Startseite Technik Effect of aligned magnetic field on Casson fluid flow over a stretched surface of non-uniform thickness
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Effect of aligned magnetic field on Casson fluid flow over a stretched surface of non-uniform thickness

  • R. Saravana EMAIL logo , M. Sailaja und R. Hemadri Reddy
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. Juli 2018
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Abstract

In the study, we inspect the impact of cross diffusion and aligned magnetic field on Casson fluid flow along a stretched surface of variable thickness. The differential equations explaining the flow situation have been transitioned with the succor of suited transfigurations. The solution of the problem is achieved by using bvp5c Matlab package. From the solution, it is perceived that the flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the sundry physical quantities. Results explored for the flow over a uniform and a non-uniform thickness surfaces. The influence of emerging parameters on the flow, energy and mass transport are discussed with graphical and tabular results. Results show that the thermal, flow and species boundary layers are uneven for the flow over a uniform and non-uniform thickness stretched surfaces.

1 Introduction

The convective mass and heat transfer past a stretched surface plays an essential part in modern industries for intends of reliable apparatus. The researchers showing distinct fascination on mass and heat transfer in non-Newtonian flows because of its significance in the recent applications and technology in thermal engineering and in addition other astrophysical and geophysical studies. Rashidi et al. [1] analytically studied the thermal radiation effect on micropolar fluid flow between porous medium. Bhattacharya et al. [2] extended this work by considering the flow towards a porous shrinking surface. The mass and heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic flow past a flat plate with heat source/sink was presented by Chamkha et al. [3]. MHD viscous flow past an infinite vertical plate with constant mass flux has been reported by Saravana et al. [4]. Alam et al. [5] illustrated the impacts of thermophoresis and variable suction on MHD mass and heat transfer flow towards an inclined plate with thermal radiation.

The effects of cross diffusion on chemically reacting MHD flow past a permeable stretched surface with Brownian motion and thermophoresis was numerically analyzed by Kandasamy et al. [6]. Unsteady liquid film flow of pseudo-plastic nanoliquid with viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity was studied by Lin et al. [7]. The analytical investigation of multi and single-phase models used for the reduction of nanofluid flow was studied by Turkyilmazoglu [8]. A chemical reaction and transpiration effect on magnetohydrodynamic flow over a wedge was theoretically investigated by Kandasamy et al. [9]. An analytical investigation for chemically reacting MHD flow towards a surface was proposed by Ouaf [10]. A variable temperature effect on mixed convection flow over a wedge was presented by Hossain et al. [11]. MHD flow and heat transfer over an isothermal sheet with chemical reaction effect was proposed by Kabeir et al. [12]. Chemical reaction and thermal radiation effects on MHD flow past a permeable stretched surface by considering suction was discussed by Mohankrishna et al. [13]. MHD viscous flow past an expanding surface was analytically studied by Turkyilmazoglu [14]. Sandeep and Sulochana [15] numerically studied the mixed convection micropolar fluid flow towards an expanding/contracting surface with non-uniform heat source/sink.

MHD heat transfer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid past a shrinking surface was numerically explained by Akbar et al. [16]. A theoretical investigation on heat transfer and Carreau liquid flow was done by Jenny [17]. Mixed convection flow over a rotating cone was numerically studied by Anilkumar and Roy [18]. A new buoyancy induced model of Al-water nanofluid over a parabolic region was numerically studied by Sandeep and Animasaun [19]. Further, they extended their work by considering the flow over a stagnation region [20]. Chankha et al. [21] discussed the effect of thermal radiation on the flow over a wedge filled with porous medium. Cross diffusion effects on the MHD non-Newtonian fluid flows over a parabolic region was presented by Kumaran and Sandeep [22]. Koriko et al. [23] studied the flow over upper flat surface of a paraboloid of revolution with of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Very recently, the reserchers [24, 25, 26] investigated the MHD flow over various flow geometries by considering the thermal radiation and Cattenao-Christov heat flux.

