Home A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
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A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies

  • Ozlem Elmas EMAIL logo , Havva Hande Keser Sahin , Berrak Guven , Mohamed M. Abuzaid , Wiam Elshami , Ghada ALMisned , Hesham M. H. Zakaly EMAIL logo , Antoaneta Ene EMAIL logo and Huseyin Ozan Tekin EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 19, 2022
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

This study investigates the effect of Annona muricata (AM) leaf extract against irradiation-induced damage by the evaluation of hepatic tissue and the levels of oxidative and inflammatory stress in the circulation.

Methods

An experimental study with 37 female Wistar albino rats randomized into four groups (controls and three intervention groups) was performed. The first interventional group (group 2) received 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 9 days, group 3 received a single dose of whole-body radiation (8.3 Gy) after a 9-day oral gavage treatment with saline, and the last group received the same irradiation of 8.3 Gy after being treated with 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 9 days.

Results

Radiation was found to elevate reactive oxygen species parameters, and AM administration before irradiation was found to decrease total oxidant status (TOS), increase caspase 9, and improve hepatic damage when compared with the group that received only irradiation.

Conclusion

The damage caused by irradiation may be ameliorated by the use of the AM extract, which appears to be effective in preventing oxidative stress and inflammatory activity.

Keywords: Annona muricata ; oxidative stress; irradiation; apoptosis; radioprotective

1 Introduction

Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy is the application of ionizing radiation to avoid the proliferation of cancer cells and then induce cell death. Despite the radiation risks, radiotherapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of localized cancer in 50% of cancer patients [1,2]. Radiotherapy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which increases oxidative stress and frequently leads to an imbalance in which the antioxidant system is unable to respond to excessive oxidative stress. Under the influence of ROS, numerous forms of injury may develop, including alterations in cellular metabolism, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and cumulative long-term changes in stable macromolecules, which result in various pathological changes at the systemic and tissue level [3]. These changes may progress in conjunction with inflammatory activation and could result in the development or worsening of cardiovascular diseases, ischemic injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and stroke [4]. The liver is one of the organs that is severely affected by irradiation and radiation-related disorders because it plays a critical role in metabolism that affect the entire body. The problems in DNA repair and anti-oxidative capabilities may result in necroinflammation, fibrosis, and many other pathological changes in the liver [5,6]. Annona muricata (AM), generally known as Graviola, is a tropical broadleaf edible fruit tree with a long history of traditional use. It has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases, such as neuralgia, arthritis, diarrhea, abscess, and parasitic infections [7]. Various studies confirmed the anticancer, antiphrastic, anti-arthritic, and hepatoprotective effects of AM. In vitro and in vivo investigations have been conducted to investigate and verify the biological activities, which have revealed remarkable features, including anticancer [8,9] antidiabetic [10], anti-inflammatory [11,12], and antioxidant activities [13]. About 200 chemical components have been found and extracted from AM. The most important of them are alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins, all of which are thought to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [6]. According to reports, the plant’s seeds and leaves contain enzymatic antioxidants, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, which regulate oxidative stress [7,13]. As determined by biochemical and histological tests, the hepatoprotective effects of AM leaf extracts were efficient in the normalization of function after liver damage [14]. We expected that using AM leaf extracts before radiotherapy would have systemic and hepatic protective benefits, based on the oxidative stress generated by radiation and the documented antioxidant capacities of the AM leaf extract. To investigate the probable protective effect of the AM leaf extract against radiation-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in rats, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant extract, the present research was conducted. The results of this study may help the minimization of serious adverse effects caused by excessive radiation exposure in radiotherapy patients and act as a substantial drive for additional evaluations.

2 Methods

2.1 Animals

The study was approved by Bulent Ecevit University’s research ethics committee, and the animal (see Figure 1) experiments were carried out in compliance with the institution’s guidelines. (Decision no: 2020/06, Decision date: 02/07/2020). A total of 37 adult female Wistar Albino rats weighing 140 ± 20 g and having similar physiological characteristics were used. The animals were initially randomized into four groups: one control group and three interventional groups. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were fed ad libitum with laboratory tap water and pellet chow containing 21% crude protein. The environment was constantly kept under optimum laboratory conditions (22 ± 1°C, 45–55% humidity, and 12 h of automated light/dark cycle).

Figure 1 Positioning of rat on the treatment couch.
Figure 1

Positioning of rat on the treatment couch.

