Startseite Response of potato tuber as an effect of the N-fertilizer and paclobutrazol application in medium altitude
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Response of potato tuber as an effect of the N-fertilizer and paclobutrazol application in medium altitude

  • Syariful Mubarok EMAIL logo , Anne Nuraini , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Nursuhud Suwali und Jajang Sauman Hamdani
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. November 2024
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Open Agriculture
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Agriculture Band 9 Heft 1

Abstract

Development of G0 potato seeds in medium altitude with high temperatures has been constrained high temperatures, which inhibited plant growth and development, especially for tuber formation. The production of G0 potato seeds in the high-temperature area can be increased by the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and paclobutrazol (PBZ). The study aimed to identify the effect of different doses of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on the plant growth and yield of first-generation potato seeds (G0) in medium land. The Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors was used in this experiment. The first factor was the dose of N-fertilizer (n 1 = 60, n 2 = 120, and n 3 = 180 kg/ha) and the second factor was the frequency of PBZ application (p 1 = 1, p 2 = 2, and p 3 = 3 times), applied starting at 40 DAP and repeated every 10 days with a concentration of 100 ppm. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on plant dry weight. The 120 kg/ha of N-fertilizer-treated plants exhibited the highest plant height and the number of stolons per plant, whereas three times PBZ application treated plant exhibited the higher tuber growth rate, the number, and weight of tuber per plant with the value of number and weight of tuber per plant of 9.26 and 83.97 g, respectively. It can be concluded that N-fertilizer increased plant growth, whereas PBZ increased G0 potato seeds in the medium land altitude with high temperature.

Keywords: G0 potato seed; plant growth; production; yield

1 Introduction

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important vegetable crops in Indonesia. For increasing potato productivity and quality, the potato seed quality is an important factor that must be considered. In Indonesia, for an area of 72,000 ha, approximately 108 thousand tons of potato seeds are needed, while the availability of nationally certified potato seeds only reaches 15% of the total domestic potato seed needs [1]. In tropical countries such as Indonesia, potato seed production centers are in the highlands due to low temperatures.

However, it will be affected by negative environmental effects such as erosion and decreased soil productivity [2]. To increase potato seed production, cultivation in the medium-altitude area with a range of 400–700 m above sea level [3] is an alternative to increase potato seed production.

High temperature in the medium land inhibits tuber formation and decreases plant productivity [4]. To increase potato productivity, several strategies were followed such as the use of fertilizer and hormonal application. Despite various strategies to increase potato productivity, there is limited research on optimizing N-fertilizer levels in combination with paclobutrazol (PBZ) application under high-temperature conditions. N-fertilizer is the most needed mineral in cropping systems that plays an important role in the growth, yield, and quality of various crops [5,6,7]. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for crop production for leaf area expansion and chlorophyll biosynthesis [8,9]. Biemond and Vos [10] stated that increasing N-fertilizer application enhanced the partitioning of assimilates to the shoots. The high doses of N-fertilizer could result in the inhibition of tuber formation [11]. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the optimum N-fertilizer that can affect the tuberization at medium altitude. However, fertilization management of nitrogen is very important, as the application and uptake of reduced forms of nitrogen such as urea, ammonium, and amino acids could improve water use efficiency of plants [12,13].

Inhibition in tuber formation is also influenced by the high temperature [14]. High temperature triggers the gibberellic acid or gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis that affects the tuber formation [15,16,17]. Therefore, to improve tuber formation, GA activity must be inhibited. PBZ is a GA inhibitor that is effective in inhibiting GA biosynthesis to suppress the growth and assimilate translocations of potato plants at the top and further increase the translocation of assimilating to the potato’s tuber [18]. The application of PBZ affects the decrease in plant height and leaf area index, and increase in chlorophyll content, net assimilation rate, wet weight of tuber, dry weight of tuber, yield per ha, and percentage of tuber grade quality [19,20,21,22,23]. Appropriate timing of PBZ application effectively inhibits the synthesis of GA that can focus on the initiation, formation, and enlargement of the tuber. The application of PBZ with different frequencies causes the effectiveness of the work of PBZ on different plants as well [24,25,26].

