Startseite Micro- structure and rheological properties of graphene oxide rubber asphalt
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Micro- structure and rheological properties of graphene oxide rubber asphalt

  • Mei Lin EMAIL logo , Zhao Li Wang , Ping Wen Yang und Ping Li
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 12. November 2019
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Nanotechnology Reviews
Aus der Zeitschrift Nanotechnology Reviews Band 8 Heft 1

Abstract

Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterial has rich and excellent performance due to the size advantages. If nanotechnology is combined with pavement materials, it is foreseeable that it will have a profound impact on the development of the road. In the study, graphene oxide nanomaterial was added as modifiers to rubber asphalt and its microstructure was characterized. The rheological properties of graphene oxide rubber asphalt and the road performance of asphalt mixture were studied in accordance with the SHRP test. The results showed that graphene oxide could form a dense and stable microstructure with rubber powder and asphalt polymer. As a modifier, it could improve the anti-rutting performance of rubber modified asphalt and was more suitable for heavy traffic. Moreover, it had low sensitivity to temperature and was more suitable for areas with large temperature difference between day and night. The pavement performance of the graphene oxide rubber asphalt mixture had also been greatly improved.

Keywords: Graphene oxide rubber Asphalt; Microstructure; Rheological properties; Pavement performance

1 Introduction

At present, asphalt pavement materials are mainly SBS modified asphalt. Although they have excellent high and low temperature performance, the pavement using SBS modified asphalt still has some problems. For example, under heavy traffic and severe climatic conditions, their road performance had not been further improved, and due to a single modification method, it was prone to early disease, aging, performance degradation, and could not meet special road sections [1, 4]. Compared with waste rubber, SBS modifier is not only expensive but also be poor in anti-aging properties. However, there are so many problems in traditional rubber asphalt such as unstable quality, sulfur-containing pollution, large odor, high temperature viscosity, and low temperature crack resistance [5, 6]. Its pavement performance has not been able to exceed SBS modified asphalt. Therefore, it is particularly important to modify the traditional rubber asphalt to add polymer technology. Among the many modifiers, nano-modifiers have shown great potential in meeting the needs of the pavement industry. Many studies had analyzed the performance of nanomaterial modified asphalt [7, 8, 9, 10]. Asphalt material is composed of many organic molecules, its chemical composition is extremely complex and can react with various types of modifiers. Therefore, it was necessary to study the modification effect of different types of nano-materials such as nano-silica powder [11], carbon nano-tubes [12, 15], carbon nano-fibers [16, 17], polysiloxane-modified montmorillonite [18, 19] as well as non-modified and polymer modified Nano-clay [20, 21] used on asphalt. W.J. elaborated that more than a dozen nanomaterials could contribute to the performance optimization of pavement materials at the SATC meeting [22]. Jamshidi [23] discussed the rate of change that takes place in the rheological properties of asphalt binders modified with numerous types and contents of nano-materials. Through domestic and foreign research, graphene has a certain degree of research and application in the field of composite materials and intelligent transportation [24, 25, 26, 27] due to its own mechanical properties [28], electrical properties [29, 31], thermodynamic performance [32] and other advantages [33]. Although graphene exhibits various excellent physical properties and low production costs, it is prone to agglomeration. A rich oxygen-containing group is attached to the base surface and the edge of the graphene oxide (GO) structural unit, and these oxygen-containing groups mainly include -COOH, -OH, C=0, and epoxy-0-, etc [34]. These oxygen-containing groups provide a large number of active sites for the functionalization of the surface of GO [35, 36], shown as Figure 1. At present, only few scholars had studied the addition of GO to modify asphalt and asphalt mixtures [37, 38, 39]. However, the microscopic properties of GO and its macroscopic mechanical properties were not combined. In this study, GO was added as a modifier to rubber-modified asphalt, and the microstructure changes of the samples were scanned and analyzed. Then, the rheological properties and road performance of the samples were systematically tested according to the SHAP plan. The excellent properties of GO adding to rubber asphalt had been fully verified, and this study provided more options for the modification of asphalt materials.

