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The anti-cancer properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) through its antioxidant activity in the liver: its pharmaceutics and toxic dosage forms. A literature review

  • Maryam Iman EMAIL logo , Mohammadreza Taheri and Zahra Bahari
Published/Copyright: May 10, 2021
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 19 Issue 2

Abstract

Objectives

The neem (Azadirachta indica) have been used in herbal medicine for the treatment of multiple diseases, particularly cancer. The mechanism of anti-cancer properties of neem are far from clear. However, it is well accepted that anti-cancer effects of neem is mediated via its hepatic anti-oxidant activity. In the present review, we are going to classify in vitro and in vivo studies about anti-cancer activity of neem via its hepatic anti-oxidant activity. We also summarize its active ingredients and some therapeutic and toxic dosage forms.

Methods

A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for neem, A. indica, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, carcinogen, liver, antioxidant activity, neem ingredients, and glutathione. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed.

Results

The neem plant have been used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. The mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of neem are far from clear. Cancerous cells growth can induce imbalance the oxidant and anti-oxidant activity in various organs particularly in the liver. Therefore, it seems that neem have anti-cancer effects via restore of the antioxidant disturbances close to the control ones in the liver. Additionally, administration of neem extract can induce oncostatic potential via several mechanism including; suppression of the NF-κβ pathway, increased expression of tumor suppressor (such as p53 and pTEN), decreased expression of oncogenes (such as c-Myc), and increased apoptosis in cancerous cells. The median lethal dose (LD50) value for extracts of neem was higher than 2,500 mg/kg.

Conclusions

It is suggested that neem plays pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of cancer via its hepatic antioxidant activity. Indeed, application of neem extract can decreased tumor growth via restore of the antioxidant disturbances close to the control ones in the liver.

Keywords: anti-cancer effect; antioxidant activity; Azadirachta indica ; liver; neem
Corresponding author: Maryam Iman, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran, Phone: +00982187554514, Fax: +00982187554514, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences and ethical code is IR.BMSU.REC.1397.314.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of the current review manuscript and approved submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

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Received: 2021-01-07
Accepted: 2021-04-07
Published Online: 2021-05-10

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  24. Amelioration of related complications by the combined usage of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl and pumpkin seed in type 2 diabetic mice
  25. The effect of Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa – an Ayurved medicine – in insulin resistance
  26. Anti-obesity effects of the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic leaf extract of Artemisia campestris from Tunisian pharmacopeia in male Wistar rats
  27. Compensatory depression of arterial pressure and reversal of ECG abnormalities by Annona muricata and Curcuma longa in hypertensive Wistar rats
  28. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the emergency department by implementing a separate pathway for patients with respiratory conditions
  29. Clinical significance of serum gonadotropin and androgen levels among Egyptian overweight/obese pubertal girls
  30. Preference between serum homocysteine and urinary periostin as early predictive biomarkers of renal dysfunction among uncontrolled diabetics
  31. Mizaj assessment in multiple sclerosis patients based on Persian Medicine
  32. Immediate effects of the practise of Sheethali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers
  33. Effects of 12 sessions of steam bath intervention on spirometry parameters among healthy adult volunteers
  34. The effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedure for alleviation of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran country
  35. “The immediate effect of neutral spinal compress on heart rate variability in hypertensive individuals”
  36. Effect of whole-body vibration after a resistance exercise bout on heart rate variability in hypertensive population
  37. Wet-cupping on calf muscles in polycystic ovary syndrome: a quasi-experimental study
  38. Auricular field nerve stimulation using the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device as an alternative to opioids following kidney donor surgery
  39. Evaluation of general body temperament and uterine dystemperament in amenorrhoea: a cross-sectional analytical study
  40. Short Communication
  41. Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of communic acid from Juniperus phoenicea
  42. Letter to the Editor
  43. Can silymarin ameliorate β-thalassemia major-induced osteopenia/osteoporosis?
  44. Case Reports
  45. Management of psoriasis with Ayurveda Panchakarma and Manibhadragula as Shodhana Rasayana – a case report
  46. Psychogenic pseudo-myasthenic ptosis – management with ayurvedic medicines and Smriti meditation
  47. Education Forum
  48. Tongue stretching: technique and clinical proposal
  49. Simulation-based ventilatory training for the caregivers at primary and rural health care workers in Central India for dealing with COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations
https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2021-0009
Keywords for this article
anti-cancer effect; antioxidant activity; Azadirachta indica; liver; neem