Potato plants have several growth phases. The application of PBZ was effectively carried out at the beginning of the tuber formation compared to being given at the end of the tuber formation. At the beginning of the formation of the tuber, assimilation is more directed to the tuber so that the resulting tuber is maximum [22]. Thus, this experiment aimed to obtain the most effective dose of N-fertilizer and the best frequency of PBZ on the growth and yield of G0 potato seeds at medium altitude.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Plant preparation and experimental design

The potato seeds (G0 potato) from PT. Horti Agro Makro were grown at the Screen House, Ciparanje Jatinangor Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat at an altitude of ±752 m above sea level, with longitude and latitude of 6.9203°S and 107.7727°E, respectively. This cultivation was conducted from March to June 2023 with an average temperature and humidity of 27 ± 4°C and 85 ± 5%, respectively. Randomized complete block design with two factors was used in this experiment. The first factor was the dose of N-fertilizer (n 1 = 60 kg/ha, n 2 = 120 kg/ha, and n 3 = 180 kg/ha of N), and the second factor was the frequency of PBZ application (p 1 = 1 time at 40 days after planting [DAP]); p 2 = 2 times at 40 and 50 DAP, and p 3 = 3 times at 40, 50, and 60 DAP. Each treatment consisted of ten polybags with one potato plant for each and repeated three times. The investigated plants were cultivated in polybags (20 cm × 20 cm) containing a combination of soil and compost (2:1/v:v) as the growing medium [27].

2.2 Fertilizer and PBZ application

During plant growth and development, the plants were watered twice daily in the morning and night with drip irrigation system. The fertilizers were applied by the soil drenching method at 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP). The doses of N-fertilizer were based on the treatment, whereas the doses of phosphorus and potassium were 150 kg/ha SP36 and 100 kg/ha KCl, respectively. The PBZ application was carried out with a concentration of 100 ppm at the appropriate time of treatment at a dose of 15 mL/plant at each time of treatment according to the method described by Hamdani et al. [21]. For pest and disease control during plant growth, 80% mancozeb and deltamethrin 2 g L−1 were sprayed to whole the plants. The plants were harvested at 85–90 DAP indicated by the yellowing stems and leaves [27].

2.3 Leaf area and leaf area index analysis

Leaf area and leaf area index measurements were carried out at 8 WAP using the gravimetric method as described by Jonckheere et al. [28]. Briefly, the leaf area was measured by correlating the dry weight of leaves and leaf area using predetermined green-leaf-area-to-dry-weight ratios, whereas the leaf area index, was measured by dividing leaf area per unit area of land [29].

2.4 Root dry weight, plant dry weight, and plant yield

Plants are harvested at the age of 90 DAP with the characteristics of the plant leaves having turned yellow and dry and the stems drying out. After harvesting, several yield variables were observed, namely plant dry weight (g) and root dry weight (g). At the harvest time, the plant yield was analyzed, namely the number of stolons, the percentage of stolons forming tubers per plant, and the number and weight of tubers per plant. The shoot and root ratio was measured at 8 WAP by dividing the dry biomass of roots with the dry biomass of the combination of stem, branches, and foliage.

2.5 Relative growth rate

Relative growth rate was calculated for the entire plant. The entire plant sample was taken destructively at 9, 10, and 11 WAP and then dried at a temperature of 70°C, until dry weight was constant. Relative growth rate values were calculated as the average dry weight values between the initial and final harvest as described by Nafi’ah et al. [30].

2.6 Tuber growth rate

The tuber growth rate was analyzed according to the method described by Rogi et al. [31] and Mailangkay et al. [32] with modification. Briefly, the samples were taken destructively at 9, 10, and 11 WAP. Then dried at a temperature of 70°C, until dry weight was constant. The growth rate from 9–10 to 10–11 WAP described the increase in the average dry weight of tubers per plant per day on average over 7 days.

2.7 N Nutrient uptake analysis

The uptake of N nutrients in potato plants was carried out at 9 WAP destructively by the entire plant and then dried at a temperature of 70°C. Nutrient uptake comprised N total (%) that was detected by the Kjeldahl method as described by Yunindanova et al. [33].

2.8 Statistical data analysis

The SPSS statistical program version 2.25 was used for data analysis. A two-factor analysis of variance was conducted to analyze the data, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to compare differences among treatments. The difference was considered significant at the 5% level [34].

3 Results

3.1 Plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot root ratio, and root dry weight

The statistical data analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application (p > 0.05) on plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot root ratio, and root dry weight. Independently, the dose of N-fertilizer significantly affects (p < 0.05) plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, and dry weight roots. Meanwhile, the frequency of PBZ application has a significant effect (p < 0.05) on plant height, leaf area, and leaf area index (Table 2). The high doses of N-fertilizer 180 kg/ha significantly reduced the growth of potato plant by decreasing plant height, leaf area, and also leaf area index, but the application of lower N-fertilizer doses of 60 and 120 kg/ha resulted in a similar effect in plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, and dry weight roots. The application of two and three times of PBZ significantly affects the inhibition of plant growth by reducing plant height, leaf area, and leaf area index compared with one-time application (Table 1).