Figure 1 The structure model of GO
Figure 1

The structure model of GO

2 Test materials and methods

2.1 Raw materials and preparation of asphalt samples

Raw materials

The style of matrix asphalt was SK-90 (Whose penetration grade is 90#). 90 means the penetration of the asphalt binder at 25∘C ranging from 80 to 100 (units in 0.1 mm). The technical indicators were detected accordance with the “Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering” (JTG E20-2011), and the results were shown in Table 1. The indicators of matrix asphalt met the specification shown as in Table 1. The rubber powder was the A grade 40 mesh rubber powder. The technical specifications of grapheme was shown as in Table 2.

Table 1

Technical indicators of SK-90 asphalt

Name of the pilot projectTest Resultsrequirements
Penetration (25∘C, 100g, 5s) /0.1mm8780-100
Softening Point/∘C46.5≥ 44
Ductility (15∘C) /cm115≥ 100
RTFOT agingQuality change/%−0.12−0.4~+0.4
Residual penetration (25∘C) /%72≥ 57
Residual Dilution (10∘C) /cm21≥ 8
Table 2

Technical indicators of graphene oxide

IndicatorsThickness

/ nm		Specific surface

area / (m2 / g)		Slice size

/ nm
value1.6~2.21500~25000.7~12

Preparation method of rubberized asphalt

The three asphalt samples were prepared by melt blending method, mainly using high-speed shear emulsifier to disperse nano-material graphene, rubber powder and SBS modifier in asphalt.

2.2 Test methods

Graphene oxide rubber asphalt (GORA), rubber asphalt (RA) and SBS modified asphalt (SBSA) were selected as the research objects, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), multi-stress repeated creep (MSCR) and dynamic shear rheology (DSR) tests were performed. Mixing design of GORA, RA and SBSA asphalt mixture by rotary compaction with AC-13 as the mix structure type (calledAC-13-GR, AC-13-R,AC-13-SBS). High temperature stability, low temperature performance and water stability of the mixture were tested.

2.2.1 SEM test

The surface of three asphalt were observed by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS, EVO18, Germany). The maximum magnification of SEM is 100,000 times. The specific methods for SEM test are followed: (1) Samples of three asphalt were melted into trichloroethylene to form the solution with a mass fraction of 10%. (2) The solution were uniformly dropped on a metal-like pile with a conductive cloth and dried under an infrared lamp. (3) The dry samples were sprayed as trichloroethylene was completely volatile. (4) SEM tests were carried out on samples.

2.2.2 DSR test

According to the SHRP plan, the three kinds of asphalt were subjected to DSR rheology test. The instrument used in the DSR test is a high precision TA-HR-1. The DSR test took the following two sweeping methods.

  1. Temperature sweep (TS)

    TS was in a stress-controlled loading mode with a test temperature range of 58∘C to 88∘C, an interval of 6∘C, a stress level of 100 Pa, and a test frequency of 10 rad/s.

  2. Frequency sweep (FS)

FS was in strain -controlled loading mode with angular frequency range of 0.1~100 rad/s,which strain levelwas 1.25%. The three asphalt samples were subjected to FS test at 30∘C~70∘C.

2.2.3 Multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR)

MSCR was carried out for 10 times (Creep 1s, recovery 9s) at the temperature of 64∘C and shear stress of 0.1 kPa and 3.2 kPa using DSR tester.

2.2.4 High temperature stability test of mixture

Rutting test, which can be evaluated performance of rubber asphalt mixture at the high temperature ,were carried out on the asphalt mixtures in accordance with “Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering” (JTGE20-2011). The rutting plate samples with the size of 300 mm×300 mm×50 mm were formed according to rolling method at the temperature of 60∘C and pressure of 0.7 MPa.

2.2.5 Low temperature performance test of mixture

The bending test of the trabecular, which could evaluate the performance of the rubber asphalt mixture at low temperature, were performed on the asphalt mixtures with two grades and three contents according to JTG E20-2011. The trabecular specimens were formed with rock cutting machine. Firstly, rutting plate samples were cut into beam specimens with the size of 250mm×30mm×35mm. Secondly, the trabecular specimen was in incubator at −10∘C for 3 hours before test. Lastly, the bending test of the trabecular was carried out at the temperature of −10∘C and a loading rate of 50mm/min.

