Home Potential of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) leaf and pulp waste as bioinsecticides for Periplaneta americana
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Potential of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) leaf and pulp waste as bioinsecticides for Periplaneta americana

  • Muhammad Rijal EMAIL logo , Surati , Salma Samputri , Irmawanty , Corneli Pary , Azwar Abdollah , Sarty Imkari and Indrayani Sima Sima Sohilauw
Published/Copyright: December 12, 2024
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Open Agriculture
From the journal Open Agriculture Volume 9 Issue 1

Abstract

Peripllaneta americana are nocturnal animals that transmit typhoid, dysentery, and diarrhea. P. americana is frequently found in filthy environments such as markets, warehouses, and toilets. Apart from that, it is found in bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, wardrobes, and even food. Chemical methods have been used to remove cockroaches, but they are hazardous to both human health and the environment. The usage of ecoenzymes derived from nutmeg leaf and pulp waste has great potential as it contains bioactive compounds that can function as bioinsecticides. This research used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern of 2 × 3 × 3 or 18 treatments, namely, the type of main ingredient (E 1 and E 2), ecoenzyme concentration (K 1, K 2, and K 3), and time after contact (T 1, T 2, and T 3). The measuring parameter in the study was the percentage of cockroach death, which was analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows. The results showed that different plant waste’s ecoenzymes also have distinctive colors (E 1 is yellowish brown and E 2 is dark brown), fresh sour smell, pH (E 1 = 3.15 and E 2 = 3.08), temperature (E 1 = 26.4°C and E 2 = 26.03°C), and total dissolved solids (E 1 = 1,263 ppm and E 2 = 1,713 ppm) after fermentation. In addition, there was an effect on cockroaches due to the type of main ingredient, concentration, time after contact, and the interaction of the three on the percentage of mortality of P. americana with LC50 and T50 found in treatments E 2 K 2 T 2 (main ingredient of nutmeg pulp waste, 10% concentration, and time after contact 6 h) and E 2 K 3 T 1 (main ingredient of nutmeg pulp waste, 15% concentration, and time after contact 3 h), so that the resulting ecoenzyme showed positive effects as a potential bioinsecticide of P. americana.

Keywords: bioinsecticide; P. americana ; nutmeg plant; concentration; contact time; ecoenzymes

1 Introduction

Cockroaches are nocturnal animals that live between walls, folds of clothing, cupboards, gutters, bathrooms, sewage pipes, and whereever else that food, water, or shelter is available. Cockroaches are a type of arthropod that spreads disease, acts as mechanical vectors, and serves as a reservoir for pathogenic agents due to their dirty inhabitants [1,2]. Cockroaches are intermediate hosts of pathogenic helminths, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They host and transmit, both in nature and under experimental conditions, about 39 species of bacteria, including 25 from the Enterobacteriaceae group, which causes gastroenteritis in 40 individuals [3]. Cockroaches are believed to contribute to the transmission of Chagas disease by feeding on the triatomine vectors of the disease [2]. There are also signs that substances produced by cockroaches are involved in certain allergic processes [4]. These facts justify the control and eradication of these insects whenever and wherever they pose a threat to public health.

Various attempts have been made to control or eradicate cockroach populations, both physically and chemically. Clearing stagnant water, cleaning containers of food waste, rinsing and discarding plastic or tin containers, emptying rubbish bins regularly, and cleaning the house regularly are some of the physical measures taken to control cockroach populations [5]. In addition, various brands of insecticides such as hit spray, baygon liquid, miezhangqing powder, and others have been used to eradicate cockroaches, but ecologically have negative impacts on the environment, other organisms and humans. The use of insecticides that are not environmentally friendly reduces germplasm, creates resistant species, and pollute air, water, and food [6]. Therefore, there is a need for a new breakthrough in controlling or eradicating cockroach populations that is safe for the environment, humans, and other organisms.

Biological control and eradication of cockroaches using bioinsecticides is one of the safer alternatives when compared to chemicals, because it does not leave residues that are harmful to the environment, humans, and other organisms [7]. The use of bioinsecticides is one of the biological actions by using plant parts, such as fruit, seeds, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. Clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) has the potential as a bioinsecticide against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with a significant value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with an LC50 concentration obtained of 3.434% and LC90 of 22.070% [4]. The nutmeg leaf extract contains 38 distinct compounds, with the myristicin compound representing 15.93% of the total and exhibiting the greatest potential as a bioinsecticide. Myristicin has been observed to possess toxic properties, including the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzymes and cytochrome detoxification enzymes. This inhibition impedes the transmission of nerve impulses, leading to paralysis and ultimately death [8]. DS (lemongrass leaf powder) and DM (noni leaf powder) treatments resulted in mortality of the test insects, 93.33 and 91.67%, respectively, and were more effective than the other two treatments, DP (nutmeg leaf powder) and DJ (orange leaf powder) as well as the control [9]. The average larval mortality at a concentration of 10%, nutmeg leaf juice was 52% while betel leaf juice was 72%, for a concentration of 15%, nutmeg leaf juice was 68% and betel leaf juice was 92%, and at a concentration of 20%, nutmeg leaf juice was 92% while betel leaf juice reached 100%. The conclusion of this study is that betel leaf juice is more effective as a larvicide than nutmeg leaf juice [10]. Ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and water fraction have insecticidal activity. The n-hexane fraction of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) seeds had the highest activity. The KC50 values of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and water fraction are 527.16, 326.72, 390.01, and 525.19 ppm, and LC50 values are 489.56, 142.66, 281.58, and 364.59 ppm against Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes, respectively [11]. The n-hexane fraction of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves demonstrated a statistically significant result (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative control, whereas the other fractions did not yield comparable outcomes. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated the greatest efficacy against cockroaches at a concentration of 25.00%, with an LC50 of 24.135% and an LT50 of 47.044 h. These findings suggest that the n-hexane fraction has the potential to be developed as a bioinsecticide [12]. The ethyl acetate fraction of Anonna muricata leaves demonstrated the most pronounced toxicity against cockroaches, with an LC50 value of 0.1 g/ml and an LT50 value of 1 g/ml of 30.072 h [13]. The highest mortality rate of P. americana was observed at a concentration of 30% of the Allium sativum ethanol extract, reaching 83.33%. Conversely, the lowest mortality rate was recorded at a concentration of 1%, with a rate of 5.56%. This demonstrates that an elevated concentration of extract is associated with an elevated mortality rate of P. americana [14].

