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Gas-phase surface alloying under “kinetic control”: A novel approach to improving the surface properties of titanium alloys

  • F. Ernst , G. M. Michal , F. Oba , L. Liu , J. Blush and A. H. Heuer
Published/Copyright: May 31, 2013
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 97 Issue 5

Abstract

A novel process, “nitridation under kinetic control of the nitrogen activity”, has been developed for diffusing substantial amounts (≍10at.%) of interstitially dissolved nitrogen into the surface of Ti alloys (Ti–6Al–4V). By operating with a gas phase providing a very small, controlled nitrogen activity, this process generates a homogeneous Ti–N solid solution, free of detrimental titanium nitride precipitates, in which the nitrogen concentration smoothly decreases from the surface towards the interior. The process is conformal (applicable to workpieces of arbitrary shape) and provides a substantial (about twofold) increase in surface hardness. The hardened surface layer appears to possess adequate ductility for many structural applications. The concept of “surface alloying under kinetic control” is very general and may also serve to generate well-controlled surface concentration profiles of carbon or oxygen in Ti-base and other structural alloys.

Keywords: Ti-alloys; Surface alloying; Nitridation; Surface hardness; Transmission electron microscopy; Focused ion beam
* Correspondence address: Prof. Frank Ernst, Dept. of Mater. Science and Engin., Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7204, USA, Tel.: +12163680611, Fax: +12163688932. E-mail:

Dedicated to Professor Dr. Fritz Aldinger on the occasion of his 65th birthday

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Received: 2005-11-24
Accepted: 2006-1-25
Published Online: 2013-05-31
Published in Print: 2006-05-01

© 2006, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Basic
  6. Three-dimensional printing of TiAl3/Al2O3 composites
  7. Microemulsion mediated synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3: possibilities, potential and perspectives
  8. Solid-State 17O NMR studies on Yttria-stabilized zirconia
  9. Twinning in ultrathin silicon nanowires
  10. Re-optimization of the Mg–Sb system under topological constraints
  11. Mg-rich phase equilibria of Mg–Mn–Zn alloys analyzed by computational thermochemistry
  12. The In–Pt–Sb phase diagram
  13. Thermodynamic evaluation of the Al–Cr–C system
  14. Thermodynamic description of the Ni–Si–Ti ternary system
  15. Enthalpies of formation measurements and thermodynamic description of the Ag–Cu–Zn system
  16. Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–Cr–O system for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials
  17. Subsolidus phase equilibria in the CeO2−x–SiO2–ZrO2 system: An experimental study
  18. Generalized Maugis–Dugdale model of an elastic cylinder in non-slipping adhesive contact with a stretched substrate
  19. Implications of linear relationships between local and macroscopic flow stresses in the composite model
  20. Applied
  21. Gas-phase surface alloying under “kinetic control”: A novel approach to improving the surface properties of titanium alloys
  22. Thin film formation by oriented attachment of polymer-capped nanocrystalline ZnO
  23. The sintering mechanism and microstructure evolution in SiC–AlN ceramics studiedby EFTEM
  24. Thermal evolution of free volumes and of crystallization in amorphous Si–B–C–N ceramics
  25. High-temperature deformation behavior of nanocrystalline precursor-derived Si–B–C–N ceramics in controlled atmosphere
  26. Nanopowder dispersion and spray-drying process: the case of Cr2O3
  27. Electroless deposition of brushite (CaHPO4 · 2H2O) crystals on Ti–6Al–4V at room temperature
  28. The role of chemisorbed anions in the aqueous processing of AlN powder
  29. The influence of porosity on the electrical properties of liquid-phase sintered silicon carbide
  30. Development of high-temperature thermoelectric materials based on SrTiO3-layered perovskites
  31. The influence of the preparation method on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3/TiN nanocomposites
  32. Infrared properties of sintered α-MnSe
  33. Quasi-equilibrium sintering of particle clusters containing Bernal holes
  34. Design of metal ceramic composites
  35. Notifications
  36. DGM News
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101277
Keywords for this article
Ti-alloys; Surface alloying; Nitridation; Surface hardness; Transmission electron microscopy; Focused ion beam

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Basic
  6. Three-dimensional printing of TiAl3/Al2O3 composites
  7. Microemulsion mediated synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3: possibilities, potential and perspectives
  8. Solid-State 17O NMR studies on Yttria-stabilized zirconia
  9. Twinning in ultrathin silicon nanowires
  10. Re-optimization of the Mg–Sb system under topological constraints
  11. Mg-rich phase equilibria of Mg–Mn–Zn alloys analyzed by computational thermochemistry
  12. The In–Pt–Sb phase diagram
  13. Thermodynamic evaluation of the Al–Cr–C system
  14. Thermodynamic description of the Ni–Si–Ti ternary system
  15. Enthalpies of formation measurements and thermodynamic description of the Ag–Cu–Zn system
  16. Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–Cr–O system for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials
  17. Subsolidus phase equilibria in the CeO2−x–SiO2–ZrO2 system: An experimental study
  18. Generalized Maugis–Dugdale model of an elastic cylinder in non-slipping adhesive contact with a stretched substrate
  19. Implications of linear relationships between local and macroscopic flow stresses in the composite model
  20. Applied
  21. Gas-phase surface alloying under “kinetic control”: A novel approach to improving the surface properties of titanium alloys
  22. Thin film formation by oriented attachment of polymer-capped nanocrystalline ZnO
  23. The sintering mechanism and microstructure evolution in SiC–AlN ceramics studiedby EFTEM
  24. Thermal evolution of free volumes and of crystallization in amorphous Si–B–C–N ceramics
  25. High-temperature deformation behavior of nanocrystalline precursor-derived Si–B–C–N ceramics in controlled atmosphere
  26. Nanopowder dispersion and spray-drying process: the case of Cr2O3
  27. Electroless deposition of brushite (CaHPO4 · 2H2O) crystals on Ti–6Al–4V at room temperature
  28. The role of chemisorbed anions in the aqueous processing of AlN powder
  29. The influence of porosity on the electrical properties of liquid-phase sintered silicon carbide
  30. Development of high-temperature thermoelectric materials based on SrTiO3-layered perovskites
  31. The influence of the preparation method on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3/TiN nanocomposites
  32. Infrared properties of sintered α-MnSe
  33. Quasi-equilibrium sintering of particle clusters containing Bernal holes
  34. Design of metal ceramic composites
  35. Notifications
  36. DGM News
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