Home A comparative analysis between classical and modified approach of description of the electrical machine windings by means of T0 method
Article Open Access

A comparative analysis between classical and modified approach of description of the electrical machine windings by means of T0 method

  • Rafał M. Wojciechowski EMAIL logo and Cezary Jędryczka
Published/Copyright: December 29, 2017

Abstract

This paper deals with comparative analysis between classical and modified approach of description of electrical machines windings by means of the T0 method. The classical formulation (CF) of T0 method in which the distribution of the turns in the winding is treated the same as naturally determined current paths has been compared to the modified formulation (MF), in which by incorporating coefficients differencing the conductivity the homogeneity of the current density vector J0, i.e. turns distribution is achieved. The method of calculating the coefficients correcting the conductivities for the MF approach has been presented. For solving of T0 method equations, the edge element method (EEM) has been incorporated.

1 Introduction

Thanks to dynamic progress in application of numerical computations started in the eighties of the 20th century, currently in analysis and design of electrical machines and electromagnetic transducers, the algorithms determining electromagnetic field in 3D space are commonly applied [1, 2]. Most standard approaches are based on a description of magnetic field by scalar Φ or vector A magnetic potentials, while the electric field is expressed by scalar V or vector T and/or T0 electric potentials. Formulation employing electric potential V is widely applied for description of conductive currents distributions in single and multiply connected conductive domains. Nevertheless, the potential V can only be employed in algorithms for numerical solving electromagnetic field leads in which the magnetic field is described by the magnetic vector potential A. Higher versatility can be achieved when using electric vector potentials. Application of these potentials allow to analyze the electromagnetic field using for description of the magnetic field scalar potential Φ as well as vector potential A. To describe the magnetic field, the electric vector potential T is commonly applied for describing currents in single connected conductive domains [3], while potential T0 is typically utilized for description of currents in the stranded wire coils [4] and in eddy currents problems in multiple connected domains (for example holes in massive conductors) [4, 5]. In practice, description of currents in multiply connected conductive domains needs incorporating both T and T0 potentials. Description of the magnetic field sources in 3D space related to the conduction currents by means of electric vector potentials has many advantages [4, 5]. The superiority of the vector potentials over the scalar electric potential formulation or direct numerical application of the Biot-Savart law is especially apparent for description of the current distribution of stranded windings of the electromagnetic transducers. The method based on solving current flow equations and the current vector potential T0 formulation has been proposed to describe the current flow in the stranded windings of complex geometry and current flow paths [6]. In this approach, it is assumed that turn distribution inside of the winding can be treated as “naturally” (i.e. determined by solving the flow field equation) current flow paths [7]. However, it should be noted that taking this assumption often leads to increase of heterogeneity of current density J0 in fragments of winding, in which the current changes the direction. The heterogeneity of current density leads to heterogeneity of turns density inside the coil. To mitigate this problem and ensure homogenous current density distribution, a modification of the classical formulation (CF) described in [6] has been proposed. It incorporates to EEM equations for the T0 formulation the coefficients γi representing the equivalent conductivity of the finite elements of the stranded winding domains [8]. In this approach the equivalent conductivity γi of each ith facet element of electric facet network (EFN) are determined on basis of ratio of average value of the current density Jav inside the winding to the current density Je,i in the ith element of EFN. The way of calculation of coefficients γi and modification of T0 method has been explained on the example of the simple coil in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Considered multi-turn coil made form filamentary conductors [6]
Figure 1

Considered multi-turn coil made form filamentary conductors [6]

The way of calculation equivalent conductivity of the finite elements inside coil region has been discussed in detail in Section 2. This section also consists of equations of T0 method that were a base for formulation of EEM equations. The results of comparative analysis between CF and MF of T0 method on the chosen examples have been presented in Section 3.