2.2 Irradiation Procedure

Whole-body irradiation procedures were carried out in the Radiation Oncology Department of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine (see Figure 2). Subsequently, the required dose of irradiation to create measurable radiation damage was calculated. Figure 3 depicts the planning procedure along with the given doses and treatment details. Using a linear accelerator device, a total dose of 8.3 Gy X-rays was applied to the whole body, fixed in the supine position in a single fraction.

Figure 2 Treatment room and Varian Clinac IX – Radiation Oncology Department of Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine.
Figure 2

Treatment room and Varian Clinac IX – Radiation Oncology Department of Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine.

Figure 3 Planning procedure along with the given doses and treatment details.
Figure 3

Planning procedure along with the given doses and treatment details.

2.3 Preparation of AM extract

Due to the fruit’s sour and sweet flavor, AM is often known as soursop. It is also known as prickly custard apple because of its flavor. Locals refer to the fruit as durian belanda. In Indonesia, the plant is known as sirsak or nangka belanda, while in Portugal and Latin America, it is known as graviola and guanabana, respectively [15]. Figure 4 depicts the appearance of AM extracts along with the leaves extract obtained from the dried leaves of the AM plant by ethanol-based filtration. The powdered leaves of A. muricata (3 kg) were macerated three times with ethyl acetate (32,500 mL) at room temperature. At 40°C, the solvent for extraction was decanted and concentrated to dryness using a rotating vacuum evaporator. The yield percentage after extraction was 3.9% (117 g). To create 250 and 500 mg/kg stocks for future investigations, the extract was diluted in 10% Tween-20. The rats were given this extract as the active component.

Figure 4 Appearance of A. muricata extract along with the leaves.
Figure 4

Appearance of A. muricata extract along with the leaves.

2.4 Experimental design

This study was carried out as follows: (a) a total of 0.01 mL/kg distilled water was administered orally once daily for 9 days to the control group of 13 rats. (b) A total of 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract was given orally once daily for 9 days to the AM group of 12 rats. (c) A dose of 0.01 mL/kg of physiologic serum (saline) was given orally once daily for 9 days to the ionizing radiation (IR) group of four rats, along with a single dose of whole-body radiation (8.3 Gy) applied 1 hour after the last gavage. The animals were sacrificed 96 h after the last treatment, under anesthesia with intraperitoneal 90 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine. Blood samples and tissues from all animals were collected and stored accordingly for the analysis.

2.5 Biochemical analysis

Using an autoanalyzer and the supernatant portion of homogenates and serum samples, the total oxidant status (TOS) of serum was determined. Interleukin (IL)-6 and caspase levels were measured by ELISA kits (Cloud-Clone Corp., Wuhan, China).

2.6 Histopathological evaluation

All liver tissues (n = 37) that had been stored for histopathological evaluation were fixed in 10% formalin for 12 h and then embedded in paraffin blocks. The blocks were sliced to a thickness of 4 µm before being stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In four distinct groups, four markers for centrilobular hepatic necrosis, fatty alteration, ballooning degeneration, and lymphocyte infiltration in liver tissue were evaluated. The histomorphology characteristics of tissues and cells are evaluated. Each criterion was assigned a score between 0 and 3 (0 = normal, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe).

2.7 Statistical analysis

All analyses were conducted using SPSS v21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For testing normalcy, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The data for continuous variables are shown as median (first to third quartiles) and frequency with percentage values for categorical variables. Using the Kruskal–Wallis test, continuous variables were examined. By using the Bonferroni correction technique, pairwise comparisons (for the post hoc analysis of >2 group comparisons) were conducted. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to examine categorical data. p < 0.05 values were accepted as statistically significant results.

3 Results

3.1 Histopathological findings

A light microscopic examination of the control group’s liver parenchyma showed a normal appearance with undamaged hepatocytes and sinusoids. Rats in the IR group exhibited considerable lymphocyte infiltration and ballooning degeneration. In AM receivers (the AM and AM + IR groups), these modifications happened to a lesser extent (mild). In terms of ballooning degeneration and infiltrating lymphocytes, there were statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001 for each) (Table 1). Centrilobular hepatic necrosis and fatty changes were not found in any of the animals (see Figure 5).

