Startseite The crystal structure of diphenyalmine hydrochloride antimony trichloride co-crystallizate, C12H12Cl4NSb – Localization of hydrogen atoms
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The crystal structure of diphenyalmine hydrochloride antimony trichloride co-crystallizate, C12H12Cl4NSb – Localization of hydrogen atoms

  • Arthur Averdunk , Eric C. Hosten ORCID logo und Richard Betz ORCID logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 12. Februar 2021

Abstract

C12H12Cl4NSb, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.6693(2) Å, b = 20.2385(7) Å, c = 14.3908(5) Å, β = 100.3830(10)°, V = 1624.14(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0192, wRref(F2) = 0.0430, T = 200 K.

CCDC no.: 2050063

Table 1 contains crystallographic data and Table 2 contains the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal:Green block
Size:0.42 × 0.29 × 0.20 mm
Wavelength:Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ:2.34 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode:Bruker APEX-II, φ and ω
θmax, completeness:27.5°, >99%
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint:15,212, 3736, 0.021
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt:Iobs > 2 σ(Iobs), 3408
N(param)refined:172
Programs:Bruker [1], [2], SHELX [3], WinGX/ORTEP [4], Mercury [5], PLATON [6]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

AtomxyzUiso*/Ueq
Sb10.60254 (2)0.42241 (2)0.62212 (2)0.02581 (5)
Cl10.74776 (11)0.43708 (3)0.78814 (4)0.04689 (14)
Cl20.99203 (9)0.43626 (3)0.58696 (4)0.04769 (14)
Cl30.63053 (13)0.30517 (3)0.62539 (5)0.06115 (18)
Cl40.44458 (8)0.42553 (2)0.41040 (3)0.03228 (10)
N10.9128 (3)0.37738 (8)0.34111 (11)0.0274 (3)
H11.051 (4)0.3919 (11)0.3700 (16)0.036 (6)*
H20.799 (5)0.3967 (13)0.3597 (17)0.046 (7)*
C110.9006 (3)0.39522 (9)0.24101 (13)0.0299 (4)
C121.0647 (4)0.36771 (12)0.19288 (16)0.0472 (5)
H121.1821420.3373930.2228830.057*
C131.0538 (6)0.38548 (16)0.09964 (19)0.0637 (8)
H131.1650230.3671180.0647110.076*
C140.8837 (6)0.42948 (14)0.05679 (18)0.0664 (9)
H140.8783470.441546−0.0073590.080*
C150.7219 (6)0.45594 (14)0.10652 (18)0.0619 (7)
H150.6043240.4862210.0765520.074*
C160.7285 (5)0.43894 (11)0.19990 (16)0.0445 (5)
H160.6166920.4570880.2347050.053*
C210.8949 (3)0.30587 (9)0.35992 (14)0.0302 (4)
C220.7125 (5)0.27045 (12)0.3087 (2)0.0594 (7)
H220.5997870.2910550.2605930.071*
C230.6940 (6)0.20384 (14)0.3282 (2)0.0697 (8)
H230.5663670.1786120.2935530.084*
C240.8565 (6)0.17430 (12)0.3961 (2)0.0632 (8)
H240.8449600.1283590.4079920.076*
C251.0362 (6)0.21075 (14)0.4471 (3)0.0792 (10)
H251.1480170.1901880.4955460.095*
C261.0581 (5)0.27803 (12)0.4289 (2)0.0597 (7)
H261.1841330.3035330.4641080.072*

Source of material

The compound was obtained upon heating SbCl3 with diphenylamine in toluene. Crystals suitable for the diffraction study were obtained upon storage of the reaction solution at room temperature.

Experimental details

Carbon-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions (C–H 0.95 Å) and were included in the refinement in the riding model approximation, with U(H) set to 1.2Ueq(C).

Both nitrogen-bound H atoms were located on a difference Fourier map and refined freely.

