Home TiNiSi-type EuPdBi
Article Open Access

TiNiSi-type EuPdBi

  • Trinath Mishra and Rainer Pöttgen ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 2, 2025

Abstract

EuPdBi, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 7.6860(10) Å, b = 4.8121(10) Å, c = 8.1149(10) Å, and V = 300.14(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0338, wRref(F2) = 0.0701, T = 293 K.

CCDC no.: 2433033

Table 1 contains the crystallographic data. The list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters can be found in the cif-file attached to this article.

Figure 1: 
View of the EuPdBi structure approximately along the b axis (left). Europium, palladium and bismuth atoms are drawn as medium grey, blue and magenta circles, respectively. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 99 % level. The three-dimensional [PdBi] network is emphasized. The right-hand drawing shows the europium coordination with relevant interatomic distances.
Figure 1:

View of the EuPdBi structure approximately along the b axis (left). Europium, palladium and bismuth atoms are drawn as medium grey, blue and magenta circles, respectively. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 99 % level. The three-dimensional [PdBi] network is emphasized. The right-hand drawing shows the europium coordination with relevant interatomic distances.

1 Source of material

Starting materials for the preparation of the EuPdBi sample were europium ingots (American Elements), palladium powder (Heraeus) and bismuth granules (Chempur), all with stated purities better than 99.9 %. The three elements were weighed in the ideal 1 : 1 : 1 atomic ratio and arc-welded 5 in a tantalum ampoule under an argon pressure of ca. 700 mbar. The argon was purified before with molecular sieves, silica gel, and titanium sponge (900 K). The tantalum tube was then placed in a water-cooled sample chamber of an induction furnace (Hüttinger Elektronik, Freiburg, Typ TIG 2.5/300), 6 rapidly heated to 1600 K and kept at that temperature for 5 min. After fast cooling to 1070 K, the sample was annealed for another 4 h followed by quenching through switching off the power supply. The temperature was controlled through a Sensor Therm Metis MS09 pyrometer with an accuracy of ±30 K. The ampoule was then sealed in an evacuated silica tube and annealed in a muffle furnace at 1070 K for two weeks. The silvery brittle sample exhibits metallic luster and could easily be separated from the tantalum tube. No reaction with the container material was evident. EuPdBi is stable in air over months.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal: Metallic silvery
Size: 0.04 × 0.04 × 0.02 mm
Wavelength: Ag Kα radiation (0.56086 Å)
μ: 46.0 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode: Enraf-Nonius CAD4, ω/2θ scan
θmax, completeness: 30.0°, 100 %
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint: 4032, 798, 0.107
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2σ(Iobs), 589
N(param)refined: 20
Programs: Enraf-Nonius, 1 , 2 SHELX 3 , 4

2 Experimental details

The polycrystalline EuPdBi sample was studied by X-ray powder diffraction: Enraf–Nonius FR552 Guinier camera, CuKα1 radiation and an image plate detection system. α–Quartz (a = 491.30 and c = 540.46 pm) was used as an internal standard. The refined lattice parameters were a = 7.695(1) Å, b = 4.8161(7) Å, c = 8.121(1) Å and V = 301.0(1) Å3.

Irregularly-shaped EuPdBi crystals with conchoidal fracture were selected from the carefully crushed annealed sample and glued to quartz fibres using bees-wax. The crystal quality was tested on a Buerger camera (equipped with an image plate detection system) through Laue photographs. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was performed at room temperature by use of an Enraf–Nonius CAD4 diffractometer with graphite monochromatized Ag radiation (λ = 56.086 pm) and a scintillation counter with pulse height discrimination. Scans were taken in the ω/2 θ mode. Ψ-scan data was used for an empirical absorption correction followed by a spherical absorption correction.

The starting atomic parameters were obtained via Direct Methods with SHELXS-97 3 and the structure was refined on F2 with the SHELXL-2019/1 software package 4 with anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. Refinement of the occupancy parameters in separate series of least-squares cycles revealed full occupancy for all sites, confirming the ideal composition EuPdBi (33.3 : 33.3 : 33.3). This is in agreement with an EDX analyses (Zeiss EVO® MA10 scanning electron microscope, EuF3, Pd and Bi as standards) of the studied crystal: 33 ± 2 at% Eu : 34 ± 2 at. % Pd : 33 ± 2 at.% Bi.

3 Discussion

EuPdBi crystallizes with the orthorhombic TiNiSi type structure, space group Pnma. So far, only the equiatomic bismuthides EuTBi (T = Cu, Ag, Au) and EuLiBi were reported. 7 , 8 , 9 All these phases crystallize with superstructure variants of the aristotype AlB2. The degree of distortion and puckering of the T3Bi3 hexagons depend on the radii ratios and the electron count. It is interesting to note that EuPdBi was predicted with high probability as a so-called half–Heusler phase from machine learning. 10 , 11 The synthesis conditions used in the present work, however, yield the TiNiSi type structure and this is compatible with the other EuTBi phases.

