Abstract
This study employs a quantitative analytical descriptive approach to explore the attitudes of two Jordanian communities toward code-switching (CS). The first community lives in the United States (a migrant community), while the second community resides in Jordan (a native community). Data were collected using an online questionnaire and the attitudes of these two communities were compared with respect to their sense of identity, religion, communication efficiency, and audience design. The study also examines the influence of self-perceived language proficiency, the direction of CS, and gender on the positivity or negativity of individuals’ attitudes toward CS. The study pays particular attention to the use of CS as a polite or impolite behavior in different contexts. The findings of this study indicate that both groups have relatively similar attitudes toward CS in terms of communication efficiency, topic, audience design, and politeness. However, the migrant community has an overall more positive attitude toward CS in terms of religion and sense of identity, particularly when language proficiency is taken into account.
References
Abalhassan, Khalid M. & Hamdan G. Alshalawi. 2000. Code-switching behavior of Arab speakers of English as a second language in the United States. Intercultural Communication Studies 10(1). 179–188.Suche in Google Scholar
Al-Hourani, Alaa & Tun Nur Afizah. 2013. Code switching in daily conversation. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 1(1). 40–43.Suche in Google Scholar
Al-Khatib, Mahmoud & Enaq H. Sabbah. 2008. Language choice in mobile text messages among Jordanian university students. SKY Journal of Linguistics 21(1). 37–65.Suche in Google Scholar
Al-Saidat, Emad. 2009. English in Jordan: Attitudes and prestige. Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 35(2). 155–167.Suche in Google Scholar
Alsalami, Ahmed Ibrahim. 2021. Arabic English code switching among Saudi speakers. Arab World English Journal 12(4). 118–131. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no4.8.Suche in Google Scholar
Asali, Sawsan & Riyad Hussein. 2011. Attitudes of Arab American speakers in the USA towards English-Arabic code switching. Amman: Middle East University.Suche in Google Scholar
Bassam, Loubna. 2017. Gender differences in SMS code-switching by Lebanese undergraduates. Tarragona, Spain: Universitat Rovira i Virgili doctoral thesis.Suche in Google Scholar
Brdarević-Čeljo, Amna, Emnijeta Ahmetović & Enisa Bajić. 2021. Variation in attitudes towards codeswitching and codeswitching frequency among multilingual speakers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1983580.Suche in Google Scholar
El Bolock, Alia, Injy Khairy, Yomna Abdelrahman, Thang Vu Ngoc, Cornelia Herbert & Abdennadher Slim. 2020. Who, when and why: The 3 Ws of code-switching. In Fernando de la Prieta, Philippe Mathieu, Jaime Andrés Rincón Arango, Alia El Bolock, Elena del Val, Jaume Jordán Prunera, João Carneiro, Rubén Fuentes, Fernando Lopes & Vicente Julian (eds.), Highlights in practical applications of agents, multi-agent systems, and trust-worthiness: The PAAMS collection, 83–94. Cham: Springer.Suche in Google Scholar
Gall, Meredith, Joyce Gall & Walter Borg. 2007. Educational research: An introduction, 8th edn. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Suche in Google Scholar
Gardner-Chloros, Penelope. 2009. Sociolinguistic factors in code-switching. In Barbara Bullock & Almeida Jacqueline Toribio (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of code-switching, 97–113. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511576331.007Suche in Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Gross, Megan, Ada López González, Maria Girardin & Adriana Almeida. 2022. Code-switching by Spanish–English bilingual children in a code-switching conversation sample: Roles of language proficiency, interlocutor behavior, and parent-reported code-switching experience. Languages 7(4). 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040246.Suche in Google Scholar
Gumperz, John. 1977. The sociolinguistic significance of conversational code-switching. RELC Journal 8(2). 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368827700800201.Suche in Google Scholar
Gumperz, John. 1982. Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511611834Suche in Google Scholar
Hamdan, Jihad & Wafa Abu Catab. 2009. English in the Jordanian context. World Englishes 28(3). 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01599.x.Suche in Google Scholar