2.2.6 Water stability test of mixture

The cylindrical marshall specimens with size of 101.6×63.5mm after repeated freeze-thaw cycles was tested by the Marshall Stability meter produced by Changsha Yaxing Company. Specimens of repeated freeze-thaw cy cles were tested as follows: (1) The specimens were been for 15 min under a vacuum of 98.0 KPa. (2) Normal pressure was restored, and the specimens keep for 0.5h in the sink of constant 25∘C. (3) The test pieces were placed in a plastic bag containing 10 ml of water and frozen for 6h in a refrigerator with constant temperature of −20∘C. (4) The specimen was placed in a sink with constant temperature of 25∘C and melt for 2 hours. The four steps were a freeze-thaw cycle. The split test was carried out according to the conditions of the freeze-thaw cycle for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 times.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Testing of three asphalt samples

The three asphalt samples of GORA, RA, SBSA were tested. The test results were provided in Table 3.

Table 3

Technical indicators of asphalt samples

Name of the pilot projectAsphalt type
GORARASBSA
Penetration (25∘C, 100g, 5s)/0.1mm555263
Softening Point/∘C817181
Ductility (5∘C) /cm221638
Kinematic viscosity (177∘C) /Pa.s2.91.781
Flexible recovery (25∘C)%93.58796
RTFOT aging Quality change/%−0.020.05−0.30
Residual Softening Point/%101114/
Residual penetration (25∘C) /∘C877684
Residual Dilutility (5∘C) /cm2113.923
Storage stability, segregation, 48h softening point difference0.70.92.0

As given in Table 3, general performance indicators of GO had been improved compared to RA and SBSA.

3.2 Microstructure analysis of materials

The microstructures of GO, RA, GORA, SBSA scanned scanned by SEM were shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2 Microstructure of asphalt samples
Figure 2

Microstructure of asphalt samples

Figure 3 The complex modulus master curve of 40∘C
Figure 3

The complex modulus master curve of 40∘C

Figure 2(a) showed that rich oxygen-containing groups were attached to the base surface and the edge of the graphene Oxide structural unit, and these oxygen-containing groups mainly included -COOH, -OH, C=0, and epoxy-0-. These oxygen-containing groups provide a large number of active sites for the functionalization of the surface of GO. Figure 2(b) showed that the rubber particles with irregular shape could not be dissolved in the asphalt, which were wrapped by binder. There was a good adhesion between particles and binder for two-phase interface united closely. Figure 3(c) illustrated the addition of GO to rubber asphalt to form a denser and more stable grid structure. Figure 3(d) showed SBS modified asphalt had agglomerated.

3.3 Rheological parameter analysis

According to SHRP, the shear frequency can be correlated with the amount of road traffic. When the shear frequency is between 0.01 and 100 Hz, it can simulate the normal traffic on the road. Higher frequencies simulate heavier traffic, whereas lower frequencies simulate lighter traffic [40, 41]. Therefore, when the shear frequency is 10−3 to 103 Hz, it can represent the entire traffic condition. According to the time-temperature equivalent principle [42, 45], the main curve in the wide frequency range of 40∘C was synthesized by horizontal displacement superposition, and the relationship between the frequency and the composite modulus G* was obtained, as shown in Figure 3.

It could be seen from Figure 3 that the composite modulus G* of the three kinds of asphalt decreased with the decrease of temperature. The modulus value of GORA was the highest under the same temperature, which indicated that the viscoelasticity of GORA increased with the increase of traffic volume, and the sensitivity of change was lower than that of the other two modified asphalts. Therefore, GORA was more suitable for heavy traffic and large temperature difference between day and night.

The rutting factor is used to evaluate the ability to resist permanent deformation at high temperatures. The curve of rutting factor with temperature was shown as Figure 4.

Figure 4 Relationship between G*/ sin δ and T
Figure 4

Relationship between G*/ sin δ and T

It could be concluded from Figure 4 that GORA had the best rutting resistance, followed by RA and SBSA. This is due to the fact that GORA’s denser and more stable microscopic internal structure increases its ability to resist external loads.

The phase angle reflects the ratio of the elastic component to the viscous component in the test samples. The curve of phase angle with temperature was shown as Figure 5.

Figure 5 Relationship between δ and T
Figure 5

Relationship between δ and T

From Figure 5, the phase angle of GORA did not change significantly with temperature, and was basically maintained at about 50,which indicated that the viscoelasticity of GORA has little effect on temperature. SBSA showed more flexibility. The phase angle of RA showed an increasing trend with temperature, which indicated that RA was more sensitive to temperature than the other two types of asphalt. This result also showed that GORA was more suitable for the climate with large temperature difference between day and night.