Research that examines the utilization of nutmeg leaf and pulp waste as raw material for the manufacture of ecoenzymes is limited despite that in several regions of Indonesia such as Maluku, North Maluku, Sumatera, and Papua a lot of nutmeg leaf and pulp waste is produced [15]. Another research that is in line with the use of nutmeg in making carbonated drinks as an innovation of superior products is in Sula district [16]. There has been no research related to the use of ecoenzymes made from leaf waste and nutmeg pulp in controlling and eradicating cockroaches in Indonesia. Therefore, the results of this study will provide information on the potential of ecoenzymes made from leaf waste and nutmeg pulp as bioinsecticides in eradicating P. americana with independent variables including ecoenzyme concentration and time after contact, while the dependent variable is the percentage of mortality of P. americana.

2 Materials and methods

This research is an experimental study that uses completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern 2 × 3 × 3 or 18 treatments, namely: type of main raw material for making ecoenzyme (nutmeg leaf waste and nutmeg pulp waste), concentration of ecoenzyme, and time after contact. The main types of raw materials for making ecoenzymes are nutmeg leaf and pulp waste (E 1 and E 2); the concentration of ecoenzymes used are K 1 (5%), K 2 (10%), and K 3 (15%) with time after contact is T 1 (3 h), T 2 (6 h), and T 3 (9 h). The total treatment variation was 2 × 3 × 3 = 18 treatments with the number of replicates obtained from Federer’s formula t(n − 1) ≥ 15, where t is the number of treatments and n is the number of replicates in each treatment, so in this study, 2 replicates were carried out on each treatment. The total observation units were 18 treatments × 2 replicates = 36 units.

Each observation unit used ten cockroaches, so the total number of test insects used was 360. This research was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at the Biology Laboratory of FKIP Pattimura University Ambon-Maluku, Indonesia. The research was carried out through two stages, namely the ecoenzyme preparation stage and the implementation stage (toxicity test). The production of ecoenzymes entails the creation of an ecoenzyme liquid, comprising 60% clean water and 10% molasses, with the remaining 30% consisting of waste materials, including fruit peels, leaf pulp, and nutmeg pulp [17]. Each 1,000 ml jar was filled with 600 ml clean water, 60 ml molasses, and 180 g fruit peel waste + nutmeg leaf or pulp waste (10 g orange peel, 10 g pineapple peel, 10 g banana peel + 150 g nutmeg leaf or pulp waste). The ecoenzyme was then allowed to stand for 3 months at room temperature to carry out the fermentation process. After 3 months, the residue of fruit peels and the main ingredients were filtered from the ecoenzyme liquid. The measured ecoenzyme parameters include color, smell, pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) at the beginning and end of fermentation.

P. americana specimens were procured from residential dwellings and the Mardika Ambon traditional market in Maluku, Indonesia. They were subsequently reared and fed in cages for a period of 3 days. A total of 18 cages, each containing 10 animals, were prepared for each treatment. Each treatment was repeated twice, resulting in a total of 360 animals being used. The main ingredients of the ecoenzyme preparations, namely leaf pulp and nutmeg pulp, were used at concentrations of 0, 5, and 11%. Each cage was sprayed with the preparations for a contact time of 3, 6, and 9 h, respectively. The data collected were then processed using SPSS version 25 for Windows and analyzed univariately and via multiple linear regression. The following is a representation of the research design (Table 1).

Table 1

Layout of research CRD with factorial pattern 2 × 3 × 3 [18]

T 1 T 2 T 3
E 1 K 1 E 1 K 1 T 1 E 1 K 1 T 2 E 1 K 1 T 3
K 2 E 1 K 2 T 1 E 1 K 2 T 2 E 1 K 2 T 3
K 3 E 1 K 3 T 1 E 1 K 3 T 2 E 1 K 3 T 3
E 2 K 1 E 2 K 1 T 1 E 2 K 1 T 2 E 2 K 1 T 3
K 2 E 2 K 2 T 1 E 2 K 2 T 2 E 2 K 2 T 2
K 3 E 2 K 3 T 1 E 2 K 3 T 2 E 2 K 3 T 3

E 1: nutmeg leaf waste-based ecoenzyme, E 2: nutmeg pulp waste-based ecoenzyme, K 1: ecoenzyme concentration (5%), K 2: ecoenzyme concentration (10%), K 3: ecoenzyme concentration (15%), T 1: time after contact (3 h), T 2: time after contact (6 h), and T 3: time after contact (9 h).

3 Results

Based on the results of the study, the data obtained include the results of HPLC-chromatogram readings and characteristics (liquid color) of ecoenzymes made from the main waste of nutmeg leaves and flesh are presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1 HPLC-chromatogram results and ecoenzyme liquid made from nutmeg meat (BP/E 1) and leaf waste (DP/E 2).
Figure 1

HPLC-chromatogram results and ecoenzyme liquid made from nutmeg meat (BP/E 1) and leaf waste (DP/E 2).

Figure 1 shows the difference in the peaks of the HPLC-chromatogram readings, where the peaks and levels of myristicin in the ecoenzyme made from nutmeg pulp waste are higher than the nutmeg leaf waste ecoenzyme. The ecoenzyme made from nutmeg leaf waste had yellowish brown color and was clear, while the one made from nutmeg pulp had a dark brown color. The characteristics of the ecoenzyme which include color, smell, pH, temperature, and TDS are presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Characteristics of ecoenzymes before and after fermentation

Type of ecoenzyme Characteristics of ecoenzymes Fermentation
Before After
Nutmeg leaf waste Color Blackish brown Yellowish brown
Smell The smell of nutmeg Fresh sour smell
pH 5.73 3.15
Temperature (°C) 28.5 26,4
TDS (ppm) 2,159 1,263
Color Blackish brown Dark brown
Nutmeg pulp waste Smell The smell of nutmeg Fresh sour smell
pH 5.13 3.08
Temperature (°C) 28.18 26,03
TDS (ppm) 2,284 1,713

Ecoenzyme characteristics, which include color, smell, pH, temperature, and TDS, experienced changes after the fermentation process. At the end of the fermentation process, the ecoenzyme made from nutmeg leaf waste has a yellowish brown color, fresh sour smell, pH 3.15 (sour), temperature 26.4°C, and TDS of 1,263 ppm. In contrast, the ecoenzyme made from nutmeg pulp waste has a dark brown color, fresh sour smell, pH 3.08 (acidic), temperature 26.03°C, and TDS of 1,713 ppm. After testing the characteristics of the ecoenzyme, the application test was carried out on P. americana test insects with the measuring parameter being the percentage (%) of mortality, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Average percentage (%) mortality of P. americana by treatment of raw material type (E), ecoenzyme concentration (K), and time after contact (T).
Figure 2

Average percentage (%) mortality of P. americana by treatment of raw material type (E), ecoenzyme concentration (K), and time after contact (T).

