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23. The Russian Language of Exact, Natural and Engineering Sciences

  • Valentina Aristova
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Abstract

Throughout the course of time, science has managed to develop its own capacious and expressive language. Each word and word combination gives the specialist a full, and at the same time concise description of an object or a phenomenon. These advantages of the scientific language are a result of the targeted selection and subsequent organization of the linguistic means of the common language in a scientific text. The peculiarity of using the common language in the sphere of science is twofold. First, the vocabulary of the scientific language is mostly based on terms and words used in their terminological definition, establishing the minimal and sufficient differentiating features of objects and phenomena. Secondly, the language of science (at least in Russian) is heavily reliant on foreign language borrowings and international words, which gives the language of science the necessary degree of precision and uniqueness (Mitrofanova 1973). The lexical, morphological, and syntactic means of language all contribute to the creation of the specific language of exact, natural and engineering sciences, which led to the structure of this research paper. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the key works of linguists who study the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a lexical-semantic level. More specifically, it looks at the questions of the general scientific terminology of the Russian language, as well as terminology in specific fields of knowledge (i.e. mathematics, physics, chemistry). The second part of the paper reviews studies that examine the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a textual level.

Abstract

Throughout the course of time, science has managed to develop its own capacious and expressive language. Each word and word combination gives the specialist a full, and at the same time concise description of an object or a phenomenon. These advantages of the scientific language are a result of the targeted selection and subsequent organization of the linguistic means of the common language in a scientific text. The peculiarity of using the common language in the sphere of science is twofold. First, the vocabulary of the scientific language is mostly based on terms and words used in their terminological definition, establishing the minimal and sufficient differentiating features of objects and phenomena. Secondly, the language of science (at least in Russian) is heavily reliant on foreign language borrowings and international words, which gives the language of science the necessary degree of precision and uniqueness (Mitrofanova 1973). The lexical, morphological, and syntactic means of language all contribute to the creation of the specific language of exact, natural and engineering sciences, which led to the structure of this research paper. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the key works of linguists who study the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a lexical-semantic level. More specifically, it looks at the questions of the general scientific terminology of the Russian language, as well as terminology in specific fields of knowledge (i.e. mathematics, physics, chemistry). The second part of the paper reviews studies that examine the Russian language of exact, natural and engineering sciences on a textual level.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Inhalt V
  3. Einleitung 1
  4. I Rahmenbedingungen und Akteure
  5. 1. Mathematik und Sprache 9
  6. 2. Physikalische Erkenntnis, Denken und Sprache 55
  7. 3. Sprache und Technik 91
  8. II Wissenskonstitution in Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik
  9. 4. Die kognitive Metapher als Instrument der Erkenntnisgewinnung, -versprachlichung und -vermittlung 119
  10. 5. Zur Konstitution und Kommunikation naturwissenschaftlichen Wissens in und mit Bildern 139
  11. 6. Terminologiearbeit und Wissensmanagement 167
  12. 7. Technisches Schreiben: Spracharbeit an und mit Textdokumenten zur Techniknutzung 191
  13. 8. Die Fachübersetzung in Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik 221
  14. 9. Texts in Mathematics and Natural Sciences Phenomena and Processing Methods 241
  15. III Wissensvermittlung in Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik
  16. 10. Kommunikative Strategien der Wissenschaftspopularisierung 271
  17. 11. Sprache und Wissensvermittlung im naturwissenschaftlichen Museum 291
  18. 12. Die Rede über Technik in der wissenschaftlichen Politikberatung 315
  19. 13. Zur Auseinandersetzung mit Naturwissenschaften im Web 2.0 – das Beispiel Wikipedia 335
  20. 14. Nichtwissen und Unsicherheit in Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik 355
  21. IV Diskurs, Text, Sprache
  22. 15. Diskurs 381
  23. 16. Denkstil und Fachsprache 405
  24. 17. Textsorten des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Diskurses 423
  25. 18. Textsorten in technischen Diskursen 445
  26. 19. Vocabulary of Mathematics 469
  27. 20. Deutsch als Sprache von Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik 489
  28. 21. Sprache der Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik im Französischen 509
  29. 22. Sprache der Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik im Italienischen 527
  30. 23. The Russian Language of Exact, Natural and Engineering Sciences 551
  31. Autorenverzeichnis 579
  32. Sachregister 581
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