Table 1

Effect of N-fertilizer dose and the frequency of PBZ application on the N nutrient uptake

Treatment N nutrient uptake (%)
n1p1 5.53a
n2p1 4.97b
n3p1 4.34b
n1p2 4.46b
n2p2 4.69b
n3p2 5.36a
n1p3 4.45b
n2p3 4.19b
n3p3 5.65a

The mean values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan’s Multiple Range test at the 5% level.

3.2 Plant dry weight

The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the dose of N- fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on the plant’s dry weight (p < 0.05) (Table 2). The interaction effects of N-fertilizer dose and PBZ application frequency were different among the treatments. The dose of 60 kg/ha (n 1) of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ 1 time (p 1) resulted in the highest plant dry weight compared with other treatments, followed by 120 kg/ha with one- and three-times application. However, the increased N-fertilizer dose and the frequency of PBZ application significantly reduced the plant’s dry weight (Table 2).

Table 2

Effect of N-fertilizer dose and the frequency of PBZ application on plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot-root ratio, and root dry weight

Treatment Plant height 8 WAP Leaf area (cm2) Leaf area index Shoot root ratio Root dry weight (g)
N fertilizer dose ( n )
n 1: 60 kg/ha 25.26ab 196.77b 0.164b 6.41a 2.13b
n 2: 120 kg/ha 26.37b 182.13b 0.151b 5.48a 2.24b
n 3: 180 kg/ha 24.19a 124.41a 0.103a 6.58a 1.64a
Frequency of PBZ application ( p )
p 1: 1 time (40 DAP) 25.96b 216.94b 0.181b 6.91a 2.10a
p 2: 2 times (40, 50 DAP) 25.86b 145.21a 0.121a 5.75a 1.90a
p 3: 3 times (40, 50, 60 DAP) 24.00a 140.95a 0.117a 5.82a 2.02a

The mean values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan’s Multiple Range test at the 5% level.

3.3 Relative growth rate and tuber growth rate

The statistical data analysis showed that there was no interaction between the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application (p > 0.05) on the relative growth rate and tuber growth rate. The individual effect of the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application had no significantly different effects on the relative growth rate (Table 3). Meanwhile, only the individual effect of PBZ application frequency significantly affected the tuber growth rate at 10–11 WAP, where the application of PBZ three times resulted in the highest tuber growth rate at 10–11 WAP and was significantly different from other PBZ application frequencies (Table 3).

Table 3

Effect of N-fertilizer dose and the frequency of PBZ application on plant dry weight (g)

N-fertilizer dose (n) Frequency of PBZ application (p)
p 1 = (1 time) p 2 = (2 times) p 3 = (3 times)
n 1 = (60 kg/ha) 20.28b 12.85a 12.61a
C A A
n 2 = (120 kg/ha) 15.71a 12.33a 13.88a
B A B
n 3 = (180 kg/ha) 10.41a 13.13a 12.14a
A A A

The mean values followed by the same capital letter vertically and lower case horizontally were not significantly different based on Duncan’s Multiple Range test at the 5% level.

3.4 Number of stolons, percentage of stolons forming tubers per plant, and the number and weight of tubers per plant

The statistical analysis showed that there was no interaction between the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application (p > 0.05) on the number of stolons, the percentage of stolons forming tubers per plant, the number of tubers, and the weight of tubers per plant. Independent effect of the dose of N-fertilizer significantly affects (p < 0.05) the number of stolons and the percentage of stolons forming tuber per plant but does not significantly affect the number and weight of tuber per plant. Meanwhile, the frequency of PBZ application has a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the number and weight of tuber per plant but no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the number of stolon and the percentage of stolon forming tuber per plant (Table 4). The application of N-fertilizer 120 kg/ha resulted in the highest number of stolons and was significantly different compared with other treatments, but resulted in the lowest percentage of stolon forming tuber with the value. The frequency of PBZ application three times produced the highest number and weight of tuber per plant and was significantly different compared with the other frequency PBZ applications with the value of 9.26 and 83.97 g, respectively (Table 4).

Table 4

Effect of N-fertilizer dose and the frequency of PBZ application on relative growth rate and tuber growth rate

Treatment Relative growth rate (g g−1 day−1) Tuber growth rate (g plant−1 day−1)
9–10 WAP 9–10 WAP 9–10 WAP 10–11 WAP
N-fertilizer dose ( n )
n 1: 60 kg/ha 0.1326a 3.7714a 3.7714a 4.7166a
n 2: 120 kg/ha 0.0870a 2.2441a 2.2441a 4.5727a
n 3: 180 kg/ha 0.1285a 1.2379a 1.2379a 3.1979a
Frequency of PBZ application ( p )
p 1: 1 time (40 DAP) 0.1192a 1.9067a 1.9067a 2.6041a
p 2: 2 times (40, 50 DAP) 0.1308a 2.5151a 2.5151a 2.5755a
p 3: 3 times (40, 50, 60 DAP) 0.0982a 0.0291a 2.8316a 7.3076b

The mean values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan’s Multiple Range test at the 5% level.