Comment

Benzene is one of the most important synthons in chemistry. Via electrophilic substitution reactions a vast variety of functionalized derivatives is readily available. The interplay between activating and deactivating substituents as well as the competition and synergism between inductive and mesomeric effects allows for benzene’s seemingly endless functionalization. The later gives rise to a large toolbox of new synthons that can be applied for the production of dyes, medications, catalysts and ligands for novel coordination compounds. The functionalization by means of electrophilic substitution reactions – especially the introduction of hydrocarbonic side chains in the wake of the Friedel–Crafts alkylations and acylations as well as the Gattermann reaction – often requires the use of Lewis acid catalysts such as aluminium chloride to activate the substrate. However, a select number of reagents is able to perform the electrophilic attack on its own. Notable examples are derivatives of arsenic in the production of para-arsanilic acid by reacting arsonic acid with aniline [7] or the synthesis of phenarsazine chloride by reacting diphenylamine with arsenic trichloride [8]. In an attempt to see whether antimony trichloride would show the same ability to directly give rise to electrophilic substituion reactions on activated aromats, diphenylamine was reacted with SbCl3. A crystalline reaction product was obtained whose crystal structure analysis showed the presence of the title compound (systematic name: diphenylaminium tetrachloridoantimonate). Although the molecular and crystal structure of the latter have been reported earlier [9], the 3D data deposited with the Cambridge Structural Database (ref. code: PAMSBC10) is lacking the two interesting hydrogen atoms on the lighter pnicogen atom. The notes in the database for this set of data explicitly state that these two atoms had to be removed due to erroneous coordinates as they had been shifted towards the chlorine atoms. Furthermore, an incorrect angle is pointed out. And while the remainder of the atom coordinates and their discussion are fine, the absence of the correct position of the hydrogen atoms of the protonated amino group precludes follow up investigations based on the data available as of this moment. This study is intended to close this gap. Apart from the co-cristallizate of the hydrogenchloride of diphenylamine as well as the pnicogen trichloride the molecular and crystal structure of the purely molecular 1:1 [10] and 1:2 [11] adducts between antimonytrichloride and diphenylamine have also been reported in the literature. Furthermore, the crystal structure of one cationic rhodium coordination compound featuring SbCl4 as counterion is apparent [12].

The title compound contains the hydrochloride of diphenylamine. In addition, the solution shows the presence of one equivalent of antimony trichloride present in the crystal structure. The carbon–nitrogen bond lengths are at the lower end of the most-commonly reported ammonium cations that feature two benzene-derived aromatic systems bonded to an NH2 group [13]. The two phenyl rings are orientated almost perpendicular to one another with the least-squares planes as defined by their respective carbon atoms intersecting at an angle of 86.55(14)°. The antimony atom is directly bonded to three chlorine atoms with the pertaining Cl–Sb–Cl angles spanning a range of 91.85(2)°–95.39(2)°. However, the coordination number of this heavier pnicogen atom can best be described as [3 + 2 + 1] as there is a total of six chlorine atoms around the antimony atom whose Sb–Cl bond lengths can be placed in three different groups with the shortest range of 2.3692(5)–2.4010(5) Å for the covalently-bonded chlorine atoms. Two of the chloride counterions reside at 3.0175(5) and 3.1171(6) Å distance from the antimony atom while the longest Sb–Cl contact with a value of 3.4180(6) Å is established by the covalently-bonded chlorine atom with the shortest Sb–Cl distance in one of the neighbouring SbCl3 moieties. As a consequence, the coordination polyhedron around the antimony atom could be described as distorted octahedral.

In the crystal structure, classical hydrogen bonds of the N–H⃛Cl type are observed. These exclusively employ the chloride anion as acceptor and connect the cation and anion to infinite chains along the crystallographic a axis. In terms of graph-set analysis, the descriptor for these interactions on the unary level is DD [14], [15]. While π stacking is not a prominent feature in the crystal structure of the title compound – the shortest distance between two centers of gravity was measured at 5.4085(16) Å – a possible Cl⃛π interaction involving one of the chlorine atoms bonded covalently to the antimony atom could be discussed. However, the corresponding Sb–Cl–Cg angle would be rather acute at only 114.82(3)°.