The lowest average percentage of P. americana mortality occurred in the ecoenzyme with nutmeg leaf waste as the main ingredient, 5% concentration and time after contact 3 and 6 h (E 1 K 1 T 1 and E 1 K 1 T 2), and the highest in the ecoenzyme with nutmeg pulp waste as the main ingredient, 15% concentration and time after contact 9 h (E 2 K 3 T 3). L50 and LT50 were found at concentrations (10 and 15%) and time after contact (3 and 6 h) when using ecoenzymes produced from nutmeg pulp waste. To determine the effect of each treatment or interaction between treatments, data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 25 for Windows, which is presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Effect of main ingredient type, concentration of ecoenzyme, time after contact, and their interaction on percentage (%) mortality of P. americana

Source Type III sum of squares df Mean square F Sig.
Corrected model 7822.222 17 460.131 27.608 0.000
Intercept 38677.778 1 38677.778 2320.667 0.000
Type of main ingredient 4011.111 1 4011.111 240.667 0.000
Ecoenzyme concentration 1738.889 2 869.444 52.167 0.000
Time after contact 622.222 2 311.111 18.667 0.000
Type of main ingredient × ecoenzyme concentration 772.222 2 386.111 23.167 0.000
Type of main ingredient × time after contact 88.889 2 44.444 2.667 0.097
Ecoenzyme concentration × time after contact 311.111 4 77.778 4.667 0.009
Type of main ingredient × ecoenzyme concentration × time after contact 277.778 4 69.444 4.167 0.015
Error 300.000 18 16.667
Total 46800.000 36
Corrected total 8122.222 35

sig value <0.05, then the treatment had an effect on the percentage (%) mortality of P. americana, and sig value >0.05, then the treatment showed no effect.

Table 3 shows that the type of main ingredient, ecoenzyme concentration, time after contact, interaction of type of main ingredient with ecoenzyme concentration, interaction of ecoenzyme concentration with time after contact and interaction of type of main ingredient; ecoenzyme concentration and time after contact have an effect on P. americana mortality. Only the interaction of the type of main ingredient with time after contact showed no effect on P. americana mortality.

The results of the analysis using multiple linear regression tests found that together, the type of main ingredient, concentration of ecoenzyme, and time after contact had an influence on the number of P. americana mortality. The statistical test results obtained p-value = 0.000, indicating the effect of concentration, time, and duration of contact on the number of P. americana death, as presented in Table 4.

Table 4

Results of multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 25 for Windows

Model R 2 B Beta T Sig.
1 (Constant) 0.868 −24.722 −3.993 0.000
Type of main ingredient 21.111 0.703 7.997 0.000
Ecoenzyme concentration 7.917 0.430 4.897 0.000
Time after contact 5.000 0.272 3.093 0.004

Table 4 shows the R 2 value of 0.868, meaning that the type of main ingredient, ecoenzyme concentration, and time after contact affect the mortality of P. americana by 86.8%, and the rest is influenced by other factors not included in the observation variables (other factors).

4 Discussion

Ecoenzyme is the product of fermentation of fruit and vegetable peels, molasses, and water [19,20]. Ecoenzymes contain complex organic substances of protein chains (enzymes), organic acids, and mineral salts that function to compose, decompose, transform, and catalyze [21,22]. Ecoenzymes also contain active microorganisms capable of producing enzymes, but during the fermentation process, active microorganisms in the ecoenzyme liquid will be selected according to the environment that supports their growth [23,24]. The ecoenzyme solution can be used by the public as a multi-purpose cleaning fluid for environmentally friendly plant fertilizer and plant pest control [25,26]. In this research, an ecoenzyme was made using the main ingredients of nutmeg leaf or flesh waste, then its characteristics were observed and its toxicity was tested on P. americana mortality.

The fermentation process affects the characteristics of the ecoenzyme, including color, smell, pH, temperature, and TDS. Before the fermentation process (Table 2), the ecoenzyme liquid had a clear brown color, smells of the raw materials used, had an acidic pH (5.97), a temperature of 28.3°C, and a TDS of 2,117 ppm. The acidic pH of the ecoenzyme can occur due to the use of molasses and raw materials (fruit peels), which tend to be acidic with a value range of 5.5–6.5 [27]. Ecoenzyme temperatures tend to be higher than room temperature; this is thought to be caused by the main ingredients in the form of leaf waste or nutmeg flesh, which tends to release heat after being in paste form [28]. The TDS value was also high due to the organic material content of fruit peels, clove leaves or nutmeg pulp, and molasses. In addition, molasses contributed to the high TDS value because it molasses contains sugar and organic acids that can be utilized as a source of nutrients in the fermentation process [29].

The ecoenzyme after the fermentation process (Table 2) showed a change in color and smell, namely yellowish brown made from nutmeg leaf waste and dark brown made from nutmeg pulp waste. The smell of both was fresh acid mixed with the distinctive smell of the main ingredients used. The fresh sour smell came from lactic acid and acetic acid products [30], while the distinctive smell of the main ingredients came from myristicin (nutmeg leaf and pulp waste). Essential oils in the nutmeg pulp contain myristicin and monoterpenes. Miristisin is classified into flavonols from flavonoid compounds, which are phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants [31]. After fermentation, there was a decrease in pH, temperature, and TDS. The decrease in pH is caused by the content of organic acids produced from the metabolic process of active microorganisms that are naturally present in the remaining ingredients used in the form of fruit scraps or vegetable scraps [32,33]. The decrease in temperature is thought to be due to the fact that after a long time (3 months) there is no longer any microorganism activity that releases heat and is also influenced by the changing room temperature. Meanwhile, the decreasing TDS value can equally occur because the fermentation residues in the form of organic materials that precipitate are separated with the ecoenzyme liquid [34]. The results of this study are in line with previous research, namely chemically the ecoenzyme is acidic with a pH between 3 and 4 and TDS >1,000 ppm [17], while a low pH was detected at room temperature after 3 months with a temperature range of 26–29°C [35]. Organoleptically, the ecoenzyme has a fresh sour smell typical of fermentation and was brown to dark brown in color [36].