Table 1

Histomorphological and biochemical findings according to treatment groups

Treatment groups
Control (n = 13) AM (n = 12) IR (n = 4) AM + IR (n = 8) p
Centrilobular hepatic necrosis
 Normal 13 (100.0) 12 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 8 (100.0) —
Fatty change
 Normal 13 (100.0) 12 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 8 (100.0) —
Ballooning degeneration
 Normal 13 (100.0) 0 0 0 <0.001
 Light 0 12 (100.0) 0 8 (100.0) —
 Medium 0 0 4 (100.0) 0 —
Infiltrating lymphocytes
 Normal 13 (100.0) 0 0 0 <0.001
 Light 0 12 (100.0) 0 8 (100.0) —
 Medium 0 0 4 (100.0) 0 —

Data were given as frequency (percentage).

AM: A. muricata, IR: irradiation.

Figure 5 Histopathological changes in liver sections (H&E 200) of (a) control; (b) IR Group; (c) IR + AM group; (d) AM group. HV, hepatic vein; PT, portal tract; horizontal arrow: balooning degeneration; vertical arrow: infiltrating lymphocytes.
Figure 5

Histopathological changes in liver sections (H&E 200) of (a) control; (b) IR Group; (c) IR + AM group; (d) AM group. HV, hepatic vein; PT, portal tract; horizontal arrow: balooning degeneration; vertical arrow: infiltrating lymphocytes.

3.2 Biochemical analyses

The highest levels of TOS were found in the group that had received irradiation after saline gavage, which showed a significant difference compared with the control and AM groups (p = 0.036 and p = 0.045, respectively; Table 2).

Table 2

Biochemical findings according to treatment groups

Treatment groups
Control (n = 13) AM (n = 12) IR (n = 4) AM + IR (n = 8) p
Total oxidant status
µmol H2O2 Eq/L 18.76 (17.84–19.66) 18.88 (17.93–20.17) 22.79 (21.99–26.58)a,b 21.12 (18.19–23.97) 0.024
IL-6 (pg/mL) 305.56 (283.46–405.22) 321.54 (272.58–388.86) 340.24 (299.1–362) 373.9 (261.7–499.02) 0.914
Caspase 3 (ng/mL) 7.89 (7.28–8.38) 7.93 (6.36–8.62) 6.33 (5.36–7.28) 7.74 (7–8) 0.357
Caspase 9 (ng/mL) 4.51 (3.59–4.88) 5.71 (4.4–6.07) 3.56 (3.46–3.86)bc 5.31 (4.51–6.31) 0.022
Caspase 8 (ng/mL) 7.59 (6.34–8.61) 9.08 (8.14–10.69) 6.63 (6.2–6.94) 7.34 (6.01–9.51) 0.219

Data were given as median (1st quartile – 3rd quartile).

a,b,cSignificantly different from the control, AM, AM + IR group, respectively.

AM: A. muricata, IR: irradiation.

In terms of IL-6 levels, although there was no statistically significant difference, an increase relative to the other groups was observed in the AM + IR group. The levels of caspase 3 and caspase 8 were similar in all groups (p > 0.05); however, the caspase 9 level was significantly decreased in the IR group when compared to the AM and AM + IR groups (p = 0.039; Table 2).