The palladium and bismuth atoms in the EuPdBi structure build up a three-dimensional [PdBi] network. Each palladium atom has distorted tetrahedral bismuth coordination with Pd–Bi distances ranging from 278–297 pm, comparable to the sum of the covalent radii 12 of 280 pm for Pd + Bi, indicating substantial covalent Pd–Bi bonding. It is evident from the Figure, that intra-layer Pd–Bi bonding is stronger than inter-layer Pd–Bi bonding. So far, only few RE x Pd y Bi z bismuthides are known 13 , 14 and most of them have only been characterized on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction data. The Pd–Bi distances can be compared to the refined crystal structures of Ca3Pd4Bi8 (279–302 pm Pd–Bi), 15 BaPd2Bi2 (272–283 pm Pd–Bi) 16 and SmRhBi (271–289 pm Pd–Bi). 17

The europium atoms are located between two puckered Pd3Bi3 hexagons. Within these Eu@Pd6Bi6 polyhedra, the europium atoms have shorter Eu–Pd distances of 325–330 pm. This is consistent with the course of the Pauling electronegativities (Pd: 2.20 and Bi: 2.02). 12 Keeping the three-dimensional [PdBi] network in mind, the electron counting in EuPdBi can in a first approximation be written as Euδ+[PdBi]δ, emphasizing the polyanionic character. Within the network, there are no Pd–Pd and Bi–Bi bonding interactions.

The strong puckering of the Pd3Bi3 hexagons has a drastic influence on the europium substructure. Instead of a 6 + 2 coordination like in the aristotype AlB2, the tilting of the Pd3Bi3 hexagons leads to a reduced 2 + 2 coordination and four europium atoms at much longer Eu–Eu distances. The EuPdBi crystal chemistry can be compared to isotypic EuPdPb (a = 7.524(2) Å, b = 4.760(2) Å, c = 8.268(2) Å, V = 296.1 Å) 18 which has a slightly lower electron count.

Summing up, EuPdBi is a new member in the large family of TiNiSi type intermetallics (>2000 entries in the Pearson data base 14 ). The size and electron count of the atoms forming the many polyanionic networks leads to different facets of distortions and chemical bonding. This is summarized in several review articles. 19 , 20 , 21


Corresponding author: Rainer Pöttgen, Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

We thank Dipl.–Ing. U. Ch. Rodewald and Dipl.–Ing. J. Kösters for the intensity data collection.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Use of large language models, AI and machine learning tools: Not relevant. The authors are able to think and act independently.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: All data is listed within the manuscript and the supplementary material, respectively.

References

1. CAD-4 EXPRESS. Enraf–Nonius; Delft: The Netherlands, 1994.Search in Google Scholar

2. Harms, K.; Wocadlo, S. XCAD4, Program for Processing CAD-4 Diffractometer Data; University of Marburg: Marburg, Germany, 1995.Search in Google Scholar

3. Sheldrick, G.M. Phase Annealing in SHELX-90: Direct Methods for Larger Structures. Acta Crystallogr. 1990, A46, 467–473; https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767390000277.Search in Google Scholar

4. Sheldrick, G.M. Crystal Structure Refinement with SHELXL. Acta Crystallogr. 2015, C71, 3–8; https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218.Search in Google Scholar

5. Pöttgen, R.; Gulden, T.; Simon, A. Miniaturisierte Lichtbogenapparatur für den Laborbedarf. GIT Labor–Fachzeitschrift 1999, 43, 133–136.Search in Google Scholar

6. Kußmann, D.; Hoffmann, R.-D.; Pöttgen, R. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of CaCuGe, CaAuIn, and CaAuSn – Three Different Superstructures of the KHg2 Type. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1998, 624, 1727–1735; https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(1998110)624:11<1727::aid-zaac1727>3.0.co;2-0.10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(1998110)624:11<1727::AID-ZAAC1727>3.0.CO;2-0Search in Google Scholar

7. Tomuschat, C.; Schuster, H.-U. Z. Naturforsch. 1981, 36b, 1193–1194.10.1515/znb-1981-0929Search in Google Scholar

8. Merlo, F.; Pani, M.; Fornasini, M.L. J. Less–Common Met. 1990, 166, 319–327; https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90014-b.Search in Google Scholar

9. Albering, J.H.; Ebel, T.; Jeitschko, W. Z. Kristallogr. 1997, Suppl. 12, 242.Search in Google Scholar

10. Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, J. International Centre for Diffraction Data and American Society for Metals Database Survey of Thermoelectric Half–Heusler Material Systems. Powder Diffr. 2013, 28, 32–43; https://doi.org/10.1017/s0885715612000942.Search in Google Scholar