By keeping the above references in view, In this paper, we inspect the impact of cross diffusion and aligned magnetic field on magneto hydrodynamic Casson fluid. The flow is considered beside a stretched surface of variable thickness. The governing partial differential equations of the flow, heat and mass transfer are transformed into ODE’s equations solved numerically by using bvp5c Matlab package. From the solution, it is perceived that the flow, concentration and temperature fields are affected by the sundry physical quantities.

2 Formulation of the problem

A steady 2D flow of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over a slendering stretched sheet is considered. The x-axis is considered along the sheet and the y-axis is perpendicular to it. It is supposed that y=A(x+b)1m2,uw(x) = (x + b)mU0, vw = 0, m ≠ 1. This study induced magnetic field is neglected. Combined influence of Soret and Dufour impacts are considered. An aligned magnetic field of strength B0 is employed as depicted in Fig. 1 at different angles. In this study, m ≠ 1 deals with the slendering sheet and m = 1 deals with the uniform thickness sheet.

Fig. 1 Physical Model
Fig. 1

Physical Model

With the above assumptions, the governing equations can be expressed as (refer [27])

ux+uy=0,(1)
uux+vuy=v(1+1β)2uy2σB2(x)sin2αρu,(2)
uTx+vTy=kρCp2Ty2+DmkTCsCp2Cy2,(3)
uCx+vCy=Dm2Cy2+DmkTTm2Ty2,(4)

with the conditions

u=Uw(x)+h1(uy),v=0,T=Tw(x)+h2(Ty),C=Cw(x)+h3(Cy)andu()=0,T()=T,C()=C}(5)

where

h1=[2f1f1]ξ1(x+b)1m2,(6)
h2=[2aa]ξ2(x+b)1m2,(7)
h3=[2dd]ξ3(x+b)1m2,(8)
TwT=T0(x+b)1m2(9)

we now suggest the following similarity transformations:

ψ=f(η)(2m+1νU0(x+b)m+1)0.5(10)
η=y(m+12U0(x+b)m1υ)0.5,(11)
θ(Tw(x)T)T=T(12)

If stream function ψ be described as u=ψy andv = ψx

u=U0(x+b)mf(η)(13)

with the help of (12), (13), equations (2)-(4) converted as

(1+β1)f+ff2mm+1f2Msin2αf=0,(14)
θ+Prfθ+PrDuϕPr1mm+1fθ=0,(15)
ϕSc1mm+1fϕ+Scfϕ+ScSrθ=0,(16)

and the corresponding conditions are

f(0)=λ(1mm+1)[1+h1f(0)],f(0)=[1+h1f(0)],θ(0)=[1+h2θ(0)],ϕ(0)=[1+h3ϕ(0)],f=0,θ=0,ϕ=0asη}(17)

where Λ, M, Pr, Du, Sc, Sr are defined as

Λ=Γ(x+b)3m1ν1(m+1)U03,M=2σB02ρU0(m+1),Pr=μCpk,Du=DmkT(CwC)νCsCp(TwT),Sc=νDm,Sr=DmkT(TwT)νTm(CwC)}(18)

The physical quantities of engineering interest, the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are given by Cf=2μuyρUw2

Shx=(x+d)CyCw(x)C(19)

BNux=(x+b)TyTw(x)Ty using (5), (19) becomes

Cf(Rex)0.5=2(m+12)0.5((1+β1)f(0)+Λf2(0)),Nux=(m+12)0.5(Rex)0.5θ(0),Shx=(m+12)0.5(Rex)0.5ϕ(0)}(20)

Where Rex=UwXνandX=(x+b)

Discussion of the results

The set of ODEs (14)-(16) with the conditions (17) is numerically solved by employing bvp5c technique. For computational purposes, the pertinent parameter values considered as Sc = 0.2, Pr = 6, β = 0.5, M = 3, Sr = 0.3, γ = π/3, h1 = h2 = h3 = 0.5, Du = 0.2, λ = 0.2. These values are kept as common in the entire study exclude the varied values as shown in respective tables and figures.

