Home The structure of RUB-1, (C8H16N)6[B6Si48O108], a boron containing levyne-type zeolite, occluding N-methyl-quinuclidinium in the cage-like pores
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The structure of RUB-1, (C8H16N)6[B6Si48O108], a boron containing levyne-type zeolite, occluding N-methyl-quinuclidinium in the cage-like pores

  • Antje Gruenewald-Lueke , Isabel Grosskreuz ORCID logo , Hermann Gies and Bernd Marler ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 17, 2023

Abstract

C48H96B6N6O108Si48, trigonal, R 3 m (no. 166), a = 12.8892(1) Å, c = 22.3058(2) Å, V = 3209.23(4) Å3, Z = 1, density = 2.02(2) g·cm−3, R(F) = 0.038, Chi2 = 2.86, T = 293 K.

CCDC no.: 2279125

Tables 1 and 2 contain details of the measurement method, a list of atomic coordinates, occupancy factors and displacement parameters, respectively.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal: Colorless powder
Size: 0.07 × 0.07 × 0.07 mm
Wavelength: Cu Kα radiation (1.54059 Å)
μ: 5.6 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode: Siemens D5000, Debye-Scherrer Geometry
2Θ range: 8.04–97.98°
N(hkl)measured: 466
N(param)refined: 26
Programs: Fullprof 2K [1], VESTA [2]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

Atom x y z Uiso*/Ueq
O1 0.0989 (2) 0.1979 (2) 0.07645 (12) 0.02533*
O2 0.02965 (14) 0.34557 (14) 0.10906 (9) 0.02533*
O3 0.87261 (10) 0.12739 (10) 0.08552 (16) 0.02533*
O4 0.00000 0.27216 (17) 0.00000 0.02533*
O5 0.11425 (10) 0.88575 (10) 0.49110 (17) 0.02533*
Si1a 0.00064 (10) 0.23534 (11) 0.06741 (4) 0.01267*
B1b 0.00064 (10) 0.23534 (11) 0.06741 (4) 0.01267*
Si2c 0.24315 (12) 0.00000 0.50000 0.01267*
B2d 0.24315 (12) 0.00000 0.50000 0.01267*
C1 0.00000 0.00000 0.3685 (5) 0.267 (3)*
C2 0.0636 (4) 0.1271 (4) 0.3393 (2) 0.267 (3)*
C3 0.0650 (3) 0.1300 (3) 0.2670 (2) 0.267 (3)*
N4 0.00000 0.00000 0.2531 (4) 0.441 (6)*
C5 0.00000 0.00000 0.1904 (4) 0.441 (6)*
  1. aOccupancy: 0.887(3), bOccupancy: 0.113(3), cOcupancy: 0.922(4), dOccupancy: 0.078(4).

1 Source of material

The crystals used in this study are taken from the original material as described in publication [3]. The crystals had been synthesized hydrothermally in sealed silica glass tubes at 453 K from a reaction mixture of tetramethoxysilane, boric acid, N-methyl-quinuclidinium hydroxide and water. The crystals were carefully separated from an impurity (SGT-type zeolite).

2 Experimental details

The Siemens D5000 diffractometer used for collecting the powder diffraction data was equipped with a Braun linear position-sensitive detector (2theta coverage = 6°) and a curved germanium (111) primary monochromator. The sample was sealed in a glass capillary (0.3 mm in diameter) to avoid a preferred orientation of the crystals. No absorption correction was necessary. Soft distance restraints were used for d(Si–O) = 1.58(1) Å, d(Si⋯Si) = 3.05(4) Å, d(O⋯O) = 2.59(3) Å, d(C–C) = 1.54(1) Å, d(C–N) = 1.48(1) Å, d(N⋯C, next-next neighbour) = 2.45(4) Å and d(C⋯C, next-next neighbour) = 2.50(4) Å. Isotropic displacement parameters B(iso) of the framework atoms were fixed at crystal chemically meaningful values to allow for a reliable refinement of the occupancy factors of Si and B. Isotropic displacement parameters of C and N atoms were refined. The scattering power of the hydrogen atoms which could not be located was included in the refinement by increasing the occupancy factor of the carbon atoms accordingly. This technique was used since the highly diffuse electron density at the position of the carbon atoms includes also the electrons of the hydrogen atoms.