2 Edge element equations for T0 method

The starting point for seeking the distribution of the turns inside the stranded coil from Figure 1 is the equations of steady state current flow [6]. These equations, taking into account relation between vector potential T0 and current density vector J0 (i.e. J0 = curlT0), can be expressed as:

curlγ1curlT0=0Ωc(1a)

and

curlcurlT0=0Ωn(1b)

and are solved with respect to following boundary conditions:

T0=0Γ0+ΓΩ,(2a)
T0=τ0ΓTo(2b)

and

curlτ0=0ΓTo(2c)

where: γ is the material conductivity, and τ0 is the function that describes distribution of the potential T0 on the boundary surface ΓT0 (see Figure 1).

Taking into account the boundary conditions (2) in (1), the equations describing distribution of current vector potential T0 inside region of considered coil will have following form:

curlγ1curlT0Ωc+curlγ1curlτ0ΓT0Ωc=0(3a)
curlcurlT0Ωn+curlcurlτ0ΓT0Ωn=0(3b)

In general, the equations (3), obtained by means of T0 method, are solved employing numerical methods based on the space discretization. To solve (3) the 3D Edge Element Method has been applied [9, 10], for which equations (3) can be expressed in the following form:

ksTRΩcksi0c=RΩci0τinΩc(4a)
ksTRΩnksi0n=RΩni0τinΩn(4b)

where: i0c and i0n are the vectors describing the edge values of the potential T0 inside region (Ωc) of the coil and beyond this region (Ωn) respectively [6]; ks is the transposed loop matrix of EFN [10], and the vector i0τ describes given source of edge values of T0 on surface ΓT0. The matrices RΩc and RΩn are the coefficient matrices of the EE equations for considered regions Ωc and Ωn in the coil calculated from the following expressions:

RΩc=Vewfqγ1wfpdv(5)
RΩn=Vewfqwfpdv(6)

where: wfq, wfq are interpolation functions of facet element [10].

For determining the edge values (i0τ) of potential T0 on the boundary surface ΓT0, the relation between edge quantities i0τ and facet currents of EFN network (facet quantities if0 of current density vector J0, where J0curlT0) has been employed [10]. To determine the i0τ, it is necessary to include also condition that current density in normal direction to surface ΓT0 is equal to zero [6]:

ksi0τ=0ΓT0(7)

In discussed approach the equations (7) are solved first, next obtained distribution of i0τ vector is introduced to (4) and solved. Nevertheless, to solve equations (7) (at the stage of meshing of the domain) it is necessary to choose one or higher number of cross-sections of the coil on which the current density is specified. Our experience shows that using single cross-section per coil is sufficient for most of the cases, however when modeling the coils of complex geometry of current path to achieve faster convergence of the solving equations (7), it is convenient to increase number of cross-sections. Next, basing on the selected cross-sections the right hand sides of the equations (7) are determined. In the paper, equations (7) are solved for given values of the edge quantities i0τPuPv of the potential T0 of edges PuPv. These edges of the mesh elements correspond to PiPj edges of selected cross-section of the coil (Figure 2) and lay on the surface ΓT0 (Figure 1). For example, for the cross-section illustrated in Figure 2 values i0τPuPv are determined by the following formula [6]:

i0τ,PuPv=PuPvT0dl=PuPvτ0dl=zcicli,jlu,v(8)
Figure 2 Definition of bonduary function τ0 for the edge PiPj of the cross-section of coil shown in Figure 1
Figure 2

Definition of bonduary function τ0 for the edge PiPj of the cross-section of coil shown in Figure 1

where: ic is the value of the current in coil, zc is the number of turns, lu,v and li,j are the lengths of the edges PuPv and PiPj, respectively (see Figure 2).