3.5 N Nutrient uptake in plants

The statistical data analysis showed that the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application significantly influenced the N absorption in potato plants (p < 0.05). The highest N absorption by potato plant was identified from n3p3 (180 kg/ha N with three times application) treated plants with the N nutrient uptake of 5.65%, but it was not significantly different from n1p1 (60 kg/ha N with 1 times application) and n3p2 (120 kg/ha N with two times application) (Table 5).

Table 5

Effect of the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on the number and percentage of stolons forming tuber per plant, the number of tubers, and weight of tuber per plant

Treatment Number of stolons Percentage of stolons forming tuber (%) Number of tubers per plant Weight of tuber per plant (g)
N-fertilizer dose ( n )
n 1: 60 kg/ha 10.67a 97.70b 7.33a 66.16a
n 2: 120 kg/ha 22.33b 51.25a 7.74a 63.09a
n 3: 180 kg/ha 11.33a 87.48ab 7.67a 67.75a
Frequency of PBZ application ( p )
p 1: 1 time (40 DAP) 15.89a 71.22a 6.96a 54.90a
p 2: 2 times (40, 50 DAP) 15.44a 76.99a 6.52a 58.13a
p 3: 3 times (40, 50, 60 DAP) 13.00a 88.21a 9.26b 83.97b

The mean values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level.

4 Discussion

High temperature affects potato production in the tropics [35]. This condition reduces potato productivity due to the failure of the tuberization process and the reduction of partitioning of net photosynthesis and assimilation [36]. The inhibited potato tuberization at the high temperature is mediated by the increasing biosynthesis of endogenous GA [37]. Therefore, PBZ is mostly used as a GA-biosynthesis inhibitor to promote tuber initiation [38].

In cropping systems, N fertilization plays an inevitable role in enhancing plant growth, yield, and quality [39,40]. PBZ led to increased absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant by increasing the expression and activity of nitrogen transporters such as nitrate transporters in roots that are responsible for the uptake of nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate (NO3 −) or ammonium ( NH 4 + ). This improved activity leads to more effectiveness in nitrogen use for plant growth and development. Oliveira [41] stated that the availability and the N nutrient uptake have a positive effect on the growth of stems and leaves, increasing the plant height. This study reported that the application of N-fertilizer three times with the application of PBZ two and three times significantly increased N nutrient uptake (Table 5). Tsegaw [19] stated that the increased total N concentration in tubers from PBZ-treated plants may be due to increased uptake of N from the soil and/or remobilization of N. However, the higher N nutrient uptake by the potato plant affects the reduction of plant vegetative growth (Table 1). The mechanism of PBZ in increasing N assimilation by increasing the activity such as nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase to convert absorbed nitrate into amino acids and proteins within the plant that can be used for growth and development. N enhanced assimilation partitioning to the shoots rather than to the tubers [42], therefore the leaf area was higher at the optimum doses (Table 1).

The optimum doses of N-fertilizer are important for plant growth by balancing plant growth between shoot and root, which finally supports the plant health. Low N-fertilizer prioritizes the root growth deeper over vegetative shoot growth to maximize nutrient capture, while high N-fertilizer triggers vegetative shoot growth that results in excessive lush foliage and also weaker stems, underdeveloped root system, and susceptibility to pests and diseases. Zelalem et al. [43] stated that the availability of nutrients in the growing media will support optimal plant growth such as growth in the leaf organ. The application of N affects the plant and root dry weight (Tables 1 and 2). A similar study was reported by Irawan and Kafiar [44] that N increases the accumulation of dry matter in the plant canopy and the growth of the plant canopy related to the root growth.

The frequency of PBZ application directly affects plant growth. Repeated application of PBZ causes sustained inhibition of GA biosynthesis, thereby maintaining suppression of GA production and preventing its recovery, keeping the plant in a dwarf. While a single application of PBZ may have a temporary effect. After the PBZ effect is metabolized, the plant will resume normal GA production and the plant will grow normally. PBZ is a growth inhibitor and also belongs to the triazol group [45]. Several studies reported that the effects of the chemical increased with increasing concentration, frequency, and time of application [46]. This study reported that the PBZ frequency application significantly reduced the plant height, leaf area, and leaf area index, where three times of application resulted in the lowest value (Table 1). Azima et al. [47] stated that the earlier application of PBZ reduced the leaf area and leaf area index. A similar result was reported by Mariana and Hamdani [48], the frequency of PBZ application two or three times was able to reduce the leaf area. PBZ inhibits GA biosynthesis resulting in slow division and elongation without causing toxicity to cells [49]. Hamdani et al. [24] reported that the three times PBZ application significantly reduced potato plant height. A similar study is reported by us (Table 1).