Hassen, Rukya. 2016. Language as an index of identity, power, solidarity and sentiment in the multicultural community of Wollo. Journal of Socialomics 5(3). 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0358.1000174.Suche in Google Scholar
Heller, Monica (ed.). 2010. Codeswitching: Anthropological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Suche in Google Scholar
Hussein, Riyad F. 1999. Code-alteration among Arab college students. World Englishes 18(2). 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971x.00141.Suche in Google Scholar
Imanova, Ulvia. 2017. Reasons for and attitudes towards code-switching: A case study. Famagusta, North Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean University MA thesis Available at: http://i-rep.emu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11129/4355/imanovaulvia.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 12 October 2023).Suche in Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1973. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1992. Comparing codeswitching and borrowing. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development 13(1–2). 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1992.9994481.Suche in Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1995. Social motivations for codeswitching: Evidence from Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Nilep, Chad. 2006. “Code switching” in sociocultural linguistics. Colorado Research in Linguistics 19. 1–22.Suche in Google Scholar
Şahin, Feyzullah. 2013. The scale for rating the behavioral characteristics of gifted and talented students: Study of factor structure, reliability and validity. Journal of Educational Sciences 38. 119–138.Suche in Google Scholar
Sardar, Saka Sally, Ahmad Ali Mahdi Alsamrayee & Yasin Mohamad Subakir Mohd. 2015. Code-switching in daily conversations among Iraqi students in Malaysia. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) 6(3). 309–319. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol6no3.20.Suche in Google Scholar
Shah, Mujahid, Ali Furqan & Khalid Mehmood Zaman. 2019. A sociolinguistic investigation of the code switching practices of students outside classroom in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Review of Economics and Development Studies 5(3). 497–504. https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i3.709.Suche in Google Scholar
Sianipar, Herbert Mouren & Sondang Manik. 2018. Code mixing and code switching as found in situation of politeness in banking services. Episteme 4(2). 1–23.Suche in Google Scholar
Stell, Gerald & Kofi Yakpo. 2015. Code-switching between structural and sociolinguistic perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110346879Suche in Google Scholar
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2010. An introduction to sociolinguistics. Singapore: Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Yi, Irene. 2022. Sociolinguistic factors of Mandarin-English codeswitching: Language attitudes, age, and other factors used for computational modeling. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 28(2). 170–179.Suche in Google Scholar
Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2023-0009).
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial 2024
- Phonetics & Phonology
- The role of recoverability in the implementation of non-phonemic glottalization in Hawaiian
- Epenthetic vowel quality crosslinguistically, with focus on Modern Hebrew
- Japanese speakers can infer specific sub-lexicons using phonotactic cues
- Articulatory phonetics in the market: combining public engagement with ultrasound data collection
- Investigating the acoustic fidelity of vowels across remote recording methods
- The role of coarticulatory tonal information in Cantonese spoken word recognition: an eye-tracking study
- Tracking phonological regularities: exploring the influence of learning mode and regularity locus in adult phonological learning
- Morphology & Syntax
- #AreHashtagsWords? Structure, position, and syntactic integration of hashtags in (English) tweets
- The meaning of morphomes: distributional semantics of Spanish stem alternations
- A refinement of the analysis of the resultative V-de construction in Mandarin Chinese
- L2 cognitive construal and morphosyntactic acquisition of pseudo-passive constructions
- Semantics & Pragmatics