The presented above formulas are the same as for the CF and MF of T0 method. The difference between formulations lays only in the different way of calculation of conductivity γ of the medium. In the classical approach of T0 method, as noted in [8], “it is assumed that γ is constant and uniform over whole coil domain Ωc, (i.e. γ = γc), whereas in the modified method the value of the conductivity of each finite element γi of the domain (i.e. ith EFN for presented EEM formulation) is determined iteratively to achieve the homogeneity of the current density distribution inside the coil. In kth iteration, the conductivity of ith element is calculated according to the following formula:

γi=γcfork=1γck=2MJav(k1)Je,i(k1)fork2(9)

where: Je,i(k1),Jav(k1) are the current density in ith facet element and global current density in the coil for (k-1)th iteration, and symbol M is assumed number of refinements (iterations) of current density distribution homogenization”. It is worth to notice that the modification of the T0 method, proposed by authors, is applicable for the coils of constant cross-section of the current path along studied domain.

3 Results of case study problems

In the first stage of studies, the discussed method of description of the windings of the electrical machines has been tested on a case study problem of simple multi-turn coil shown in Figure 1. Considered region has been subdivided into tetrahedron elements. The total number of finite elements was equal to 2.500, while the number of EEM equations of 3D model was over 14.000. The EEM equations have been solved iteratively using ICCG method. The calculations have been performed using our own developed software on PC with Intel 3Ghz I7 processor and 16GB of RAM memory. The values of function τ0i,j along edge Pi,j (see Figure 2) of selected cross-section have been determined to ensure resulting (expected) current density in the coil equal to 5 A/mm2. In the case study problem, single cross-section of the coil has been used to determine the electric vector potential T0 and current density distribution inside the coil. The distributions of: (a) potential T0 inside (Ωc) and outside (Ωn) of the coil region, and (b) current density J0 inside the coil have been determined by means of the CF and the MF of T0 methods. In the CF, the distributions T0 and J0 have been obtained after single solving of equations (4), whereas in the MF, the equations (4) have been solved iteratively concerning expression (8), results have been obtained in kth iteration fulfilling the convergence criterion defined as:

Jav(k)Je,i(k)/Jav(k)εr(10)

where: εt represents the desired level of uniformity of the current density distribution. Conducted studies on the case study problem shows that satisfactory results have been obtained for εt equal to 10−3. The comparisons of obtained distributions of T0 and J0 have been shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.

Figure 3 Distribution of current vector potential T0 for the region of multi-turn coil obtained for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method
Figure 3

Distribution of current vector potential T0 for the region of multi-turn coil obtained for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method

Figure 4 Distribution of current density vector J0 in multi-turn coil for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method
Figure 4

Distribution of current density vector J0 in multi-turn coil for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method

Analyzing both the distributions, it can be stated that imposed modification of T0 method improves the uniformity of the current density inside the coil. For the CF of T0 method the current density in the straight parts of the coil was equal to expected 5 A/mm2, while inside the regions in which the current density vector changes the direction, the norm of J0 varied markedly from 2.70 to 7.20 A/mm2. In case of MF the norm of current density vector inside whole coil domain was in range from 4.90 to 5.08 A/mm2.

In the next stage, we have tested the discussed approaches on case problem coils of more complex geometry of the current path. Two coils of typical design of high voltage asynchronous motors have been examined, the coils of (a) single layer and (b) double layer winding have been considered, respectively. The region of the coil (a) was discretized with 43 794 tetrahedral elements, while the domain of the coil (b) was subdivided into 44 518 finite elements. The values of function τ0i,j have been determined to ensure resulting (expected) current density inside the coils equal to 5 A/mm2. Calculated distributions of current density J0 by means of the CF and MF of T0 method have been compared in Figures 5 and 6 for coils of single and double layer windings, respectively.

Figure 5 Distribution of current density vector J0 in the coil of single layer winding, for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method
Figure 5

Distribution of current density vector J0 in the coil of single layer winding, for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method

Figure 6 Distribution of current density vector J0 in the coil of double layer winding, for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method
Figure 6

Distribution of current density vector J0 in the coil of double layer winding, for: (a) the CF, and (b) the MF of T0 method

Presented results also showed the superiority of the proposed MF of T0 method over classical approach. For studied coils of single and double layer windings of the high voltage induction motors after application of modified T0 method, the norm of current density inside coils is kept in range from 4.89 to 5.11 A/mm2 (for assumed current density equal to 5 A/mm2).