4 Discussion

The overproduction of superoxide radicals by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is caused by oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of irradiation-related problems [16,17]. The production of oxidative stress appears to be an unavoidable side effect of radiotherapy, which is a critical modality in the treatment of cancer. Irradiation causes the production of ROS, which can be spread through the circulatory system and cause harm to the hematological, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems depending on the radiation dose [18]. When free radicals are created as a result of radiation exposure, radioprotective drugs may be used to counteract these effects [19]. AM is currently one of the most extensively studied phytotherapeutic substances, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities [20]. All the rats in this research were irradiated, and their TOS levels increased significantly. The AM + IR group received AM leaf extract, which decreased their TOS levels. According to this finding, using AM before irradiation may be useful in lowering oxidative stress in radiotherapy patients, which is consistent with earlier research demonstrating AM’s antioxidant effects [13,20]. Previous studies showed anticarcinogen, antiulcerogenic, antifungal, immunomodulator, antibacterial, and wound healing effects [21,22,23]. There are few studies that look at the impact of AM on the secondary inflammatory response triggered by radiation and oxidative damage caused by ROS in various tissues. Radioprotective properties of AM have been demonstrated in previous studies in both liver and kidney tissues [24], skin tissue [25], and liver tissue alone [26]. Extrinsic (type I apoptosis) and intrinsic (type II apoptosis) pathways of apoptosis, both of which are caspase dependent, are activated by external or internal cues [27]. Since 1990, radiation-induced apoptosis has been observed in many animal studies and cell tumor lines [28]. Radiation-induced apoptosis is activated by the internal pathway that is associated with the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane. The activation of caspase 9 is directly linked to the activation of this pathway, which elevates and releases pro-apoptotic molecules in the cytosol. Once active, caspase 9 can directly cleave caspase 3 and caspase 7, resulting in the progression of apoptosis [29,30]. Other important characteristics of apoptosis include morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, both of which have been associated with oxidative stress [29]. In the current study, caspase 9 levels showed a decrease in the IR group, which correlates with the increased levels of TOS in this group. However, there was no statistical difference in caspase 3 levels between the groups, even though it was observed that caspase 3 levels were somewhat lower in the IR group. Caspase 9 is able to release cytochrome c while preventing changes in mitochondrial shape and ROS generation, according to Brentnall et al. We may infer that caspase 9 is necessary for mitochondrial morphological alterations and ROS generation from these data. Furthermore, caspase 3 limits ROS formation after activation by caspase 9 despite the fact that caspase 3 is required for successful apoptosis execution [30]. In the current study, AM admiration before irradiation inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis. In an interesting study, according to Moghadamtousi et al., an ethyl acetate extract of AM leaves was able to trigger apoptosis in colon and lung cancer cells via the mitochondria-mediated pathway [31,32]. Taken together, these findings suggest that AM extracts may have tumor-specific toxicity. IL-6 is an effective pleiotropic pro‐inflammatory cytokine due to its strong immunomodulatory influence and wide range of biological effects [33]. Under normal physiological conditions, serum levels of IL-6 are extremely low [34]. There was no significant difference in IL-6 levels between the experimental groups in this study, which is consistent with the bulk of cancer-related studies that look at IL-6 levels when using radiotherapy. According to Nakajima et al., a radiation dose of at least 10 Gy should be employed to detect serum IL-3 and gain inflammation-related responses [5]. The 8.3 Gy dose in this study seems to be insufficient to produce changes in IL-6 levels. It is also possible that the duration of our experiment and other factors could have affected the (in) activation of inflammation-related pathways. Other similar designed studies confirm that significant changes are not common for the majority of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that radiotherapy does not alter cytokine levels [35]. The liver histopathological findings revealed that a single dose of 8.3 Gy irradiation caused ballooning degeneration and infiltrating lymphocytes at a moderate level in the IR group. Studies reveal that inflammatory processes in the liver are initiated early after irradiation, as seen by hematoxylin and eosin staining, especially after large acute doses of irradiation, which is consistent with our findings [6]. An 8 Gy single-dose abdominal irradiation can cause hemorrhage, dilation of the central vein, and degeneration of hepatocytes (with perinuclear vacuolization) in the liver, when analyzed 36 h after exposure [35]. The preradiation administration of AM appears to ameliorate these changes, as determined by mild histopathological findings in the AM + IR group. Although determining the mechanism of this effect was not within the scope of the current study, it is worth suggesting the AM as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance.

5 Conclusion

Radiation-protective medicines have been demonstrated to reduce DNA damage in vitro, in vivo, and in human randomized clinical trials. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation may be reduced in clinical medicine to prevent cancer and teratogenesis and improve morbidity and death rates among patients. The present study demonstrates that a single dose of 8.3 Gy irradiation elevated oxidative stress markers and caused moderate liver injury in rats. Pretreatment with 300 mg/kg concentrations of AM leaf extract before irradiation was found to decrease TOS and restore the liver structure. These findings suggest that AM has a radioprotective effect, possibly owing to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatments using AM extracts seem to be promising as methods of radioprotection in patients receiving radiotherapy; however, much research is required to identify the mechanisms of these effects and their value in humans.

  1. Funding information: The work of Antoaneta ENE and the APC were supported by Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania through the grant no. RF 3621/2021.

  2. Author contributions: O.E., H.H.K.S., H.O.T.: conceptualization and methodology; M.A., W.E., G.A.: validation; G.A. and H.M.H.Z.: formal analysis; O.E., H.H.K.S., B.G., H.O.T.: writing and review; O.E., H.H.K.S., B.G., A.E., M.A., W.E.: investigation; A.E.: funding acquisition through APC by “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania through the grant no. RF 3621/2021.