N-fertilizer at low doses increased the leaf area, leaf area index, and root and plant dry matter (Tables 1 and 2). They showed that increased leaf area resulted in an increase in plant dry weight. Sonbai et al. [50] stated that leaf area contributed to the plant’s dry matter by up to 70%. Van Keulen et al. [51] stated that N nutrients have an important role in the development of canopies and the accumulation of the plant’s dry weight. The application of PBZ reducing the GA level in the plant leaf to higher carbohydrate allocation to the root resulted in more dry matter allocation to the roots, as shown by Yim et al. [52].

PBZ-treated plants with three times application exhibited a higher tuber growth rate but did not show differences in plant growth rate (Table 2). A similar study was reported by Tsegaw [19] that the PBZ-treated plants exhibited a higher tuber growth rate and it would be influenced by leaf area. However, in our study, plants treated with three times PBZ application exhibited a higher tuber growth rate despite the reduced leaf area (Tables 1 and 3).

Stolon initiation and growth are stimulated by the high temperature and long photoperiod, but low temperature and short photoperiod initiate the tuberization and tuber expansion [53]. This study reported that N application at optimum doses under high-temperature areas increased the number of stolons and reduced the percentage of stolon forming tuber than at 60 or 180 kg/ha (Table 4). Although the function of N in potato tuberization is not well understood [15], N withdrawal affects the phytohormone balance in such a way that the level of GA decreases while increasing ABA levels [11]. Nitrogen application influences hormonal balances in plants, particularly the levels of cytokinins and GAs. GA promotes vegetative growth, including stolon elongation, while cytokinins support cell division and growth. High temperatures further disrupt this balance, favoring GA synthesis over cytokinin activity, which is crucial for tuber formation. With the application of PBZ, the GA activity is suppressed by the expression StSP6A and StGA2ox1.

The critical role in determining potato yield is the stolon-forming tuber and the number of tubers that are affected by the partitioning of carbon and N [54]. PBZ inhibits the synthesis of GAs that affects the reduction of cell elongation and vegetative growth. With the reduced vegetative growth, the carbon partitioning is shifting from the shoots to the roots and storage organs (tubers). Tubers are formed from the stolon swelling that is affected by several factors. Mares et al. [55] reported that GA inhibited tuber formation, decreased tuber sink strength, and encouraged shoot and stolon growth. Therefore, to initiate the tuber formation, the GA function must be minimized such as by the application of PBZ. Fletcher et al. [56] stated that PBZ increases the partitioning of assimilates to tubers thereby increasing yield. We have reported a similar study that the application of PBZ three times increased the number of tubers per plant and weight of tuber per plant (Table 4).

5 Conclusion

The application of N and PBZ significantly affects the plant growth and yield of potato seeds G0. The application of N-fertilizer 120 kg/ha resulted in a higher plant height and the number of stolons compared to 60 and 180 kg/ha treated plants but did not affect the number and weight of tubers. However, the increasing number and weight of tubers are affected by the PBZ application, where three times application resulted in a higher number and weight of tubers than one- and two-times application. We conclude that the application of N-fertilizer and PBZ can be useful for increasing G0 potato production and yield and is beneficial for increasing G0 potato seed productivity, especially for areas with high temperatures.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Universitas Padjadjaran for funding this research under ALG UNPAD research grant 2024. We also thank all members of our laboratory for helpful discussions throughout the work.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by ALG UNPAD 2024 Research Grand No. 1476/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2024 and The APC was funded by Universitas Padjadjaran.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and consented to its submission to the journal, reviewed all the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conceptualization: SM, JSH; data curation SM, JSH; formal analysis: SM; funding acquisition: JHS; investigation: SM, SN, KK, JSH; methodology: SM, JSH; validation: SM, JSH; visualization: SM; writing – original draft: SM; writing – review & and editing: SM, AN, KK, NS, JSH.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflicts of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available in the article.