Working on description of the windings of the electrical machines using the classical and modified T0 methods, the authors wonder if there is any real impact of homogeneity of current density distribution in applied numerical models on functional parameters (i.e. integral quantities as torques, forces and induced voltages – emfs) of electrical machines. To find answer for this question we have performed calculations of functional parameters – electromagnetic torque and emfs’ waveforms of two purposely selected test permanent magnet machines. The machine (a) with classical stator and rotor cores made of ferromagnetic sheets – PMM-FS motor – (Figure 7a) and (b) double rotor motor with air-core (coreless) of stator – DRACS motor – (Figure 7b) have been examined.

Figure 7 Motor construction: (a) with core of stator and rotor made from ferromagnetic sheets (PMM-FS motor); and (b) with air-core stator and double rotor (DRACS motor)
Figure 7

Motor construction: (a) with core of stator and rotor made from ferromagnetic sheets (PMM-FS motor); and (b) with air-core stator and double rotor (DRACS motor)

First, the impact of method of description of electromagnetic field sources (by means of modified and classical T0 approaches) on the electromagnetic torque waveform has been examined. Comparisons of calculated torque waveforms have been presented in Figures 8 and 9 for PMM-FS and DRACS motors, respectively. The calculations have been conducted assuming supply of the motors by 3-phase balanced system.

Figure 8 Torque waveforms of PMM-FS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method
Figure 8

Torque waveforms of PMM-FS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method

Figure 9 Torque waveforms of DRACS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method
Figure 9

Torque waveforms of DRACS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method

For the motor of classical laminated core (PMM-FS) conducted studies showed that homogeneity of current density inside the coil has marginal impact on the torque waveform. Noted differences between average value and torque ripples were below 0.5% comparing to the results obtained by means of classical T0 method. It is not surprising; keeping in mind that ferromagnetic core focuses the magnetic field along the straight part of the coil. However, considering the coreless motor (DRACS), it should be noted that proper modeling of the current sources has remarkable impact on the average value.

Next, the influence of winding description on emfs’ waveforms has been tested. The calculations have been performed at no-load conditions (open circuit) at rated speeds of the studied motors. The comparisons of the emfs’ waveforms have been presented in Figures 10 and 11 for PMM-FS and DRACS motors, respectively.

Figure 10 Emf waveforms of PMM-FS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method
Figure 10

Emf waveforms of PMM-FS motor for the CF and MF of T0 method

Figure 11 Emf waveforms of DRACS motor for CF and MF of T0 method
Figure 11

Emf waveforms of DRACS motor for CF and MF of T0 method

The obtained results showed that there is practically no impact of winding description on calculated waveforms – noted differences were below 0.1%.

4 Conclusions

In the paper, the results of comparative analysis between the classical and modified approach of the description of electrical machines stranded wire windings by means of the T0 method have been presented and discussed. Based on the determined distributions of current density vector, it has been proved that application of proposed modification of the T0 method allows achieving greater homogeneity of distribution current density inside region of the considered winding.

In order to examine the impact of homogeneity of the current density distribution inside the coil, the comparative analysis of functional parameters of test permanent magnet motors has been performed. The obtained results showed that homogeneity of current density distribution has negligible impact on emfs’ and torque waveforms of motors of classical ferromagnetic cores. Therefore, in authors’ opinion, the application of unmodified T0 method of winding description is sufficient to obtain reliable results. Nevertheless, when considering more and more popular coreless machines, presented results showed that adequate modeling of the magnetic field sources has notable impact on electromagnetic torque value and ripples. Therefore, for needs of modeling of coreless electromagnetic transducers it is convenient to consider and apply modification of T0 method for the winding description.