- “All women are like that”: an overview of linguistic deindividualization and dehumanization of women in the incelosphere
- Counterfactual language, emotion, and perspective: a sentence completion study during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Constructing elderly patients’ agency through conversational storytelling
- Language Documentation & Typology
- Conative animal calls in Macha Oromo: function and form
- The syntax of African American English borrowings in the Louisiana Creole tense-mood-aspect system
- Syntactic pausing? Re-examining the associations
- Bibliographic bias and information-density sampling
- Historical & Comparative Linguistics
- Revisiting the hypothesis of ideophones as windows to language evolution
- Verifying the morpho-semantics of aspect via typological homogeneity
- Psycholinguistics & Neurolinguistics
- Sign recognition: the effect of parameters and features in sign mispronunciations
- Influence of translation on perceived metaphor features: quality, aptness, metaphoricity, and familiarity
- Effects of grammatical gender on gender inferences: Evidence from French hybrid nouns
- Processing reflexives in adjunct control: an exploration of attraction effects
- Language Acquisition & Language Learning
- How do L1 glosses affect EFL learners’ reading comprehension performance? An eye-tracking study
- Modeling L2 motivation change and its predictive effects on learning behaviors in the extramural digital context: a quantitative investigation in China
- Ongoing exposure to an ambient language continues to build implicit knowledge across the lifespan
- On the relationship between complexity of primary occupation and L2 varietal behavior in adult migrants in Austria
- The acquisition of speaking fundamental frequency (F0) features in Cantonese and English by simultaneous bilingual children
- Sociolinguistics & Anthropological Linguistics
- A computational approach to detecting the envelope of variation
- Attitudes toward code-switching among bilingual Jordanians: a comparative study
- “Let’s ride this out together”: unpacking multilingual top-down and bottom-up pandemic communication evidenced in Singapore’s coronavirus-related linguistic and semiotic landscape
- Across time, space, and genres: measuring probabilistic grammar distances between varieties of Mandarin
- Navigating linguistic ideologies and market dynamics within China’s English language teaching landscape
- Streetscapes and memories of real socialist anti-fascism in south-eastern Europe: between dystopianism and utopianism
- What can NLP do for linguistics? Towards using grammatical error analysis to document non-standard English features
- From sociolinguistic perception to strategic action in the study of social meaning
- Minority genders in quantitative survey research: a data-driven approach to clear, inclusive, and accurate gender questions
- Variation is the way to perfection: imperfect rhyming in Chinese hip hop
- Shifts in digital media usage before and after the pandemic by Rusyns in Ukraine
- Computational & Corpus Linguistics
- Revisiting the automatic prediction of lexical errors in Mandarin
- Finding continuers in Swedish Sign Language
- Conversational priming in repetitional responses as a mechanism in language change: evidence from agent-based modelling
- Construction grammar and procedural semantics for human-interpretable grounded language processing
- Through the compression glass: language complexity and the linguistic structure of compressed strings
- Could this be next for corpus linguistics? Methods of semi-automatic data annotation with contextualized word embeddings
- The Red Hen Audio Tagger
- Code-switching in computer-mediated communication by Gen Z Japanese Americans
- Supervised prediction of production patterns using machine learning algorithms
- Introducing Bed Word: a new automated speech recognition tool for sociolinguistic interview transcription
- Decoding French equivalents of the English present perfect: evidence from parallel corpora of parliamentary documents
- Enhancing automated essay scoring with GCNs and multi-level features for robust multidimensional assessments
- Sociolinguistic auto-coding has fairness problems too: measuring and mitigating bias
- The role of syntax in hashtag popularity
- Language practices of Chinese doctoral students studying abroad on social media: a translanguaging perspective
- Cognitive Linguistics
- Metaphor and gender: are words associated with source domains perceived in a gendered way?