3.4 Results of MSCR

According to the strain collected by the test, Jnr and Jnrdiff (Jnr-dependent change rate of stress) under different stresses were calculated. The calculation method was as Table 4:

Table 4

The MSCR results of GORA

Asphalt typeTest value
Jnr−0.1kPaJnr−3.2kPaJnr−diff
Graphene

Oxiderubber

asphalt		0.040.090.52
Rubber asphalt0.050.160.69
SBS modified

asphalt		0.230.610.62
(1)Jnr=εr−ε0δ
(2)Jnr−diff=Jnr(3.2k Pa)−Jnr(0.1k Pa)Jnr(3.2kPa)

ε0 – Initial deformation; εr – Residual deformation after 9s recovery; δ – Shear stress

It could be seen from Table 4 that the Jnr−3.2 of GORA and RA at 64∘C was 0.15 times and 0.26 times of SBSA, and both were less than 0.5, which is a heavy load standard. The Jnr-diff of GORA was 0.17 and 0.10 smaller than RA and SBSA, respectively, which indicated that GORA was less sensitive to the increase of stress level than RA/SBSA. So, it indicated that GORA was more suitable for heavy traffic.

3.5 High temperature rutting test of mixture

The rutting test of AC-13 were carried out in the study. In order to reduce the test error, three parallel tests were carried out for each sample, and the average values were obtained. The Dynamic stability of AC-13 were shown in Table 5.

Table 5

Dynamic stability of GORA mixture

asphalt mixturedynamic stability /time mm−1average valueaverage value
123/time mm−1/time mm−1
GORA6825700370706966≧3000
RA3946422140204062≧2400
SBSA5305601458625727≧3000

The dynamic stability (DS) of the GORA mixture was significantly more improved than that of the other two mixture. The test result investigated that anti-rutting performance was GORA > SBSA > RA.

3.6 Low temperature trabecular test of mixture

The test on beam bending at low temperature was performed for AC-13, and the results were shown in Table 6.

Table 6

Low temperature cracking test of GORA mixture

Low temperatureAnti-bendingBending strain /μϵStiffness modulusStrain failure
bending teststrength/MPa/MParequirements/μϵ
AC-13-GR12.17490.81682.0≧ 2800
AC-13-RA9.63886.52470.9
AC-13-SBS8.74679.51880.2

3.7 Water stability test of mixture

The Marshall test was carried out to evaluate water stability. The results of the Marshall test on AC-13–GR , AC-13-RA and AC-13-SBS were presented in Table 7.

Table 7

Water stability test of GORA mixture

asphalt mixtureVoid ratio (%)Splitting strengthTSR(%)requirements
AC-13-GR7.20.8287.1/
AC-13-RA7.10.6981.1≧ 80
AC-13-SBS7.00.4782.2≧ 80

The experimental results indicate that the addition of GO could significantly improve the durability of asphalt mixture.

4 Conclusion

A rich oxygen-containing group is attached to the base surface and the edge of the GO structural unit. These oxygen-containing groups provide a large number of active sites for the functionalization of the surface of GO. Therefore, mixing GO with rubber powder and asphalt polymer can form a more dense and stable structure.

Through rheological tests, it is found that GORA has better high-temperature rutting resistance and lower temperature sensitivity than RA and SBSA, and is more suitable for heavy traffic and large temperature difference between day and night.

Through the rutting test, low temperature bending test and freeze-thaw splitting test of the asphalt mixture, it was found that the GORA mixture achieved good road performance.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Research and Development Center of Transport Industry of Technologies, Materials and Equipments of Highway Construction and Maintenance (Gansu Road & Bridge Construction Group) Open Fund (No. GLKF201814), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51868047, 51668041), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (31920180077).