Another potential application of modified formulation of T0 method is, in authors’ opinion, the calculation of forces acting on the end connections of the windings during the inrush and short-circuits currents of high power electrical machines.

References

[1] Mlot A., Lukaniszyn M., Korkosz M., Analysis of end-winding proximity losses in a high-speed PM machine, Archives of Electrical Engineering, 2016, 65(2), 249-261.10.1515/aee-2016-0017Search in Google Scholar

[2] Paplicki P., A novel rotor design for a hybrid excited synchronous machine, Archives of Electrical Engineering, 2017, 66(1), 29-40.10.1515/aee-2017-0003Search in Google Scholar

[3] Nowak L., Demenko A., The 3D coupled field-circuit simulation of transients in converters with conducting solid parts, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36(4), 1412-1415.10.1109/20.877703Search in Google Scholar

[4] Biro O., Preis K., Buchgraber G., Ticar I., Voltage driven coils in finite element formulations using a current vector and a magnetic scalar potential, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(2), 1286-1289.10.1109/TMAG.2004.825428Search in Google Scholar

[5] Wojciechowski R.M., Demenko A., Sykulski J.K., Comperative analysis of A-V and A-T-T0 calculations of induced currents in multiply connected regions, IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 2012, 6(5), 312-318.10.1049/iet-smt.2011.0114Search in Google Scholar

[6] Wojciechowski R.M., Jędryczka C., A description of the sources of magnetic field using edge values of the current vector potential, Archives of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 67(1) (in press).Search in Google Scholar

[7] Demenko A., Representation of windings in the 3D finite element description of electromagnetic converters, IEE Proc. Sci. Meas. Technol., 2002, 149, 186-189.10.1049/ic:20020150Search in Google Scholar

[8] Wojciechowski R.M., Jędryczka C., Description of the windings of the electromagnetic energy converters using the modified T0 method, 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF), Book of Abstracts, Łódź, Poland, 14-16 September 201710.1109/ISEF.2017.8090679Search in Google Scholar

[9] Bosavit A., Computational electromagnetism, variational formulations, complementarity, edge elements, Academic Press, 2011Search in Google Scholar

[10] Demenko A., Sykulski J.K., Geometric formulation of edge and nodal finite element equations in electromagnetics, Compel, 2012, 31(5), 1347-1357.10.1108/03321641211246392Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2017-11-2
Accepted: 2017-11-12
Published Online: 2017-12-29