The test results on the mortality of P. americana (Figure 2) showed that there was a significant effect of the type of main ingredient, the concentration of ecoenzyme, and the time after contact on the mortality of P. americana. Amethyst seeds (Datura metel) as a bioinsecticide gave positive effects on the mortality of P. americana. The calculation of the LSD further test obtained the highest concentration in the treatment (40%) was significantly different from the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 0% [36]. The percentage of American cockroach mortality at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively, are 11, 11, 22.22, 38.88, and 61.11% with an LC50 value of 2.63 × 105 ppm [13]. The higher the ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum), the higher the mortality of Periplaneta americana compared to other concentrations [37]. The three researchers are in line with the findings that the higher the concentration of ecoenzyme, the higher the mortality of P. americana. However, in this current study, the LC50 was found at 15% ecoenzyme concentration, which was lower than the previous studies.

Ecoenzyme with nutmeg as the main ingredient contains bioactive compounds, such as myristicin, essential oil, samin oil, protein, cellulose, resin, pentosan, starch, α-Pinen, β-Pinen, sabinen, and minerals [31]. Bioactive compounds contained in nutmeg leaf and pulp waste are also found in ecoenzymes due to the process of decomposing complex organic matter into simple ones by the activity of fermentation microorganisms. The higher the concentration of ecoenzyme, the higher the content of bioactive compounds contained therein, and this is the cause of death of P. americana. The mechanism of action of bioactive compounds contained in the ecoenzyme liquid is by emitting a distinctive smell, such as α-Pinen, β-Pinen, and sabinen, which are not favored by P. americana. In addition, bioactive compounds contained in the ecoenzyme liquid disrupt the hormone system in the insect’s body, block the insect’s feeding ability, and function as a neurotoxin for insects [38].

Time after contact is also a factor that influences insect mortality, and vegetable insecticides are most effective in the AT treatment (100%) 3 days after application. The fastest imago death time is in the AT treatment, which occurs in 1 day and the longest in treatment A1, which occurred in 2 days after application [39]. Bintaro leaf extract (Cerbera odollam Gaertn) was used to control A. gossypii with LC50 values at a concentration of 2166.63 ppm and LT50 at 16.71 h after application [6]. The botanical insecticide of Majapahit fruit has a very significant effect on the death of coconut plant pests, with an LT50 value at a Majapahit fruit extract concentration of 70% within 178 h [40]. Additionally, the neem leaf extract treatment achieved the highest mortality, of 100% at a concentration of 120 g/l, not significantly different from the 80 g/l neem leaf extract treatment with an LT50 value of 6.66 days, while in the B. bassiana fungus treatment the highest mortality was at a density of 109 conidia/ml reaching 87.5% with an LT50 value of 7.26 days [37]. The results of the research carried out showed that LT50 was found after 3 and 6 h of contact, meaning that LT50 using ecoenzymes with the main ingredient of nutmeg pulp waste was better than in the three previous studies.

The use of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg leaf or pulp waste, variations in ecoenzyme concentration and time after contact can be considered in eradicating P. americana. LC50 and LT50 were found in ecoenzymes made from nutmeg pulp waste, namely at concentrations of 10 and 15% at contact times of 3 and 6 h.

5 Conclusion

There is an effect of the type of main ingredient, concentration, time after contact, and the interaction of the three factors on the percentage of mortality of P. americana at LC50 and T50 found in the treatments E 2 K 2 T 2 (main ingredient of nutmeg pulp waste, 10% concentration, and time after contact 6 h) and E 2 K 3 T 1 (main ingredient of nutmeg pulp waste, 15% concentration, and time after contact 3 h), so that the ecoenzyme produced has the potential as a bioinsecticide of P. americana.

6 Suggestion

It is necessary to increase the variation of ecoenzyme concentration and length of contact time and apply it to other types of insects, such as borers on corn stalks or leafhoppers on rice.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the technicians and laboratory assistants of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang and the Biology Laboratory of Patimura University, who have assisted in analyzing the myristicin content and applying ecoenzymes to P. americana.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by the Institute for Research and Community Service, Ambon State Islamic Institute, Indonesia (LP2M-IAIN0307-24).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and consented to its submission to the journal, reviewed all the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. M.R.: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing of original draft; Surati: methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and writing of original draft; S.S.: formal analysis, translating, and review; Irmawanty: editing, reviewing, and translating; C.P.: formal analysis, methodology, and validation; A.A.: investigation, writing, review, and editing; S.I.: formal analysis, investigation, project administration, review, and editing; I.S.S.S.: formal analysis, resources, supervision, validation.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2024-06-30
Revised: 2024-08-07
Accepted: 2024-09-09
Published Online: 2024-12-12