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Swarna Prashana – faith in the embrace of research
  4. A review on the concept of aging in Ayurveda literature
  5. Ethno-pharmacology of Asaroon (Asarum europaeum L.) with special reference to Unani System of Medicine
  6. Is Trikatu an ayurvedic formulation effective for the management of flu-like illness? A narrative review
  7. The anti-cancer properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) through its antioxidant activity in the liver: its pharmaceutics and toxic dosage forms. A literature review
  8. The role of acupuncture for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in interventional pain management
  9. Research Articles
  10. Identification of phenolic compounds in the buds of Algerian Pistacia atlantica desf. Subsp. atlantica by antioxidant activity guided fractionation
  11. Optimization of water-based ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) of bioactive compounds from Garcinia mangostana pericarp
  12. Proximate analysis, HPTLC finger print analysis and multi spectrometric analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica nuts
  13. Amelioration of sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress by Cynometra travancorica Bedd in mice
  14. The effects of saffron petals and damask rose petals on biochemical and inflammatory measurements
  15. Ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch improves pulmonary function and inflammation in LPS-induced acute lung injury mice
  16. Interaction between properties of commercial Australian honey and saliva: in vitro exploratory study of a potential mechanism in the treatment of oral mucositis
  17. The potential of immature poken (Citrus reticulata) extract in the weight management, lipid and glucose metabolism
  18. Effect of the beta-adrenergic blockade on intestinal lactate production and glycogen concentration in dogs infused with hexoses
  19. Investigating the effect of the Teucrium polium aqueous extract on the liver of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
  20. Synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and intake of nettle on serum levels of chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic rats
  21. The effect of Cinnamomum cassia extract on oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats
  22. Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
  23. Ameliorating activity of polyphenolic-rich extracts of Basella rubra L. leaves on pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
  24. Amelioration of related complications by the combined usage of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl and pumpkin seed in type 2 diabetic mice
  25. The effect of Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa – an Ayurved medicine – in insulin resistance
  26. Anti-obesity effects of the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic leaf extract of Artemisia campestris from Tunisian pharmacopeia in male Wistar rats
  27. Compensatory depression of arterial pressure and reversal of ECG abnormalities by Annona muricata and Curcuma longa in hypertensive Wistar rats
  28. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the emergency department by implementing a separate pathway for patients with respiratory conditions
  29. Clinical significance of serum gonadotropin and androgen levels among Egyptian overweight/obese pubertal girls
  30. Preference between serum homocysteine and urinary periostin as early predictive biomarkers of renal dysfunction among uncontrolled diabetics
  31. Mizaj assessment in multiple sclerosis patients based on Persian Medicine
  32. Immediate effects of the practise of Sheethali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers
  33. Effects of 12 sessions of steam bath intervention on spirometry parameters among healthy adult volunteers
  34. The effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedure for alleviation of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran country
  35. “The immediate effect of neutral spinal compress on heart rate variability in hypertensive individuals”
  36. Effect of whole-body vibration after a resistance exercise bout on heart rate variability in hypertensive population
  37. Wet-cupping on calf muscles in polycystic ovary syndrome: a quasi-experimental study
  38. Auricular field nerve stimulation using the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device as an alternative to opioids following kidney donor surgery
  39. Evaluation of general body temperament and uterine dystemperament in amenorrhoea: a cross-sectional analytical study
  40. Short Communication
  41. Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of communic acid from Juniperus phoenicea
  42. Letter to the Editor
  43. Can silymarin ameliorate β-thalassemia major-induced osteopenia/osteoporosis?
  44. Case Reports
  45. Management of psoriasis with Ayurveda Panchakarma and Manibhadragula as Shodhana Rasayana – a case report
  46. Psychogenic pseudo-myasthenic ptosis – management with ayurvedic medicines and Smriti meditation
  47. Education Forum
  48. Tongue stretching: technique and clinical proposal
  49. Simulation-based ventilatory training for the caregivers at primary and rural health care workers in Central India for dealing with COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations
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