© 2017 R. M. Wojciechowski and C. Jędryczka

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Analysis of a New Fractional Model for Damped Bergers’ Equation
  3. Regular Articles
  4. Optimal homotopy perturbation method for nonlinear differential equations governing MHD Jeffery-Hamel flow with heat transfer problem
  5. Regular Articles
  6. Semi- analytic numerical method for solution of time-space fractional heat and wave type equations with variable coefficients
  7. Regular Articles
  8. Investigation of a curve using Frenet frame in the lightlike cone
  9. Regular Articles
  10. Construction of complex networks from time series based on the cross correlation interval
  11. Regular Articles
  12. Nonlinear Schrödinger approach to European option pricing
  13. Regular Articles
  14. A modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method for three-dimensional non-linear diffusion equations
  15. Regular Articles
  16. A new miniaturized negative-index meta-atom for tri-band applications
  17. Regular Articles
  18. Seismic stability of the survey areas of potential sites for the deep geological repository of the spent nuclear fuel
  19. Regular Articles
  20. Distributed containment control of heterogeneous fractional-order multi-agent systems with communication delays
  21. Regular Articles
  22. Sensitivity analysis and economic optimization studies of inverted five-spot gas cycling in gas condensate reservoir
  23. Regular Articles
  24. Quantum mechanics with geometric constraints of Friedmann type
  25. Regular Articles
  26. Modeling and Simulation for an 8 kW Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System
  27. Regular Articles
  28. Application of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method to nonlinear Bingham fluid dampers
  29. Regular Articles
  30. Analysis of Drude model using fractional derivatives without singular kernels
  31. Regular Articles
  32. An unsteady MHD Maxwell nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions using spectral local linearization method
  33. Regular Articles
  34. New analytical solutions for conformable fractional PDEs arising in mathematical physics by exp-function method
  35. Regular Articles
  36. Quantum mechanical calculation of electron spin
  37. Regular Articles
  38. CO2 capture by polymeric membranes composed of hyper-branched polymers with dense poly(oxyethylene) comb and poly(amidoamine)
  39. Regular Articles
  40. Chain on a cone
  41. Regular Articles
  42. Multi-task feature learning by using trace norm regularization
  43. Regular Articles
  44. Superluminal tunneling of a relativistic half-integer spin particle through a potential barrier
  45. Regular Articles
  46. Neutrosophic triplet normed space
  47. Regular Articles
  48. Lie algebraic discussion for affinity based information diffusion in social networks
  49. Regular Articles
  50. Radiation dose and cancer risk estimates in helical CT for pulmonary tuberculosis infections
  51. Regular Articles
  52. A comparison study of steady-state vibrations with single fractional-order and distributed-order derivatives
  53. Regular Articles
  54. Some new remarks on MHD Jeffery-Hamel fluid flow problem
  55. Regular Articles
  56. Numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic slip flow of power-law nanofluid with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity over a permeable surface
  57. Regular Articles
  58. Charge conservation in a gravitational field in the scalar ether theory
  59. Regular Articles
  60. Measurement problem and local hidden variables with entangled photons
  61. Regular Articles
  62. Compression of hyper-spectral images using an accelerated nonnegative tensor decomposition
  63. Regular Articles
  64. Fabrication and application of coaxial polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber membranes
  65. Regular Articles
  66. Calculating degree-based topological indices of dominating David derived networks
  67. Regular Articles
  68. The structure and conductivity of polyelectrolyte based on MEH-PPV and potassium iodide (KI) for dye-sensitized solar cells
  69. Regular Articles
  70. Chiral symmetry restoration and the critical end point in QCD
  71. Regular Articles
  72. Numerical solution for fractional Bratu’s initial value problem
  73. Regular Articles
  74. Structure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by ALD method
  75. Regular Articles
  76. Quadruple multi-wavelength conversion for access network scalability based on cross-phase modulation in an SOA-MZI
  77. Regular Articles
  78. Application of ANNs approach for wave-like and heat-like equations
  79. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  80. Study on node importance evaluation of the high-speed passenger traffic complex network based on the Structural Hole Theory
  81. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  82. A mathematical/physics model to measure the role of information and communication technology in some economies: the Chinese case
  83. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  84. Numerical modeling of the thermoelectric cooler with a complementary equation for heat circulation in air gaps
  85. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  86. On the libration collinear points in the restricted three – body problem
  87. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  88. Research on Critical Nodes Algorithm in Social Complex Networks
  89. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  90. A simulation based research on chance constrained programming in robust facility location problem
  91. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  92. A mathematical/physics carbon emission reduction strategy for building supply chain network based on carbon tax policy
  93. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  94. Mathematical analysis of the impact mechanism of information platform on agro-product supply chain and agro-product competitiveness
  95. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  96. A real negative selection algorithm with evolutionary preference for anomaly detection
  97. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  98. A privacy-preserving parallel and homomorphic encryption scheme
  99. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  100. Random walk-based similarity measure method for patterns in complex object
  101. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  102. A Mathematical Study of Accessibility and Cohesion Degree in a High-Speed Rail Station Connected to an Urban Bus Transport Network
  103. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  104. Design and Simulation of the Integrated Navigation System based on Extended Kalman Filter