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Supplementation of P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris improved soil fertility, P nutrient, growth, and yield of Cucumis melo L.
  3. Yield gap variation in rice cultivation in Indonesia
  4. Effects of co-inoculation of indole-3-acetic acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria on plant growth and nutrition, soil elements, and the relationships of soil microbiomes with soil physicochemical parameters
  5. Impact of mulching and planting time on spring-wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth: A combined field experiment and empirical modeling approach
  6. Morphological diversity, correlation studies, and multiple-traits selection for yield and yield components of local cowpea varieties
  7. Participatory on-farm evaluation of new orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Southern Ethiopia
  8. Yield performance and stability analysis of three cultivars of Gayo Arabica coffee across six different environments
  9. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different types of plants feeds: Potency as a pest on various agricultural plants
  10. Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice
  11. Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance
  12. Nicotinamide as a biostimulant improves soybean growth and yield
  13. Farmer’s willingness to accept the sustainable zoning-based organic farming development plan: A lesson from Sleman District, Indonesia
  14. Uncovering hidden determinants of millennial farmers’ intentions in running conservation agriculture: An application of the Norm Activation Model
  15. Mediating role of leadership and group capital between human capital component and sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions in Indonesia
  16. Biochar technology to increase cassava crop productivity: A study of sustainable agriculture on degraded land
  17. Effect of struvite on the growth of green beans on Mars and Moon regolith simulants
  18. UrbanAgriKG: A knowledge graph on urban agriculture and its embeddings
  19. Provision of loans and credit by cocoa buyers under non-price competition: Cocoa beans market in Ghana
  20. Effectiveness of micro-dosing of lime on selected chemical properties of soil in Banja District, North West, Ethiopia
  21. Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare
  22. Effects of selected biostimulants on qualitative and quantitative parameters of nine cultivars of the genus Capsicum spp.
  23. Growth, yield, and secondary metabolite responses of three shallot cultivars at different watering intervals
  24. Design of drainage channel for effective use of land on fully mechanized sugarcane plantations: A case study at Bone Sugarcane Plantation
  25. Technical feasibility and economic benefit of combined shallot seedlings techniques in Indonesia
  26. Control of Meloidogyne javanica in banana by endophytic bacteria
  27. Comparison of important quality components of red-flesh kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in different locations
  28. Efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas of East Java, Indonesia
  29. Comparative analysis of alpine agritourism in Trentino, Tyrol, and South Tyrol: Regional variations and prospects
  30. Detection of Fusarium spp. infection in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during postharvest storage through visible–near-infrared and shortwave–near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
  31. Forage yield, seed, and forage qualitative traits evaluation by determining the optimal forage harvesting stage in dual-purpose cultivation in safflower varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
  32. The influence of tourism on the development of urban space: Comparison in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City
  33. Optimum intra-row spacing and clove size for the economical production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia
  34. The role of organic rice farm income on farmer household welfare: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  35. Exploring innovative food in a developing country: Edible insects as a sustainable option
  36. Genotype by environment interaction and performance stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Dawuro zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
  37. Factors influencing green, environmentally-friendly consumer behaviour
  38. Factors affecting coffee farmers’ access to financial institutions: The case of Bandung Regency, Indonesia
  39. Morphological and yield trait-based evaluation and selection of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes suitable for both summer and winter seasons
  40. Sustainability analysis and decision-making strategy for swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabauesis) conservation in Jambi Province, Indonesia
  41. Understanding factors affecting rice purchasing decisions in Indonesia: Does rice brand matter?
  42. An implementation of an extended theory of planned behavior to investigate consumer behavior on hygiene sanitation-certified livestock food products
  43. Information technology adoption in Indonesia’s small-scale dairy farms
  44. Draft genome of a biological control agent against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal phytopathogen of spot blotch in wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum): Bacillus inaquosorum TSO22
  45. Assessment of the recurrent mutagenesis efficacy of sesame crosses followed by isolation and evaluation of promising genetic resources for use in future breeding programs
  46. Fostering cocoa industry resilience: A collaborative approach to managing farm gate price fluctuations in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
  47. Field investigation of component failures for selected farm machinery used in small rice farming operations
  48. Near-infrared technology in agriculture: Rapid, simultaneous, and non-destructive determination of inner quality parameters on intact coffee beans
  49. The synergistic application of sucrose and various LED light exposures to enhance the in vitro growth of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)
  50. Weather index-based agricultural insurance for flower farmers: Willingness to pay, sales, and profitability perspectives
  51. Meta-analysis of dietary Bacillus spp. on serum biochemical and antioxidant status and egg quality of laying hens
  52. Biochemical characterization of trypsin from Indonesian skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera
  53. Determination of C-factor for conventional cultivation and soil conservation technique used in hop gardens
  54. Empowering farmers: Unveiling the economic impacts of contract farming on red chilli farmers’ income in Magelang District, Indonesia
  55. Evaluating salt tolerance in fodder crops: A field experiment in the dry land
  56. Labor productivity of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia
  57. Cropping systems and production assessment in southern Myanmar: Informing strategic interventions
  58. The effect of biostimulants and red mud on the growth and yield of shallots in post-unlicensed gold mining soil
  59. Effects of dietary Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) seed meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  60. Analysis and structural characterization of the vid-pisco market
  61. Pseudomonas fluorescens SP007s enhances defense responses against the soybean bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
  62. A brief investigation on the prospective of co-composted biochar as a fertilizer for Zucchini plants cultivated in arid sandy soil
  63. Supply chain efficiency of red chilies in the production center of Sleman Indonesia based on performance measurement system
  64. Investment development path for developed economies: Is agriculture different?
  65. Power relations among actors in laying hen business in Indonesia: A MACTOR analysis
  66. High-throughput digital imaging and detection of morpho-physiological traits in tomato plants under drought
  67. Converting compression ignition engine to dual-fuel (diesel + CNG) engine and experimentally investigating its performance and emissions
  68. Structuration, risk management, and institutional dynamics in resolving palm oil conflicts
  69. Spacing strategies for enhancing drought resilience and yield in maize agriculture
  70. Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types
  71. Investigating Spodoptera spp. diversity, percentage of attack, and control strategies in the West Java, Indonesia, corn cultivation
  72. Yield stability of biofertilizer treatments to soybean in the rainy season based on the GGE biplot
  73. Evaluating agricultural yield and economic implications of varied irrigation depths on maize yield in semi-arid environments, at Birfarm, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
  74. Chemometrics for mapping the spatial nitrate distribution on the leaf lamina of fenugreek grown under varying nitrogenous fertilizer doses
  75. Pomegranate peel ethanolic extract: A promising natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, and novel approach to mitigate rancidity in used edible oils
  76. Transformative learning and engagement with organic farming: Lessons learned from Indonesia
  77. Tourism in rural areas as a broader concept: Some insights from the Portuguese reality
  78. Assessment enhancing drought tolerance in henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) ecotypes through sodium nitroprusside foliar application