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Received: 2024-03-28
Revised: 2024-09-13
Accepted: 2024-10-09
Published Online: 2024-11-20

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

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https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0383
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
G0 potato seed; plant growth; production; yield
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Supplementation of P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris improved soil fertility, P nutrient, growth, and yield of Cucumis melo L.
  3. Yield gap variation in rice cultivation in Indonesia
  4. Effects of co-inoculation of indole-3-acetic acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria on plant growth and nutrition, soil elements, and the relationships of soil microbiomes with soil physicochemical parameters
  5. Impact of mulching and planting time on spring-wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth: A combined field experiment and empirical modeling approach
  6. Morphological diversity, correlation studies, and multiple-traits selection for yield and yield components of local cowpea varieties
  7. Participatory on-farm evaluation of new orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Southern Ethiopia
  8. Yield performance and stability analysis of three cultivars of Gayo Arabica coffee across six different environments
  9. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different types of plants feeds: Potency as a pest on various agricultural plants
  10. Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice
  11. Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance
  12. Nicotinamide as a biostimulant improves soybean growth and yield
  13. Farmer’s willingness to accept the sustainable zoning-based organic farming development plan: A lesson from Sleman District, Indonesia
  14. Uncovering hidden determinants of millennial farmers’ intentions in running conservation agriculture: An application of the Norm Activation Model
  15. Mediating role of leadership and group capital between human capital component and sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions in Indonesia
  16. Biochar technology to increase cassava crop productivity: A study of sustainable agriculture on degraded land
  17. Effect of struvite on the growth of green beans on Mars and Moon regolith simulants
  18. UrbanAgriKG: A knowledge graph on urban agriculture and its embeddings
  19. Provision of loans and credit by cocoa buyers under non-price competition: Cocoa beans market in Ghana
  20. Effectiveness of micro-dosing of lime on selected chemical properties of soil in Banja District, North West, Ethiopia
  21. Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare
  22. Effects of selected biostimulants on qualitative and quantitative parameters of nine cultivars of the genus Capsicum spp.
  23. Growth, yield, and secondary metabolite responses of three shallot cultivars at different watering intervals
  24. Design of drainage channel for effective use of land on fully mechanized sugarcane plantations: A case study at Bone Sugarcane Plantation
  25. Technical feasibility and economic benefit of combined shallot seedlings techniques in Indonesia
  26. Control of Meloidogyne javanica in banana by endophytic bacteria
  27. Comparison of important quality components of red-flesh kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in different locations
  28. Efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas of East Java, Indonesia
  29. Comparative analysis of alpine agritourism in Trentino, Tyrol, and South Tyrol: Regional variations and prospects
  30. Detection of Fusarium spp. infection in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during postharvest storage through visible–near-infrared and shortwave–near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
  31. Forage yield, seed, and forage qualitative traits evaluation by determining the optimal forage harvesting stage in dual-purpose cultivation in safflower varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
  32. The influence of tourism on the development of urban space: Comparison in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City
  33. Optimum intra-row spacing and clove size for the economical production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia
  34. The role of organic rice farm income on farmer household welfare: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  35. Exploring innovative food in a developing country: Edible insects as a sustainable option
  36. Genotype by environment interaction and performance stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Dawuro zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
  37. Factors influencing green, environmentally-friendly consumer behaviour
  38. Factors affecting coffee farmers’ access to financial institutions: The case of Bandung Regency, Indonesia
  39. Morphological and yield trait-based evaluation and selection of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes suitable for both summer and winter seasons
  40. Sustainability analysis and decision-making strategy for swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabauesis) conservation in Jambi Province, Indonesia
  41. Understanding factors affecting rice purchasing decisions in Indonesia: Does rice brand matter?
  42. An implementation of an extended theory of planned behavior to investigate consumer behavior on hygiene sanitation-certified livestock food products
  43. Information technology adoption in Indonesia’s small-scale dairy farms
  44. Draft genome of a biological control agent against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal phytopathogen of spot blotch in wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum): Bacillus inaquosorum TSO22
  45. Assessment of the recurrent mutagenesis efficacy of sesame crosses followed by isolation and evaluation of promising genetic resources for use in future breeding programs
  46. Fostering cocoa industry resilience: A collaborative approach to managing farm gate price fluctuations in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
  47. Field investigation of component failures for selected farm machinery used in small rice farming operations
  48. Near-infrared technology in agriculture: Rapid, simultaneous, and non-destructive determination of inner quality parameters on intact coffee beans
  49. The synergistic application of sucrose and various LED light exposures to enhance the in vitro growth of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)