11. Legrain, F.; Carrete, J.; van Roekeghem, A.; Madsen, G.K.H.; Mingo, N. Materials Screening for the Discovery of New Half–Heuslers: Machine Learning versus Ab Initio Methods. J. Phys. Chem. B 2018, 625–632; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05296.Search in Google Scholar

12. Emsley, J. The Elements; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

13. Pöttgen, R.; Johrendt, D. Equiatomic Intermetallic Europium Compounds: Syntheses, Crystal Chemistry, Chemical Bonding, and Physical Properties. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 875–897; https://doi.org/10.1021/cm991183v.Search in Google Scholar

14. Villars, P.; Cenzual, K. Pearson’s Crystal Data: Crystal Structure Database for Inorganic Compounds (Release 2023/24); ASM International®: Materials Park, Ohio (USA), 2023.Search in Google Scholar

15. Johrendt, D.; Mewis, A. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2002, 628, 2671–2674; https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3749(200212)628:12<2671::aid-zaac2671>3.0.co;2-s.10.1002/1521-3749(200212)628:12<2671::AID-ZAAC2671>3.0.CO;2-SSearch in Google Scholar

16. Frik, L.; Johrendt, D.; Mewis, A. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2006, 632, 1513–1517.Search in Google Scholar

17. Haase, M.G.; Schmidt, T.; Richter, C.G.; Block, H.; Jeitschko, W. Equiatomic Rare Earth (Ln) Transition Metal Antimonides LnTSb (T = Rh, Ir) and Bismuthides LnTBi (T = Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt). J. Solid State Chem. 2002, 168, 18–27; https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2002.9670.Search in Google Scholar

18. Heletta, L.; Klenner, S.; Block, T.; Pöttgen, R. Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Plumbide EuPdPb. Z. Naturforsch. 2017, 72b, 989–994; https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2017-0166.Search in Google Scholar

19. Nuspl, G.; Polborn, K.; Evers, J.; Landrum, G.A.; Hoffmann, R. The Four-Connected Net in the CeCu2 Structure and its Ternary Derivatives. Its Electronic and Structural Properties. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 6922–6932; https://doi.org/10.1021/ic9602557.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Hoffmann, R.-D.; Pöttgen, R. AlB2 Related Intermetallic Compounds – A Comprehensive View Based on Group-Subgroup Relations. Z. Kristallogr. 2001, 216, 127–145.10.1524/zkri.216.3.127.20327Search in Google Scholar

21. Bojin, M.D.; Hoffmann, R. The RE M E Phases I. An Overview of Their Structural Variety. Helv. Chim. Acta 2003, 86, 1653–1682; https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200390140.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2025-02-17
Accepted: 2025-03-21
Published Online: 2025-04-02
Published in Print: 2025-06-26