  3. Conflict of interest: There are no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: Ethical Approval of this study has been obtained from Bulent Ecevit University, Animal Experiments Local Ethical Committee (2020-17-02/07).

  5. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2022-06-08
Revised: 2022-08-14
Accepted: 2022-08-24
Published Online: 2022-09-19

© 2022 Ozlem Elmas et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
  87. Identification of crucial salivary proteins/genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders
  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
  135. Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Xinguan No. 3 in the treatment of COVID-19
  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
  137. A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
  138. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
  139. Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
  140. Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
  141. Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
  142. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
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  144. Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
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  146. Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
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  148. An extensive assessment on the distribution pattern of organic contaminants in the aerosols samples in the Middle East
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  159. Topical Issue on phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0206
Keywords for this article
Annona muricata; oxidative stress; irradiation; apoptosis; radioprotective
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous phase by bimetallic metal-organic framework M/Fe-MOF (M = Co, Cu, and Mg)
  3. Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy
  4. A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes
  5. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
  6. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey
  7. Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
  8. Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems
  9. Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
  10. Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
  11. Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
  12. Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
  13. Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches
  14. Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
  15. Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
  16. The mesoporous aluminosilicate application as support for bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroconversion
  17. Gamma-ray shielding properties of Nd2O3-added iron–boron–phosphate-based composites
  18. Numerical investigation on perforated sheet metals under tension loading
  19. Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt
  20. Two new polypodane-type bicyclic triterpenoids from mastic
  21. Structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the TiO2 added hydroxyapatite composites
  22. Tribological properties and characterization of borided Co–Mg alloys
  23. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies
  24. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system
  25. Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  26. The role of passage numbers of donor cells in the development of Arabian Oryx – Cow interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos
  27. Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
  28. Molecular screening of ionic liquids for CO2 absorption and molecular dynamic simulation
  29. Microwave-assisted preparation of Ag/Fe magnetic biochar from clivia leaves for adsorbing daptomycin antibiotics
  30. Iminodisuccinic acid enhances antioxidant and mineral element accumulation in young leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
  31. Cytotoxic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (deoxycynaropicrin) isolated from the leaves of Centaurothamnus maximus
  32. Effects of welding parameters on the angular distortion of welded steel plates
  33. Simulation of a reactor considering the Stamicarbon, Snamprogetti, and Toyo patents for obtaining urea
  34. Effect of different ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars on the adsorption of heavy metal ions cadmium and lead in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils
  35. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs
  36. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models
  37. Physicochemical properties and some mineral concentration of milk samples from different animals and altitudes
  38. Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies
  39. Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
  40. Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
  41. Isolation and identification of unstable components from Caesalpinia sappan by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography
  42. Quantification of biomarkers and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties of Dodonaea viscosa grown in Saudi Arabia using HPTLC technique
  43. Characterization of the elastic modulus of ceramic–metal composites with physical and mechanical properties by ultrasonic technique
  44. GC-MS analysis of Vespa velutina auraria Smith and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro
  45. Texturing of nanocoatings for surface acoustic wave-based sensors for volatile organic compounds
  46. Insights into the molecular basis of some chalcone analogues as potential inhibitors of Leishmania donovani: An integrated in silico and in vitro study
  47. (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoate hydrochloride: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
  48. On the relative extraction rates of colour compounds and caffeine during brewing, an investigation of tea over time and temperature
  49. Characterization of egg shell powder-doped ceramic–metal composites
  50. Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
  51. Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation
  52. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic systems installed in different geographical locations
  53. Risk prioritization model driven by success factor in the light of multicriteria decision making
  54. Theoretical investigations on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the solvated 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde carbohydrazone
  55. Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding examinations of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass system
  56. Machine learning-based forecasting of potability of drinking water through adaptive boosting model
  57. The potential effect of the Rumex vesicarius water seeds extract treatment on mice before and during pregnancy on the serum enzymes and the histology of kidney and liver
  58. Impact of benzimidazole functional groups on the n-doping properties of benzimidazole derivatives
  59. Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts
  60. Flexural strength and thermal properties of carbon black nanoparticle reinforced epoxy composites obtained from waste tires
  61. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies
  62. Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue
  63. Effect of WC content on ultrasonic properties, thermal and electrical conductivity of WC–Co–Ni–Cr composites
  64. Influence of various class cleaning agents for prosthesis on Co–Cr alloy surface
  65. The synthesis of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution
  66. Study on the influence of physical interlayers on the remaining oil production under different development modes
  67. Optimized linear regression control of DC motor under various disturbances
  68. Influence of different sample preparation strategies on hypothesis-driven shotgun proteomic analysis of human saliva
  69. Determination of flow distance of the fluid metal due to fluidity in ductile iron casting by artificial neural networks approach
  70. Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
  71. In vitro: Anti-coccidia activity of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Eimeria papillata oocysts sporulation and sporozoite
  72. Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms
  73. Activated partial thromboplastin time maybe associated with the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
  74. Treatment of rat brain ischemia model by NSCs-polymer scaffold transplantation
  75. Lead and cadmium removal with native yeast from coastal wetlands
  76. Characterization of electroless Ni-coated Fe–Co composite using powder metallurgy
  77. Ferrate synthesis using NaOCl and its application for dye removal
  78. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches
  79. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense
  80. Experimental study on turning machine with permanent magnetic cutting tool
  81. Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling of the casting process for pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
  82. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
  83. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
  84. Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
  85. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan
  86. Effect of calcium lactate in standard diet on selected markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized rats
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  88. Zirconium-modified attapulgite was used for removing of Cr(vi) in aqueous solution
  89. The stress distribution of different types of restorative materials in primary molar
  90. Reducing surface heat loss in steam boilers
  91. Deformation behavior and formability of friction stir processed DP600 steel
  92. Synthesis and characterization of bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composite for battery anode
  93. Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube leaf at different foliar ages based on widely targeted metabolomics
  94. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs
  95. Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.)
  96. Bioactivity of a polyhydroxy gorgostane steroid from Xenia umbellata
  97. BiCAM-based automated scoring system for digital logic circuit diagrams
  98. Analysis of standard systems with solar monitoring systems
  99. Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
  100. New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
  101. Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
  102. Investigation of inlet air pressure and evaporative cooling of four different cogeneration cycles
  103. Review Articles
  104. Comprehensive review on synthesis, physicochemical properties, and application of activated carbon from the Arecaceae plants for enhanced wastewater treatment
  105. Research progress on speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine
  106. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review
  107. An insight on Vietnamese bio-waste materials as activated carbon precursors for multiple applications in environmental protection
  108. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites from Clausena genus – A review
  109. Bioremediation of organic/heavy metal contaminants by mixed cultures of microorganisms: A review
  110. Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
  111. Recent progress of amino acid transporters as a novel antitumor target
  112. Aconitum coreanum Rapaics: Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology
  113. Corrigendum
  114. Corrigendum to “Petrology and geochemistry of multiphase post-granitic dikes: A case study from the Gabal Serbal area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt”
  115. Corrigendum to “Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach”
  116. Corrigendum to “Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt”
  117. Corrigendum to “Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry”
  118. Corrigendum to “Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system”
  119. Erratum
  120. Erratum to “Copper(ii) complexes supported by modified azo-based ligands: Nucleic acid binding and molecular docking studies”
  121. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  122. Study of solidification and stabilization of heavy metals by passivators in heavy metal-contaminated soil
  123. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China
  124. Preparation and characterization of Sparassis latifolia β-glucan microcapsules
  125. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  126. Improving the thermal performance of existing buildings in light of the requirements of the EU directive 2010/31/EU in Poland
  127. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  128. Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
  129. Studies on the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine in Congo
  130. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  131. Strip spraying technology for precise herbicide application in carrot fields
  132. Special Issue on Pharmacology and Metabolomics of Ethnobotanical and Herbal Medicine
  133. Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus flower: A comparison between tepals and stigmas
  134. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of polyphenolics from Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. against selected drug-resistant bacterial strains
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  136. Chemical composition and in vitro and in vivo biological assortment of fixed oil extracted from Ficus benghalensis L.
  137. A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
  138. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Kastamonu province (Türkiye)
  139. Protective effects of asperuloside against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats
  140. Special Issue on Essential Oil, Extraction, Phytochemistry, Advances, and Application
  141. Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of Mentha rotundifolia var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)
  142. Phenolic contents, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities of MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Trema orientalis plant
  143. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study
  144. Special Issue on Marine Environmental Sciences and Significance of the Multidisciplinary Approaches
  145. An insightful overview of the distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the marine sediments of the Red Sea
  146. Antifungal–antiproliferative norcycloartane-type triterpenes from the Red Sea green alga Tydemania expeditionis
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