Figs. 2-4 explored the impact of M on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions of the flow over a variable and uniform thickness stretched surfaces. We observed that the increasing values of the M suppresses the velocity field and boost the concentration and thermal fields in both cases. It is also observed that the influence of the M is large on the flow past a uniform thickness sheet when compared to variable thickness sheet. Physically, rising values of the M develop the negative force to the flow field known as Lorentz force. This leads to decline the velocity boundary layer thickness. The similar results have been observed in Figs. 5-7 for rising values of the aligned angle. This may be due to the fact that the increasing the aligned angle, strengthen the M hence develop the resistive force.

Fig. 2 Influence of M on velocity field
Fig. 2

Influence of M on velocity field

Fig. 3 Influence of M on temperature field
Fig. 3

Influence of M on temperature field

Fig. 4 Influence of M on concentration field
Fig. 4

Influence of M on concentration field

Fig. 5 Influence of α on velocity field
Fig. 5

Influence of α on velocity field

Fig. 6 Influence of α on temperature field
Fig. 6

Influence of α on temperature field

Fig. 7 Influence of α on concentration field
Fig. 7

Influence of α on concentration field

The impacts of Soret number on thermal and concentration fields are depicted in Figs. 8 and 9. It is clear that the boosting value of Sr enhances both the concentration and temperature fields. But we noticed an opposite trend to above in the concentration field for improving values of the Dufour number (See Figs. 10 and 11). Physically, the Soret and Dufour effects are a combined effect, which regulates the concentration and thermal fields. The effects of Casson parameter on concentration and temperature fields are depicted in Figs. 12 and 13. It is observed that the increasing value of the Casson parameter enhances the concentration and temperature fields in both cases. Generally, increasing values of the Casson parameter reduce the viscous nature of the flow field. This leads to increase the temperature and mass fields.

Fig. 8 Influence of Sr on temperature field
Fig. 8

Influence of Sr on temperature field

Fig. 9 Influence of Sr on concentration field
Fig. 9

Influence of Sr on concentration field

Fig. 10 Influence of Du on temperature field
Fig. 10

Influence of Du on temperature field

Fig. 11 Influence of Du on concentration field
Fig. 11

Influence of Du on concentration field

Fig. 12 Influence of β on temperature field
Fig. 12

Influence of β on temperature field

Fig. 13 Influence of β on concentration field
Fig. 13

Influence of β on concentration field

The effects of dimensionless velocity slip parameter on f′(η), θ (η) and ϕ(η) fields are shown in Figs. 14-16. It is clear that the increasing value of velocity slip parameter decline f′(η) and boosts the. It is evident from Figs. 15 and 16 that the slip influence is highly on θ (η) and. The impact of concentration and temperature slip parameters of thermal and concentration fields is depicted in Figs. 17-20. It is clear that the increasing values of h2 and h3 depreciate both θ (η) and ϕ (η) fields in both cases.

Fig. 14 Influence of h1 on velocity field
Fig. 14

Influence of h1 on velocity field

Fig. 15 Influence of h1 on temperature field
Fig. 15

Influence of h1 on temperature field

Fig. 16 Influence of h1 on concentration field
Fig. 16

Influence of h1 on concentration field

Fig. 17 Influence of h2 on temperature field
Fig. 17

Influence of h2 on temperature field

Fig. 18 Influence of h2 on concentration field
Fig. 18

Influence of h2 on concentration field

Fig. 19 Influence of h3 on temperature field
Fig. 19

Influence of h3 on temperature field

Fig. 20 Influence of h3 on concentration field
Fig. 20

Influence of h3 on concentration field

Tables 1 and 2 shows the variation in the wall friction, reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at different pertinent parameters. It is clear that the increasing values of M, α, Sr, β and h1 suppresses the mass and heat transfer rate of the flows past a uniform and variable thickness stretching sheets. Increasing values of the Dufour number and temperature slip parameter declines Nusselt number and enhances the Sherwood number. But concentration slip parameter shows the opposite trend to the above. Varying values of the Soret, Dufour numbers, velocity and temperature slips is not showing a significant influence on wall friction, while M have tendency to decline the skin friction coefficient. Table 3. Shows the validation of numerical technique with the Newtonian fluid.