  105. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  106. Oil exploration oriented multi-sensor image fusion algorithm
  107. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  108. Analysis of Product Distribution Strategy in Digital Publishing Industry Based on Game-Theory
  109. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  110. Expanded Study on the accumulation effect of tourism under the constraint of structure
  111. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  112. Unstructured P2P Network Load Balance Strategy Based on Multilevel Partitioning of Hypergraph
  113. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  114. Research on the method of information system risk state estimation based on clustering particle filter
  115. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  116. Demand forecasting and information platform in tourism
  117. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  118. Physical-chemical properties studying of molecular structures via topological index calculating
  119. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  120. Local kernel nonparametric discriminant analysis for adaptive extraction of complex structures
  121. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  122. City traffic flow breakdown prediction based on fuzzy rough set
  123. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  124. Conservation laws for a strongly damped wave equation
  125. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  126. Blending type approximation by Stancu-Kantorovich operators based on Pólya-Eggenberger distribution
  127. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  128. Computing the Ediz eccentric connectivity index of discrete dynamic structures
  129. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  130. A discrete epidemic model for bovine Babesiosis disease and tick populations
  131. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  132. Study on maintaining formations during satellite formation flying based on SDRE and LQR
  133. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  134. Relationship between solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer and CT image features based on gradual clustering
  135. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  136. A novel fast target tracking method for UAV aerial image
  137. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  138. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of interuniversity collaborative learning based on network
  139. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  140. Conservation laws, classical symmetries and exact solutions of the generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation
  141. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  142. After notes on self-similarity exponent for fractal structures
  143. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  144. Excitation probability and effective temperature in the stationary regime of conductivity for Coulomb Glasses
  145. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  146. Comparisons of feature extraction algorithm based on unmanned aerial vehicle image
  147. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  148. Research on identification method of heavy vehicle rollover based on hidden Markov model
  149. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  150. Classifying BCI signals from novice users with extreme learning machine
  151. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  152. Topics on data transmission problem in software definition network
  153. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  154. Statistical inferences with jointly type-II censored samples from two Pareto distributions
  155. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  156. Estimation for coefficient of variation of an extension of the exponential distribution under type-II censoring scheme
  157. Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
  158. Analysis on trust influencing factors and trust model from multiple perspectives of online Auction
  159. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  160. Coupling of two-phase flow in fractured-vuggy reservoir with filling medium
  161. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  162. Production decline type curves analysis of a finite conductivity fractured well in coalbed methane reservoirs
  163. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  164. Flow Characteristic and Heat Transfer for Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in Rectangular Microchannels with Teardrop Dimples/Protrusions
  165. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  166. The size prediction of potential inclusions embedded in the sub-surface of fused silica by damage morphology
  167. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  168. Research on carbonate reservoir interwell connectivity based on a modified diffusivity filter model
  169. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  170. The method of the spatial locating of macroscopic throats based-on the inversion of dynamic interwell connectivity
  171. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  172. Unsteady mixed convection flow through a permeable stretching flat surface with partial slip effects through MHD nanofluid using spectral relaxation method
  173. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  174. A volumetric ablation model of EPDM considering complex physicochemical process in porous structure of char layer
  175. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  176. Numerical simulation on ferrofluid flow in fractured porous media based on discrete-fracture model
  177. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  178. Macroscopic lattice Boltzmann model for heat and moisture transfer process with phase transformation in unsaturated porous media during freezing process
  179. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  180. Modelling of intermittent microwave convective drying: parameter sensitivity
  181. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  182. Simulating gas-water relative permeabilities for nanoscale porous media with interfacial effects
  183. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  184. Simulation of counter-current imbibition in water-wet fractured reservoirs based on discrete-fracture model
  185. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  186. Investigation effect of wettability and heterogeneity in water flooding and on microscopic residual oil distribution in tight sandstone cores with NMR technique
  187. Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
  188. Analytical modeling of coupled flow and geomechanics for vertical fractured well in tight gas reservoirs