Corresponding author: Dr. Richard Betz, Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus (South) University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa, E-mail:

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The corresponding author thanks the National Research Foundation for financial support.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2020-10-03
Accepted: 2020-12-14
Published Online: 2021-02-12
Published in Print: 2021-03-26

© 2020 Arthur Averdunk et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. New Crystal Structures
  3. The crystal structure of 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-diaminium dichloride, C6H10Cl2N2O
  4. The crystal structure of 3-chloropropylammonium chloride, C3H9Cl2N
  5. The crystal structure of 1-chloro-2-(dimethylamino)ethane hydrochloride, C4H11Cl2N
  6. Crystal structure of N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexanamide, C13H16F3NO
  7. Redetermination of the crystal structure of para-toluidine, C7H9
  8. The crystal structure of bis(1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-aminium) carbonate, C9H24N2O7
  9. The crystal structure of 4-chloro-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium chloride, C6H13Cl2N
  10. Crystal structure of (Z)-3-(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, C23H16BrNO
  11. The crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate, C20H21F2NO4
  12. Crystal structure of 6,6'‐((1E,1'E)‐(propane‐1,3‐diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3‐bromophenol), C34H32Br4N4O4
  13. The crystal structure of (E)-2-(2-((2-picolinoylhydrazono)methyl)phenoxy)acetic acid dihydrate, C15H17N3O6
  14. Crystal structure of (E)-4-bromo-N′-(3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide, C14H10BrClN2O2
  15. Crystal structure of N,N′-bis(4-bromosalicylidene) ethylene-1,2-diaminopropan, C34H32Br4N4O4
  16. Crystal structure of 4-bromo-N′-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide methanol solvate, C15H14Br2N2O3
  17. The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5
  18. The crystal structure of para-trifluoromethyl-aniline hemihydrate, C14H14F6N2O
  19. Redetermination of the crystal structure of 2-amino-2-methyl-propane-1,3-diole, C4H11NO2
  20. The crystal structure of methacholine chloride, C8H18ClNO2
  21. Crystal structure of 5,7,7-trimethyl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromen-1(3H)-one, C15H18O2
  22. Crystal structure of poly[diammine-bis(μ4-4-hydroxypyridine-3-sulfonato-κ5N:O, O′:O′′:O′′)(μ2-pyrazinyl-κ2N:N′)tetrasilver(I)], C7H8Ag2N3O4S
  23. Crystal structure of ethyl (E)-5-(((3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-3-oxospiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate — ethanol (1/1), C38H45N5O5
  24. Crystal structure of 4-bromo-N′-[(3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide, C14H7Br2N2O2
  25. Redetermination of the crystal structure of 3,3,3-triphenylpropanoic acid, C21H18O2 – Deposition of hydrogen atomic coordinates
  26. Structure redetermination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate, C18H28BrNO2 – localization of hydrogen atoms
  27. Crystal structure of tris(azido-κ1N)-(N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine-κ3N,N′,N′′)cobalt(III), C7H19CoN12
  28. Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(1H-indazole-6-carboxylate-κN)cadmium (II), C16H18CdN4O8
  29. Crystal structure of dichloride-bis(1-propylimidazole-κ1N)zinc(II), C12H20Cl2N4Zn
  30. Crystal structure of (E)-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, C19H22O8
  31. Crystal structure of 3,3′-(1,2-phenylene-bis(methylene))bis(1-vinyl- 1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoro phosphate)(V), C18H20F12N4P2
  32. Crystal structure of diaqua[bis(benzimidazol-2-yl-methyl)amine-κ3N,N′,N″]-phthalato-κ1O-nickel(II)-methanol (1/2), C26H31N5NiO8
  33. Crystal structure of 6,7-difluoro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, C10H5F5N2O