Table 1

Variations in physical quantities for the flow over a variable thickness sheet

MSrDuα0βh1h2h3CfNuxShx
1−0.5051400.4955390.582760
2−0.5889850.4662460.549117
3−0.6529360.4416280.520833
0.5−0.6529360.4293270.442860
1.0−0.6529360.4020050.266693
1.5−0.6529360.3788170.113314
0.5−0.6529360.2824060.581449
1.0−0.6529360.0580350.668925
1.5−0.652936−0.1267250.743023
30−0.5051400.4955390.582760
45−0.5889850.4662460.549117
60−0.6529360.4416280.520833
0.5−0.6529360.4416280.520833
1.0−0.7425970.4036420.477147
1.5−0.7844710.3849370.455596
0.2−0.8283350.4885210.575301
0.4−0.7020130.4557750.537274
0.6−0.6105650.4286580.505754
0.5−0.6529360.4416280.520833
1.0−0.6529360.3372750.552628
1.5−0.6529360.2728120.572269
0.5−0.6529360.4416280.520833
1.0−0.6529360.4599200.388086
1.5−0.6529360.4707820.309263

Table 2

Variations in physical quantities for the flow over a uniform thickness sheet

MSrDuα0βh1h2h3CfNuxShx
1-0.5211030.4628190.472203
2-0.5996330.4311940.440696
3-0.6606500.4047060.414282
0.5-0.6606500.3933740.346888
1.0-0.6606500.3686330.195334
1.5-0.6606500.3480830.064136
0.5-0.6606500.2458530.470118
1.0-0.6606500.0235720.550903
1.5-0.660650-0.1583440.619420
30-0.5211030.4628190.472203
45-0.5996330.4311940.440696
60-0.6606500.4047060.414282
0.5-0.6606500.4047060.414282
1.0-0.7496090.3639670.373563
1.5-0.7910640.3446140.354158
0.2-0.8426790.4509780.460942
0.4-0.7113360.4185630.428264
0.6-0.6170330.3920840.401538
0.5-0.6606500.4047060.414282
1.0-0.6606500.3237050.437529
1.5-0.6606500.2697210.453023
0.5-0.6606500.4047060.414282
1.0-0.6606500.4202150.323921
1.5-0.6606500.4301700.265920

Table 3

Validation of the results of f″(0) with Ref. [26] for Newtonain Case

λh1Ref. [26]Present Results
0.20−0.924828−0.9248291230
0.250.2−0.733395−0.7333964851
0.50.2−0.759570−0.7595702140

Numerical Procedure (bvp5c)

Bvp5c is a one of the boundary value problem solver in Matlab package. The bvp5c function is used exactly like bvp4c, with the exception of the meaning of error tolerances between the two solvers. If S(x) approximates the solution y(x), bvp4c controls the residual |S′(x)–f(x, S(x))|. This controls indirectly the true error |y(x)–S(x)|. bvp5c controls the true error directly.

3 Conclusions

The influence of cross diffusion and aligned magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid is investigated theoretically along a stretched surface of variable thickness. The differential equations explaining the flow situation have been transitioned with the succor of suited transfigurations. The solution of the problem is achieved by using bvp5c Matlab package. From the solution, it is perceived that the flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the sundry physical quantities. Results explored for the flow over a uniform and a non-uniform thickness surfaces. The numerical observations are as follows:

  1. The thermal and concentration boundary thicknesses are non-uniform for the flow over a uniform and variable thickness stretched surfaces.

  2. The heat and mass transfer rate is high in the flow over a variable thickness surface when compared to the uniform thickness surface.

