Abstract
Since their discovery by Iijima in 1991 [1], carbon nanotubes have sparked unwavering interest among researchers all over the world. This is due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotubes have excellent mechanical and electrical properties with high chemical and thermal stability. In addition, carbon nanotubes have a very large surface area and are hollow inside. This gives a very broad spectrum of nanotube applications, such as in combination with polymers as polymer composites in the automotive, aerospace or textile industries. At present, many methods of nanotube synthesis are known [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. It is also possible to use carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14], including the destruction of cancer cells using iron-filled carbon nanotubes in the hyperthermia process. Computer modelling results of Fe-CNTs induction heating process are presented in the paper. As an object used for computer model creation, Fe-CNTs were synthesized by the authors using CCVD technique.
1 Introduction
Carbon nanotubes were discovered by Ijima in 1991. Since that discovery many researchers all over the world have performed experiments concerning CNTs usage. The reason of unwavering interest among scientists is caused by unique properties of carbon nanotubes - electrical [15], mechanical [16], high temperature stability [17] and chemical resistance. Consequently, there is a very wide spectrum of possible CNT applications - e.g. consumer electronics, textile industry, or even as a filler in polymer composites [18] and a variety of material in industrial and medical applications.
Among others, the biomedical application is one of the most important. Due to the large specific surface of CNTs and hollow interior, carbon nanotubes can be used as precise addressed drug carriers (with proper protein-ligands attached). Addressing due to functional groups attached to surface and ferromagnetic material filling gives unique “nanocontainers” - Fe-CNTs capable of selective tumor cell destruction. This process is realized with the use of an electromagnetic field, causing energy (heat) generation by Fe-CNTs. This process ends with the necrosis of cancer cells. Usage of Fe-CNTs with proper protein-ligands is selective and safe for patient, which is in stark contrast to current antitumor agents used in cancer treatment. In the presented paper, computer 3-D models of Fe-CNTs used in hyperthermal destruction of tumor cell process are described.
2 Fe - CNTs synthesis and material propperties
The use of carbon nanotubes is conditioned by the development of an efficient synthesis process capable of producing a material with specific, desirable properties.
In this work, Fe-CNTs are obtained as a result of synthesis process, in which catalytic-chemical CCVD vapour deposition with continuous catalyst solution delivery was used. In the literature, this process is described as a liquid source chemical vapour deposition [19]. In the case of Fe - CNTs, the choice of possible catalysts is limited to metalorganic compounds of general formula (Me-(C5H5)2), where Me is a transition metal. Cytotoxicity of the obtained material is a matter of a great importance, and this is the reason of ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) usage. The choice of the method is dictated by the ability to control the synthesis parameters: catalyst solution feed rate, process temperature and carrier gas flow. The Fe-CNTs growth process temperature was 1070K, and the catalyst solution evaporation temperature was 570K. A carrier gas Ar/H2, 500 to 80 SLPM (standard liter per minute, 1 SLPM = 1.68875 Pa·m3/s) mixture was used. Catalyst (10% by weight solution) was used with feed rate of 8 ccm per hour. Fe-CNTs obtained in synthesis process, grow in the form of a “carpet”, perpendicularly to the base (Figure 1). Carbon nanotubes, visible in Figure 1, had been used to create computer models and numerical calculations presented in the paper. The placement and the amount of ferromagnetic material, encapsulated inside Fe-CNTs, was examined using TEM and TGA techniques (see Figures 1 and 2, respectively).

“Carpet” of Fe–CNTs

TEM image – visible black shape inside carbon nanotube is encapsulated Fe nanoparticle
Thermograph visible in Figure 3, gives some information about both the CNTs type and chemical composition. One can see a maximum differential curve (the blue one at a temperature close to 620°C). That is the decomposition temperature typical for multiwalled carbon nanotubes. For experiments described in this paper, the residue value is very important. This provides information about ferromagnetic filler content.

TGA analysis thermograph – determined residue corresponding to Fe weight content (∼11%)
3 Induction heating process
Radio frequencies could be defined as electromagnetic field characterized by a frequency fitting with the range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz [20]. One of the greatest advantages of this kind of radiation is, that it is a widely examined interaction with human tissues. Multiple scientific papers report lack of any negative side-effect of this type of treatment [21, 22]. Moreover, deep tissue penetration becomes reachable in contrary to the NIR radiation [23]. An assembly on the above mentioned features results in a vast variety of biomedical applications. In order to achieve the assumed treatment effectiveness the temperature of diseased tissue should be elevated to the level of 43-48°C [24]. The research in the field of RF induced heating is conducted at frequencies of 266 and 231 kHz. Different field intensities were applied with the aim of recognising dependency between particle size, relaxation time, specific absorption rate and amplitude of magnetic field. During our experiments Fe-CNTs the heating tests on variable frequency of electromagnetic field were performed (110 kHz, 165.8 kHz, 329 kHz, 465.6 kHz, 620.9 kHz).