  79. Edible insects: A survey about perceptions regarding possible beneficial health effects and safety concerns among adult citizens from Portugal and Romania
  80. Phenological stages analysis in peach trees using electronic nose
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  82. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. petal biomass: A green source of nanoparticles of multifarious potential
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  84. First evidence of microplastic pollution in mangrove sediments and its ingestion by coral reef fish: Case study in Biawak Island, Indonesia
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  86. Cereibacter sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 were used to solubilize insoluble P forms to improve P uptake, growth, and yield of rice in acidic and extreme saline soil
  87. Avocado peel by-product in cattle diets and supplementation with oregano oil and effects on production, carcass, and meat quality
  88. Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
  89. The acceptance of social media as a channel of communication and livestock information for sheep farmers
  90. Adaptation of rice farmers to aging in Thailand
  91. Combined use of improved maize hybrids and nitrogen application increases grain yield of maize, under natural Striga hermonthica infestation
  92. From aquatic to terrestrial: An examination of plant diversity and ecological shifts
  93. Statistical modelling of a tractor tractive performance during ploughing operation on a tropical Alfisol
  94. Participation in artisanal diamond mining and food security: A case study of Kasai Oriental in DR Congo
  95. Assessment and multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service values in Southwest China’s mountainous and hilly region
  96. Analysis of agricultural emissions and economic growth in Europe in search of ecological balance
  97. Bacillus thuringiensis strains with high insecticidal activity against insect larvae of the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera
  98. Technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java, Indonesia: A bootstrap data envelopment analysis
  99. Comparison between mycobiota diversity and fungi and mycotoxin contamination of maize and wheat
  100. Evaluation of cultivation technology package and corn variety based on agronomy characters and leaf green indices
  101. Exploring the association between the consumption of beverages, fast foods, sweets, fats, and oils and the risk of gastric and pancreatic cancers: Findings from case–control study
  102. Phytochemical composition and insecticidal activity of Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. extract on life span and biological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.)
  103. Land use management solutions in response to climate change: Case study in the central coastal areas of Vietnam
  104. Evaluation of coffee pulp as a feed ingredient for ruminants: A meta-analysis
  105. Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
  106. Harnessing synthetic microbial communities with nitrogen-fixing activity to promote rice growth
  107. Agronomic and economic benefits of rice–sweetpotato rotation in lowland rice cropping systems in Uganda
  108. Response of potato tuber as an effect of the N-fertilizer and paclobutrazol application in medium altitude
  109. Bridging the gap: The role of geographic proximity in enhancing seed sustainability in Bandung District
  110. Evaluation of Abrams curve in agricultural sector using the NARDL approach
  111. Challenges and opportunities for young farmers in the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2014–2020 of the Republic of Croatia
  112. Yield stability of ten common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at different sowing dates in Lubumbashi, South-East of DR Congo
  113. Effects of encapsulation and combining probiotics with different nitrate forms on methane emission and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics
  114. Phytochemical analysis of Bienertia sinuspersici extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  115. Evaluation of relative drought tolerance of grapevines by leaf fluorescence parameters
  116. Yield assessment of new streak-resistant topcross maize hybrids in Benin
  117. Improvement of cocoa powder properties through ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted alkalization
  118. Potential of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) leaf and pulp waste as bioinsecticides for Periplaneta americana
  119. Analysis of farm performance to realize the sustainability of organic cabbage vegetable farming in Getasan Semarang, Indonesia
  120. Revealing the influences of organic amendment-derived dissolved organic matter on growth and nutrient accumulation in lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.)
  121. Identification of viruses infecting sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) in Benin
  122. Assessing the soil physical and chemical properties of long-term pomelo orchard based on tree growth
  123. Investigating access and use of digital tools for agriculture among rural farmers: A case study of Nkomazi Municipality, South Africa
  124. Does sex influence the impact of dietary vitD3 and UVB light on performance parameters and welfare indicators of broilers?
  125. Design of intelligent sprayer control for an autonomous farming drone using a multiclass support vector machine
  126. Deciphering salt-responsive NB-ARC genes in rice transcriptomic data: A bioinformatics approach with gene expression validation
  127. Review Articles
  128. Impact of nematode infestation in livestock production and the role of natural feed additives – A review
  129. Role of dietary fats in reproductive, health, and nutritional benefits in farm animals: A review
  130. Climate change and adaptive strategies on viticulture (Vitis spp.)
  131. The false tiger of almond, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae): Biology, ecology, and control methods
  132. A systematic review on potential analogy of phytobiomass and soil carbon evaluation methods: Ethiopia insights
  133. A review of storage temperature and relative humidity effects on shelf life and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit and implications for nutrition insecurity in Ethiopia
  134. Green extraction of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) phytochemicals: Prospective strategies and roadblocks
  135. Potential influence of nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of carrot (Dacus carota L.) in Ethiopia: Systematic review
  136. Corn silk: A promising source of antimicrobial compounds for health and wellness
  137. State and contours of research on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Africa
  138. The potential of phosphorus-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria in agriculture: Present and future perspectives
  139. Minor millets: Processing techniques and their nutritional and health benefits
  140. Meta-analysis of reproductive performance of improved dairy cattle under Ethiopian environmental conditions
  141. Review on enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization: Strategies for optimal nutrient management
  142. The nutritional, phytochemical composition, and utilisation of different parts of maize: A comparative analysis
  143. Motivations for farmers’ participation in agri-environmental scheme in the EU, literature review
  144. Evolution of climate-smart agriculture research: A science mapping exploration and network analysis
  145. Short Communications
  146. Music enrichment improves the behavior and leukocyte profile of dairy cattle
  147. Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
  148. Corrigendum
  149. Corrigendum to “Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance”
  150. Corrigendum to “Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types”
  151. Special issue: Smart Agriculture System for Sustainable Development: Methods and Practices
  152. Construction of a sustainable model to predict the moisture content of porang powder (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) based on pointed-scan visible near-infrared spectroscopy
  153. FruitVision: A deep learning based automatic fruit grading system
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  156. Special Issue of The 4th International Conference on Food Science and Engineering (ICFSE) 2022 - Part II
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  158. Special Issue on FCEM - International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation - Part II
  159. Special Issue on FCEM – International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation: Message from the editor
  160. Fruit and vegetable consumption: Study involving Portuguese and French consumers
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https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0366
Keywords for this article
bioinsecticide; P. americana; nutmeg plant; concentration; contact time; ecoenzymes
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Supplementation of P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris improved soil fertility, P nutrient, growth, and yield of Cucumis melo L.
  3. Yield gap variation in rice cultivation in Indonesia
  4. Effects of co-inoculation of indole-3-acetic acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria on plant growth and nutrition, soil elements, and the relationships of soil microbiomes with soil physicochemical parameters