  3. Aligned magnetic field regulates the flow, thermal and concentration fields.

  4. Casson parameter has tended to decline the heat and mass transfer rate.

  5. Cross diffusion regulates the temperature and concentration fields.

  6. Slip parameters monitor the heat and mass transfer performance.

Nomenclature

u, v

Velocity components in xandydirections (m/s)

x

Direction along the surface (m)

y

Direction normal to the surface (m)

Cp

Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J/kg K)

f

Dimensionless velocity

A

constant related to stretching sheet

B(x)

Magnetic field parameter (kg/s2 A)

T

Temperature of the fluid (K)

k

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

Dm

Molecular diffusivity of the species concentration (m2/s)

kT

Thermal diffusion ratio (m2/s)

Cs

Concentration susceptibility

C

Concentration of the fluid (mol/m3)

Tm

Mean fluid temperature (K)

T

Temperature of the fluid in the free stream (K)

C

Concentration of the fluid in the free stream (K)

h1

Dimensional velocity slip parameter

h2

Dimensional temperature jump parameter

h3

Dimensional concentration jump parameter

a

Thermal accommodation coefficient

b

Physical parameter related to stretching sheet

d

Concentration accommodation coefficient

m

Velocity power index parameter

Pr

Prandtl number

M

Magnetic interaction parameter

Du

Dufour number

Sc

Schmidt number

Sr

Soret number

h1

Dimensionless velocity slip parameter

h2

Dimensionless temperature jump parameter

h3

Dimensionless concentration jump parameter

Cf

Skin friction coefficient

Nux

Local Nusselt number

Shx

Local Sherwood number

Rex

Local Reynolds number

Greek Symbols
ϕ

Dimensionless concentration

η

Similarity variable

σ

Electrical conductivity of the fluid (S/m)

γ

Ratio of specific heats

θ

Dimensionless temperature

ρ

Density of the fluid (kg/m3)

β

Casson fluid parameter

μ

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

υ

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

λ

Wall thickness parameter

ξ1

Mean free path (constant)

α

Aligned angle

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Received: 2017-12-21
Revised: 2018-03-18
Accepted: 2018-05-10
Published Online: 2018-07-27
Published in Print: 2019-01-28