4 Computer models
The computer model of ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes was created using COMSOL package. It was made for the tablet that is filled with ferromagnetic carbon ferroalloy. The material is called polyvinylpyrrolidone (K 30). Additionally, a 17 turn coil, which was wound around the tablet to excite the magnetic field. Because of the need to cool the system, the flow of liquid was modelled. This refers to principle of operation of the induction heating process.
In the computer model, Ampere’s Law was used:
where:
The current excitation is expressed by the equation:
and:
In the coupling of the electromagnetic model with the thermal model, the following calculations and equations were used:
where Qe is described as:
In the computer model the following values were used:
Icoil = 2.5 A (current of the coil);
f = 110 kHz, 165.8 kHz, 329 kHz, 465.6 kHz, 620.9 kHz (different frequency settings).
Material properties for thermal and electromagnetic analysis are presented in Table 1.
Material properties (T = 293 K).
Element/material | Electrical conductivity [S/m] | Thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)] | Specific heat [J/(kg·K)] | Density [kg/m3] |
---|---|---|---|---|
iron | 1.12 e7 | 3.85 | 641.5 | 5800 |
polymide | - | 0.15 | 1100 | 1300 |
water | 5.5 e-6 | 0.6 | 4189.9 | 998 |
copper | 5.998 e7 | 400 | 385 | 8700 |
The axial-symmetrical condition (on the longitudinal axis r from Figure 4a) and on the edges of the model (around) for electromagnetic analysis was set:

Mashed model: a) 2-D (axis symmetrical model), b) 3-D (full three-dimensional model)
The heat equation accepts two basic types of boundary conditions: specified temperature:
and specified inward heat flux:
The finite element mesh was concentrated around the tablet (circle) to obtain better results of temperature distributions.
5 Results
Figure 5 represents the magnetic field distribution in three dimensional model of induction heating system. The next figures (Figure 6a and b) show the temperature distribution around the tablet before heating (t = 0s) and after two minutes (t = 120s).
![Figure 5 Surface: magnetic field norm [A/m]; arrow surface: magnetic flux density; time t = 0s](/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2017-0134/asset/graphic/j_phys-2017-0134_fig_005.jpg)
Surface: magnetic field norm [A/m]; arrow surface: magnetic flux density; time t = 0s
![Figure 6 Temperature distribution in a) t = 0s and b) t = 120s [K]](/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2017-0134/asset/graphic/j_phys-2017-0134_fig_006.jpg)
Temperature distribution in a) t = 0s and b) t = 120s [K]
Figure 7 presents the temperature vs. time plot depending on the distance of the measuring point related to the tablet.
![Figure 7 Transient temperature depending on the distance of the measuring point related to the tablet: a) complete curves, b) logarithmic scale [K]](/document/doi/10.1515/phys-2017-0134/asset/graphic/j_phys-2017-0134_fig_007.jpg)
Transient temperature depending on the distance of the measuring point related to the tablet: a) complete curves, b) logarithmic scale [K]
6 Conclusions
It is clear that interdisciplinary approaches must be taken first of all in these models. Lack of such an approach results in limitation of many real physical phenomena. Presented models allow to solve many practical problems in thermal and electromagnetic analysis of ferromagnetic nanotubes.
The results show that there is a possibility of effectively heating nanotubes with a ferromagnetic filler. In the next stage numerical results versus experimental measurements will be compared.
Acknowledgement
This work has been financed from the budget of science as a research project No. PBS2/A5/31/2013.