  34. Crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(1-hexyl-1H-benzotriazole-k1N)zinc(II), C24H34N6Cl2Zn
  35. The crystal structre of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine, C16H12BBrN2
  36. Crystal structure of diethyl 3,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-6,12-diphenyl-3,9-diazapentacyclo[6.4.0.02,7.04,11]dodecane-1,5-dicarboxylate, C40H36F2N2O4
  37. Crystal structure of (E)-7-methoxy-2-((5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methylene)-3,4- dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C18H17NO3
  38. Crystal structure of (E)-2-chloro-6-(((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(oxidomethyl)propan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenolate-κ3N,O,O’)manganese(IV), C22H24Cl2MnN2O8
  39. The crystal structure of α-(meta-methoxyphenoxy)-ortho-tolylic acid, C15H14O4
  40. The crystal structure of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N,N-diethylammonium chloride, C6H15Cl2N
  41. The crystal structure of tris(2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-5-ium) trihydrodecavanadate(V), C27H54N6O28V10
  42. Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(octyl)benzimidazolium perchlorate C23H39ClN2O4
  43. Crystal structure of tetrakis[(Z)-(2-(1-(furan-2-yl)-2-methylpropylidene)-1-phenylhydrazin-1-ido-κ2N,N′)] zirconium(IV), C56H60N8O4Zr
  44. The crystal structure of 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-4-phenyl-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-1,3,5-triazine, C22H15N3O2
  45. The crystal structure of trimethylsulfonium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanide, C7H9F9O6S4
  46. Crystal structure of 4-bromo-N′-[3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide methanol solvate, C15H13BrCl2N2O3
  47. The crystal structure of 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazole, C24H16Br2FN3S
  48. The crystal structure of N-(adamantan-1-yl)-piperidine-1-carbothioamide, C16H26N2S
  49. The crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-dimethylformamide (1/1) C22H10Br4N4O3S
  50. The crystal structure of benzeneseleninic acid anhydride, C12H10O3Se2
  51. The crystal structure of diphenyalmine hydrochloride antimony trichloride co-crystallizate, C12H12Cl4NSb – Localization of hydrogen atoms
  52. The crystal structure of para-nitrobenzylbromide, C7H6BrNO2 – A second polymorph and correction of 3D coordinates
  53. Crystal structure of catena-poly[(5H-pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dipyridine-κ2N,N′)-(μ4-hexaoxidodivanadato)dizinc(II)],C10H9N3O6V2Zn
  54. Crystal structure of N,N′-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(pyridine-2-aldimine)-κ5N,N′,N′′,N′′′,O]-tris(nitrato-κ2O,O′) cerium(III), C15H16CeN7O10
  55. Synthesis and crystal structure of oktakis(dimethylsulphoxide-κ1O)gadolinium(III) [tetrabromido-μ2-bromido-μ2-sulfido-di-μ3-sulfido-μ4-sulfido-tetracopper(I)-tungsten(VI)], C16H48O8S12Br5Cu4GdW
  56. Crystal structure of {tris((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)amine-κ4N,N′,N′′,N′′′}-(succinato-κ2O,O′)nickel(II) – methanol (1/4), C32H41N7NiO8
  57. Crystal structure of catena-poly[trans-tetraaqua(μ2-1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol)-k2N:N′)cobalt(II)] dinitrate – 1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol) – water (1/3/2), C72H68CoN18O12
  58. Crystal structure of bis(μ2-2-oxido-2-phenylacetate-κ3O:O,O′)-bis(1-isopropoxy-2-oxo-2-phenylethan-1-olato-κ2O,O′)-bis(propan-2-olato-κ1O)dititanium(IV), C44H52O14Ti2
  59. The crystal structure of 5-carboxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-4-carboxylate, C6H8N2O6
  60. The crystal structure of 2,6-dibromo-4-fluoroaniline, C6H4Br2FN
  61. The crystal structure of 4-chloro-N-(2-phenoxyphenyl)benzamide, C19H14ClNO2
  62. The crystal structure of 2-methyl-β-naphthothiazole, C12H9NS
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