Home Physical Sciences Crystal structure of nitrato-κ2O,O′-[hydridotris(3,5-diethylpyrazol-1-yl)borato-κ3N,N′,N″]copper(II), C21H34BCuN7O3
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Crystal structure of nitrato-κ2O,O′-[hydridotris(3,5-diethylpyrazol-1-yl)borato-κ3N,N′,N″]copper(II), C21H34BCuN7O3

  • Kiyoshi Fujisawa ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Shuhei Sakuma ORCID logo and Edward R. T. Tiekink ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 4, 2025

Abstract

C21H34BCuN7O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.6529(2) Å, b = 13.8775(4) Å, c = 20.3673(6) Å, β = 96.077(3)°, V = 2431.97(12) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0377, wRref(F2) = 0.1012, T = 178 K.

CCDC no.: 2478632

The molecular structure is shown in the figure; only the major component of the disorderd ethyl group is illustrated. Table 1 contains the crystallographic data and the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters can be found in the cif-file attached to this article.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal: Green block
Size: 0.22 × 0.16 × 0.08 mm
Wavelength: MoKα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ: 0.94 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode: Rigaku XtaLAB P200, ω scan
θmax, completeness: 26.4°, 100 %
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint: 24347, 4966, 0.042
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2σ(Iobs), 4,363
N(param)refined: 324
Programs: Rigaku 1 , Il Milione 2 , Shelx 3 , WinGX 4

1 Source of material

Potassium hydridotris(3,5-diethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (denoted as KL) was obtained by the reaction of KBH4 with 3.3 equiv. of 3,5-diethylpyrazole. 5 A solution of KBH4 (117 mg, 0.348 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added to a solution of Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O (75.0 mg, 0.310 mmol) in CH3OH (15 mL). After stirring for 30 min at room temperature, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford a green powder. The resulting solid was extracted with CH2Cl2 (25 mL) to separate any residual salts. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure again to afford a green powder (132 mg, 0.260 mmol, 84 % yield). Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained by the slow evaporation of a saturated CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1 v/v) solution held at room temperature (40.7 mg, 0.080 mmol, 26 % yield). Anal. Calcd. for C21H34BCuN7O3 1/4(H2O); bulk material: C, 49.32; H, 6.80; N, 19.17. Found: C, 49.24; H, 6.81; N, 19.10. IR (KBr, cm−1): 2972s ν(C–H), 2935s ν(C–H), 2877m ν(C–H), 2545m ν(B–H), 1550s νasym(NO3), 1441s, 1399s, 1384s, 1311s, 1239s νsym(NO3), 1173s, 1045s, 1239s, 1011s ν(N=O), 803s, 638m, 505w ν(Cu–Npz). Far-IR (CsI, cm−1): 639s, 505m ν(Cu–Npz), 399m, 321s ν(Cu–NO3), 288m. UV–vis (CH2Cl2, λmax, nm (ε, M−1 cm−1)): 291 (1970), 365 (360), 767 (140). ESR (C6H5CH3, 130 K): g = 2.30 (A 13.9 mT), g = 2.07.

2 Experimental details

The B- and C-bound H atoms were geometrically placed (B–H = 1.12 Å and C–H = 0.95–0.98 Å) and refined as riding with Uiso(H) = 1.2–1.5Ueq(B, C). The C8, C9-ethyl group was disordered over two sites. Each component was refined independently with anisotropic displacement parameters. The major component had a site occupancy factor = 0.590(8).

3 Discussion

Hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands have been explored in inorganic, organometallic and coordination chemistry because these anionic ligands can adopt versatile coordination modes and are useful precursors for the preparation of other complexes involving metals from all parts of the Periodic Table. 6 In our previous work in this area, the nitrate anion exhibits both unidentate and bidentate coordination modes. 7 , 8 Therefore, the structural observations of copper(II) nitrato complexes as well as their IR spectroscopic measurements may provide a good indication as to the structural effects of different hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. 7 We describe herein a mononuclear, five-coordinate nitrato copper(II) complex [Cu(NO3)(L)] with the hindered ligand, hydridotris(3,5-diethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate anion viz. [L]. 5 The reaction of CuCl2⋅3H2O with a slight excess of the potassium salt of [L] led to the isolation of the title complex, [Cu(NO3)(L)], as a green solid.