  50. Weather index-based agricultural insurance for flower farmers: Willingness to pay, sales, and profitability perspectives
  51. Meta-analysis of dietary Bacillus spp. on serum biochemical and antioxidant status and egg quality of laying hens
  52. Biochemical characterization of trypsin from Indonesian skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera
  53. Determination of C-factor for conventional cultivation and soil conservation technique used in hop gardens
  54. Empowering farmers: Unveiling the economic impacts of contract farming on red chilli farmers’ income in Magelang District, Indonesia
  55. Evaluating salt tolerance in fodder crops: A field experiment in the dry land
  56. Labor productivity of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia
  57. Cropping systems and production assessment in southern Myanmar: Informing strategic interventions
  58. The effect of biostimulants and red mud on the growth and yield of shallots in post-unlicensed gold mining soil
  59. Effects of dietary Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) seed meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  60. Analysis and structural characterization of the vid-pisco market
  61. Pseudomonas fluorescens SP007s enhances defense responses against the soybean bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
  62. A brief investigation on the prospective of co-composted biochar as a fertilizer for Zucchini plants cultivated in arid sandy soil
  63. Supply chain efficiency of red chilies in the production center of Sleman Indonesia based on performance measurement system
  64. Investment development path for developed economies: Is agriculture different?
  65. Power relations among actors in laying hen business in Indonesia: A MACTOR analysis
  66. High-throughput digital imaging and detection of morpho-physiological traits in tomato plants under drought
  67. Converting compression ignition engine to dual-fuel (diesel + CNG) engine and experimentally investigating its performance and emissions
  68. Structuration, risk management, and institutional dynamics in resolving palm oil conflicts
  69. Spacing strategies for enhancing drought resilience and yield in maize agriculture
  70. Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types
  71. Investigating Spodoptera spp. diversity, percentage of attack, and control strategies in the West Java, Indonesia, corn cultivation
  72. Yield stability of biofertilizer treatments to soybean in the rainy season based on the GGE biplot
  73. Evaluating agricultural yield and economic implications of varied irrigation depths on maize yield in semi-arid environments, at Birfarm, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
  74. Chemometrics for mapping the spatial nitrate distribution on the leaf lamina of fenugreek grown under varying nitrogenous fertilizer doses
  75. Pomegranate peel ethanolic extract: A promising natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, and novel approach to mitigate rancidity in used edible oils
  76. Transformative learning and engagement with organic farming: Lessons learned from Indonesia
  77. Tourism in rural areas as a broader concept: Some insights from the Portuguese reality
  78. Assessment enhancing drought tolerance in henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) ecotypes through sodium nitroprusside foliar application
  79. Edible insects: A survey about perceptions regarding possible beneficial health effects and safety concerns among adult citizens from Portugal and Romania
  80. Phenological stages analysis in peach trees using electronic nose
  81. Harvest date and salicylic acid impact on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) properties under different humidity conditions
  82. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. petal biomass: A green source of nanoparticles of multifarious potential
  83. Use of different vegetation indices for the evaluation of the kinetics of the cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) growth based on multispectral images by UAV
  84. First evidence of microplastic pollution in mangrove sediments and its ingestion by coral reef fish: Case study in Biawak Island, Indonesia
  85. Physical and textural properties and sensory acceptability of wheat bread partially incorporated with unripe non-commercial banana cultivars
  86. Cereibacter sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 were used to solubilize insoluble P forms to improve P uptake, growth, and yield of rice in acidic and extreme saline soil
  87. Avocado peel by-product in cattle diets and supplementation with oregano oil and effects on production, carcass, and meat quality
  88. Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
  89. The acceptance of social media as a channel of communication and livestock information for sheep farmers
  90. Adaptation of rice farmers to aging in Thailand
  91. Combined use of improved maize hybrids and nitrogen application increases grain yield of maize, under natural Striga hermonthica infestation
  92. From aquatic to terrestrial: An examination of plant diversity and ecological shifts
  93. Statistical modelling of a tractor tractive performance during ploughing operation on a tropical Alfisol
  94. Participation in artisanal diamond mining and food security: A case study of Kasai Oriental in DR Congo
  95. Assessment and multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service values in Southwest China’s mountainous and hilly region
  96. Analysis of agricultural emissions and economic growth in Europe in search of ecological balance
  97. Bacillus thuringiensis strains with high insecticidal activity against insect larvae of the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera
  98. Technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java, Indonesia: A bootstrap data envelopment analysis
  99. Comparison between mycobiota diversity and fungi and mycotoxin contamination of maize and wheat
  100. Evaluation of cultivation technology package and corn variety based on agronomy characters and leaf green indices
  101. Exploring the association between the consumption of beverages, fast foods, sweets, fats, and oils and the risk of gastric and pancreatic cancers: Findings from case–control study
  102. Phytochemical composition and insecticidal activity of Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. extract on life span and biological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.)
  103. Land use management solutions in response to climate change: Case study in the central coastal areas of Vietnam
