbohydrazide-hydrazone derivatives are frequently utilised as efficient intermediates for the synthesis of numerous bioactive heterocyclic compounds. 7 , 8 In this context, herein, the synthesis and single crystal X-ray structure of the title molecule, (I), is described; systematic name: N-[(1E)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide.

The molecular structure of (I) is shown in the upper view of figure (70 % probability ellipsoids). The molecule comprises a central, planar C2N2O residue [r.m.s. deviation for the fitted atoms = 0.0261 Å with the maximum deviation of 0.0377(10) Å being for atom C7] flanked at the C7 atom by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, and at the C8 atom by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group. The dihedral angles between the central residue and the C6 rings of the 3,4-dichlorophenyl and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl groups are 6.93(7) and 41.42(7) Å, respectively, indicating to close to co-planar and splayed dispositions, respectively. The C7–N1 [1.2798(19) Å] and C8–N2 [1.3551(18) Å] bond lengths, being close their respective double- and single-bond values, suggest limited delocalisation of π-electron density in the central residue. To limit steric hindrance in the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group, the central methoxy group occupies a position approximately normal to the C6 ring [the C16–O3–C12–C13 torsion angle = 94.38(17)°] compared to close to co-planar dispositions for the outer two methoxy groups [C15–O2–C11–C10 and C17–O4–C13–C12 = 4.0(2) and 164.46(13)°, respectively]. The amide group adopts an anti-conformation.

The most closely related structure in the crystallographic literature is of the isomeric compound, N-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide, hereafter (II). 9 Not surprisingly, this molecule has a very similar conformation to that described for (I) with dihedral angles between the central residue and the C6 rings of the 2,4-dichlorophenyl and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl groups being 2.72(10) and 41.06(9) Å, respectively. A similar electronic structure is also evident with the C7–N1 and C8–N2 bond lengths being 1.272(4) and 1.355(3) Å, respectively.

Conventional amide–N–H⋯O(amide) hydrogen-bonding [N2–H2n⋯O1 i : H2n⋯O1 i  = 2.01(2) Å, N2⋯O1 i  = 2.8525(16) Å with the angle subtended the H2n atom = 168(2)° for symmetry operation (i): x, 1/2−y, 1/2+z] is noted in the crystal. These interactions occur within a zigzag chain (glide symmetry) along the c-axis; a view of the chain is shown in the lower image of the figure (non-participating hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity). Prominent connections between chains to form a supramolecular layer in the bc-plane include methyl–C–H⋯O(methoxy) [C15–H15c⋯O3 ii : H15c⋯O3 ii  = 2.48 Å, C15⋯O3 ii  = 3.4426(19) Å with angle at H15c = 166° for (ii): 1−x, −y, 2−z] interactions. The closest contacts between layers appear to occur between two inclined 3,4-dichlorophenyl and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl rings [Cg(C1–C6)⋯Cg(C9–C14) iii  = 3.9909(9) Å with angle of inclination between rings = 26.88(7)° for (iii): −1+x, 1/2−y, −1/2+z]. However, with the angle of inclination being what it is, the shortest contact between ring-carbon atoms of 3.432(2)° occurs between the C6 and C12 iii atoms. Crystal (II) also crystallises in the P21/c space group with Z = 4 but is not isomorphous to (I). However, amide–N–H⋯O(amide) hydrogen-bonding occurs within a zigzag chain along the c-axis, as for (I).

It was thought of interest to compare the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots for (I) and (II) by employing CrystalExplorer 10 and standard procedures. 11 The majority of Hirshfeld surface contacts for each of (I) and (II) involve hydrogen, amounting to 86.9 and 87.8 %, respectively. This similarity is reflected by identical contributions in each of (I) and (II) by H⋯H [29.5 %] and Cl⋯H/Hl [23.2 %] contacts; all contacts occur at distances beyond their respective sum of the van der Waals radii. The C⋯H/H⋯C [14.1 % for (I) and 12.9 % for (II)] and N⋯H/H⋯N [3.5 cf. 3.0 %] surface contacts are greater in the crystal of (I) but the converse is true for O⋯H/H⋯O [16.6 cf. 19.2 %] contacts. Of the surface contacts not involving hydrogen, the percentage contribution by C⋯C contacts are identical in both crystals, being 5.3 %. The next most important surface contacts are of the type N⋯C/C⋯N at 2.4 and 2.2 % for (I) and (II), respectively, followed by O⋯C/C⋯O [1.9 cf. 1.2 %]. The only other contacts in either crystals beyond 1 % contributions are Cl⋯C/C⋯Cl contacts which make a zero contribution in the crystal of (I) but 1.9 % in the crystal of (II).


Corresponding author: Ali A. El-Emam, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

  3. Research funding: This study was financially supported by the the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project No. PNURSP2025R3, from the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Received: 2025-08-03
Accepted: 2025-10-06
Published Online: 2025-10-24
Published in Print: 2025-12-17

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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