  189. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  190. Special Issue: Ever New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  191. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  192. The ultimate loophole in Bell’s theorem: The inequality is identically satisfied by data sets composed of ±1′s assuming merely that they exist
  193. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  194. Erratum to: The ultimate loophole in Bell’s theorem: The inequality is identically satisfied by data sets composed of ±1′s assuming merely that they exist
  195. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  196. Rhetoric, logic, and experiment in the quantum nonlocality debate
  197. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  198. What If Quantum Theory Violates All Mathematics?
  199. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  200. Relativity, anomalies and objectivity loophole in recent tests of local realism
  201. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  202. The photon identification loophole in EPRB experiments: computer models with single-wing selection
  203. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  204. Bohr against Bell: complementarity versus nonlocality
  205. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  206. Is Einsteinian no-signalling violated in Bell tests?
  207. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  208. Bell’s “Theorem”: loopholes vs. conceptual flaws
  209. Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
  210. Nonrecurrence and Bell-like inequalities
  211. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  212. Three-dimensional computer models of electrospinning systems
  213. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  214. Electric field computation and measurements in the electroporation of inhomogeneous samples
  215. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  216. Modelling of magnetostriction of transformer magnetic core for vibration analysis
  217. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  218. Comparison of the fractional power motor with cores made of various magnetic materials
  219. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  220. Dynamics of the line-start reluctance motor with rotor made of SMC material
  221. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  222. Inhomogeneous dielectrics: conformal mapping and finite-element models
  223. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  224. Topology optimization of induction heating model using sequential linear programming based on move limit with adaptive relaxation
  225. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  226. Detection of inter-turn short-circuit at start-up of induction machine based on torque analysis
  227. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  228. Current superimposition variable flux reluctance motor with 8 salient poles
  229. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  230. Modelling axial vibration in windings of power transformers
  231. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  232. Field analysis & eddy current losses calculation in five-phase tubular actuator
  233. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  234. Hybrid excited claw pole generator with skewed and non-skewed permanent magnets
  235. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  236. Electromagnetic phenomena analysis in brushless DC motor with speed control using PWM method
  237. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  238. Field-circuit analysis and measurements of a single-phase self-excited induction generator
  239. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  240. A comparative analysis between classical and modified approach of description of the electrical machine windings by means of T0 method
  241. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  242. Field-based optimal-design of an electric motor: a new sensitivity formulation
  243. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  244. Application of the parametric proper generalized decomposition to the frequency-dependent calculation of the impedance of an AC line with rectangular conductors
  245. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  246. Virtual reality as a new trend in mechanical and electrical engineering education
  247. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  248. Holonomicity analysis of electromechanical systems
  249. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  250. An accurate reactive power control study in virtual flux droop control
  251. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  252. Localized probability of improvement for kriging based multi-objective optimization
  253. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  254. Research of influence of open-winding faults on properties of brushless permanent magnets motor
  255. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  256. Optimal design of the rotor geometry of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor using the bat algorithm
  257. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  258. Model of depositing layer on cylindrical surface produced by induction-assisted laser cladding process
  259. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  260. Detection of inter-turn faults in transformer winding using the capacitor discharge method
  261. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  262. A novel hybrid genetic algorithm for optimal design of IPM machines for electric vehicle
  263. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  264. Lamination effects on a 3D model of the magnetic core of power transformers
  265. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  266. Detection of vertical disparity in three-dimensional visualizations
  267. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  268. Calculations of magnetic field in dynamo sheets taking into account their texture
  269. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  270. 3-dimensional computer model of electrospinning multicapillary unit used for electrostatic field analysis
  271. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  272. Optimization of wearable microwave antenna with simplified electromagnetic model of the human body
  273. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  274. Induction heating process of ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes based on 3-D model
  275. Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
  276. Speed control of an induction motor by 6-switched 3-level inverter
Downloaded on 10.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2017-0111/html
Scroll to top button