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- Virtual reality as a new trend in mechanical and electrical engineering education
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Holonomicity analysis of electromechanical systems
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- An accurate reactive power control study in virtual flux droop control
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Localized probability of improvement for kriging based multi-objective optimization
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Research of influence of open-winding faults on properties of brushless permanent magnets motor
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Optimal design of the rotor geometry of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor using the bat algorithm
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Model of depositing layer on cylindrical surface produced by induction-assisted laser cladding process
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Detection of inter-turn faults in transformer winding using the capacitor discharge method
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- A novel hybrid genetic algorithm for optimal design of IPM machines for electric vehicle
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Lamination effects on a 3D model of the magnetic core of power transformers
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Detection of vertical disparity in three-dimensional visualizations
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Calculations of magnetic field in dynamo sheets taking into account their texture
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- 3-dimensional computer model of electrospinning multicapillary unit used for electrostatic field analysis
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Optimization of wearable microwave antenna with simplified electromagnetic model of the human body
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Induction heating process of ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes based on 3-D model
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Speed control of an induction motor by 6-switched 3-level inverter
Articles in the same Issue
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- Analysis of a New Fractional Model for Damped Bergers’ Equation
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- Chiral symmetry restoration and the critical end point in QCD
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- Quadruple multi-wavelength conversion for access network scalability based on cross-phase modulation in an SOA-MZI
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- Application of ANNs approach for wave-like and heat-like equations
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Study on node importance evaluation of the high-speed passenger traffic complex network based on the Structural Hole Theory
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A mathematical/physics model to measure the role of information and communication technology in some economies: the Chinese case
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Numerical modeling of the thermoelectric cooler with a complementary equation for heat circulation in air gaps
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- On the libration collinear points in the restricted three – body problem
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Research on Critical Nodes Algorithm in Social Complex Networks
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A simulation based research on chance constrained programming in robust facility location problem
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A mathematical/physics carbon emission reduction strategy for building supply chain network based on carbon tax policy
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Mathematical analysis of the impact mechanism of information platform on agro-product supply chain and agro-product competitiveness
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A real negative selection algorithm with evolutionary preference for anomaly detection
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A privacy-preserving parallel and homomorphic encryption scheme
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Random walk-based similarity measure method for patterns in complex object
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A Mathematical Study of Accessibility and Cohesion Degree in a High-Speed Rail Station Connected to an Urban Bus Transport Network
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Design and Simulation of the Integrated Navigation System based on Extended Kalman Filter
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Oil exploration oriented multi-sensor image fusion algorithm
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Analysis of Product Distribution Strategy in Digital Publishing Industry Based on Game-Theory
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Expanded Study on the accumulation effect of tourism under the constraint of structure
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Unstructured P2P Network Load Balance Strategy Based on Multilevel Partitioning of Hypergraph
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Research on the method of information system risk state estimation based on clustering particle filter
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Demand forecasting and information platform in tourism
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Physical-chemical properties studying of molecular structures via topological index calculating
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Local kernel nonparametric discriminant analysis for adaptive extraction of complex structures
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- City traffic flow breakdown prediction based on fuzzy rough set
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Conservation laws for a strongly damped wave equation
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Blending type approximation by Stancu-Kantorovich operators based on Pólya-Eggenberger distribution
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Computing the Ediz eccentric connectivity index of discrete dynamic structures
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A discrete epidemic model for bovine Babesiosis disease and tick populations
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Study on maintaining formations during satellite formation flying based on SDRE and LQR
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Relationship between solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer and CT image features based on gradual clustering
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- A novel fast target tracking method for UAV aerial image
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of interuniversity collaborative learning based on network
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Conservation laws, classical symmetries and exact solutions of the generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- After notes on self-similarity exponent for fractal structures
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Excitation probability and effective temperature in the stationary regime of conductivity for Coulomb Glasses
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Comparisons of feature extraction algorithm based on unmanned aerial vehicle image
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Research on identification method of heavy vehicle rollover based on hidden Markov model
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Classifying BCI signals from novice users with extreme learning machine
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Topics on data transmission problem in software definition network
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Statistical inferences with jointly type-II censored samples from two Pareto distributions
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Estimation for coefficient of variation of an extension of the exponential distribution under type-II censoring scheme
- Special issue on Nonlinear Dynamics in General and Dynamical Systems in particular
- Analysis on trust influencing factors and trust model from multiple perspectives of online Auction
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Coupling of two-phase flow in fractured-vuggy reservoir with filling medium