The IR spectrum of [Cu(NO3)(L)] exhibited three strong characteristic absorption bands at 1550, 1239 and 1011 cm−1 which are assignable to νasym(NO2), νsym(NO2) and ν(N=O), respectively. These bands were also observed in a similar copper(II) nitrato [Cu(NO3)(L1)] complex, i.e. at 1545, 1245 and 1015 cm−1, where [L1] is the hydridotris(3,5-diisopropylpyrazol-1-yl)borate anion. 8 The separations in the νasym(NO2) and νsym(NO2) bands, i.e. Δ = [νasym(NO2) – νsym(NO2)], are 311 cm−1 for [Cu(NO3)(L)] and 300 cm−1 for [Cu(NO3)(L1)], indicating chelate binding modes. 8 In far-IR region, the broad and strong band at 321 cm−1 is assigned to ν(Cu–NO3). This assignment was confirmed by the presence of the same broad and strong band at 316 cm−1 for [Cu(NO3)(L1)]. 8

The molecular structure of [Cu(NO3)(L)], (I), is illustrated in the figure (50 % displacement ellipsoids). The copper(II) centre is coordinated by a tridentate pyrazoylate ligand and simultaneously chelated by a nitrate anion. The penta-coordinated geometry is based on a square-pyramid. This is quantified by the value of τ5 = 0.05 which compares to τ5 = 0.0 for an ideal square-pyramid and τ5 = 1.0 for an ideal trigonal bipyramid. 9 In this description, the N21 atom occupies the apical position above the square-plane defined by the O1, O2, N11 and N31 atoms [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0317 Å] with the maximum deviation of 0.0359(10) Å being for atom O1; the copper(II) atom lies 0.2639(9) Å above the plane in the direction of the N21 atom. The two Cu–O (nitrate) bond lengths are similar, at 2.0218(17) and 2.0550(16) Å. The Δd(Cu–O) is 0.033 Å, showing an almost symmetric bidentate coordination mode. The equivalent value for [Cu(NO3)(L1)] is 0.032 Å, indicating the bulkiness of the ethyl substituents in L is the same as that of the isopropyl substitution of L1−.

The similarity in the structures was also confirmed by the d–d transition energy and ESR parameters. In the UV–vis spectrum, the d–d transition energy of the five-coordinate, distorted square-pyramidal geometry for (I) was observed at 767 nm. Moreover, an additional band at 291 nm can be assigned to NO 3 to the Cu(II) charge transfer band. These bands were also observed for [Cu(NO3)(L1)], i.e. at 773 and 293 nm, respectively. 8 The ESR parameters for (I) are g = 2.30, (A = 13.9 mT), g = 2.07, consistent with a dx2−y2 ground state. These data are also consistent with those found for [Cu(NO3)(L1)]: g = 2.31, (A = 14.6 mT), g = 2.08.

There is a disparity in the Cu–N (pyrazolyl) bond lengths which covers a relatively broad range, i.e. Cu–N11 [1.9514(16) Å] is clearly the shorter bond followed by Cu–N31 [1.9816(17) Å] which, again, is significantly shorter than Cu–N21 [2.1341(17) Å]. While these deviations suggest a deviation from a putative 3-fold axis, there are also measurable deviations in relevant dihedral angles. Thus, the dihedral angle between the N11-pyrazolyl five-membered ring and those containing the N21 [55.25(7)]° and N31 [62.11(7)]° atoms; the dihedral angle between the N21- and N31-pyrazolyl rings is 62.67(8)°. The distance the copper(II) centre lies out of the three least-squares planes through the N11-, N21- and N31-pyrazolyl rings also varies, 0.168(3), 0.224(3) and 0.103(3) Å, respectively.

In the crystal, there appear to be two significant, directional intermolecular interactions within the three-dimensional architecture. The first of these is a methyl C–H⋯O (nitrate, non-coordinating) contact [C21–H21a⋯O3i: H21a⋯O3i = 2.58 Å, C21⋯O3i = 3.502(3) Å with angle subtended at the H21a atom = 157° for symmetry operation (i) 1 + x, 1/2 − y, 1/2 + z] which occurs within chains of molecules along the [1 0 3] direction. The second contact occurs between methylene–C–H and a pyrazolyl ring [C13–H13a⋯Cg(N31, N32, C17–C19)ii: H13a⋯Cg(N31, N32, C17–C19)ii = 2.99 Å with angle at H13a = 162° for (ii) 1 − x, 1/2 + y, 3/2 − z]. These latter interactions occur between molecules aligned along the b-axis.


Corresponding authors: Kiyoshi Fujisawa, Department of Chemistry, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan, E-mail: ; and Edward R. T. Tiekink, Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Centre for Catalysis and the Koyanagi Foundation.

  1. Research funding: This study was financially supported by the Joint Usage/Research Centre for Catalysis (Proposals 23DS0198, 24ES0584 and 25DS0752).

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2025-06-26
Accepted: 2025-08-06
Published Online: 2025-09-04
Published in Print: 2025-12-17

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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