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Received: 2019-05-16
Accepted: 2019-06-07
Published Online: 2019-11-12

© 2019 M. Lin et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  14. Mechanical characterizations of braided composite stents made of helical polyethylene terephthalate strips and NiTi wires
  15. Mechanical properties of boron nitride sheet with randomly distributed vacancy defects
  16. Fabrication, mechanical properties and failure mechanism of random and aligned nanofiber membrane with different parameters
  17. Micro- structure and rheological properties of graphene oxide rubber asphalt
  18. First-principles calculations of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of tungsten-based alloy
  19. Adsorption performance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic silica aerogel for low concentration organic pollutant in aqueous solution
  20. Preparation of spherical aminopropyl-functionalized MCM-41 and its application in removal of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution
  21. Electrical conductivity anisotropy of copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers
  22. Miniature on-fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric vibration sensors based on micro-cantilever beam
  23. Electric-field assisted growth and mechanical bactericidal performance of ZnO nanoarrays with gradient morphologies
  24. Flexural behavior and mechanical model of aluminum alloy mortise-and-tenon T-joints for electric vehicle
  25. Synthesis of nano zirconium oxide and its application in dentistry
  26. Surface modification of nano-sized carbon black for reinforcement of rubber
  27. Temperature-dependent negative Poisson’s ratio of monolayer graphene: Prediction from molecular dynamics simulations
  28. Finite element nonlinear transient modelling of carbon nanotubes reinforced fiber/polymer composite spherical shells with a cutout
  29. Preparation of low-permittivity K2O–B2O3–SiO2–Al2O3 composites without the addition of glass
  30. Large amplitude vibration of doubly curved FG-GRC laminated panels in thermal environments
  31. Enhanced flexural properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites by graphene oxide
  32. Correlation between electrochemical performance degradation and catalyst structural parameters on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
  33. Materials characterization of advanced fillers for composites engineering applications
  34. Humic acid assisted stabilization of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in cementitious composites
  35. Test on axial compression performance of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular column
  36. Multi-scale modeling of the lamellar unit of arterial media
  37. The multiscale enhancement of mechanical properties of 3D MWK composites via poly(oxypropylene) diamines and GO nanoparticles
  38. Mechanical properties of circular nano-silica concrete filled stainless steel tube stub columns after being exposed to freezing and thawing
  39. Arc erosion behavior of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles
  40. Yb3+-containing chitosan hydrogels induce B-16 melanoma cell anoikis via a Fak-dependent pathway
  41. Template-free synthesis of Se-nanorods-rGO nanocomposite for application in supercapacitors
  42. Effect of graphene oxide on chloride penetration resistance of recycled concrete
  43. Bending resistance of PVA fiber reinforced cementitious composites containing nano-SiO2
  44. Review Articles
  45. Recent development of Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Carbon Materials
  46. Mechanical contribution of vascular smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of artery
  47. Applications of polymer-based nanoparticles in vaccine field
  48. Toxicity of metallic nanoparticles in the central nervous system
  49. Parameter control and concentration analysis of graphene colloids prepared by electric spark discharge method
  50. A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook
  51. Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers and Au@AgNPs for antimicrobial activity - A mini review
  52. Recent progress in supercapacitors based on the advanced carbon electrodes
  53. Recent progress in shape memory polymer composites: methods, properties, applications and prospects
  54. In situ capabilities of Small Angle X-ray Scattering
  55. Review of nano-phase effects in high strength and conductivity copper alloys
  56. Progress and challenges in p-type oxide-based thin film transistors
  57. Advanced materials for flexible solar cell applications
  58. Phenylboronic acid-decorated polymeric nanomaterials for advanced bio-application
  59. The effect of nano-SiO2 on concrete properties: a review
  60. A brief review for fluorinated carbon: synthesis, properties and applications
  61. A review on the mechanical properties for thin film and block structure characterised by using nanoscratch test
  62. Cotton fibres functionalized with plasmonic nanoparticles to promote the destruction of harmful molecules: an overview
https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0021
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Graphene oxide rubber Asphalt; Microstructure; Rheological properties; Pavement performance
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Investigation of rare earth upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles in biomedical field
  3. Carbon Nanotubes Coated Paper as Current Collectors for Secondary Li-ion Batteries
  4. Insight into the working wavelength of hotspot effects generated by popular nanostructures
  5. Novel Lead-free biocompatible piezoelectric Hydroxyapatite (HA) – BCZT (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) nanocrystal composites for bone regeneration