  104. Evaluation of coffee pulp as a feed ingredient for ruminants: A meta-analysis
  105. Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
  106. Harnessing synthetic microbial communities with nitrogen-fixing activity to promote rice growth
  107. Agronomic and economic benefits of rice–sweetpotato rotation in lowland rice cropping systems in Uganda
  108. Response of potato tuber as an effect of the N-fertilizer and paclobutrazol application in medium altitude
  109. Bridging the gap: The role of geographic proximity in enhancing seed sustainability in Bandung District
  110. Evaluation of Abrams curve in agricultural sector using the NARDL approach
  111. Challenges and opportunities for young farmers in the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2014–2020 of the Republic of Croatia
  112. Yield stability of ten common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at different sowing dates in Lubumbashi, South-East of DR Congo
  113. Effects of encapsulation and combining probiotics with different nitrate forms on methane emission and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics
  114. Phytochemical analysis of Bienertia sinuspersici extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  115. Evaluation of relative drought tolerance of grapevines by leaf fluorescence parameters
  116. Yield assessment of new streak-resistant topcross maize hybrids in Benin
  117. Improvement of cocoa powder properties through ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted alkalization
  118. Potential of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) leaf and pulp waste as bioinsecticides for Periplaneta americana
  119. Analysis of farm performance to realize the sustainability of organic cabbage vegetable farming in Getasan Semarang, Indonesia
  120. Revealing the influences of organic amendment-derived dissolved organic matter on growth and nutrient accumulation in lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.)
  121. Identification of viruses infecting sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) in Benin
  122. Assessing the soil physical and chemical properties of long-term pomelo orchard based on tree growth
  123. Investigating access and use of digital tools for agriculture among rural farmers: A case study of Nkomazi Municipality, South Africa
  124. Does sex influence the impact of dietary vitD3 and UVB light on performance parameters and welfare indicators of broilers?
  125. Design of intelligent sprayer control for an autonomous farming drone using a multiclass support vector machine
  126. Deciphering salt-responsive NB-ARC genes in rice transcriptomic data: A bioinformatics approach with gene expression validation
  127. Review Articles
  128. Impact of nematode infestation in livestock production and the role of natural feed additives – A review
  129. Role of dietary fats in reproductive, health, and nutritional benefits in farm animals: A review
  130. Climate change and adaptive strategies on viticulture (Vitis spp.)
  131. The false tiger of almond, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae): Biology, ecology, and control methods
  132. A systematic review on potential analogy of phytobiomass and soil carbon evaluation methods: Ethiopia insights
  133. A review of storage temperature and relative humidity effects on shelf life and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit and implications for nutrition insecurity in Ethiopia
  134. Green extraction of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) phytochemicals: Prospective strategies and roadblocks
  135. Potential influence of nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of carrot (Dacus carota L.) in Ethiopia: Systematic review
  136. Corn silk: A promising source of antimicrobial compounds for health and wellness
  137. State and contours of research on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Africa
  138. The potential of phosphorus-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria in agriculture: Present and future perspectives
  139. Minor millets: Processing techniques and their nutritional and health benefits
  140. Meta-analysis of reproductive performance of improved dairy cattle under Ethiopian environmental conditions
  141. Review on enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization: Strategies for optimal nutrient management
  142. The nutritional, phytochemical composition, and utilisation of different parts of maize: A comparative analysis
  143. Motivations for farmers’ participation in agri-environmental scheme in the EU, literature review
  144. Evolution of climate-smart agriculture research: A science mapping exploration and network analysis
  145. Short Communications
  146. Music enrichment improves the behavior and leukocyte profile of dairy cattle
  147. Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
  148. Corrigendum
  149. Corrigendum to “Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance”
  150. Corrigendum to “Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types”
  151. Special issue: Smart Agriculture System for Sustainable Development: Methods and Practices
  152. Construction of a sustainable model to predict the moisture content of porang powder (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) based on pointed-scan visible near-infrared spectroscopy
  153. FruitVision: A deep learning based automatic fruit grading system
  154. Energy harvesting and ANFIS modeling of a PVDF/GO-ZNO piezoelectric nanogenerator on a UAV
  155. Effects of stress hormones on digestibility and performance in cattle: A review
  156. Special Issue of The 4th International Conference on Food Science and Engineering (ICFSE) 2022 - Part II
  157. Assessment of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid profiles and ratio of omega-6/omega-3 of white eggs produced by laying hens fed diets enriched with omega-3 rich vegetable oil
  158. Special Issue on FCEM - International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation - Part II
  159. Special Issue on FCEM – International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation: Message from the editor
  160. Fruit and vegetable consumption: Study involving Portuguese and French consumers
  161. Knowledge about consumption of milk: Study involving consumers from two European Countries – France and Portugal
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Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2022-0383/html
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