© 2019 R. Saravana et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  18. Numerical investigation of MHD stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of sodium alginate non-Newtonian nanofluid
  19. A New Finance Chaotic System, its Electronic Circuit Realization, Passivity based Synchronization and an Application to Voice Encryption
  20. Analysis of Heat Transfer and Lifting Force in a Ferro-Nanofluid Based Porous Inclined Slider Bearing with Slip Conditions
  21. Application of QLM-Rational Legendre collocation method towards Eyring-Powell fluid model
  22. Hyperbolic rational solutions to a variety of conformable fractional Boussinesq-Like equations
  23. MHD nonaligned stagnation point flow of second grade fluid towards a porous rotating disk
  24. Nonlinear Dynamic Response of an Axially Functionally Graded (AFG) Beam Resting on Nonlinear Elastic Foundation Subjected to Moving Load
  25. Swirling flow of couple stress fluid due to a rotating disk
  26. MHD stagnation point slip flow due to a non-linearly moving surface with effect of non-uniform heat source
  27. Effect of aligned magnetic field on Casson fluid flow over a stretched surface of non-uniform thickness
  28. Nonhomogeneous porosity and thermal diffusivity effects on stability and instability of double-diffusive convection in a porous medium layer: Brinkman Model
  29. Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Boundary Layer Flow of Eyring-Powell Nanofluid Past Stretching Cylinder With Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model
  30. On the connection coefficients and recurrence relations arising from expansions in series of modified generalized Laguerre polynomials: Applications on a semi-infinite domain
  31. An adaptive mesh method for time dependent singularly perturbed differential-difference equations
  32. On stretched magnetic flow of Carreau nanofluid with slip effects and nonlinear thermal radiation
  33. Rational exponential solutions of conformable space-time fractional equal-width equations
  34. Simultaneous impacts of Joule heating and variable heat source/sink on MHD 3D flow of Carreau-nanoliquids with temperature dependent viscosity
  35. Effect of magnetic field on imbibition phenomenon in fluid flow through fractured porous media with different porous material
  36. Impact of ohmic heating on MHD mixed convection flow of Casson fluid by considering Cross diffusion effect
  37. Mathematical Modelling Comparison of a Reciprocating, a Szorenyi Rotary, and a Wankel Rotary Engine
  38. Surface roughness effect on thermohydrodynamic analysis of journal bearings lubricated with couple stress fluids
  39. Convective conditions and dissipation on Tangent Hyperbolic fluid over a chemically heating exponentially porous sheet
  40. Unsteady Carreau-Casson fluids over a radiated shrinking sheet in a suspension of dust and graphene nanoparticles with non-Fourier heat flux
  41. An efficient numerical algorithm for solving system of Lane–Emden type equations arising in engineering
  42. New numerical method based on Generalized Bessel function to solve nonlinear Abel fractional differential equation of the first kind
  43. Numerical Study of Viscoelastic Micropolar Heat Transfer from a Vertical Cone for Thermal Polymer Coating
  44. Analysis of Bifurcation and Chaos of the Size-dependent Micro–plate Considering Damage
  45. Non-Similar Comutational Solutions for Double-Diffusive MHD Transport Phenomena for Non-Newtnian Nanofluid From a Horizontal Circular Cylinder
  46. Mathematical model on distributed denial of service attack through Internet of things in a network
  47. Postbuckling behavior of functionally graded CNT-reinforced nanocomposite plate with interphase effect
  48. Study of Weakly nonlinear Mass transport in Newtonian Fluid with Applied Magnetic Field under Concentration/Gravity modulation
  49. MHD slip flow of chemically reacting UCM fluid through a dilating channel with heat source/sink
  50. A Study on Non-Newtonian Transport Phenomena in Mhd Fluid Flow From a Vertical Cone With Navier Slip and Convective Heating
  51. Penetrative convection in a fluid saturated Darcy-Brinkman porous media with LTNE via internal heat source
  52. Traveling wave solutions for (3+1) dimensional conformable fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation with power law nonlinearity
  53. Semitrailer Steering Control for Improved Articulated Vehicle Manoeuvrability and Stability
  54. Thermomechanical nonlinear stability of pressure-loaded CNT-reinforced composite doubly curved panels resting on elastic foundations
  55. Combination synchronization of fractional order n-chaotic systems using active backstepping design
  56. Vision-Based CubeSat Closed-Loop Formation Control in Close Proximities
  57. Effect of endoscope on the peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid with heat transfer: Application to biomedicine
  58. Unsteady MHD Non-Newtonian Heat Transfer Nanofluids with Entropy Generation Analysis
  59. Mathematical Modelling of Hydromagnetic Casson non-Newtonian Nanofluid Convection Slip Flow from an Isothermal Sphere
  60. Influence of Joule Heating and Non-Linear Radiation on MHD 3D Dissipating Flow of Casson Nanofluid past a Non-Linear Stretching Sheet
  61. Radiative Flow of Third Grade Non-Newtonian Fluid From A Horizontal Circular Cylinder
  62. Application of Bessel functions and Jacobian free Newton method to solve time-fractional Burger equation
  63. A reliable algorithm for time-fractional Navier-Stokes equations via Laplace transform
  64. A multiple-step adaptive pseudospectral method for solving multi-order fractional differential equations
  65. A reliable numerical algorithm for a fractional model of Fitzhugh-Nagumo equation arising in the transmission of nerve impulses
  66. The expa function method and the conformable time-fractional KdV equations
  67. Comment on the paper: “Thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects on boundary layer slip flow and melting heat transfer of nanofluid induced by a nonlinear stretching sheet, M.R. Krishnamurthy, B.J. Gireesha, B.C. Prasannakumara, and Rama Subba Reddy Gorla, Nonlinear Engineering 2016, 5(3), 147-159”
  68. Three-Dimensional Boundary layer Flow and Heat Transfer of a Fluid Particle Suspension over a Stretching Sheet Embedded in a Porous Medium
  69. MHD three dimensional flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a bidirectional stretching sheet: DTM-Padé Solution
  70. MHD Convection Fluid and Heat Transfer in an Inclined Micro-Porous-Channel
Heruntergeladen am 25.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/nleng-2017-0173/html
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