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Production decline type curves analysis of a finite conductivity fractured well in coalbed methane reservoirs
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Flow Characteristic and Heat Transfer for Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in Rectangular Microchannels with Teardrop Dimples/Protrusions
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- The size prediction of potential inclusions embedded in the sub-surface of fused silica by damage morphology
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Research on carbonate reservoir interwell connectivity based on a modified diffusivity filter model
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- The method of the spatial locating of macroscopic throats based-on the inversion of dynamic interwell connectivity
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Unsteady mixed convection flow through a permeable stretching flat surface with partial slip effects through MHD nanofluid using spectral relaxation method
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- A volumetric ablation model of EPDM considering complex physicochemical process in porous structure of char layer
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Numerical simulation on ferrofluid flow in fractured porous media based on discrete-fracture model
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Macroscopic lattice Boltzmann model for heat and moisture transfer process with phase transformation in unsaturated porous media during freezing process
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Modelling of intermittent microwave convective drying: parameter sensitivity
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Simulating gas-water relative permeabilities for nanoscale porous media with interfacial effects
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Simulation of counter-current imbibition in water-wet fractured reservoirs based on discrete-fracture model
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Investigation effect of wettability and heterogeneity in water flooding and on microscopic residual oil distribution in tight sandstone cores with NMR technique
- Special Issue on Advances on Modelling of Flowing and Transport in Porous Media
- Analytical modeling of coupled flow and geomechanics for vertical fractured well in tight gas reservoirs
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Special Issue: Ever New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- The ultimate loophole in Bell’s theorem: The inequality is identically satisfied by data sets composed of ±1′s assuming merely that they exist
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Erratum to: The ultimate loophole in Bell’s theorem: The inequality is identically satisfied by data sets composed of ±1′s assuming merely that they exist
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Rhetoric, logic, and experiment in the quantum nonlocality debate
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- What If Quantum Theory Violates All Mathematics?
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Relativity, anomalies and objectivity loophole in recent tests of local realism
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- The photon identification loophole in EPRB experiments: computer models with single-wing selection
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Bohr against Bell: complementarity versus nonlocality
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Is Einsteinian no-signalling violated in Bell tests?
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Bell’s “Theorem”: loopholes vs. conceptual flaws
- Special Issue on Ever-New "Loopholes" in Bell’s Argument and Experimental Tests
- Nonrecurrence and Bell-like inequalities
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Three-dimensional computer models of electrospinning systems
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Electric field computation and measurements in the electroporation of inhomogeneous samples
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Modelling of magnetostriction of transformer magnetic core for vibration analysis
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Comparison of the fractional power motor with cores made of various magnetic materials
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Dynamics of the line-start reluctance motor with rotor made of SMC material
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Inhomogeneous dielectrics: conformal mapping and finite-element models
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Topology optimization of induction heating model using sequential linear programming based on move limit with adaptive relaxation
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Detection of inter-turn short-circuit at start-up of induction machine based on torque analysis
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Current superimposition variable flux reluctance motor with 8 salient poles
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Modelling axial vibration in windings of power transformers
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Field analysis & eddy current losses calculation in five-phase tubular actuator
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Hybrid excited claw pole generator with skewed and non-skewed permanent magnets
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Electromagnetic phenomena analysis in brushless DC motor with speed control using PWM method
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Field-circuit analysis and measurements of a single-phase self-excited induction generator
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- A comparative analysis between classical and modified approach of description of the electrical machine windings by means of T0 method
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Field-based optimal-design of an electric motor: a new sensitivity formulation
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Application of the parametric proper generalized decomposition to the frequency-dependent calculation of the impedance of an AC line with rectangular conductors
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Virtual reality as a new trend in mechanical and electrical engineering education
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Holonomicity analysis of electromechanical systems
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- An accurate reactive power control study in virtual flux droop control
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Localized probability of improvement for kriging based multi-objective optimization
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Research of influence of open-winding faults on properties of brushless permanent magnets motor
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Optimal design of the rotor geometry of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor using the bat algorithm
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Model of depositing layer on cylindrical surface produced by induction-assisted laser cladding process
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Detection of inter-turn faults in transformer winding using the capacitor discharge method
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- A novel hybrid genetic algorithm for optimal design of IPM machines for electric vehicle
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Lamination effects on a 3D model of the magnetic core of power transformers
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Detection of vertical disparity in three-dimensional visualizations
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Calculations of magnetic field in dynamo sheets taking into account their texture
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- 3-dimensional computer model of electrospinning multicapillary unit used for electrostatic field analysis
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Optimization of wearable microwave antenna with simplified electromagnetic model of the human body
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Induction heating process of ferromagnetic filled carbon nanotubes based on 3-D model
- Special Issue: The 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF 2017
- Speed control of an induction motor by 6-switched 3-level inverter