- Crossmodal correspondence between lexical tones and visual motions: a forced-choice mapping task on Mandarin Chinese
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial 2024
- Phonetics & Phonology
- The role of recoverability in the implementation of non-phonemic glottalization in Hawaiian
- Epenthetic vowel quality crosslinguistically, with focus on Modern Hebrew
- Japanese speakers can infer specific sub-lexicons using phonotactic cues
- Articulatory phonetics in the market: combining public engagement with ultrasound data collection
- Investigating the acoustic fidelity of vowels across remote recording methods
- The role of coarticulatory tonal information in Cantonese spoken word recognition: an eye-tracking study
- Tracking phonological regularities: exploring the influence of learning mode and regularity locus in adult phonological learning
- Morphology & Syntax
- #AreHashtagsWords? Structure, position, and syntactic integration of hashtags in (English) tweets
- The meaning of morphomes: distributional semantics of Spanish stem alternations
- A refinement of the analysis of the resultative V-de construction in Mandarin Chinese
- L2 cognitive construal and morphosyntactic acquisition of pseudo-passive constructions
- Semantics & Pragmatics
- “All women are like that”: an overview of linguistic deindividualization and dehumanization of women in the incelosphere
- Counterfactual language, emotion, and perspective: a sentence completion study during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Constructing elderly patients’ agency through conversational storytelling
- Language Documentation & Typology
- Conative animal calls in Macha Oromo: function and form
- The syntax of African American English borrowings in the Louisiana Creole tense-mood-aspect system
- Syntactic pausing? Re-examining the associations
- Bibliographic bias and information-density sampling
- Historical & Comparative Linguistics
- Revisiting the hypothesis of ideophones as windows to language evolution
- Verifying the morpho-semantics of aspect via typological homogeneity
- Psycholinguistics & Neurolinguistics
- Sign recognition: the effect of parameters and features in sign mispronunciations
- Influence of translation on perceived metaphor features: quality, aptness, metaphoricity, and familiarity
- Effects of grammatical gender on gender inferences: Evidence from French hybrid nouns
- Processing reflexives in adjunct control: an exploration of attraction effects
- Language Acquisition & Language Learning
- How do L1 glosses affect EFL learners’ reading comprehension performance? An eye-tracking study
- Modeling L2 motivation change and its predictive effects on learning behaviors in the extramural digital context: a quantitative investigation in China
- Ongoing exposure to an ambient language continues to build implicit knowledge across the lifespan
- On the relationship between complexity of primary occupation and L2 varietal behavior in adult migrants in Austria
- The acquisition of speaking fundamental frequency (F0) features in Cantonese and English by simultaneous bilingual children
- Sociolinguistics & Anthropological Linguistics
- A computational approach to detecting the envelope of variation
- Attitudes toward code-switching among bilingual Jordanians: a comparative study
- “Let’s ride this out together”: unpacking multilingual top-down and bottom-up pandemic communication evidenced in Singapore’s coronavirus-related linguistic and semiotic landscape
- Across time, space, and genres: measuring probabilistic grammar distances between varieties of Mandarin
- Navigating linguistic ideologies and market dynamics within China’s English language teaching landscape
- Streetscapes and memories of real socialist anti-fascism in south-eastern Europe: between dystopianism and utopianism
- What can NLP do for linguistics? Towards using grammatical error analysis to document non-standard English features
- From sociolinguistic perception to strategic action in the study of social meaning
- Minority genders in quantitative survey research: a data-driven approach to clear, inclusive, and accurate gender questions
- Variation is the way to perfection: imperfect rhyming in Chinese hip hop
- Shifts in digital media usage before and after the pandemic by Rusyns in Ukraine
- Computational & Corpus Linguistics
- Revisiting the automatic prediction of lexical errors in Mandarin
- Finding continuers in Swedish Sign Language
- Conversational priming in repetitional responses as a mechanism in language change: evidence from agent-based modelling
- Construction grammar and procedural semantics for human-interpretable grounded language processing
- Through the compression glass: language complexity and the linguistic structure of compressed strings
- Could this be next for corpus linguistics? Methods of semi-automatic data annotation with contextualized word embeddings
- The Red Hen Audio Tagger
- Code-switching in computer-mediated communication by Gen Z Japanese Americans
- Supervised prediction of production patterns using machine learning algorithms
- Introducing Bed Word: a new automated speech recognition tool for sociolinguistic interview transcription
- Decoding French equivalents of the English present perfect: evidence from parallel corpora of parliamentary documents
- Enhancing automated essay scoring with GCNs and multi-level features for robust multidimensional assessments
- Sociolinguistic auto-coding has fairness problems too: measuring and mitigating bias
- The role of syntax in hashtag popularity
- Language practices of Chinese doctoral students studying abroad on social media: a translanguaging perspective
- Cognitive Linguistics
- Metaphor and gender: are words associated with source domains perceived in a gendered way?
- Crossmodal correspondence between lexical tones and visual motions: a forced-choice mapping task on Mandarin Chinese