  5. Impact of mulching and planting time on spring-wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth: A combined field experiment and empirical modeling approach
  6. Morphological diversity, correlation studies, and multiple-traits selection for yield and yield components of local cowpea varieties
  7. Participatory on-farm evaluation of new orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Southern Ethiopia
  8. Yield performance and stability analysis of three cultivars of Gayo Arabica coffee across six different environments
  9. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different types of plants feeds: Potency as a pest on various agricultural plants
  10. Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice
  11. Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance
  12. Nicotinamide as a biostimulant improves soybean growth and yield
  13. Farmer’s willingness to accept the sustainable zoning-based organic farming development plan: A lesson from Sleman District, Indonesia
  14. Uncovering hidden determinants of millennial farmers’ intentions in running conservation agriculture: An application of the Norm Activation Model
  15. Mediating role of leadership and group capital between human capital component and sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions in Indonesia
  16. Biochar technology to increase cassava crop productivity: A study of sustainable agriculture on degraded land
  17. Effect of struvite on the growth of green beans on Mars and Moon regolith simulants
  18. UrbanAgriKG: A knowledge graph on urban agriculture and its embeddings
  19. Provision of loans and credit by cocoa buyers under non-price competition: Cocoa beans market in Ghana
  20. Effectiveness of micro-dosing of lime on selected chemical properties of soil in Banja District, North West, Ethiopia
  21. Effect of weather, nitrogen fertilizer, and biostimulators on the root size and yield components of Hordeum vulgare
  22. Effects of selected biostimulants on qualitative and quantitative parameters of nine cultivars of the genus Capsicum spp.
  23. Growth, yield, and secondary metabolite responses of three shallot cultivars at different watering intervals
  24. Design of drainage channel for effective use of land on fully mechanized sugarcane plantations: A case study at Bone Sugarcane Plantation
  25. Technical feasibility and economic benefit of combined shallot seedlings techniques in Indonesia
  26. Control of Meloidogyne javanica in banana by endophytic bacteria
  27. Comparison of important quality components of red-flesh kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in different locations
  28. Efficiency of rice farming in flood-prone areas of East Java, Indonesia
  29. Comparative analysis of alpine agritourism in Trentino, Tyrol, and South Tyrol: Regional variations and prospects
  30. Detection of Fusarium spp. infection in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during postharvest storage through visible–near-infrared and shortwave–near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
  31. Forage yield, seed, and forage qualitative traits evaluation by determining the optimal forage harvesting stage in dual-purpose cultivation in safflower varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
  32. The influence of tourism on the development of urban space: Comparison in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City
  33. Optimum intra-row spacing and clove size for the economical production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia
  34. The role of organic rice farm income on farmer household welfare: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  35. Exploring innovative food in a developing country: Edible insects as a sustainable option
  36. Genotype by environment interaction and performance stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Dawuro zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
  37. Factors influencing green, environmentally-friendly consumer behaviour
  38. Factors affecting coffee farmers’ access to financial institutions: The case of Bandung Regency, Indonesia
  39. Morphological and yield trait-based evaluation and selection of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes suitable for both summer and winter seasons
  40. Sustainability analysis and decision-making strategy for swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabauesis) conservation in Jambi Province, Indonesia
  41. Understanding factors affecting rice purchasing decisions in Indonesia: Does rice brand matter?
  42. An implementation of an extended theory of planned behavior to investigate consumer behavior on hygiene sanitation-certified livestock food products
  43. Information technology adoption in Indonesia’s small-scale dairy farms
  44. Draft genome of a biological control agent against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal phytopathogen of spot blotch in wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum): Bacillus inaquosorum TSO22
  45. Assessment of the recurrent mutagenesis efficacy of sesame crosses followed by isolation and evaluation of promising genetic resources for use in future breeding programs
  46. Fostering cocoa industry resilience: A collaborative approach to managing farm gate price fluctuations in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
  47. Field investigation of component failures for selected farm machinery used in small rice farming operations
  48. Near-infrared technology in agriculture: Rapid, simultaneous, and non-destructive determination of inner quality parameters on intact coffee beans
  49. The synergistic application of sucrose and various LED light exposures to enhance the in vitro growth of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)
  50. Weather index-based agricultural insurance for flower farmers: Willingness to pay, sales, and profitability perspectives
  51. Meta-analysis of dietary Bacillus spp. on serum biochemical and antioxidant status and egg quality of laying hens
  52. Biochemical characterization of trypsin from Indonesian skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera
  53. Determination of C-factor for conventional cultivation and soil conservation technique used in hop gardens
  54. Empowering farmers: Unveiling the economic impacts of contract farming on red chilli farmers’ income in Magelang District, Indonesia
  55. Evaluating salt tolerance in fodder crops: A field experiment in the dry land
  56. Labor productivity of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in Central Java Province, Indonesia
  57. Cropping systems and production assessment in southern Myanmar: Informing strategic interventions
  58. The effect of biostimulants and red mud on the growth and yield of shallots in post-unlicensed gold mining soil
  59. Effects of dietary Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) seed meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  60. Analysis and structural characterization of the vid-pisco market
  61. Pseudomonas fluorescens SP007s enhances defense responses against the soybean bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
  62. A brief investigation on the prospective of co-composted biochar as a fertilizer for Zucchini plants cultivated in arid sandy soil
  63. Supply chain efficiency of red chilies in the production center of Sleman Indonesia based on performance measurement system
  64. Investment development path for developed economies: Is agriculture different?
  65. Power relations among actors in laying hen business in Indonesia: A MACTOR analysis
  66. High-throughput digital imaging and detection of morpho-physiological traits in tomato plants under drought
  67. Converting compression ignition engine to dual-fuel (diesel + CNG) engine and experimentally investigating its performance and emissions
  68. Structuration, risk management, and institutional dynamics in resolving palm oil conflicts
  69. Spacing strategies for enhancing drought resilience and yield in maize agriculture
  70. Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types
  71. Investigating Spodoptera spp. diversity, percentage of attack, and control strategies in the West Java, Indonesia, corn cultivation
  72. Yield stability of biofertilizer treatments to soybean in the rainy season based on the GGE biplot
  73. Evaluating agricultural yield and economic implications of varied irrigation depths on maize yield in semi-arid environments, at Birfarm, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
  74. Chemometrics for mapping the spatial nitrate distribution on the leaf lamina of fenugreek grown under varying nitrogenous fertilizer doses
  75. Pomegranate peel ethanolic extract: A promising natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, and novel approach to mitigate rancidity in used edible oils
  76. Transformative learning and engagement with organic farming: Lessons learned from Indonesia
  77. Tourism in rural areas as a broader concept: Some insights from the Portuguese reality
  78. Assessment enhancing drought tolerance in henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) ecotypes through sodium nitroprusside foliar application
  79. Edible insects: A survey about perceptions regarding possible beneficial health effects and safety concerns among adult citizens from Portugal and Romania
  80. Phenological stages analysis in peach trees using electronic nose