  6. Effect of defects on the motion of carbon nanotube thermal actuator
  7. Dynamic mechanical behavior of nano-ZnO reinforced dental composite
  8. Fabrication of Ag Np-coated wetlace nonwoven fabric based on amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer
  9. Fractal analysis of pore structures in graphene oxide-carbon nanotube based cementitious pastes under different ultrasonication
  10. Effect of PVA fiber on durability of cementitious composite containing nano-SiO2
  11. Cr effects on the electrical contact properties of the Al2O3-Cu/15W composites
  12. Experimental evaluation of self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents
  13. Experimental study on the existence of nano-scale pores and the evolution of organic matter in organic-rich shale
  14. Mechanical characterizations of braided composite stents made of helical polyethylene terephthalate strips and NiTi wires
  15. Mechanical properties of boron nitride sheet with randomly distributed vacancy defects
  16. Fabrication, mechanical properties and failure mechanism of random and aligned nanofiber membrane with different parameters
  17. Micro- structure and rheological properties of graphene oxide rubber asphalt
  18. First-principles calculations of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of tungsten-based alloy
  19. Adsorption performance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic silica aerogel for low concentration organic pollutant in aqueous solution
  20. Preparation of spherical aminopropyl-functionalized MCM-41 and its application in removal of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution
  21. Electrical conductivity anisotropy of copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers
  22. Miniature on-fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric vibration sensors based on micro-cantilever beam
  23. Electric-field assisted growth and mechanical bactericidal performance of ZnO nanoarrays with gradient morphologies
  24. Flexural behavior and mechanical model of aluminum alloy mortise-and-tenon T-joints for electric vehicle
  25. Synthesis of nano zirconium oxide and its application in dentistry
  26. Surface modification of nano-sized carbon black for reinforcement of rubber
  27. Temperature-dependent negative Poisson’s ratio of monolayer graphene: Prediction from molecular dynamics simulations
  28. Finite element nonlinear transient modelling of carbon nanotubes reinforced fiber/polymer composite spherical shells with a cutout
  29. Preparation of low-permittivity K2O–B2O3–SiO2–Al2O3 composites without the addition of glass
  30. Large amplitude vibration of doubly curved FG-GRC laminated panels in thermal environments
  31. Enhanced flexural properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites by graphene oxide
  32. Correlation between electrochemical performance degradation and catalyst structural parameters on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
  33. Materials characterization of advanced fillers for composites engineering applications
  34. Humic acid assisted stabilization of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in cementitious composites
  35. Test on axial compression performance of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular column
  36. Multi-scale modeling of the lamellar unit of arterial media
  37. The multiscale enhancement of mechanical properties of 3D MWK composites via poly(oxypropylene) diamines and GO nanoparticles
  38. Mechanical properties of circular nano-silica concrete filled stainless steel tube stub columns after being exposed to freezing and thawing
  39. Arc erosion behavior of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles
  40. Yb3+-containing chitosan hydrogels induce B-16 melanoma cell anoikis via a Fak-dependent pathway
  41. Template-free synthesis of Se-nanorods-rGO nanocomposite for application in supercapacitors
  42. Effect of graphene oxide on chloride penetration resistance of recycled concrete
  43. Bending resistance of PVA fiber reinforced cementitious composites containing nano-SiO2
  44. Review Articles
  45. Recent development of Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Carbon Materials
  46. Mechanical contribution of vascular smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of artery
  47. Applications of polymer-based nanoparticles in vaccine field
  48. Toxicity of metallic nanoparticles in the central nervous system
  49. Parameter control and concentration analysis of graphene colloids prepared by electric spark discharge method
  50. A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook
  51. Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers and Au@AgNPs for antimicrobial activity - A mini review
  52. Recent progress in supercapacitors based on the advanced carbon electrodes
  53. Recent progress in shape memory polymer composites: methods, properties, applications and prospects
  54. In situ capabilities of Small Angle X-ray Scattering
  55. Review of nano-phase effects in high strength and conductivity copper alloys
  56. Progress and challenges in p-type oxide-based thin film transistors
  57. Advanced materials for flexible solar cell applications
  58. Phenylboronic acid-decorated polymeric nanomaterials for advanced bio-application
  59. The effect of nano-SiO2 on concrete properties: a review
  60. A brief review for fluorinated carbon: synthesis, properties and applications
  61. A review on the mechanical properties for thin film and block structure characterised by using nanoscratch test
  62. Cotton fibres functionalized with plasmonic nanoparticles to promote the destruction of harmful molecules: an overview
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