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. New Crystal Structures
  3. Crystal structure of 5,5′-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2′-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole), C16H4N10O14
  4. Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ3-4,4′-oxydibenzoato- κ5 O,O: O,O:O)-bis(2,4,6-tri(3-pyridine)-1,3,5-triazine-κ1 N)cadmium(II)], C50H32CdN12O5
  5. The crystal structure of 1,4-diazepane-1,4-diium potassium trinitrate, C5H14KN5O9
  6. The crystal structure of benzyl 2,2,5,5-tetramethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylate, C15H21NO2S
  7. Crystal structure of 2-hydroxyethyl-triphenylphosphonium tetracyanidoborate, C24H20BN4OP
  8. The crystal structure of 1-methyl-3-(N-methylnitrous amide–N-methylene) imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione
  9. Crystal structure of N-((3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)carbamoyl)-2,6-difluorobenzamide, C20H7Cl2F8N5O3S
  10. Crystal structure of 5-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-5-methylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a] isoquinolin-6(5H)-one, C20H18F2N2O
  11. The crystal structure of N′,N″-[1,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diylidene]bis(furan-2- carbohydrazide), C24H16Cl2N4O4
  12. Crystal structure of [(4-bromobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium] tetrabromoantimony(III), [C25H21BrP]+[SbBr4]
  13. Crystal structure of [(4-bromobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium] tetrabromidoindium(III), [C25H21BrP]+[InBr4]
  14. The crystal structure of 4-carboxy-2-oxobutan-1-aminium chloride, C5H10ClNO3
  15. Crystal structure of (4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl)ferrocene, C21H16ClFeNO
  16. The crystal structure of dichlorido(η6-p-cymene)(triphenylarsine)ruthenium(II), C28H29AsCl2Ru
  17. Crystal structure of (Z)-2-hydroxy-N′-(1-(o-tolyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide, C16H16N2O2
  18. The crystal structure of 10-(1-bromoethyl)-14-(bromomethyl)dibenzo[a, c]acridine, C24H17NBr2
  19. Synthesis and crystal structure of 6-methoxy-7-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, C18H16O5
  20. Synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl 4-((4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amino)benzo, C17H16F3NO2
  21. The crystal structure of (Z)-2-(tert-butyl)-6-(7-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-2-ylidene)-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one, C23H28O2S
  22. The crystal structure of (R)-2-aminobutanamide hydrochloride, C4H11ClN2O
  23. Crystal structure of bromido[hydridotris(3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylpyrazolyl)borato-κ3 N,N′,N″]copper(II), C30H52BBrCuN6
  24. Crystal structure of chlorido{hydridotris[3-mesityl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN3]borato}-copper(II) dichloromethane monosolvate
  25. Crystal structure of 4-[3,5-bis(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridine, C14H19N3
  26. Crystal structure of ((4-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl)ferrocene, C21H16BrFeNO
  27. Crystal structure of [(4-chlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium] dichloridocopper(I), {[C25H21ClP]+[CuCl2]}n
  28. The crystal structure of {Cu(2,9-diisopropyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)[4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene]}+ PF6·1.5(EtOAC)
  29. Crystal structure of 3,5-bis(t-butyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine, C11H21N3
  30. Crystal structure of [(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium] trichloridocopper(II), [C25H20Cl2P]+[CuCl3]
  31. The crystal structure of dipotassium sulfide, K2S
  32. Crystal structure of (4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl)ferrocene, C22H19FeNO2
  33. Crystal structure of (E)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-3, 4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C23H23F3N2O
  34. Crystal structure of (E)-6-morpholino-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C22H20F3NO2
  35. Crystal structure of Ce9Ir37Ge25
  36. The crystal structure of ethyl 6-(2-nitrophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylate, C14H11N3O4S
  37. Crystal structure of (4-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)(ferrocenyl)methanone, C24H23FeNO
  38. Crystal structure of bis(methylammonium) tetrathiotungstate(VI), (CH3NH3)2[WS4]
  39. Crystal structure of 6,11-dihydro-12H-benzo[e]indeno[1,2-b]oxepin-12-one, C17H12O2
  40. Crystal structure of 3-[(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4- oxadiazole-2-thione, C18H19N3OS2
  41. Crystal structure of N-isopropyl-1,8-naphthalimide C15H13NO2
  42. TiNiSi-type EuPdBi
  43. Crystal structure of 1-(p-tolylphenyl)-4-(2-thienoyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol, C16H14N2O2S
  44. The crystal structure of 3-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-nitro-1H-pyrrole 1-oxide, C7H9N3O5
  45. The crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetato-k2O:N)-tetrakis(2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetato-k1N)trizinc(II) hexahydrate C36H52N18O32Zn3
  46. The crystal structure of 4-(3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate monohydrate, C25H30FN3O9
  47. Crystal structure of bis(DL-1-carboxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-aminium) oxalate — acetic acid (1/2)
  48. Crystal structure of methyl (E)-4-((4-methylphenyl)sulfonamido)but-2-enoate, C12H15NO4S
  49. The crystal structure of actarit, C10H11NO3
  50. The crystal structure of bicyclol, C19H18O9
  51. The crystal structure of topiroxostat, C13H8N6
  52. Crystal structure of 2,2-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(4-p-tolylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide, C13H12Cl2N2OS
  53. Crystal structure of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-7-coumarinyl trifluoromethanesulfonate C11H4F6O5S
  54. Crystal structure of (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-κ6O6)-((Z)-N,N′-bis(2-(dimethylamino)phenyl)carbamimidato-κ1N)potassium(I)
  55. Crystal structure of (Z)-2-(5-((4-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid, C18H16N2O3S2
  56. Crystal structure of (4-fluorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide, C25H21BrFP
  57. The crystal structure of dichlorido-[6-(pyridin-2-yl)phenanthridine-κ2N, N′]zinc(II)-chloroform (1/1), C19H13N2ZnCl5
  58. Crystal structure of (E)-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acryloyl)ferrocene, C19H14Cl2FeO
  59. The crystal structure of (E)-7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)quinolin-4(1H)-one, C19H14ClFN2O2
  60. Crystal structure of 2-bromo-11-(((fluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide, C16H13BrFNO4S2
  61. Crystal structure of 2-chloro-11-(((fluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide, C16H13ClFNO4S2
  62. Crystal structure of 5-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-5-methyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-3-carbonitrile, C20H15F2N3O
Downloaded on 17.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ncrs-2025-0079/html
Scroll to top button