3 Comment

Zeolite levyne, known as a mineral in its Ca dominated form with formula (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12]*6H2O since 1824 [4], has a microporous aluminiumsilicate framework with tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Si atoms. The first synthetic levyne has been reported in 1969 [5]. In 1959, the general structure of levyne was solved from a twinned single crystal [6] and later (1975) analyzed in detail by Merlino et al. [7]. Although Levyne-type zeolites are usually aluminiumsilicates, they can be synthesized with different framework compositions: in an all-silica form, as aluminophosphates, silico-aluminophosphates and metal-aluminophosphates and also as borosilicates. All these forms are typically synthesized with organic molecules or organic cations such as chinuclidine or aminoadamantane. The microporous framework of levyne consists of two polyhedral units, the small double-six-ring which is empty and the large [49 65 83]-cage which contains either an organic molecule/cation or inorganic cations and water (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: 
Characteristic section of the structure of the title compound. Oxygen atoms are omitted for clarity.
Figure 1:

Characteristic section of the structure of the title compound. Oxygen atoms are omitted for clarity.

Boron containing levyne (B-levyne) has been described rarely. Three papers present the synthesis and characterization of the materials [3, 8, 9]. Only two structure analyses have been published: A detailed study on quinuclidine containing B-levyne at different temperatures [10] and a conference abstract describing briefly the structures of two B-levyne materials containing quinuclidinium and N-methyl-quinuclidinium, respectively; however, without reporting details or atomic coordinates, occupancies and displacement parameters [11]. To perform this study, the original material as described in Ref. [3] was used. The 11B MAS NMR spectrum showed two sharp and symmetric signals with chemical shifts of −3.60 and −4.55 ppm. This indicates that boron is exclusively tetrahedrally coordinated, replacing silicon atoms at T-positions of the silicate framework [3].

The Rietveld refinement of the title compound gave T–O distances of 1.577–1.589 Å. These values deviate from those of aluminium containing levyne (T–O distances in the range of 1.65–1.66 Å, [7]) because of the smaller boron atoms. The refinement of occupancy factors led to 5.4 boron atoms per unit cell. To compensate the charge of the six organic cations, six boron atoms at T sites are necessary. Since background correction and displacement parameters have an impact on the occupancy factors, it is assumed that, in fact, six boron atoms are present per unit cell. The boron atoms nearly randomly replace silicon to a small extend at T sites (11 % at T1 and 8 % at T2). This leads to a virtually even distribution of ≤6 negative charges about the 108 framework oxygen atoms. Table 2 lists atomic coordinates, occupancy factors and displacement parameters.

A difference Fourier map calculated by using only the framework atoms (Si, B, O) showed a remaining positive electron density clearly resembling the geometry of the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation (see Figure 2). The [49 65 83]-cages are fully occupied by methyl-quinuclidinium cations. The distribution of electron density proved that the cation adopts only one particular orientation in the cage. This is in contrast to the boron-levyne occluding quinuclidine. Here, the quinuclidine occupies the cage in at least two different orientations [10]. Short distances between the carbon atom of the methyl group and the oxygen atoms of the framework (3.37 Å) show that the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation fits just tightly into the cage. The c0 lattice parameter of B-levyne occluding the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation is considerably larger (22.3058(2) Å, this study) than the c0 parameter of the B-levyne occluding the smaller quinuclidine molecule (21.9173(4) Å, [10]) showing some flexibility of the levyne cage. In contrast, the diameter of the N-methyl-quinuclidinium containing cage perpendicular to the c-axis is slightly smaller (a0 = 12.8892(1) Å) than the quinuclidine containing cage (a= 12.9475(2) Å [10]). While high displacement parameters of the carbon atoms (see Table 1) indicated some motional freedom of the cation, the N-methyl-quinuclidinium does not rotate freely about the 3-fold axis at room temperature – as one might expect. This is due to the weak interactions between the large cation carrying only one positive charge and the cage wall, which is only weakly negatively charged. Although there are two possible orientations of the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation in a particular cage with respect to the c-axis (up and down), only one orientation is observed.

Figure 2: 
Difference Fourier map showing a remaining positive electron density (yellow) that clearly resembles the geometry of the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation.
Figure 2:

Difference Fourier map showing a remaining positive electron density (yellow) that clearly resembles the geometry of the N-methyl-quinuclidinium cation.


Corresponding author: Bernd Marler, Institute of Geology, Mineralogy und Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, E-mail:

Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Award Identifier / Grant number: MA 6641/3-1

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft with grant number MA 6641/3-1.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

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Received: 2023-06-13
Accepted: 2023-07-04
Published Online: 2023-07-17
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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