  81. Harvest date and salicylic acid impact on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) properties under different humidity conditions
  82. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. petal biomass: A green source of nanoparticles of multifarious potential
  83. Use of different vegetation indices for the evaluation of the kinetics of the cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) growth based on multispectral images by UAV
  84. First evidence of microplastic pollution in mangrove sediments and its ingestion by coral reef fish: Case study in Biawak Island, Indonesia
  85. Physical and textural properties and sensory acceptability of wheat bread partially incorporated with unripe non-commercial banana cultivars
  86. Cereibacter sphaeroides ST16 and ST26 were used to solubilize insoluble P forms to improve P uptake, growth, and yield of rice in acidic and extreme saline soil
  87. Avocado peel by-product in cattle diets and supplementation with oregano oil and effects on production, carcass, and meat quality
  88. Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
  89. The acceptance of social media as a channel of communication and livestock information for sheep farmers
  90. Adaptation of rice farmers to aging in Thailand
  91. Combined use of improved maize hybrids and nitrogen application increases grain yield of maize, under natural Striga hermonthica infestation
  92. From aquatic to terrestrial: An examination of plant diversity and ecological shifts
  93. Statistical modelling of a tractor tractive performance during ploughing operation on a tropical Alfisol
  94. Participation in artisanal diamond mining and food security: A case study of Kasai Oriental in DR Congo
  95. Assessment and multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service values in Southwest China’s mountainous and hilly region
  96. Analysis of agricultural emissions and economic growth in Europe in search of ecological balance
  97. Bacillus thuringiensis strains with high insecticidal activity against insect larvae of the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera
  98. Technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java, Indonesia: A bootstrap data envelopment analysis
  99. Comparison between mycobiota diversity and fungi and mycotoxin contamination of maize and wheat
  100. Evaluation of cultivation technology package and corn variety based on agronomy characters and leaf green indices
  101. Exploring the association between the consumption of beverages, fast foods, sweets, fats, and oils and the risk of gastric and pancreatic cancers: Findings from case–control study
  102. Phytochemical composition and insecticidal activity of Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. extract on life span and biological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.)
  103. Land use management solutions in response to climate change: Case study in the central coastal areas of Vietnam
  104. Evaluation of coffee pulp as a feed ingredient for ruminants: A meta-analysis
  105. Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
  106. Harnessing synthetic microbial communities with nitrogen-fixing activity to promote rice growth
  107. Agronomic and economic benefits of rice–sweetpotato rotation in lowland rice cropping systems in Uganda
  108. Response of potato tuber as an effect of the N-fertilizer and paclobutrazol application in medium altitude
  109. Bridging the gap: The role of geographic proximity in enhancing seed sustainability in Bandung District
  110. Evaluation of Abrams curve in agricultural sector using the NARDL approach
  111. Challenges and opportunities for young farmers in the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2014–2020 of the Republic of Croatia
  112. Yield stability of ten common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at different sowing dates in Lubumbashi, South-East of DR Congo
  113. Effects of encapsulation and combining probiotics with different nitrate forms on methane emission and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics
  114. Phytochemical analysis of Bienertia sinuspersici extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
  115. Evaluation of relative drought tolerance of grapevines by leaf fluorescence parameters
  116. Yield assessment of new streak-resistant topcross maize hybrids in Benin
  117. Improvement of cocoa powder properties through ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted alkalization
  118. Potential of ecoenzymes made from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) leaf and pulp waste as bioinsecticides for Periplaneta americana
  119. Analysis of farm performance to realize the sustainability of organic cabbage vegetable farming in Getasan Semarang, Indonesia
  120. Revealing the influences of organic amendment-derived dissolved organic matter on growth and nutrient accumulation in lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.)
  121. Identification of viruses infecting sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) in Benin
  122. Assessing the soil physical and chemical properties of long-term pomelo orchard based on tree growth
  123. Investigating access and use of digital tools for agriculture among rural farmers: A case study of Nkomazi Municipality, South Africa
  124. Does sex influence the impact of dietary vitD3 and UVB light on performance parameters and welfare indicators of broilers?
  125. Design of intelligent sprayer control for an autonomous farming drone using a multiclass support vector machine
  126. Deciphering salt-responsive NB-ARC genes in rice transcriptomic data: A bioinformatics approach with gene expression validation
  127. Review Articles
  128. Impact of nematode infestation in livestock production and the role of natural feed additives – A review
  129. Role of dietary fats in reproductive, health, and nutritional benefits in farm animals: A review
  130. Climate change and adaptive strategies on viticulture (Vitis spp.)
  131. The false tiger of almond, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae): Biology, ecology, and control methods
  132. A systematic review on potential analogy of phytobiomass and soil carbon evaluation methods: Ethiopia insights
  133. A review of storage temperature and relative humidity effects on shelf life and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit and implications for nutrition insecurity in Ethiopia
  134. Green extraction of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) phytochemicals: Prospective strategies and roadblocks
  135. Potential influence of nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of carrot (Dacus carota L.) in Ethiopia: Systematic review
  136. Corn silk: A promising source of antimicrobial compounds for health and wellness
  137. State and contours of research on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Africa
  138. The potential of phosphorus-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria in agriculture: Present and future perspectives
  139. Minor millets: Processing techniques and their nutritional and health benefits
  140. Meta-analysis of reproductive performance of improved dairy cattle under Ethiopian environmental conditions
  141. Review on enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization: Strategies for optimal nutrient management
  142. The nutritional, phytochemical composition, and utilisation of different parts of maize: A comparative analysis
  143. Motivations for farmers’ participation in agri-environmental scheme in the EU, literature review
  144. Evolution of climate-smart agriculture research: A science mapping exploration and network analysis
  145. Short Communications
  146. Music enrichment improves the behavior and leukocyte profile of dairy cattle
  147. Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
  148. Corrigendum
  149. Corrigendum to “Bioinformatics investigation of the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds of rhizobacteria in inhibiting late embryogenesis abundant protein that induces drought tolerance”
  150. Corrigendum to “Composition and quality of winter annual agrestal and ruderal herbages of two different land-use types”
  151. Special issue: Smart Agriculture System for Sustainable Development: Methods and Practices
  152. Construction of a sustainable model to predict the moisture content of porang powder (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) based on pointed-scan visible near-infrared spectroscopy
  153. FruitVision: A deep learning based automatic fruit grading system
  154. Energy harvesting and ANFIS modeling of a PVDF/GO-ZNO piezoelectric nanogenerator on a UAV
  155. Effects of stress hormones on digestibility and performance in cattle: A review
  156. Special Issue of The 4th International Conference on Food Science and Engineering (ICFSE) 2022 - Part II
  157. Assessment of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid profiles and ratio of omega-6/omega-3 of white eggs produced by laying hens fed diets enriched with omega-3 rich vegetable oil
  158. Special Issue on FCEM - International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation - Part II
  159. Special Issue on FCEM – International Web Conference on Food Choice & Eating Motivation: Message from the editor
  160. Fruit and vegetable consumption: Study involving Portuguese and French consumers
  161. Knowledge about consumption of milk: Study involving consumers from two European Countries – France and Portugal
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